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Genetic Variation

Forces of GeneticChange

NaturalSelection

SpeciationMechanismsof Isolation

Final Jeopardy

The major source of new alleles in natural populations.

What is Mutation?

These are characters that are influenced by several genes.

What is polygenic?

This is another term for “bell curve.”

What is normal distribution?

This is made up of the particular combination of alleles in a

population at any one point in time.

What is a gene pool?

This is the proportion of homozygous dominant,

heterozygous, and homozygous recessive individuals in a

population.

What is genotype frequency?

When genes are added to or removed from a population.

What is gene flow?

This is the result of limits or preferences of mate choice.

What is nonrandom mating?

This results in alleles for particular traits, which are not

favorable, becoming less frequent.

What is natural selection?

When frequencies of alleles and genotypes in a population do not

change, it is called this.

What is Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

When the number of individuals in a population greatly decreases

due to a catastrophic event it causes a drastic reduction in the

variation of a gene pool.

What is genetic bottle neck?

This is an indirect force from the environment that can only act on

phenotypes.

What is natural selection?

The bell-curve shape becomes narrower, in other words,

selection eliminates individuals that have alleles for any extreme

type.

What is stabilizing selection?

An example of this pattern is pesticide resistance in insects.

What is directional selection?

Birth weight of babies is an example of this pattern.

What is stabilizing selection?

In this case, forces act to eliminate individuals with average phenotype values.

What is disruptive selection?

This has occurred when the net effects of evolutionary forces result in a population that has

unique features and is reproductively isolated.

What is speciation?

A group of natural populations that can interbreed is a specific

definition referred to as this.

What is the biological species concept?

The state in which two populations can no longer

interbreed to produce future offspring.

What is reproductive isolation?

This is a population that has taken a step toward

speciation by diverging in some detectable way.

What is a subspecies?

This is when a physical barrier acts to isolate populations and

prevent interbreeding.

What is geography?

The peacock is an example of

using this mechanism for reproductive

isolation.

What is mating behavior?

This isolation mechanism is when populations of the same species take on different roles

within an environment.

What is ecological niche?

This can be observed in many plant species, and is when an

organisms receives a duplicate set of chromosomes by accident.

What is polyploidy?

This is the name given to the offspring when two closely

related species mate.

What are hybrids?

In addition to natural selection, this is a result of environmental change.

What is extinction?

Final Jeopardy

The process of natural selection is a result of three facts. Identify

those three facts.

1. All populations have genetic variation.

2. Individuals tend to produce more offspring than the environment can support.

3. All populations depend upon the reproduction of individuals.