From America and Back:THE ORIGINS OF THE ISO 9000 STANDARD

UNIT II

Standards: FROM PRODUCT TO QUALITY TO SYSTEM

Centuries ago, craftspeople made products on highly

individualized bases.

Their standards for quality were likewise individualized.

They employed unique and highly

personalized design standards.

Standards: FROM PRODUCT TO QUALITY TO SYSTEM

In medieval times, craftspeople began to band together to form guilds and trade unions.

The groups created their own standards by which expertise in the various

skills was measured.Quality standards were imposed on suppliers.

Standards: FROM PRODUCT TO QUALITY TO SYSTEM

A thousand years ago, officials appointed by the

English King to oversee the production of naval ship.

Another official was put in charge of the quality and effectiveness of land-based weaponry and engineering.

Standards: FROM PRODUCT TO QUALITY TO SYSTEM

Military applications continued to drive the

development and refinement of product

standards and eventually quality standards as well.

Standardization itself became preeminent with the dawn of the industrial age.

Standards: FROM PRODUCT TO QUALITY TO SYSTEMBy the start of the twentieth century, quality standards were being institutionalized and documented.

As far as 1912, the British government created an office to

ensure the quality of military aircraft.

AMERICAN QUALITY STANDARDS1982-1982—

Pinpointed to be the dawn of America’s quality age.To the contrary, documented quality standards of various kinds have been a fact of life in the American military establishment since WORLD WAR II, when the federal government established the MIL STD series of standards.

AMERICAN QUALITY STANDARDSThese standards were the key to the development of the international standards.The most significant of these standards is MIL-Q-9858—a quality management program adopted in 1959 by the U.S. Department of Defense.

Succeeded by MIL-Q-9858A in 1963, this was imposed on most of the department’s suppliers for decades.In 1994, this series of standards was eliminated and was phased out in 1996.

AMERICAN QUALITY STANDARDSAfter phasing out the MIL-STD series in

1996, the U.S Department of Defense, NASA, and GSA—three of the largest government purchasers began promoting the use of ISO 9000.

AMERICAN QUALITY STANDARDS

The QS-9000 standard—an automotive sector specific harmonized version of ISO 9000 for Big 3 suppliers, & its Tooling and Equipment (TE) Supplement.In Europe, ISO 9000 was the basis for three automotive quality standards.

VDA 6.1 in GermanyEAQF in FranceAVSQ in ItalyConflicts among these standards caused difficulties for international automobile suppliers and has led, in turn, to the development of ISO/TS 16949—an international automotive standard.

QUALITY STANDARDS OVERSEAS

If imitation is the sincerest form of flattery, then MIL-Q-9858A is a flattered program indeed.In 1968, the NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) adopted it as its own quality system standard under the name AQAP-1, and the British Defense incorporated most of AQAP-1 provisions in its own quality system standard, DEF/STAN 05-8.

I. AQAP, DEF/STAN, BS 5750 Standards

QUALITY STANDARDS OVERSEASBS 5750—a quality system standard evolved from DEF/STAN, AQAP, & MIL-Q-9858A developed by the British Standard Institution. The British Government not only created the standard but actively supported and promoted it.The British government vigorously promoted BS 5750 throughout the private sector and actively encouraged firms to register and publicized BS 5750 to increase consumer awareness and acceptance of the standard.

QUALITY STANDARDS OVERSEAS

In 1987, probably the most important year in the history of postwar Europe, the single European Act was passed by the European Union. This set a course intended to lead to the development of an economically, if not politically, united Europe.

II. EU, ISO, and EN Standards

That same year saw these landmark advances in the development of quality system standards:

The ISO created the ISO 9000 quality system standard, drawing from the British BS 5750 standard.

QUALITY STANDARDS OVERSEAS

The British harmonized BS 5750 with ISO 9000.The British modified DEF/STAN 05-8 to harmonized it with ISO 9000.

The European Union (EU) adopted the EN 29000 quality standard, which is virtually identical to ISO 9000.

The differences between American and European applications of quality system standards are clear. In US, quality standards mainly have been driven by individual corporations and military imperatives. In Europe, governments and the EU, which is becoming a super government have been much more actively involved.

QUALITY STANDARDS OVERSEAS

QUALITY STANDARDS OVERSEASThe most industrialized nations have adopted harmonized versions if ISO 9000. No doubt for reasons of nationalist pride, these nations have given their own designations, even though the standards themselves are ISO 9000, word for word.

HARMONIZED VERSION OF ISO 9000

QUALITY STANDARDS OVERSEAS

AS 3900---------------------------------------------AustraliaONORM EN 29000------------------------------------Austria NBN-EN29000---------------------------------------Belgium CAN/CSA-ISO 9000----------------------------------Canada GB/T 19000--------------------------------------------ChinaDS/ISO 9000---------------------------------------DenmarkSFS-ISO 9000-----------------------------------------Finland

JIS Z 9900-----------------------------------------------Japan

QUALITY STANDARDS OVERSEASHARMONIZED VERSION OF ISO 9000NF-EN

29000------------------------------------------FranceDIN ISO 9000---------------------------------------GermanyMSZ EN 29000---------------------------------------HungaryIS 14000-------------------------------------------------IndiaIS/ISO 9000/EN 29000-----------------------------IrelandUNI/EN 29000--------------------------------------------Italy

QUALITY STANDARDS OVERSEASHARMONIZED VERSION OF ISO 9000MS-ISO

9000----------------------------------------MalaysiaNEN ISO 9000------------------------------------NetherlandNZS 9000---------------------------------------New ZealandNS-ISO 9000------------------------------------------NorwaySABS/ISO 9000---------------------------------South AfricaUNE 66 900----------------------------------------------SpainSS-ISO 9000------------------------------------------Sweden

QUALITY STANDARDS OVERSEASHARMONIZED VERSION OF ISO 9000SN EN 29000-------------------------------------

SwitzerlandNT 110.18----------------------------------------------TunisiaBS 5750------------------------------------United KingdomANSI/ASQ Q9000------------------------------United States____________________________________________________________________________________

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