Jeremy Bird Marrakech, - aaainitiative.org · Jeremy Bird Marrakech, 29 September 2016 Adapt and...
Transcript of Jeremy Bird Marrakech, - aaainitiative.org · Jeremy Bird Marrakech, 29 September 2016 Adapt and...
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Jeremy BirdMarrakech, 29 September 2016
Adapt and Mitigate: Examples from IWMI’s work on water related climate challenges in Africa
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Ø 62%ofpopulationinSSAisreliantonagriculturefortheirlivelihoods
Ø ~ 80%aresmallholdersandalargeproportionwomenduetourbanmalemigration
Ø Productioniscurrentlylow,dependentonvariablerainfallleadingtohighlevelsofvulnerability(e.g.80%inWestAfrica)
Ø Landdegradationissignificantcompromisingfutureproductivecapacityandecosystemservices
Ø InvestmentinagriculturecanaddressmultipleSDGs(food,nutrition,poverty,etc.)
Agriculturallivelihoodsandclimatechange
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Ø Adaptationwillbringimmediatebenefitsandreducetheimpactsofclimatechange
Ø Adaptationisfundamentallyaboutriskmanagement
Ø Adaptationexperience inAfricaisgrowing
Ø Africastandstobenefitfromintegrated climateadaptation,mitigationanddevelopmentapproaches
Ø Internationalcooperationisvital
AdaptationfocusofIPCC
Source:IPCCAR5
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Towardsclimateandwatersmartagriculture
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Ø Encourage productivity increases and multiple cropping
Ø Redress land degradation and lost fertility
Ø Requires a landscape (watershed) approach
Movingalongthepathwayfromrainfed toirrigated
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Source:McCartney&Smakhtin2010
Considerallformsofstoragetoincreaseresilience
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Smallreservoirscanincreaseresilience–havemultipleuses
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ØGroundwaterreservesinAfricaare20timesstorageinlakes
Ø Pumpscouldbenefit185millionpeoplewithUSD22bnvalue
ØButknowledgebaseandmeansofaccesslacking
ØHowsustainable?
SignificantgroundwaterpotentialexistsinAfrica
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Tanzania– frombuckettopump– facilitatingentryintotheirrigationmarket
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Scopefornewtechnology
WettingFrontDetector(productivityandefficiency)
SolarPumps(accessandmitigationpotential)
Photocredit:PetraSchmitter/IWMI.
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Improvedlivelihoods– morethanjustwater
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§ Insub-SaharanAfricamorethan60%ofallfemaleemploymentisinagriculture.
§ yetwomenlackaccesstofinance,inputs,extensionservicesandinformation
§ lessthan5%ofmotorpumpownersarefemale
§ Urbanmalemigrationandageingpopulationisleadingtothefeminizationofsmallholderagriculture
ImportanceoftargetingwomeninAWMsolutions
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Nutritionbenefitsofsmallscaleirrigation
Ethiopia Tanzania
Non-irrigatorsn=185
Irrigatorsn=284
Non-irrigatorsn=224
Irrigatorsn=227
Mean Mean Mean MeanHouseholdfoodinsecurityaccessscale,0-27[highermeansworse]
5.78 4.04 3.92 2.58
Femaledietarydiversityscore:numberofcategoriesconsumed
3.69 3.58 3.71 4.20
Householddietarydiversity:numberoffoodcategoriesconsumed
5.69 6.06 4.88 5.63
Source: IFPRI, statisticallysignificantchangesinred )
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1. GroundwaterandFoodSecurity
2. GroundwaterforSustainableDevelopment
3. Groundwater,WaterSecurityandClimateChangeAdaptation
4. GroundwaterandEnergy
5. TransboundaryAquifers
6. GroundwaterGovernance
GroundwaterSolutionsInitiativeforPolicyandPractice(GRIPP)
Picturecredit:FraserSugden
Themes
Picturecredit:Petterik Wiggers
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Whatarethegovernanceoptionsavailablefor
differentcontexts,andhowcanwemakethemwork?
Outputs:• Regionaldialogueongroundwatergovernance
• Aparticipatoryapproachtotheco-constructionofsolutions
• Knowledge productsongroundwater governance
Partners:IWMI,ICBA
LRBA(Lebanon)INRGREF(Tunisia)
UniversityofJordanLISODE(France)
Consultants
PromotingdialogueongroundwatergovernanceintheMENAregion
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Theopportunity• Carbonmitigation– replacing130,000
GWofelectricanddieseltubewells• Watersavings– incentivizethrough
feed-intarifftosellexcesselectricitytogrid
Triplewins:• Reductioningreenhousegas
emissions• Sustainableuseofgroundwater• Higherincometofarmers
Solarirrigation– willaquiferlevelskeepdeclining?…oristhereanopportunitytorecover?
Feedexcesselectricityintogrid
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Engagementinregionalinitiativesandnewapproachestoirrigatedagriculture
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20
TowardstheSDGagenda– needforintegration
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NexusofFoodsecurity,Irrigatedagriculture,Waterresources
Pilot study in Uganda –how will the framework of SDG indicators and linkages between them actually deliver on sustainability?
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2003 2009 2014
Rapidurbanizationandindustrialization: areourconventionaldevelopmentmodelscoping?
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Wasteandpoorwaterqualityrisksmarginalizingdevelopmentgains– health,nutrition,emissions,
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Peri-urbanagriculture– asignificantcontribution
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HeatherPurshouse,GrattanMaslin;IWMI,unpublishedKathmandu Valley
Needtolookatwastedifferently
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WASTE:Exploringbusinessmodelstorecovernutrients-thecirculareconomy
FecalSludgeManagementandAgriculturalReuse
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Anapproachtodevelopthetechnical,policyandinvestmentconditionstoachievesustainableagriculturaldevelopmentforfoodsecurityunderclimatechange.
Ø Sustainablyincreasingagriculturalproductivityandincomes
Ø Adaptingandbuildingresiliencetoclimatechange
Ø Reducingand/orremovinggreenhousegasemission,wherepossible.
DimensionsofClimateSmartAgriculture
FAO, 2013
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Ø ContinentwideinitiativeonAfricaSoilInformationService (ICRAF)
Ø Oneacrefundtoprovideservicesto180,000farmersinEasternAfrica;Indiaplanningtosupport3Msoilanalysesover3years
Ø 4per1000initiativesignedatCOP21toincreaseglobalsoilcarbonstocks (CIAT)
Ø Potentialfor265milliontCO2peryearupto2030tobeharnessed(throughcroplandmanagement,grazinglandmanagementandtherestorationofdegradedlands).(FAO,2012:23).
Improvingproductivityofsoilsandquantifyingcarboncapture
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Pilotingspatialdatabasedinformationsystemsforsmallholders
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Uniting agriculture and nature for poverty reduction
§ Based on remote sensing and global hydrological models to better understand state of water resources, issues and challenges/opportunities
§ Contextualizes water accounting by including sustainability and ecosystem services dimensions
§ Allows users to understand impacts and trade-offs of different interventions
www.wateraccounting.org
Water accounting plus – understanding the status of water resources
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Uniting agriculture and nature for poverty reduction
Index-based flood insurance – partnership with the insurance industry
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Ø SmallscaleirrigationcontinuestogrowinSSAbutslowlyØ SSIhaspotentialforwiderbenefitsbeyondyieldsandincomeif
climateresilience,health,nutrition,andgenderconsiderationsareactivelypromoted,
Ø Needssupportforinputandoutputmarkets,credit,insurance,timelyinformation,institutionalandregulatoryreform
Ø Needtoassessthebasin/aquiferscaleconsequencesofexpandingCSAsolutions
Ø Reinforcefarmersownadaptationstrategieswithinnovationsinscienceandtechnology(cropvarietiesandlivestockbreeds,efficientwaterstorageandmanagement,ecosystembasedapproaches,etc.)
Somereflections
Source:IPCCAR5
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Ø Identifyinstitutionalhometosupportsmallscaleandsupplementaryirrigationtechnologiesandsupportservices(oftenfallsbetweenagricultureandirrigation/wateragencies)
Ø Clarifyingthebusinessmodelandincentivestructures(smallholder,PPP,…)
Ø Removegenderdisparitiesinregulatoryandadministrativeprocesses
Ø Improvingaccesstocredit
Ø Raiseawarenessandbuildcapacityoffarmers(particularlywomen)andagencystaff
Overcomingbarriers
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Sustainable solutions for people and societies
CGIARWater,LandandEcosystemsResearchProgram
www.iwmi.orghttps://wle.cgiar.org/