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Transcript of Jerusalem
Jerusalemthe b iog raphy
Simon Sebag Montefiore
THE MACCABEES: KINGS AND HIGH PRIESTS 160 bc–37 bc
Rulers are in capitals; dates refer to the dates of their reigns
JUDAH MACCABEUS Commander
166–160
JOHN HYRCANUS High Priest and
Ethnarch 134–104
THE HERODS
Alexandra = Alexander
ARISTOBULOS I High Priest and King
104–103
ALEXANDER JANNAEUS King and High Priest
103–76 = ALEXANDRA SALOME
Queen 76–67
Jonathan Aristobulos High Priest 37–36
d. 36
HYRCANUS II High Priest 76–67, 63–40
Ethnarch 63–40 d. 30
ARISTOBULOS II High Priest and King
67–63 d. 49
Mariamme = HEROD THE GREAT
King 40–4
Mattathias
JONATHAN High Priest and
Commander 160–142
SIMON High Priest and
Commander 142–134
ANTIGONOS King and High Priest
40–37 d. 37
1 The Maccabees REV2.indd 1 01/12/2010 11:55
Contents
Lists of Family Trees and Maps
THE HERODS 37 bc–ad 100
Antipater d. 43 bc = Cyprus
PHASAEL d. 40 bc
Tetrarch of Jerusalem = 1. Doris
Antipater II d. 4 bc
Alexander d. 6 bc
= Glaphyra, daughter of King
Archelaus of Cappadocia
Alexander TIGRANES IV King of Armenia
d. ad 36
TIGRANES V King of Armenia
ALEXANDER King of West Cilicia
ARISTOBULOS King of Lesser Armenia
and King of Chalcis
HEROD King of Chalcis
= Berenice, daughter of HEROD AGRIPPA I
Aristobulos d. 6 bc
= Berenice, daughter of
Salome
= 2. MariammeHEROD THE GREAT
37–4 bc
Joseph
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ARCHELAUS Ethnarch of Judaea
4 bc–ad 6 = Glaphyra, widow of
half-brother Alexander
HEROD ANTIPAS Tetrarch of
Galilee and Perea 4 bc–ad 40
= 1. daughter of King Aretas IV of Nabataea
= 2. Herodias
PHILIP Tetrarch of
Bataneae and Trachonitis 4 bc–ad 34
issue
HEROD AGRIPPA II King of Chalcis and Bataneae
d. ad 100
Berenice = 1. Marcus, son of Alexander
the Alabarch of Alexandria = 2. HEROD, King of Chalcis = 3. Polemo, King of Cilicia Berenice was later mistress
of Emperor Titus
Drusilla = 1. Azizus, King of Emesa
= 2. Antonius Felix, Procurator of Judaea
Herodias = HEROD ANTIPAS
Tetrarch of Galilee and Perea
HEROD AGRIPPA I King of Judaea ad 41–44 King of Bataneae 37–44
= Cypros
= 3. Malthace = 4. Cleopatra = six more wives
Pheroras Salome
Salome (the dancer)
Berenice = Aristobulos,
son of HEROD
THE GREAT
Rulers are in capitals; dates refer to the dates of their reigns.This family tree shows only the Herodian rulers. The Herodians frequently
intermarried making a full family tree extremely complex.
2 The HerodsREV2.indd 3 01/12/2010 11:56
MUHAMMAD THE PROPHET
circa 570–632 married 11 wives;
1 Jewish and 1 Copt concubine.
Wives included:
THE PROPHET MUHAMMAD AND
THE ISLAMIC CALIPHS AND DYNASTIES
Abdullah = Amina
Al-Abbas
Ali
SHERIFS of MECCA; HASHEMITE KINGS
of HEJAZ, SYRIA, IRAQ and JORDAN;
and ALOUITE SHERIFS and KINGS
of MOROCCO
IMAMS of SHIA ISLAM;
ISMAILI IMAMS and FATIMID CALIPHS
and the AGA KHANS
12 IMAMS
Muhammad al-Mahdi 12th IMAM
the “Hidden Imam”
Hasan 2nd Shiite Imam
d. 670
Hussein 3rd Shiite Imam
d. 680
Umm Kulthum (possibly) = OMAR
2nd Righteous Caliph 634–644
ABBASID CALIPHS of BAGHDAD
SAFFAH 749–754
MANSUR 754–775
Rugayyah = OTHMAN = 3rd Righteous
Caliph 644–656
= Yazid d. 629
= Habibah d. 665
= Khadijah d. 619
Aisha d. 678
Umm Kulthum Fatima = ALI
4th Righteous Caliph 656–661 1st Shiite Imam
ABU BAKR 1st Righteous Caliph
632–634
Abdallah
Muhammad
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Ruling caliphs are in capitals. This family tree is not complete but is designed to show
the connections of the Prophet and the dynasties of Islam. Ali and Fatima’s descendants are known as the Sherifs (Ashraf)
and as sayyids.
Harb
Ummaya
Abu Sufyan = Hind
Affan
MUAWIYA 1st Umayyad Caliph
661–680
YAZID 2nd Umayyad Caliph
680–683
UMAYYAD AMIRS and CALIPHS
of ANDALUCIA, SPAIN
UMAYYAD CALIPHS of DAMASCUS
OTHMAN 3rd Righteous Caliph
644–656
ABD AL-MALIK 4th Umayyad Caliph
685–705
MARWAN 3rd Umayyad Caliph
684–685
Abu al-As Hakam
3 The Prophet Muhammad REV2.indd 3 01/12/2010 11:57
CRUSADER KINGS OF JERUSALEM 1099–1291
Ruling kings and queens are in bold capitals; consort titular kings are in roman capitals
GODFREY Advocate of the Holy Sepulchre
1099–1100
BALDWIN III King of Jerusalem
1143–1162 = Theodora Comnena
AMAURY I King of Jerusalem
1162–1174 = 1. Agnes Courtenay
MELISENDE Queen of Jerusalem 1131–1153
= FULK V Count of Anjou King of Jerusalem 1131–1143
BALDWIN I King of Jerusalem 1100–1118
= 1. Godehilde = 2. Arda of Armenia = 3. Adelaide of Sicily
BALDWIN II 1118–1131
= Morphia of Melitene
= 2. Maria Comnena
ISABELLA Queen of Jerusalem
1192–1205 = 1. Humphrey IV of Toron
= 2. CONRAD of Montferrat King of Jerusalem 1192
= 3. HENRY of Champagne King of Jerusalem 1192–1197 = 4. AMAURY of Lusignan
King of Jerusalem 1197–1205
SYBILLA Queen of Jerusalem
1186–1190 = 1. William of Montferrat = 2. GUY DE LUSIGNAN,
King of Jerusalem 1186–1192 King of Cyprus 1192–1194
BALDWIN IV King of Jerusalem
1174–1185
MARIA OF MONTFERRAT Queen of Jerusalem 1205–1212
= JOHN of Brienne King of Jerusalem 1210–1212
Latin Emperor of Byzantium 1229–1237
YOLANDE (Isabella II) Queen of Jerusalem 1212–1228
= FREDERICK II Holy Roman Emperor King of Sicily
King of Jerusalem 1225–1228
CONRAD III King of Jerusalem 1254–1265
CONRAD II King of Jerusalem 1228–1254
LUSIGNAN KINGS of Cyprus and
Jerusalem
BALDWIN V 1185–1186
cousin
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THE HASHEMITE (SHERIFIAN) DYNASTY
1916–
Rulers are in capitals; dates refer to the dates of their reigns
ALI King of Hejaz
1924–1925
Naif
Zaid
HUSSEIN King of Jordan
1953–1999
twelve children including
ABDULLAH II King of Jordan
1999–
Abd al-Illah Regent of Iraq
1939–1958
Muhammad
GHAZI King of Iraq 1933–1939
Sherif HUSSEIN bin Ali Sherif of Sherifs, Amir of Mecca, King of Hejaz
1916–1924
ABDULLAH I Amir of Transjordan
1921–1946 King of Jordan
1946–1951
FAISAL I King of Syria
1920 King of Iraq 1921–1933
Hassan FAISAL II King of Iraq 1939–1958
TALAL King of Jordan
1951–1952
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