Jessica Huska Cory Weiss Jessie Bennett. What? Determine the Calcium Concentration in Different...
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Transcript of Jessica Huska Cory Weiss Jessie Bennett. What? Determine the Calcium Concentration in Different...
Analysis of Types of Milk for Calcium Content
Jessica HuskaCory Weiss
Jessie Bennett
What?• Determine the Calcium Concentration in
Different Types of Milk and Compare to One Another – 2% Milk– Almond Milk– Soy Milk – Rice Milk
Importance• Most Abundant Mineral in the Body– About 1-2% of the body weight – Stored in the Bones and Teeth – Used for:• vascular contraction and vasodilation• muscle function• nerve transmission• intracellular signaling• hormonal secretion
Ways to Get Calcium • Through a well rounded diet
– Milk– Yogurt– Cheese – Broccoli – Kale– Soft Bone Fish
• Dietary Supplements– Multivitamin – Carbonate – Citrate
Life Stage Recommended Amount
Birth to 6 months 200 mg
Infants 7–12 months 260 mg
Children 1–3 years 700 mg
Children 4–8 years 1,000 mg
Children 9–13 years 1,300 mg
Teens 14–18 years 1,300 mg
Adults 19–50 years 1,000 mg
Adult men 51–70 years 1,000 mg
Adult women 51–70 years 1,200 mg
Adults 71 years and older 1,200 mg
Pregnant and breastfeeding teens 1,300 mg
Pregnant and breastfeeding adults 1,000 mg
Recommended Daily AmountIt differs for the individual based on their age
Too Little or Too Much
• Too Little– No short term effects seen – Long term: Osteopenia, Osteoporosis, Bone Fractures– Symptoms of deficiency: numbness and tingling in the fingers,
convulsions, and abnormal heart rhythms (most extreme)
• Too Much– Causes Constipation– Lowers the absorption of iron and zinc– Risk of Kidney Stones (adults)– Current studies show that having too much calcium can also
contribute to prostate cancer and heart disease **more research being done
Upper LimitCan’t get close with just diet alone
Life Stage Upper Safe LimitBirth to 6 months 1,000 mg
Infants 7–12 months 1,500 mgChildren 1–8 years 2,500 mg
Children 9–18 years 3,000 mgAdults 19–50 years 2,500 mg
Adults 51 years and older 2,000 mgPregnant and breastfeeding teens 3,000 mgPregnant and breastfeeding adults 2,500 mg
Groups at Risk of Calcium Inadequacy
• Postmenopausal Women
• Amenorrheic Women
• Female Athlete Triad
• Lactose Intolerance
• Vegetarians
Method• Standardization of EDTA
– Dissolve 3.6 g of EDTA in 16 mL of ammonium buffer in 1000 mL volumetric flask
– Dissolve 0.5 g of Calcium carbonate in 100 mL of 0.1 M HCL
– Titrate 3 good trials
• Calcium content in milk- Mix 2-7 mL of milk solution, buffer, and indicator- Titrate 3 good trials with EDTA
Method cont.
• Spike tests- added 0.1 g of calcium carbonate to samples and titrated
with EDTA
• Frozen samples- froze 30 mL of each milk sample and titrated with EDTA
Proof of Method• We standardized a solution of EDTA
- Must be at pH of 10- The calcium in milk reacts quantitatively with EDTA and
forms a stable complex- Calmagite indicator changes color from magenta to blue
at a pH of >7.0- Indicator changes color when last of Ca2+ is
complexed by EDTA- the ammonium buffer maintains the pH to stay at 10
• We used EDTA because in experiment 6 it proved to be successful with finding concentrations of calcium carbonate in a solution
Spike Test
Types of Milk Spike Results
2% 76.77262009
Almond 87.59519209
Rice 87.9685849
Soy 76.09620934
Calcium Contained
Type of MilkCalcium Concentration (M) ppm
2% 0.035173359 1409.396495
Almond 0.047517855 1904.040457
Soy 0.016233858 650.4906898
Rice 0.001932602 77.43936783
ComparisonsTypes of Milk T-test
2%-almond 0.539685
2%-soy 0.907207
2%-rice 2.966906
almond-soy 1.131985
almond-rice 2.140694
soy-rice 0.747436
Percent T-test
50% 0.816
90% 2.92
95% 4.303
Percent DifferenceTypes of Milk Percent Difference
2%-almond 29.86%
2%-soy 73.68%
2%-rice 179.17%
almond-soy 98.16%
almond-rice 184.37%
soy-rice 157.45%
Daily Value Comparison
Type of Milk Claimed Percent DV Experimental DV
2% 30% 33.83%
Almond 45% 45.70%
Soy 30% 15.60%
Rice 30% 1.85%
Calcium in Frozen Milk
Type of MilkCalcium Concentration (M) ppm
2% 0.039231823 1572.019167
Almond 0.027563738 1104.478984
Rice 0.015050139 603.059077
Soy 0.001932602 77.43936783
ComparisonsTypes of Milk T-test
2% 0.16768383
Almond 0.683965471
Rice 0.038772449
Soy 0.000
Percent T-test
50% 0.816
90% 2.92
95% 4.303
Percent Difference
Type of Milk % Difference
2% 10.909
Almond 53.153
Rice 7.567
Soy 0.00
Problems That Occurred • The end point was expected to be less than 20
mL of EDTA based on the standardization– The first titration worked with Rice Milk
– The indicator wasn’t changing even after 50-60 mL of EDTA
– We tried using different indicators, but still didn’t see a
change and the end point
– Used a spike to try and figure out the problem, but still we
saw no change
Solution
• Changed the Parameters
– Initially we were adding 55 mL of milk with enough ammonia buffer to have pH 10
– Realized this was too much too much calcium in the solution to react
– Changed the experiment to use 2 mL of milk plus 5 mL of buffer **except for Rice Milk (7 mL, 10 mL)
– Titrations worked successfully
A Better Experiment?
• Instead of comparing refrigerated milks to a frozen sample, we would want to freeze a total of eight or so samples and keep each in for a longer amount of time
• This way we could have made a calibration curve of Concentration vs Time
• We could have done this, but didn’t think of it in time
In Conclusion • Almond milk is the best source of calcium
• Rice and Soy are poor sources of calcium
• The only milk seriously effected by being frozen is almond milk
References• The George Mateljan Foundation. Calcium. The
George Mateljan Foundation. 2013. Web Accessed.
• National Institute of Health. Dietary Supplement Fact Sheet: Calcium. USA.gov. 2013. Web Accessed.
• National Institute of Health.Calcium. USA.gov. 2013 Web Accessed