Jersey • Maart 2012...Jersey • Maart 2012 9 9 South Africa has the lowest genetic correlation...

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Inhoud

Jersey • Maart 20124

Letter to the

of Jersey SA - March 2012Members

I trust that this letter finds you and your family in good health and that the prospects of a recovery in the milk prices have enabled you to be more optimistic this year.It seems as though the farmers in Northern

Kwa-Zulu Natal and parts of Mpumalanga have traded places with our fellow farmers in the Southern Cape with regards to rainfall this year, as the lack of summer rainfall has been challenging. It is always difficult to remain positive under these circumstances yet somehow most prevail to see the onset of better times. It has come to my attention that there has recently (9 March 2012) been a Statutory Measure - Returns published in the Government Gazette that obligates all milk producers to furnish details of their herd numbers as well as other details to the MPO by the 15th of November each year. The primary aim of this legislation is to enable better milk flow projections as well as to facilitate better disease control.This in itself is not a bad thing as there has always been a contention that the only true way to project milk supply is by measuring dairy cow numbers. Producers can and do manipulate feed inputs depending on their economic circumstances, but the real ability for the industry to rebound or react to market signals is largely dependent on cow and follower numbers. The tendency to purely act on milk supply signals is not in the best interests of the dairy industry as a whole, as there is not only a strong seasonality of production within the industry, but these signals are not accurate enough to enable the market to respond proactively. The “feast” and “famine” scenario that the industry finds itself in, is counterproductive to the whole supply chain. And we as producers will always be at the receiving end, by continually giving away our advantage each time there is a surplus. We therefore need to be in better control of the degree to which the pendulum swings between these two extremes. Incremental price increases are far more sustainable for the producer and consumer, than large corrections which lead to greater consumer resistance at those times.

Where we fail however as producers and particularly as Jersey Milk producers, is in that we do not make the effort to market the benefits of the unique product we produce. So what happens in reality is that we cross subsidise low solids milk producers, particularly when it comes to Cheese and Powder and the transport cost of the solids. Even in the fresh milk industry we are enabling below legal limit milk to be blended with our solids to legalise that milk. However the reality of the situation we find ourselves in, is our own inability to cooperate with each other as fellow Jersey Milk producers. Along with that we have a tendency to take an aggressive stance when we are backed into a corner, instead of focusing on a proactive approach at building supply chain relationships in both the good and bad times, with the ultimate intention of appealing to reason and fairness rather coercing defensiveness. Any scenario that is not a win : win is an unsustainable one in the long term. The key is to identify and negotiate that unique sustainable scenario, that is objectively measurable and based on sound economic principles.With regards to the uniquely adaptable cow that we have, I have no doubt that we have the “Dairy Cow” for Africa. The world is looking seriously at the African continent as the future “bread basket”. Enormous infrastructural development and revival is taking place in many Central African Countries, with the primary emphasis being on agricultural production at this stage. As countries like China desperately look for alternative food sources for their enormous population. However where there is infrastructure and crops, intensive livestock production is bound to follow. We as breeders of the “African Jersey” are therefore best positioned to take advantage of this potential. By exporting our “Brand of Jersey Cow” will we not only generate the local demand for our prodigiously fertile breed and regain her true value, but we will also generate a growing market for the breed.May the rest of 2012 bring smiles to your faces.

Peter Durham

6 Jersey • Maart 2012Jersey • Maart 20126

South AfricanJ E R S E Y B L U P G O E S I N T E R N A T I O N A L

The new Genetic Evaluation System of the SA Jersey breed, developed by geneticists of SA Studbook, has been validated and accepted by INTERBULL during the February 2012 Test Run. INTERBULL, a sub-committee of ICAR (International Committee for Animal Recording) is responsible for international genetic evaluations of dairy breeds. Eleven countries participated in the Jersey test run. South Africa participated in the Production, Conformation, Udder Health, Fertility and Herd Life trait group validations. Three validation tests have to be passed in order to be able to participate in International Genetic Evaluations :

First lactation versus All lactation test: For the AI sire population, genetic trends that include only records from first lactations are compared to an Evaluation that includes records from the National Evaluation, i.e. records of the first three lactations. Genetic trends from these two evaluations should not differ more than 0.02*Genetic Standard Deviations. This test therefore investigates the impact of cow records from different age groups on the genetic trend.

Daughter Yield Deviation test: The genetic contribution of sires are investigated across years. Since a sire’s genetic make-up cannot change over years, his genetic contribution to his daughters over years should also not change. Trends in the sires’ genetic contribution over years should therefore be less than 0.01*Genetic Standard Deviations, indicating no meaningful trend. This test therefore validates the non-genetic time trend over the entire period considered in the National Genetic Evaluation.

First crop versus Second crop daughter test: A genetic correlation has to be calculated between the current genetic evaluation and an evaluation without the last 4 years’ data. The correlation should be >95%, to test the effect of new daughters, by comparing evaluations done on first crop versus a dataset that includes first and second crop daughters of the AI sire population. This test therefore investigates the random variation associated with new daughters.

SA Studbook is proud to announce that the SA Jersey

Drs BE Mostert, RR van der Westhuizen, HE Theron & J van der WesthuizenSA Studbook, PO Box 270, Bloemfontein, 9300

Jersey • Maart 2012 7

Genetic Evaluation passed all validation tests for all trait groups. The impact of this is that the Jersey industry will be supplied with MACE (Multiple Across Country Evaluation) Estimated Breeding Values (EBVs) for all traits in the National Genetic Evaluation on a regular basis. This will empower Jersey breeders to know how foreign sires’ daughters will perform in South Africa even before such bulls have measured daughters here, as MACE EBVs are expressed in the same unit of measurement, genetic parameters and base definition as in the National Genetic Evaluation. These breeding values are based on the sires’ daughters in their country of birth and the genetic correlations of those countries with South Africa. These genetic correlations are established by comparing SA daughters of foreign sires with daughters of local AI

sires. It is therefore imperative that South African Jersey breeders should also use local semen in their herds for accurate estimation of these MACE EBVs. As some countries incorporated genomic information in their National Genetic Evaluations for the Jersey breed, the benefit in the increased accuracy of estimation will also be experienced by South African Jersey breeders. MACE EBVs are therefore directly comparable to the EBVs from the South African National Jersey Genetic Evaluation, unlike EBVs from any other country.

Some interesting information is available from this test run. In Table 1, information on the top bull, as well as top 3 South African bulls for the different trait groups in the MACE (international) bull list, are indicated.

This Table indicates that South Africa has Jersey bulls in the top 100 for Milk Yield (ranking 3rd and 94th), Butterfat Yield (ranking 70th and 77th), Udder Health (ranking 53rd, 58th, 63rd and 66th) and also for Fertility (ranking 38th, 43rd, 44th, 56th, 71st, 82nd and 95th ). It is also interesting to note that, for all countries, it is the young bulls that rank in the top for production traits, but older bulls that rank in the top for Udder Health and Fertility. Furthermore,

young South African Jersey bulls show a lot of potential internationally for Productive Herd Life, a trait that receives growing emphasis in national breeding indices.

In Table 2 the genetic correlations among the different countries that participated in the February 2012 test run with South Africa, are indicated.

Table 1: Information on the top bull, as well as top three South African bulls for the different traits groups in the MACE bull list.


9Jersey • Maart 2012Jersey • Maart 2012 9

South Africa has the lowest genetic correlation with Nieu-Zeeland (NZL) and Australia (AUS) (0.30) for Productive Herd Life and the highest genetic correlations with Great Brittain (GBR) (0.90), the Netherlands (NLD) and the Nordic countries (Denmark-Finland-Sweden) (DFS) (0.89) for Udder Health, as well as with the USA (USA) for Milk Yield (0.89). In general the lowest correlations are between South Africa and Nieu-Zeeland (and Australia) for all traits except for Fertility but with high genetic correlations (≥0.85) with Canada (CAN) , the USA, the Nordic countries, the Netherlands, Great Brittain, Italy (ITA) and Germany (DEU) for Production traits. Productive Herd Life shows the lowest correlations of all traits, but are quite comparable with the genetic correlations amongst the participating countries (ranging from 0.36 between Canada and Nieu-Zeeland to 0.86 between Canada and Great Brittain).

It is also important to notice that there are no genetic correlations higher than 0.90, meaning that genotype x environmental interactions do exist amongst countries. It will therefore happen that a top bull from a foreign country will not necessarily end up as the top bull in

South Africa. This obviously accentuates the importance of using MACE EBVs rather than those published for the foreign country if semen of these bulls are considered for use in South Africa.

In conclusion

The new National Genetic Evaluation of the SA Jersey breed has been validated by Interbull and South Africa will participate from March 2012 onwards in routine International Genetic Evaluations under the guidance of the Interbull Centre. This places the SA Jersey breed in the international arena with rankings in the top international list that are quite promising. However, future participation in these evaluations and accuracy of estimation of MACE and national EBVs are largely in the hands of the Jersey breeders themselves, accentuating participation in Logixmilk, for the inclusion of each Jersey herd in international genetic evaluations. Never ever stop to measure!!!


10 reasons to register your herd:1. Verified Pedigree information.

2. Linear Classifications.

3. Objective bull recommendations.

4. Preservation of breed standards.

5. Identification of JH1 Haplotype bull carriers/non carriers.

6. Access to electronic systems and data, concerning your herd and milk recording data, that can be used to improve breeding, production, fertility, feeding and your bottom line.

7. Fully registered animals generally demand a higher price than commercial animals at a sale or auction.

8. Export animals have to be registered. The demand in Africa is growing.

9. RECEIVE Access to, AND get THE LATEST dairy NEWS VIA Jersey SA WEBSITE, JERSEY SA YOU TUBE CHANNEL AND JERSEY SA ON FACEBOOK.

10. Because you are a south African and are passionate about the breed !

R A Y V E R S T E R , B r e e d

THE VALUE OF FULLY REGISTERED,MILK RECORDED

Jersey’s


Register Your Herd Today!1. Verified Pedigree information

Within 60 days all births of registered Jerseys, must be submitted to Jersey SA. This information is then forwarded to SA Studbook and captured . Data is verified during the capturing process by certain control procedures. They are:

1. The age of the Dam and Bull should be within acceptable standards when their first offspring is registered. A heifer should be older than 12 months and a bull older than 15 months

2. The amount of days from the Dams first calving must be within acceptable standards. All calves registered within 270 days from the previous calving, will be rejected.

3. 263 Days is the minimum gestation period for a cow and the maximum 310 days.

4. Calves of cancelled cows cannot be registered.

5. A person can only register a calf if the mother is also registered.

6. Only embryos whose parentage is verified by DNA testing may be registered.

Parental evaluations are done yearly on randomly selected animals in randomly selected herds. These results are kept by Jersey SA and SA studbook. The herd that has achieved 100% receives a certificate.

The purpose of these records is that you have a guarantee of your animals’ parental history and pedigree. This data is used to obtain an inbreeding co-efficient. This information in turn can then be used for mating purposes in order to limit inbreeding. This information will become even more important, with the growth of mating programmes.

2. Classifications

Jersey SA has a highly qualified team of classifiers with technologically advanced classification equipment. The International Jersey Harmonisation group sets all characteristics for classification. Every two years this group meet in order to re-evaluate all the characteristics and to hold a practical classification session. The purpose behind this is to standardise classifications in all countries. This group was founded in South Africa and since then Jersey SA has attended all meetings held.

The main characteristics that Jersey SA classifies, are Body, Feet and Legs, and the Udder. The final point is calculated from these groups. The chart below shows the characteristics being classified as well as the ideal point given and the mass connected to each characteristic.

The final point is calculated by (35% X Body) + (15% X Feet and Legs) + (50% Udder).

The characteristics classified, are evaluated on a scale of 1 to 9. The mark received is based on a biological scale .A cow of small stature will classify a 1 on shoulder height and a cow of bigger stature a 9. A 9 classification for shoulder height is in other words unacceptable also a 1 classification. The ideal score is a 6 classification for shoulder height.

What is classification data used for?1. The breeding value of a bull is calculated by this data. This is being done by analysing al his daughters’

classification data.

2. Classification data is being used to calculate breeding values in respect of type characteristics for all animals.

3. Potential Bull mothers are evaluated by this data. It is used to determine her strong and weak characteristics in order to choose the right AI bull for breeding purposes.

4. This data is also used to determine the strengths and weaknesses of a herd. This information is then used to supply suggestions on what bulls should be used in the herd.

3. Objective bull recommendations

With every herd visit, Jersey SA will give an objective opinion on which bulls should be used in a specific herd if requested.


Eructation (belching). Large quantities of gas, mostly carbon dioxide and methane, are produced in the rumen. Under normal conditions, distension from gas formation causes the cow to belch and eliminate the gas.

Rumination. A cow may spend as much as 35 to 40 percent of each day ruminating (cud chewing). The actual amount of time spent ruminating varies from very little (when grain or finely ground rations are fed) to several hours (when long hay is fed). Mature cattle spend little time chewing when eating. During rest periods, feed boluses (cud) are regurgitated for rechewing to reduce particle size and for resalivation. Feed is more readily digested by rumen microbes as particle size is reduced.

Motility of the rumen and reticulum. The rumen is always contracting and moving. Healthy cows will have one to two rumen contractions per minute. The contractions mix the rumen contents, bring microbes in contact with new feedstuffs, reduce flotation of solids, and move materials out of the rumen. Lack of or a decrease in frequency of rumen movements is one way of diagnosing sick animals.

Saliva production. Saliva provides liquid for the microbial population, recirculates nitrogen and minerals, and buffers the rumen. Saliva is the major buffer for helping to maintain a rumen pH between 6.2 and 6.8 for optimum digestion of forages and feedstuffs.

Vomiting. Cattle rarely vomit. Occasionally certain feeds will induce vomiting. Some pasture plants, usually weeds, contain alkaloids that can cause this problem. Should this condition persist, a veterinarian should be consulted.

Microbial digestion of feed carbohydrate in the rumen

Digestion of energy feeds in the rumen. Simple and complex carbohydrates (fiber) are digested by rumen microbes and converted into volatile fatty acids. The volatile fatty acids, which consist mainly of acetic, propionic, and butyric acids, are the primary energy

source for ruminants .When large amounts of forage are fed, the formation of acetic acid predominates (60 to 70 percent of total) with lesser amounts of propionic (15 to 20 percent) and butyric (5 to 15 percent) acids occurring. However, when grain feeding is increased or when finely ground forages are fed, the proportion of acetic acid may decrease to 40 percent, while the amount of propionic acid may increase to 40 percent. Such a change in volatile fatty acid production generally is associated with a reduction in milk fat test.

Look out for the next Jersey SA Journal in which we will be discussing the Digestive System of the Calf.

Approximately 30 to 50 percent of the cellulose and hemicellulose is digested in the rumen by the microbial population. Sixty percent or more of the starch is degraded, depending on the amount fed and how fast ingested materials move through the rumen. Most sugars are digested within the rumen.

The volatile fatty acids are absorbed from the rumen into the blood stream and transported to body tissues, including the udder, where they are used as sources of energy for maintenance, growth, reproduction, and milk production. The cow derives 50 to 70 percent of its energy from the volatile fatty acids produced in the rumen.

Schematic summary of nitrogen utilization by the ruminant

Protein and nonprotein nitrogen utilization in the rumen. Some of the protein consumed by the cow escapes breakdown in the rumen . Protein undergoing fermentation is converted to ammonia, organic acids, amino acids, and other products. Approximately 40 to 75

The following is the second of many articles which will hopefully inform and equip young/beginner farmers to understand and apply themselves to our much loved dairy industry. We will begin with the basics and with each edition of our journal, we will endeavour to progress

and increase this knowledge base.

R A Y V E R S T E R , B r e e d

Digestive TractF U N C T I O N O F T H E


percent of the natural protein in feed is broken down. The extent of breakdown depends on many factors including solubility of the protein, resistance to breakdown, rate of feed passage through the rumen, and others. Many rumen micro-organisms require ammonia (breakdown product of protein) for growth and synthesis of microbial protein. Ammonia also may be provided from NPN sources such as urea, ammonium salts, nitrates, and other compounds. Rumen microbes convert the ammonia and organic acids into amino acids that are assembled into microbial protein. Excess ammonia is mostly absorbed from the rumen into the blood stream, but small amounts may pass into the lower digestive tract and be absorbed. Feed protein (that escapes breakdown in the rumen) and microbial protein pass to the abomasum and small intestine for digestion and absorption.

Vitamin synthesis. The rumen micro-organisms manufacture all of the B vitamins and vitamin K. Vitamin synthesis in the rumen is sufficient for growth and maintenance. Under most conditions, cattle with functioning rumens rarely require supplemental B vitamins or vitamin K in the diet. Niacin (B3) and thiamine (B1) may be needed under stress conditions.

Fat digestion. Most of the digestion and absorption of fat occurs in the small intestine. Rumen micro-organisms change unsaturated fatty acids to saturated acids through the addition of hydrogen molecules. Thus, more saturated fat is absorbed by cows than by simple-stomach animals. Feeding large quantities of unsaturated fatty acids can be toxic to rumen bacteria, depress fiber digestion, and lower rumen pH.

Wie is Inqaba biotec?

Inqaba biotec is ‘n trots Suid-Afrikaanse laboratorium wat in 2001 begin as ‘n genetiese laboratorium wat produkte en dienste, gebruik tydens genetiese toetse, aan universiteite en ander navorsings instansies lewer. Inqaba beskik oor die beste en mees gevorderde toerusting om genetiese toetse te doen en beskik ook oor die nodige vaardigheid om nuwe navorsing te onderneem. Ons het takke oor die hele Afrika en poog om die leier op die Afrika kontinent vir genetiese dienste te wees.

Inqaba het so uitgebrei dat daar in 2009 besluit is om ‘n diere genetika afdeling te skep. Die diere genetika afdeling het begin deur te fokus op honde genetiese afwykings toetse vir stoet-honde. Die toetse kan bepaal of die hond ‘n genetiese siekte of afwyking na sy nageslag sal oordra. Ons lewer tans amper 20 toetse vir verskeie honde rasse.

In 2011 het ons wild genetiese toetse soos ouerskap en sub-spesie identifikasie toetse bygevoeg. Hierdie toetse behels dikwels baie navorsing omdat ‘n spesifieke spesie dikwels nog nie goed nagevors is nie. Ons laboratorium beskik oor die nodige vaardigheid en toerusting om hierdie navorsing te onderneem.

Die nuwe opwindende uitbreiding vir 2012 behels die Preg-O-Vet dragtigheids toetse vir beeste.

Wat is Preg-O-Vet dragtigheids toetse?

Preg-O-Vet is ‘n eenvoudige toets wat bepaal of ‘n koei dragtig is of nie deur haar melk te toets. Preg-O-Vet is ontwerp om die vlak van die Prostaglandin hormoon in die melk te meet, so vroeg as 19 – 25 dae na inseminasie. Indien die hormoon vlakke onder ‘n sekere waarde is, kan die koei nie dragtig wees nie.

Die toets is maklik om uit te voer en ‘n eenvoudige kleur verandering van die monster dui aan of die dier dragtig is of nie.

Die negatiewe resultate is altyd 100% akkuraat (dus as die koei nie dragtig is nie) en ‘n positiewe resultaat is tot 95% akkuraat, indien net een toets gedoen is. Die rede hoekom die positiewe resultaat nie ook 100% akkuraat is nie is omdat ‘n koei kon aborteer, die fetus absorber of ‘n corpus luteum sist gehad het. Dit word dus aanbeveel om die toets te herhaal na die 25ste dag na die koei geinsemineer is. Indien die toets weer positief is kan aangeneem word dat die koei dragtig is.

Ander toetse wat Inqaba biotec animal genetics lewer:

Inqaba biotec lewer genetiese toetse vir diere vir die volgende:

1. Genetiese afwykings

Diere kan getoets word om vas te stel of hulle die resessiewe mutasie, wat kan lei tot ‘n afwyking, dra. Ons lewer hierdie toetse vir honde (20 toetse) en beeste (Bulldogs by Dexters en Haarloosheid by Herefords).

2. Ouerskap van Wild

Deur middel van ouerskaptoetse kan daar byvoorbeeld bevestig word dat ‘n goue blouwildebees ‘n moontlike “split”blouwildebees se ouer is. Ouerskap kan ook voor ‘n veilig bevestig word.

3. Sub-spesie identifikasie, hibridisasie, vlak van inteling, verwantskape ens.

Daar kan vanuit DNA populasie studies word vir vele wildspesies

Inqaba biotec: AFRIKA SE LEIER IN

GENETIESE


4. Ras identifikasie

Deur middel van ras identifikasie kan daar bepaalword van watter ras daardie “baster hond” nou eintlik is! ... of bevestig word dat ‘n hond van ‘n suiwer ras is!

5. Voël DNA geslags bepaling

DNA geslagsbepaling van voëls lewer ‘n akkurate manier om mannetjies en wyfies te onderskei

Kontak ons gerus vir meer inligting:Inqaba biotec animal geneticsHenriette van der Zwan MSc(Agric) Diereteling en genetika Cand.Sci.Nat.Sel: 082 859 2229Tel: 012 343 5829 of 018 290 6926E-pos: [email protected]: www.inqababiotec.co.za


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M E L K | M I L K

P R O T E ï E N | P R O T E I N

B O T T E R v E T | B U T T E R F A T

T O T A L S O L I d

Leeftydsrekords


A B O v E 6 0 0 0 K G


Die eerste Mini skou is op 4 Februarie

2012 gehou by die Black Oystercatcher Wynkelder van Dirk en Sandra Human

in die Strandveld. Dank aan ons beoordeellaar, Mnr Chris Metlerkamp

Knysna en ons Ringgids Christiaan “blik” Swart.

Belangstelling was nie net deur Klublede en deelneemers nie maar dit was sommer ‘n lekker familie uitstappie in ‘n

pragtige omgewing waar daar geskou en gekuier is.

In die Senior Koei klas was daar 8 inskrywings wat gewen is deur Poelakke Boerdery 6157 “Jurie Giliomee” tweede Solderskraal Boerdery “Altus en Anandi Brooks” met 0710 Iatola, derde” Pierre Human” met 402 Sanbow Rueben. Oom Ernst Conradie het met ‘n 11 jaar oue koei,

112 Lasso eervolle vermelding ontvang.

Jong Koei gewen deur Solderskraal Boerdery 0829 Charismatic, tweede Solderskraal met 0861 Fancourt en

derde Solderskraal 0834 Showtime.

Junior Koei gewen deur Poelakke Boerdery met 915 Shane, tweede was Pierre Human met 934, Mecca

Vers klas Gewen deur Johannes Uys met 1018 Exploid, Tweede, Pierre Human met 0022 Legand Bummer, Derde

Johan du Toit ‘Fedmis’ met 1055, Boesman.

Die Groot Kampioen koei is geskou deur Jurie Giliomee van Poelakke Boerdery met 6157, Reserwe Kampioen

0861 Fancourt van Solderskraal Boerdery van Altus en Anandi Brooks .

Net haltermak, skoon gewas, glad nie geskeer nie en ook nie nodig om geregisteer te wees nie, moet net ‘n

uier, stert en lyf hê.

Baie dankie vir Johan Ackerman vir die neem van die fotos en Liohan en Jurie Giliomee vir al die reëlings.

OvERBERGmini skou


P O E N A V A N N I E K E R K

Wat maak ouers met hulle kinders gedurende die lang Desember vakansie? Agt weke by die see klink na ‘n opsie, net jammer die bankbestuurder dink nie dat dit ‘n baie goeie idee is nie!! Op Brandfort het ‘n “Jeugskou Ouma” (Susan van Niekerk) besluit om ‘n Jeugskou kamp te hou in die eerste week van die Desember vakansie. Tot die groot vreugde van al die mammas in die distrik, is die kinders vir ‘n week

lank besig gehou.

Met die intrapslag moes elkeen van die kinders ‘n vers uitsoek in die trop verse van Omikron Boerdery. Die groot kinders is aan hulle eie lot oorgelaat om hierdie ongeleerde verse te vang en touwys te maak. Ouma het die kleiner kinders gehelp, sy wou nie te veel kinders met gebreekte arms huis toe stuur nie. Elkeen het ‘n vers gekry wat by sy grootte pas. Dit is een van eerste beginsels van Jeugskou, die vers moet nie te groot of te klein wees vir die hanteerder nie.

Al die kinders het ook ‘n deeglike opleiding gekry in die teoretiese gedeelte van Jeugskou en daar is tot watter tyd in die nag geleer aan die handleiding. Die kamp is op ‘n hoogte punt afgesluit met ‘n braai en dans vir die kinders. Dit was egter nie die einde gewees nie. Die week voor die skole begin het, is daar proewe gehou vir die kies van die Suid Vrystaat Jeugskou span om deel te neem aan die Nasionale Jersey Jeugskou Kampioenskappe in April. Glaudine-Mari Strauss was die beoordelaar wat hierdie moeilike taak moes verrig.

Die span wat die kamp bygewoon het: Voor: Nelia Marx. Tweede Ry: Frans Marx, Suzanne Marx, Antonie Marx. Derde Ry: Hesri Marx, Comien van Niekerk, Anke Marx, Chrisna Marx. Agter: Daniel van Niekerk, Deseree

van Niewenhuizen, Van Zyl Naude. Dane Steyn was afwesig.

Suid-VrystaatHOU JEUGSKOUKAMP


Elke kind moes sy eie bees uitsoek en touwys maak. Hier help van die groter kinders die nuwelinge.

Die beste manier om ‘n vers haltermak te maak is om haar met ‘n stewige halter vas te maak en

haar te borsel. Die beginsel is dat die vers aan die hanteerder gewoon moet raak en aan die idee van ‘n

halter aan haar kop.

Die stryd is halpad gewone!! Hier is die verse op die stadium dat hulle stil staan as hulle halters aan het. Die groot werk volg nou om hierdie verse te leer om

te stap en haar self te vertoon.

Daar moes gerus word ook, want Desember maand in die Vrystaat kan warm word.

Hier spog die skoolhoof van Brandfort saam met sy skool se kinders wat die Jeugskou kamp bygewoon het en wat gekies is om die Suid-Vrystaat

te verteenwoordig tydens die Nasionale Jersey Jeugskou.

Kinders onder beoordeling tydens die proewe

Die enigste ongeval vir die Kamp, Dane Steyn. Nee dit was nie ‘n bees nie, maar dit kom daarvan om in ‘n modderdam te duik!!

Hier volg ‘n fotobeeld van die vakansie se verigtinge:


R A Y V E R S T E R & J A N N I E N E L

The total number of Jerseys- 82 958 REGISTERED – and - 76150 commercial Total 169108 Average kgs/liters milk production 5975kg or 19.1litres per day, 4.68% butterfat 3.77% protein 8.45% Total Milk Solids Average lactation 305 days, Total number of Jersey semen used per year? – [244 396 doses/straws 2011.] – [243588 doses/straws for 2010]


Jersey Canada


K A T H R Y N K Y L E , G E N E R A L M A N A G E R

Jersey CanadaIncreasing Profitability and Enhancing the Footprint

Jersey Canada’s mission statement reads, “Jer-sey Canada exists to increase the profitability of Jersey owners and to enhance the footprint of Canadian Jerseys.”

For Jersey Canada, 2011 was a very successful year as Jerseys continue to gain a stronger and stronger foothold at home and around the globe.

Increasing ProfitabilityOver the past decade, the number of membership-holders with Jersey Canada has sky rocketed, with notable growth in the provinces of Quebec and Ontario. During this time, the trend has been for herds of other breeds to introduce Jerseys to the mix. Often herds will start with just two or three Jerseys, and before too long the herd is either 50%

Jersey, or in some cases a complete conversion over to Jerseys has taken place.

The primary appeal for Jerseys within Canada is her high-component milk. Canadian dairy producers are com-pensated based on a multiple component pricing system, regulated under a Supply Management program. What this all boils down to, is that dairy producers are paid based on the number of kilograms of butterfat produced, and the Jersey offers an efficient and economical means of producing milk solids.

Using the Canadian pricing structure set out by milk mar-keting boards in Canada, Jersey milk is valued at $93.55 per hectolitre. Compare that with our national industry average of $80.87 per hectolitre (based on April 2011 milk prices in Ontario, before deductions). The Jersey`s higher


cies. In 2006, 33% of Jersey Canada registrations were received electronically. The percentage of electronically filed Jersey registrations in Canada has more than dou-bled in 2011 to 68%. As more and more members choose to register their calves electronically, the Jersey Canada registry team is able to process registrations quickly, and have a more accurate snapshot of the Canadian Jersey herd.

Canadian Jersey genetics continue to make an impact internationally as well. During 2011, live Jersey animals were exported from Canada to Brazil, Colombia, France, Mexico, Russia, and the United States of America. The appetite for Canadian embryos continues to be strong, as countries like Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Finland, Japan, Korea, Mexico, USA and Ukraine added Canadian Jersey embryos to their tanks.

The activity at the Jersey Canada registry desk is proof positive that Jerseys continue to gain a stronger and stronger foothold in the Canadian dairy industry. As the number of registered Jerseys continues to increase across the country, Jersey Canada looks forward with great an-ticipation to the many new opportunities which lie ahead in 2012!

Looking AheadJersey Canada has jumped head-first into 2012 with ambi-tious marketing goals. Our national breed journal, The Canadian Jersey Breeder, received a facelift in the early part of the year, and the www.jerseycanada.com website is presently being overhauled and redesigned. Nationally, Jersey Canada has a goal of increasing the number of fe-males in the country with a genomic evaluation. Interna-tionally, Jersey Canada is continually working to develop markets for Canadian Jersey genetics abroad.

concentration of solids simply means that Jersey milk is worth more in the Canadian market.

Canadian Jerseys also boast an efficient reproductive life. They average just 1.8 breedings per cow, and a 56-Day Non-Return Rate of 68% - which is 7% better than the na-tional industry average. Jerseys reach breeding age 8 weeks sooner than Holsteins, and 4 weeks sooner than the industry average, with the average Jersey being bred at the age of 15.5 months. As a result, many dairy herds with chronic conception issues have turned to Canadian Jersey genetics to increase the productivity of their herd.

For examples of the outstanding productivity of Jerseys in Canada, consider the following indi-viduals, and their most recent records completed during 2011:

Mature Cow (10+ Years):

REXLEA JUDE HELSA SUP-EX 92-5E 13 11 12557 510 4.06% 421 3.35% (BCA 420, 325, 373)

Mature Cow (5-9 Years):

SPRUCE AVENUE C BOBBY VG 876 10 13082 725 5.54% 475 3.63% (BCA 373, 386, 357)

Four Year Old: HAUTPRE BT FLEECY-ET VG 864 10 11852 598 5.05% 439 3.70% (BCA 377, 348, 369)

Three Year Old: CHAMPTE TYLER GREACE VG 873 5 14280 683 4.78% 531 3.72% (BCA 466, 407, 458)

Two Year Old: HAUTPRE LEGACY FATE VG 872 0 8427 499 5.91% 353 4.19% (BCA 330, 367, 364)

Yearling:

HAUTPRE SULTAN FRANCE-ET VG 861 11 10496 516 4.92% 374 3.56% (BCA 419, 385, 394)

Enhancing the FootprintThanks in part to a surge in registrations at year-end; in 2011 Jersey Canada processed the most registrations in over four decades. During December alone, a whopping 895 registrations were processed, bringing the 2011 total to 8445 Jerseys registered for the year – 88 more registrations than 2010. This was the most registrations processed since 1968.

There has been a significant increase in electronic registra-tions over the past five years, as Jersey Canada members take advantage of the efficiency which comes from filing their registrations online, or through milk recording agen-


Delegation 8th February 2012 Zambian

On the 8th February 2012 a delegation of Zambian officials arrived, to view their order of Jersey heifers, destined for export to Zambia. The delegation arrived for a briefing and fact finding mission after an invitation

from Mr Ray Verster, Jersey SA Breed Director, was sent out to many SADEC Officials, NGO’S and Humanitarian Foundations.

Choosing the best of the best on a “Vrystaat plaas”An “African” model was created by Renier van Vuuren and Ray Verster which includes a full “backup” service, semen is to be supplied through Genetic Breeders Zambia by Taurus and Xseed as well as pregnancy testing kits, a vetinarary service and a 24/7 technical “helpline”. Training courses from DE LAVAL, TAURUS and JERSEY SA are also being negotiated. Animals will remain fully registered through Genetic Breeders Zambia, SA Studbook and Jersey SA.

From Left to right:Dr Nyirongo Johns - Genetic Breeders Zambia, Kudu van Vuuren - Director Genetic Breeders Zambia, Dr Sitima Almond - Senior

Vetenarian Vetenirary Dept Zambia, Ray Verster –Breed Director Jersey SA, Likando Mukumbuta – YAPTA Youth and Investment Trust

of Zambia, Jack Shuma – Diector - Genetic Breeders Zambia.

The group was given a tour of the Jersey SA offices as well as SA Studbook and a Jersey farm.

The Long Trip via Botswana included the heifers’ first Ferry Ride.


The animals arrive at their destination and are welcomed and applauded.

Settling in and filling the old rumen.

The Trip was a great success, no casualties.Jersey SA is currently negotiating possible export deals with Botswana, Zambia, Tanzania, Kenya and Sudan, Mozambique, and Mauritius and many other countries.


SA StamboekBIED DIE VOLLEDIGE DIERE-AANTEKENING PAKKET

AAN VIR DIE MELKBOER

• SA Stamboek dien die volle spektrum van diereverbetering, vanaf basiese geboorte-aantekening, stambome, produksiemeting, stoetbehoeftes, doelwitformulering, bestuursverslae en genetiese verbetering

• Dienste en produkte sluit die volgende en meer in:- Alle veld- en datadienste gekoppel aan diere-

aantekening en –verbetering (geneties en bestuursaanpassings) vir vleis-, melk-, kleinvee- en varkprodusente.

- Kursusse, opleiding en tegnologie-oordrag.- Navorsing, produkontwikkeling en nagraadse

opleiding in diereteelt in samewerking met die Universiteit van Pretoria en ander tersiêre instellings.

- Bestuurs-, administratiewe, tegniese- en vakkundige hulp en dienste aan telersgenootskappe.

- Veekundige-professionele dienste en ontledings aan telersgenootskappe, rasse en individue.

- Kwaliteitsbeheer en diensverskaffing by die in- en uitvoer van teeldiere.

- Direkte hulp en mentorskap aan ontwikkelende veeboere.

- Verteenwoordiging van lede op internasionale liggame en deelname aan globale navorsing- en ontwikkelingsprojekte

• Dienste en verslae geniet internasionale erkenning en het ICAR (International Committee for Animal Recording) akkreditasie.

• SA Stamboek, die eiendom van die stoetbedryf in Suid-Afrika sedert 1905. Deelnemers het dus eienaarskap en direkte inspraak in beleid, dienste en behoeftes van gebruikers, begrotings en fooie.

• Stamboek is die enigste eg-Suid-Afrikaanse liggaam wat ´n volledige een-stop koste-effektiewe diens aan die veebedryf lewer, stoet en kommersieel.

• Die Bestuurstruktuur funksioneer deur ’n Raad (bestaande uit agt stoettelers, gekies deur verteenwoordigers van telersgenootskappe op die AJV).

• Pasmaak-eie Suid-Afrikaanse bestuursverslae met eie keuse van kuddes om mee te vergelyk (benchmark) wat die melkboer op die pad van wins hou.

Kontakbesonderhede:Dr. Pierre van Rooyen - [email protected] Tel: 051 4100900 | Webblad: www.studbook.co.za

(Voorbeelde van bestuursverslae met erkenning aan produsent: G J van Rensburg)

68 Jersey • Maart 2012Jersey • Maart 201268

Review of published Scientific LiteratureNutritional changes upon Germination & Sprouting Chavan and Kadam (1989) concluded that -“The desirable nutritional changes that occur during sprouting are mainly due to the breakdown of complex compounds into a more simple form, transformation into essential constituents, and breakdown of nutritionally undesirable constituents.”“The metabolic activity of resting seeds increases as soon as they are hydrated during soaking. Complex biochemical changes occur during hydration and subsequent sprouting. The reserve chemical constituents, such as protein, starch and lipids, are broken down by enzymes into simple compounds that are used to make new compounds.”“Sprouting grains causes increased activities of hydrolytic enzymes, improvements in the contents of total proteins, fat, certain essential amino acids, total sugars, B-group vitamins, and a decrease in dry matter, starch and anti-nutrients. Improvements in amino acid composition, B-group vitamins, sugars, protein and starch digestibilities, and decrease in phytates and protease inhibitors are the metabolic effects of the sprouting process.”

Increases in Plant Enzyme contentAccording to the highly respected naturopath and herbalist Isabell Shipard (Shipard, 2005) -“Sprouts are a tremendous source of (plant) digestive enzymes. Enzymes act as biological catalysts needed for the complete digestion of protein, carbohydrates & fats.The physiology of vitamins, minerals and trace elements is also dependant on enzyme activity.”“Being eaten whilst extremely young, “alive” and rapidly developing, sprouts have been acclaimed as the “most enzyme-rich food on the planet”. Estimates suggest there can be up to 100 times more enzymes in sprouts than in fruit and vegetables, depending on the particular type of enzyme and the variety of seed being sprouted. The period of greatest enzyme activity in sprouts is generally between germination and 7 days of age.”“Grains and legume seeds of all plants contain abundant enzymes. However, while grains and seeds are dry, enzymes are largely inactive, due to enzyme inhibitors, until given moisture to activate germination. It is these inhibitors that enable many seeds to last for years in soil without deteriorating, whilst waiting for moisture. Heating, cooking and grinding processes can also inactivate certain

digestive enzymes within grains and seeds. Fortunately, during germination and sprouting of grains and seeds, many enzyme inhibitors are effectively neutralized, whilst at the same time the activity of beneficial plant digestive enzymes is greatly enhanced.”

Increases in Crude Protein contentMorgan et al. (1992) found that -“The protein content of sprouts increased from the time of germination, The absorption of nitrates facilitates the metabolism of nitrogenous compounds from carbohydratereserves, thus increasing crude protein levels.”

Increases in Protein QualityChavan and Kadam (1989) stated -“Very complex qualitative changes are reported to occur during soaking and sprouting of seeds. The conversion of storage proteins of cereal grains into albumins and globulins during sprouting may improve the quality of cereal proteins. Many studies have shown an increase in the content of the amino acid Lysine with sprouting.”“An increase in proteolytic activity during sprouting is desirable for nutritional improvement of cereals because it leads to hydrolysis of prolamins and the liberated amino acids such as glutamic and proline are converted to limiting amino acids such as lysine.”

Increases in Crude Fibre contentCuddeford (1989), based on data obtained by Peer and Leeson (1985), stated -“In sprouted barley, crude fibre, a major constituent of cell walls, increases both in percentage and real terms, with the synthesis of structural carbohydrates, such as cellulose and hemicellulose”. Chung et al. (1989) found that the fibre content increased from 3.75% in unsprouted barley seed to 6% in 5-day sprouts.”

Increases in Essential Fatty AcidsAn increase in lipase activity has been reported in barley by MacLeod and White (1962), as cited by Chavan and Kadam (1989). Increased lipolytic activity during germination and sprouting causes hydrolysis of triacylglycerols to glycerol and constituent fatty acids.

Increases in Vitamin contentAccording to Chavan and Kadam (1989), most reports agree that sprouting treatment of cereal grains generally improves their vitamin value, especially the B-group vitamins. Certain vitamins such as ß-tocopherol (Vitamin-E) and ß-carotene (Vitamin-A precursor) are produced during

Nutritional benefitsOF HYdROPONICALLY SPROUTEd GRAINS FOR ANIMAL FEEdING

69Jersey • Maart 2012Jersey • Maart 2012 69

the growth process (Cuddeford, 1989).Vitamin analysis based on single 6-day grass samples (mg/kg DM) Barley GRAIN Barley GRASSVitamin-E 7.4 62.4Beta-Carotene 4.1 42.7Biotin 0.16 1.15Free Folic Acid 0.12 1.05Source: Cuddeford (1989).According to Shipard (2005) -“Sprouts provide a good supply of Vitamins A, E & C plus B complex. Like enzymes, vitamins serve as bioactive catalysts to assist in the digestion and metabolism of feeds and the release of energy. They are also essential for the healing and repair of cells.However, vitamins are very perishable, and in general, the fresher the feeds eaten, the higher the vitamin content. The vitamin content of some seeds can increase by up to 20 times their original value within several days of sprouting. Mung Bean sprouts have B vitamin increases, compared to the dry seeds, of - B1 up 285%, B2 up 515%, B3 up 256. Compared with mature plants, sprouts can yield vitamin contents 30 times higher.”

Chelation of MineralsShipard (2005) claims that - “When seeds are sprouted, minerals chelate or merge with protein, in a way that increases their function.”

Reduction of Anti-Nutritional FactorsPhytic Acid occurs primarily in the seed coats and germ of plant seeds. It forms insoluble or nearly insoluble compounds with minerals including Calcium, Iron, Magnesium and Zinc, such that they cannot be effectively absorbed into the blood. Diets high in phytic acid and poor in these minerals produce mineral deficiency symptoms in experimental animals (Gontzea and Sutzescu, 1958, as cited in Chavan and Kadam, 1989). The latter authors state that the sprouting of cereals has been reported to decrease levels of Phytic Acid. Similarly, Shipard (2005) states that enzymes of germination and sprouting have the ability to eliminate detrimental substances such as Phytic Acid.

Cattle Feeding Trial in WATudor et al. (2003) examined the feeding of hydroponically sprouted barley on a property in the Gascoyne Pilbara region of Western Australia, involving 17 Droughtmaster steers (15 – 18 months old and averaging 330 kg liveweight) which received low quality hay and barley sprouts over 70 days. These workers reported -“Over the first 48 days cattle ate 1.9 kg DM/head/day of sprouts (15.4 kg wet weight) and 3.1 kg DM/head/day of poor quality hay and gained 1.01 kg/head/day. Energy intake was 47 MJME/head/day, which was considered by nutrition standards to only be sufficient for low weight gains of up to 200g/head/day. This high performance could not be explained by energy and protein intakes.”“Traditional nutritional standards for feeding beef cattle cannot explain the liveweight gain observed. There was no obvious weight gain due to gut fill or compensatory growth.

The better-than-expected performance may be associated with the readily available nutrients and associated enzymes in the 6-7 day old fodder being very rapidly utilised by the animal, immediately they are formed. They may not be included by the assay when in vitro DM digestibility is being measured. These nutrients could result in enhanced microbial activity and growth in the rumen, and consequently, better than expected utilisation of the poor quality hay that was also fed. Therefore, the fermentation of the young hydroponically sprouted barley may have provided far greater energy than was estimated by the in vitro DM digestibility assay.”

ReferencesChavan, J. and Kadam, S.S. (1989). “Nutritional improvement of cereals by sprouting.” Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 28(5): 401-437.

Chung, T., Nwokolo, E.N., and Sim, J.S. (1989). “Compositional and digestibility changes in sprouted barley and canola seeds.” Plant Foods for Human Nutrition 39: 267-278.

Cuddeford, D. (1989). “Hydroponic grass.” In Practice 11(5): 211-214.

Morgan, J., Hunter, R.R., and O’Haire, R. (1992). “Limiting factors in hydroponic barley grass production.” 8th International Congress on Soilless Culture, Hunter’s Rest, South Africa.

Peer, D.J., and Leeson, S. (1985). “Feeding value of hydroponically sprouted barley for poultry and pigs.” Animal Feed Science and Technology 13: 183-190.

Shipard, I. (2005). “How Can I Grow and Use Sprouts as Living Food ?” Stewart Publishing.

Tudor, G., Darcy, T., Smith, P., and Shallcross, F. (2003). “The intake and liveweight change of droughtmaster steers fed hydroponically grown, young sprouted barley fodder (Autograss).” Department of Agriculture Western Australia.


StellenboschLANdBOUSTUdENTE BESOEK AAN SUIdPLAAS JERSEYS

Die Jaarlikse studente besoek van die Stellenbosch Universiteit se Landbou studente aan Suidplaas Jerseys het weer op 2 Feb 2012 plaasgevind.Hulle is bekend gestel aan die Jersey Ras

deur Johannes Uys en Charl Cillié wat hulle ook meer vertel het oor die funksionele bouvorm van die Jersey. Pieter Steenkamp van Afgri (voeding) , Christiaan Swart van Ecolab (Stal Higiene) en Werner Brand van Logix het met hulle gesels oor hul onderskeie produkte.

Hulle besoek ook later die dag die Bakoondshoogte Stoet van Danie de Wet in Swellendam distrik waar hulle praktiese koei evalueering moet doen oor dit wat hulle die oggend geleer is. Die beste student was me. Tersia Needham, maar die ander het nie ver teruggestaan nie.Fotos van studente by Danie de Wet, Twee geslagte De Wet’s Nico en Danie, Koeie uit Bakoondshoogte kudde en Francois vd Vyver van Stellenbosch Univer en Tersia Needham

Jersey • Maart 2012...Jersey • Maart 2012 9 9 South Africa has the lowest genetic correlation...

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