Jenny Hand CIRA Acadia National Park, ME 19892008 Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual...
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Transcript of Jenny Hand CIRA Acadia National Park, ME 19892008 Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual...
Jenny HandCIRA
Acadia National Park, ME1989 2008
Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments
(IMPROVE)
Caney Creek AR2001 2008
• The IMPROVE program is a cooperative measurement effort designed to– establish current visibility and aerosol conditions in mandatory
Class I areas;
– identify chemical species and emission sources responsible for existing anthropogenic and natural visibility impairment;
– document long-term trends for assessing progress towards the national visibility goal;
– and, with the enactment of the Regional Haze Rule, provide regional haze monitoring representing all Class I areas where practical.
IMPROVE
• 1987: Monitoring began at ~30 sites
• 2000: Expansion of network to 159 sites in support of the Regional Haze Rule
• 2011: 170 operating and 42 discontinued sites
Cohutta GA2002 2008
Big Bend National Park
IMPROVE Monitoring Site
IMPROVE Algorithm
Major Contributors
bext (Mm-1) = 3.0 * f(rh)* [Sulfate]+
3.0 * f(rh)*[Nitrate] +
4.0 * [Organic] +
1.7 *fSS(rh)*[Sea Salt] +
1.0 * [Soil] +
0.6 * [Coarse Mass] +
10.0 * [Elemental Carbon] +
Rayleigh ScatteringDeciview = 10*ln(bext/10)
dv ~ 0 for pristine conditions
2004–2008 Annual Mean DeciviewAmmonium sulfateAmmonium nitrateOrganic carbonElemental carbonSoilSea salt
Regional Haze Rule Progress
Moore and Copeland, 2011, IMPROVE Report V
IMPROVE V Report Highlights
• 1989–2008; 2000–2008
• Sulfate, Nitrate, Total Carbon, Soil, PM2.5, Coarse Mass, PM10
TRENDS:
Temporal trends are important for determining whether emission mitigation strategies are effective in meeting goals for improving air quality, and for use in evaluating model results that estimate the effects of aerosols on climate change.
IMPROVE V Report Highlights
San Gorgonio CA
1989 2008 SAGO1, -3.5 % yr-1
What is causing increasing sulfate concentrations during spring in the West?
Wheeler Peak NM
2001 2008WHPE1, 5.1 % yr-1
• Integration of data from EPA’s urban Chemical Speciation Network (CSN)
IMPROVE V Report Highlights
IMPROVE V Report Highlights
IMPROVECSN
Ammonium sulfateAmmonium nitrateOrganic carbonElemental carbonSoilSea salt
Urban Excess: Ammonium Sulfate
RURAL (IMPROVE) URBAN (IMPROVE+CSN)
URBAN/RURAL
Urban Excess: Elemental Carbon
RURAL (IMPROVE) URBAN (IMPROVE+CSN)
URBAN/RURAL
IMPROVE Report V is available online:
http://vista.cira.colostate.edu/improve/Publications/Reports/2011/2011.htm
Urban Excess: Ammonium Nitrate
RURAL (IMPROVE) URBAN (IMPROVE+CSN)
URBAN/RURAL
Urban Excess: Particulate Organic Matter
RURAL (IMPROVE) URBAN (IMPROVE+CSN)
URBAN/RURAL
Baltimore, Birmingham, Fresno, New York City, Phoenix, Puget Sound, and Washington, D.C., for 2005–2008
CSN and IMPROVE Comparisons
Baltimore, Birmingham, Fresno, New York City, Phoenix, Puget Sound, and Washington, D.C., for 2005–2008
CSN and IMPROVE Comparisons