Intellectual & Cognitive Development Jean Piaget’s Theories.
Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Developmentelbassair.net/downloads/tarbawaiyate/G10/12.pdf ·...
Transcript of Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Developmentelbassair.net/downloads/tarbawaiyate/G10/12.pdf ·...
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Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development
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Jean Piaget 1896-1980
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Sensorimotor Stage0-24 months
Preoperational Stage2-7 years
Concrete Operations7-11 years
Subjective Objective
Concrete Abstract
Uncoordinated Coordinated
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The Sensorimotor Stage
• Basic reflexes or schemes• Primary & secondary circular reactions• Objects as sensory pictures• Objects and schemas indistinguishable
– A not B error• 24 months: Object permanence
– Objectivity and subjectivity distinguished
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The Sensorimotor Stage
• Object permanence symbolic function
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Pre-operational Stage
• Symbolic thought without operations– Operations: Logical principles
• Conservation tasks– Perceptual reasoning vs logical consistency
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Pre-operational Stage
• What logical principles are mastered in the Pre-operation stage?
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Pre-operational Stage
• What logical principles are mastered in the Pre-operation stage?
(1) Reversibility: Pouring water into the tall container can be reversed.
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Pre-operational Stage
• What logical principles are mastered in the Pre-operation stage?
(2) Compensation: Change in height compensated by change in width.
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Pre-operational Stage
• What logical principles are mastered in the Pre-operation stage?
(3) Identity: No amount of liquid has been added or taken away.
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Pre-operational Stage
• Without operations, children’s thinking is:1. Intuitive, perceptually-driven2. Uncoordinated3. Egocentric
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Pre-operational Stage
• Without operations, children’s thinking is:1. Intuitive, perceptually-driven2. Uncoordinated3. Egocentric
• Observed across tasks and domains– Thus considered a “stage” of development
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Concrete Operations
• Actions internalized & mentally simulated• Forms the basis of logical operations
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Evaluating Piaget
• Highly original thinker– Neither an empiricist nor a nativist
• Enormous scientific contributions– Errors and methods; developmental invariants
• Challenging– Dense writing style & broad theoretical scope
• Controversial– Competence-Performance distinction
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Does performance under-estimate competence?
• Piaget’s tasks challenging• Distractions, reaching, etc.
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Habituation procedure
Looking time
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Habituation procedure
Looking time
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Habituation procedure
Looking time
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Habituation procedure
Looking time
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Habituation procedure
Looking time
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Habituation procedure
Looking time
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Habituation procedure
Looking time
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Habituation procedure
Looking time
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Habituation procedure
Looking time
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Habituation procedure
Looking time
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Object Permanence
•
Baillergeon, 1986•
Used habituation procedure to assess object permanence in 6-month-old infants.
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Habituation Display
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Test 1: Possible Event
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Test 2: Impossible Event
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Results and conclusions
•
6-
month-olds looked longer to impossible than possible test events.
•
Young infants understand that objects continue to exist after being hidden behind a screen.
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Conservation TasksJerome Bruner
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Conservation TasksJerome Bruner
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Challenges for Piaget
•
If object permanence achieved at 6-months, why do 12 month-olds commit the A not B error?
•
If children understand the concept of conservation, why do they fail the tasks?
•
What is developing?
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Information Processing Perspective
• American tradition of experimental psychology• Thinking is information processing• Computer as a metaphor • Example: Atkinson & Shiffrin’s store model
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Stimulus Sensory registerShort-term
memory
Long-term
memory
Response
Atkinson & Shiffrin’s store model
Executive functions
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Stimulus Sensory registerShort-term
memory
Long-term
memory
Response
Atkinson & Shiffrin’s store model
Executive functions
• Temporary cache• Infinite capacity• Brief duration
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Stimulus Sensory registerShort-term
memory
Long-term
memory
Response
Atkinson & Shiffrin’s store model
Executive functions
• Limited capacity (5 to 7 chunks of information)
• Temporary storage
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Stimulus Sensory registerShort-term
memory
Long-term
memory
Response
Atkinson & Shiffrin’s store model
Executive functions• Infinite capacity• Long-term storage
• Procedural & declarative memory
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“Can you show me how to make a cake?”
Procedural memory
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“Can you show me how to make a cake?”
Procedural memory
Declarative memory
“What was your birthday cake like?”
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Stimulus Sensory registerShort-term
memory
Long-term
memory
Response
Atkinson & Shiffrin’s store model
Executive functions
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Stimulus Sensory registerShort- term
memory
Long-term
memory
Response
Atkinson & Shiffrin’s store model
Executive functions
New approach to understanding the A not B error
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Role of STM• B trials: New hiding location needs to be kept
in short-term memory• Do errors reflect age-related STM constraints?
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Role of STM• B trials: New hiding location needs to be kept
in short-term memory• Do errors reflect age-related STM constraints?
• Diamond (1985)• Longitudinal study
• BTW 7 & 12 months, lab visit every 2 wks• Each visit, A not B assessed.
• Delay between hiding at B and search varied.
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ResultsM
axim
um d
elay
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Results
• Across all ages:– A not B errors more likely at longer delays
• Older infants:– Sustain longer delays.
STM capacity may constrain infant A not B task performance
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Stimulus Sensory registerShort-term
memory
Long-term
memory
Response
Atkinson & Shiffrin’s store model
Executive functions
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Development of LTM1. Memory in infancy
Rovee-Collier & Hayne, 1987
• 3-month-olds• Train on A• Test on A & B, 2 weeks later• More kicking for A than B• Infant form LTMs
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Development of LTM2. Infantile Amnesia
The failure to RECALL AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL EVENTS from the first 2 or 3 years of life.
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Development of LTM2. Infantile Amnesia
The failure to RECALL AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL EVENTS from the first 2 or 3 years of life.
Rouge test & the importance of self-recognition
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Development of LTM3. Learning to Use Memory
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Serial Position Effect in Recall
0102030405060708090
100
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th
Adults
Serial Position
Pro
porti
on C
orre
ct
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Serial Position Effect in Recall
0102030405060708090
100
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th
Adults
Serial Position
Pro
porti
on C
orre
ct
Recency Effect
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Serial Position Effect in Recall
0102030405060708090
100
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th
Adults
Serial Position
Pro
porti
on C
orre
ct
Recency Effect
Reflects short-term memory
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Serial Position Effect in Recall
0102030405060708090
100
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th
Adults
Serial Position
Pro
porti
on C
orre
ct
Primacy Effect
![Page 56: Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Developmentelbassair.net/downloads/tarbawaiyate/G10/12.pdf · Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development. Jean Piaget 1896-1980. Sensorimotor](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040321/5e59837e44ddc53e433433a5/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Serial Position Effect in Recall
0102030405060708090
100
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th
Adults
Serial Position
Pro
porti
on C
orre
ct
Primacy Effect
Reflects transfer to long-term memory
![Page 57: Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Developmentelbassair.net/downloads/tarbawaiyate/G10/12.pdf · Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development. Jean Piaget 1896-1980. Sensorimotor](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040321/5e59837e44ddc53e433433a5/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Serial Position Effect in Recall
0102030405060708090
100
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th
Adults8-yr
Serial Position
Pro
porti
on C
orre
ct
![Page 58: Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Developmentelbassair.net/downloads/tarbawaiyate/G10/12.pdf · Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development. Jean Piaget 1896-1980. Sensorimotor](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040321/5e59837e44ddc53e433433a5/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Serial Position Effect in Recall
0102030405060708090
100
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th
Adults8-yr
Serial Position
Pro
porti
on C
orre
ct
Recency Effect
![Page 59: Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Developmentelbassair.net/downloads/tarbawaiyate/G10/12.pdf · Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development. Jean Piaget 1896-1980. Sensorimotor](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040321/5e59837e44ddc53e433433a5/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Serial Position Effect in Recall
0102030405060708090
100
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th
Adults8-yr
Serial Position
Pro
porti
on C
orre
ct
Recency Effect
No age effect in short-term memory
![Page 60: Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Developmentelbassair.net/downloads/tarbawaiyate/G10/12.pdf · Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development. Jean Piaget 1896-1980. Sensorimotor](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040321/5e59837e44ddc53e433433a5/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Serial Position Effect in Recall
0102030405060708090
100
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th
Adults8-yr
Serial Position
Pro
porti
on C
orre
ct
No Primacy Effect
![Page 61: Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Developmentelbassair.net/downloads/tarbawaiyate/G10/12.pdf · Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development. Jean Piaget 1896-1980. Sensorimotor](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040321/5e59837e44ddc53e433433a5/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Serial Position Effect in Recall
0102030405060708090
100
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th
Adults8-yr
Serial Position
Pro
porti
on C
orre
ct
No Primacy Effect Less transfer to long-term
memory in children
![Page 62: Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Developmentelbassair.net/downloads/tarbawaiyate/G10/12.pdf · Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development. Jean Piaget 1896-1980. Sensorimotor](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040321/5e59837e44ddc53e433433a5/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Serial Position Effect in Recall
0102030405060708090
100
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th
Adults8-yr
Serial Position
Pro
porti
on C
orre
ct
No Primacy Effect Less transfer to long-term
memory in children
WHY?
![Page 63: Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Developmentelbassair.net/downloads/tarbawaiyate/G10/12.pdf · Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development. Jean Piaget 1896-1980. Sensorimotor](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040321/5e59837e44ddc53e433433a5/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Rehearsal
• A memory strategy that involves repetition of items to be remembered.
• Children learn that rehearsal promotes memory.
![Page 64: Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Developmentelbassair.net/downloads/tarbawaiyate/G10/12.pdf · Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development. Jean Piaget 1896-1980. Sensorimotor](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040321/5e59837e44ddc53e433433a5/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Flavell, Beach, & Chinsky, 1966
Kindergarteners: 2nd-graders5th-graders
![Page 65: Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Developmentelbassair.net/downloads/tarbawaiyate/G10/12.pdf · Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development. Jean Piaget 1896-1980. Sensorimotor](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040321/5e59837e44ddc53e433433a5/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Flavell, Beach, & Chinsky, 1966
Kindergarteners: 2nd-graders5th-graders
![Page 66: Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Developmentelbassair.net/downloads/tarbawaiyate/G10/12.pdf · Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development. Jean Piaget 1896-1980. Sensorimotor](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040321/5e59837e44ddc53e433433a5/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Flavell, Beach, & Chinsky, 1966Delay
Kindergarteners: 2nd-graders5th-graders
![Page 67: Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Developmentelbassair.net/downloads/tarbawaiyate/G10/12.pdf · Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development. Jean Piaget 1896-1980. Sensorimotor](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040321/5e59837e44ddc53e433433a5/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Flavell, Beach, & Chinsky, 1966Recall?
Kindergarteners: 2nd-graders5th-graders
![Page 68: Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Developmentelbassair.net/downloads/tarbawaiyate/G10/12.pdf · Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development. Jean Piaget 1896-1980. Sensorimotor](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040321/5e59837e44ddc53e433433a5/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Flavell, Beach, & Chinsky, 1966Recall?
ImprovementKindergarteners: 2nd-graders5th-graders
![Page 69: Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Developmentelbassair.net/downloads/tarbawaiyate/G10/12.pdf · Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development. Jean Piaget 1896-1980. Sensorimotor](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040321/5e59837e44ddc53e433433a5/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Flavell, Beach, & Chinsky, 1966Rehearsal?
Kindergarteners: 2nd-graders5th-graders
![Page 70: Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Developmentelbassair.net/downloads/tarbawaiyate/G10/12.pdf · Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development. Jean Piaget 1896-1980. Sensorimotor](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040321/5e59837e44ddc53e433433a5/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Flavell, Beach, & Chinsky, 1966Rehearsal?
Kindergarteners: 2nd-graders5th-graders: 85%
![Page 71: Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Developmentelbassair.net/downloads/tarbawaiyate/G10/12.pdf · Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development. Jean Piaget 1896-1980. Sensorimotor](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040321/5e59837e44ddc53e433433a5/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Flavell, Beach, & Chinsky, 1966Rehearsal?
Kindergarteners: 10%2nd-graders5th-graders: 85%
![Page 72: Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Developmentelbassair.net/downloads/tarbawaiyate/G10/12.pdf · Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development. Jean Piaget 1896-1980. Sensorimotor](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040321/5e59837e44ddc53e433433a5/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Flavell, Beach, & Chinsky, 1966Rehearsal?
Kindergarteners: 10%2nd-graders5th-graders: 85%
Rehearsal Better Recall
![Page 73: Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Developmentelbassair.net/downloads/tarbawaiyate/G10/12.pdf · Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development. Jean Piaget 1896-1980. Sensorimotor](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040321/5e59837e44ddc53e433433a5/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
Rehearsal
• A memory strategy that involves repetition of items to be remembered.
• Children learn that rehearsal promotes memory.
![Page 74: Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Developmentelbassair.net/downloads/tarbawaiyate/G10/12.pdf · Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development. Jean Piaget 1896-1980. Sensorimotor](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040321/5e59837e44ddc53e433433a5/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Rehearsal
• A memory strategy that involves repetition of items to be remembered.
• Children learn that rehearsal promotes memory.
• Change in the nature of rehearsal?
![Page 75: Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Developmentelbassair.net/downloads/tarbawaiyate/G10/12.pdf · Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development. Jean Piaget 1896-1980. Sensorimotor](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040321/5e59837e44ddc53e433433a5/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Ornstein, Naus, & Liberty, 1975
Rehearsal SetsWord Presented 8th-graders 3rd-gradersYardCatMan
Desk
![Page 76: Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Developmentelbassair.net/downloads/tarbawaiyate/G10/12.pdf · Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development. Jean Piaget 1896-1980. Sensorimotor](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040321/5e59837e44ddc53e433433a5/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Ornstein, Naus, & Liberty, 1975
Rehearsal SetsWord Presented 8th-graders 3rd-gradersYard Yard, yard, yardCat Cat, yard, cat, yardMan Man, cat, yard, man, cat…
Desk Desk, man, cat, yard, desk...
![Page 77: Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Developmentelbassair.net/downloads/tarbawaiyate/G10/12.pdf · Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development. Jean Piaget 1896-1980. Sensorimotor](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040321/5e59837e44ddc53e433433a5/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
Ornstein, Naus, & Liberty, 1975
Rehearsal SetsWord Presented 8th-graders 3rd-gradersYard Yard, yard, yard Yard, yard, yardCat Cat, yard, cat, yard Cat, cat, cat, cat, yardMan Man, cat, yard, man, cat… Man, man, man, man
Desk Desk, man, cat, yard, desk... Desk, desk, desk, desk
![Page 78: Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Developmentelbassair.net/downloads/tarbawaiyate/G10/12.pdf · Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development. Jean Piaget 1896-1980. Sensorimotor](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040321/5e59837e44ddc53e433433a5/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
Organization & Elaboration
• Organization A memory strategy that involves organizing list items into categories
![Page 79: Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Developmentelbassair.net/downloads/tarbawaiyate/G10/12.pdf · Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development. Jean Piaget 1896-1980. Sensorimotor](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040321/5e59837e44ddc53e433433a5/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
Organization & Elaboration
• Organization A memory strategy that involves organizing list items into categories
Dog, chair, cat, cow, table, horse
![Page 80: Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Developmentelbassair.net/downloads/tarbawaiyate/G10/12.pdf · Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development. Jean Piaget 1896-1980. Sensorimotor](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040321/5e59837e44ddc53e433433a5/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
Organization & Elaboration
• Organization A memory strategy that involves organizing list items into categories
Dog, chair, cat, cow, table, horse
10 & 11 yr-olds Dog, cat, cow, horse, table, chair
![Page 81: Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Developmentelbassair.net/downloads/tarbawaiyate/G10/12.pdf · Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development. Jean Piaget 1896-1980. Sensorimotor](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040321/5e59837e44ddc53e433433a5/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
Organization & Elaboration
• Organization A memory strategy that involves organizing list items into categories
Dog, chair, cat, cow, table, horse
10 & 11 yr-olds Dog, cat, cow, horse, table, chair
5 & 6-yr-olds Dog, chair, cat…
![Page 82: Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Developmentelbassair.net/downloads/tarbawaiyate/G10/12.pdf · Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development. Jean Piaget 1896-1980. Sensorimotor](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040321/5e59837e44ddc53e433433a5/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
Organization & Elaboration
• Organization A memory strategy that involves organizing list items into categories: Greater use in older children
![Page 83: Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Developmentelbassair.net/downloads/tarbawaiyate/G10/12.pdf · Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development. Jean Piaget 1896-1980. Sensorimotor](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040321/5e59837e44ddc53e433433a5/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
Organization & Elaboration
• Organization A memory strategy that involves organizing list items into categories: Greater use in older children
• Elaboration A memory strategy in which items are linked through use of an image or sentence
![Page 84: Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Developmentelbassair.net/downloads/tarbawaiyate/G10/12.pdf · Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development. Jean Piaget 1896-1980. Sensorimotor](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040321/5e59837e44ddc53e433433a5/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
Organization & Elaboration
• Organization A memory strategy that involves organizing list items into categories: Greater use in older children
• Elaboration A memory strategy in which items are linked through use of an image or sentence
Woman, pink, computer
![Page 85: Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Developmentelbassair.net/downloads/tarbawaiyate/G10/12.pdf · Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development. Jean Piaget 1896-1980. Sensorimotor](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040321/5e59837e44ddc53e433433a5/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
Organization & Elaboration
• Organization A memory strategy that involves organizing list items into categories: Greater use in older children
• Elaboration A memory strategy in which items are linked through use of an image or sentence
Woman, pink, computer
![Page 86: Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Developmentelbassair.net/downloads/tarbawaiyate/G10/12.pdf · Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development. Jean Piaget 1896-1980. Sensorimotor](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040321/5e59837e44ddc53e433433a5/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
Organization & Elaboration
• Organization A memory strategy that involves organizing list items into categories: Greater use in older children
• Elaboration A memory strategy in which items are linked through use of an image or sentence: Greater use in older children
![Page 87: Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Developmentelbassair.net/downloads/tarbawaiyate/G10/12.pdf · Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development. Jean Piaget 1896-1980. Sensorimotor](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040321/5e59837e44ddc53e433433a5/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
Rehearsal
• A memory strategy that involves repetition of items to be remembered.
• Children learn that rehearsal promotes memory.
• Change in the nature of rehearsal?
![Page 88: Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Developmentelbassair.net/downloads/tarbawaiyate/G10/12.pdf · Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development. Jean Piaget 1896-1980. Sensorimotor](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040321/5e59837e44ddc53e433433a5/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
Rehearsal
• A memory strategy that involves repetition of items to be remembered.
• Children learn that rehearsal promotes memory.
• Change in the nature of rehearsal
![Page 89: Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Developmentelbassair.net/downloads/tarbawaiyate/G10/12.pdf · Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development. Jean Piaget 1896-1980. Sensorimotor](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040321/5e59837e44ddc53e433433a5/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
Conclusions