Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 18...3rdDeclension Adjectives: Forming • to decline 3rddecl....
Transcript of Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 18...3rdDeclension Adjectives: Forming • to decline 3rddecl....
Jenney’s First Year LatinLesson 18
1. Lesson 18 Vocabulary2. 3rd Declension Adjectives
3. Ablative of Accompaniment
Lesson 18 Vocabulary
acer, acris, acre
fierce, sharp
celer, celeris, celere
swift
brevis, breve
short
facilis, facile
easy
fortis, forte
brave
gravis, grave
heavy, severe, serious
omnis, omne
all, every
similis, simile
like, similar
audāx, audācis
daring, bold
potēns, potentis
powerful
Brittanus, Brittana, Brittanum
British
Gallus, Galla, Gallum
Gallic
Trōiānus, Trōiāna, Trōiānum
Trojan
3rd Declension Adjectives
Declension of Adjectives
• just like nouns belong to a declension, so do adjectives
• we have seen 1st & 2nd decl. adj. already (2-1-2), e.g.:
– magnus, magna, magnum
– miser, misera, miserum
– pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum
• adj. can also belong to the 3rd declension
3rd Declension Adjectives
• there are THREE types of 3rd declension adjectives:
1. 3 Termination, e.g.: celer, celeris, celere – swift
2. 2 Termination, e.g.: omnis, omne – all, every
3. 1 Termination, e.g.: audāx, audācis – bold, daring
• the number of terminations indicates the number of different nominative forms of the adj.
3rd Declension Adjectives: Forming
• to decline 3rd decl. adj., find the stem & add endings
Finding the Stem:
• for 3 and 2 terminations, go to the nom. sg. fem. form and drop the ending (-is)
• for 1 termination, go to the gen. sg. form (2nd form) and drop the ending (-is)
• in short, drop the –is from the form that has it in the dictionary entry and you’ll have your stem
3rd Declension Adjectives: Forming
• to decline 3rd decl. adj., find the stem & add endings
Adding the Endings:
• all 3rd decl. adj. take 3rd decl. i-stem endings
• all abl. sg. forms end in –ī, like neut. i-stems
3 Termination Adj.
• the dictionary entries of 3rd decl. adj. of 3 terminations look like celer, celeris, celere:
– nom. sg. masc. ends in –er
– nom. sg. fem. ends in –is [find stem here!]
– nom. sg. neut. ends in –e
• e.g.:
– acer, acris, acre: fierce, sharp
Declining 3rd Decl. Adj. of 3 Terminationsceler, celeris, celere
MASCULINE FEMININE NEUTERSingular
Nom.Gen.Dat.Acc.Abl.
Plural
Nom.Gen.Dat.Acc.Abl.
Declining 3rd Decl. Adj. of 3 Terminationsceler, celeris, celere
MASCULINE FEMININE NEUTERSingular
Nom. celer celeris celereGen. celeris celeris celerisDat. celerī celerī celerīAcc. celerem celerem celereAbl. celerī celerī celerī
Plural
Nom. celerēs celerēs celeriaGen. celerium celerium celeriumDat. celeribus celeribus celeribusAcc. celerēs celerēs celeriaAbl. celeribus celeribus celeribus
2 Termination Adj.
• the dictionary entries of 3rd decl. adj. of 2 terminations look like facilis, facile:
– nom. sg. masc. & nom. sg. fem. end in –is
– nom. sg. neut. ends in –e
• e.g.:
– brevis, breve: short– fortis, forte: brave
• masc. & fem. forms are the same for 2 term. adj.
Declining 3rd Decl. Adj. of 2 Terminationsfacilis, facile
MASCULINE/FEMININE NEUTERSingular
Nom.Gen.Dat.Acc.Abl.
Plural
Nom.Gen.Dat.Acc.Abl.
Declining 3rd Decl. Adj. of 2 Terminationsfacilis, facile
MASCULINE/FEMININE NEUTERSingular
Nom. facilis facileGen. facilis facilisDat. facilī facilīAcc. facilem facileAbl. facilī facilī
Plural
Nom. facilēs faciliaGen. facilium faciliumDat. facilibus facilibusAcc. facilēs faciliaAbl. facilibus facilibus
1 Termination Adj.• the dictionary entries of 3rd decl. adj. of 1 termination
look like potēns, potentis:– nom. sg. masc. & nom. sg. fem. & nom. sg. neut. are all the
same (but there is no one set ending)
– 2nd form listed is the gen. sg. form (b/c you cannot find the stem from any nominative form)
• e.g.: – audāx, audācis: bold, daring
• masc. & fem. forms are the same for 1 term. adj.
Declining 3rd Decl. Adj. of 1 Terminationpotēns, potentis
MASCULINE/FEMININE NEUTERSingular
Nom.Gen.Dat.Acc.Abl.
Plural
Nom.Gen.Dat.Acc.Abl.
Declining 3rd Decl. Adj. of 1 Terminationpotēns, potentis
MASCULINE/FEMININE NEUTERSingular
Nom. potēns potēnsGen. potentis potentisDat. potentī potentīAcc. potentem potēnsAbl. potentī potentī
Plural
Nom. potentēs potentiaGen. potentium potentiumDat. potentibus potentibusAcc. potentēs potentiaAbl. potentibus potentibus
Ablative of Accompaniment
Ablative of Accompaniment• Latin expresses the idea of accompaniment with the
preposition cum and a noun in the ablative case.
• this is generally a word denoting a person or group of people
• abl. of accompaniment = cum + abl.
• e.g.– Puella cum matre ad urbem ambulat.
– Miser cum miserā in urbe est.
Cavēte! Ablatives w/ “with/cum”• there are several uses of the abl. that are translated with
“cum/with” – be careful not to confuse the abl. of means, manner, and accompaniment
• Mīlitēs oppidum cum sociīs oppugnāvērunt.– Accompaniment: The soldiers attacked the town with the allies.
• Mīlitēs oppidum cum audāciā oppugnāvērunt.– Manner: The soldiers attacked the town with boldness.
• Mīlitēs oppidum telīs oppugnāvērunt.
– Means: The soldiers attacked the town with weapons.