Jean-Luc Godard Biography

8/17/2019 Jean-Luc Godard Biography

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JEAN-LUCGODARD

Jean-Luc Godard (born3 December 1930) is aFranco-Siss !i"mma#er an$ a "ea$in% member o! &'e Frenc' Ne a*e+,non !or s&."is&icinno*a&ions &'a&c'a""en%e$ &'econ*en&ions o!/o"".oo$ cinema 'e isni*ersa"". reco%ni2e$

as &'e mos& a$aciosra$ica" as e"" as &'emos& in!"en&ia" o! &'e

No*e""e a%e!i"mma#ers, /is or#re!"ec&s a !er*en&#no"e$%e o! !i"m'is&or. a com4re'ensi*en$ers&an$in% o!e5is&en&ia" an$ 6ar5is&

4'i"oso4'. an$ a 4ro!on$ insi%'& in&o &'e!ra%i"i&. o! 'manre"a&ions'i4s,

Dir. Jean-Luc Godard

%e& &'is ima%e as a !rame$ 4remim 4'o&o%ra4'ic 4rin&a

BIOGRAPHY

A Happy Childhood

Jean-Lc Go$ar$ as born on December 3 1930 in &'e se*en&'arron$issemen& o! 7aris, /is !a&'er 7a" Go$ar$ a Siss $oc&or mo*e$ &'e!ami". &o Si&2er"an$ !or .ears "a&er, /is mo&'er O$i"e 6ono$ as !rom aea"&'. 4ro&es&an& Frenc' bac#%ron$, /er !a&'er J"ien 6ono$ as one o!&'e mos& 4rominen& ban#ers in France an$ a e""-connec&e$ !i%re in "i&erar.circ"es 'ose c"oses& !rien$ as &'e ri&er 7a" a"er., 8'e co4"e 'a$ &'reeo&'er c'i"$ren Rac'e" born Janar. 1s& 1930 C"a$e born in 1933 an$:roni;e born in 193


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8'e !ami". se&&"e$ in N.on on &'e s'ores o! La#e Gene*a, 7a" Go$ar$or#e$ in a 4ri*a&e me$ica" c"inic nearb., 8'e !ami". as 4ros4eros an$c"&re$ = Go$ar$ "a&er $escribe$ 'is c'i"$'oo$ as bein% "i#e >a #in$ o!

4ara$ise>, Drin% or"$ ar ?? &'e !ami". remaine$ in Si&2er"an$ &'o%'&'e. o"$ ma#e occasiona" &ri4s across &o &'e Frenc' si$e o! &'e "a#e &o *isi&J"ian 6ono$@s es&a&e, on% Jean-Lc as a"rea$. an a*i$ rea$er 'o b.&'e a%e o! !or&een 'a$ %ra$a&e$ !rom c'i"$ren@s a$*en&re s&ories &o or#s

b. a&'ors sc' as An$r: Gi$e an$ An$r: 6a"ra5, /e as a"so a #een s4or&s!an 'o 4"a.e$ &ennis s#ie$ an$ enBo.e$ !oo&ba"",

The Black heep

?n 19 Go$ar$ en& &o s&$. a& &'e L.c:e !!on in 7aris 'ere 'e in&en$e$&o s&$. a$*ance$ ma&'ema&ics i&' &'e in&en&ion o! en&erin% en%ineerin%sc'oo", ?ns&ea$ 'e became 'oo#e$ on &'e cin:-c"b boom in &'e ca4i&a" an$

be%an a&c'in% mo*ies $a. an$ ni%'&, As a res"& 'e !ai"e$ 'is bacca"area&ee5am in 19 an$ re&rne$ &o Si&2er"an$ 'ere 'e s&$ie$ a& a 'i%' sc'oo" inLasanne an$ "i*e$ i&' 'is 4aren&s, Re"a&ions be&een !a&'er an$ son eres&raine$ so Go$ar$ s4en& mos& o! 'is s4are &ime 'an%in% aron$ i&' o&'ercinema en&'sias&s in Gene*a, /e a"so &rie$ 'is 'an$ a& 4ain&in% a!&er

becomin% in&eres&e$ in mo$ern ar&,

A!&er !ina"". 4assin% 'is bacca"area&e Go$ar$ re&rne$ &o 7aris an$ enro""e$a& &'e Sorbonne in 199, /e &oo# corses in e&'no"o%. b& soon aban$one$ 'iss&$ies an$ a44"ie$ &o become a s&$en& a& &'e ci&.@s "ea$in% !i"m sc'oo"?D/EC, 8'e sc'oo" reBec&e$ 'is a44"ica&ion so ins&ea$ 'e s&$ie$ !i"m b.a&c'in% mo*ies a& /enri Lan%"ois@ Cin:ma&'e;e Francais an$ &'e Cin:-c"bar&er La&in 'ere 'e !irs& became !rien$s i&' &o o&'er !i"m!ana&ics Francois 8r!!a& an$ Jac;es Ri*e&&e, ?& as s&an$ar$ 4rac&ice !or&'em &o see &'ree or !or !i"ms 4er $a. or &o s4en$ an en&ire $a. in a sin%"e&'ea&re, As Go$ar$ "a&er ro&e >&'e cinema screen as &'e a"" e 'a$ &osca"e &o esca4e !rom or "i*es>,

!ha" I# Cine$a%

7os&-ar 7aris as a 4"ace o! %rea& 4'i"oso4'ica" an$ 4o"i&ica" $eba&e, 8'e$ominan& in&e""ec&a" !i%re as Jean-7a" Sar&re a 4ro"i!ic ri&er an$a$*oca&e o! E5is&en&ia"ism 'o 4ore$ !or&' no*e"s 4"a.s 4'i"oso4'ica"essa.s "i&erar. cri&icism an$ 4o"i&ica" commen&ar., Sar&re be"ie*e$ i& essen&ia"a!&er &'e e54erience o! &'e ar &'a& ri&ers become en%a%e$ i&' 4o"i&ics&a#in% si$es i! necessar., ?n 'is case &'a& mean& si$in% i&' &'e !ar "e!&, As a

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#een !i"m%oer an$ commen&a&or on cinema 'imse"! Sar&re as o44ose$ a"on%i&' mos& o! &'e "e!& &o &'e %rea& in!"5 o! American !i"ms &'a& !"oo$e$ 7arisa!&er &'e ar seein% i& as a si%n o! American c"&ra" im4eria"ism, Orsone""es@s Citizen Kane as one o! &'e !i"ms 'e cri&icise$ !or aban$onin% &'e>rea"is& nai*e&:> o! 4re-ar /o"".oo$ accsin% e""es o! ma#in% an abs&rac&in&e""ec&a" !i"m no& roo&e$ in &'e concerns o! &'e masses,

One cri&ic 'o o44ose$ &'is *ie as An$r: a2in 'o in an essa.en&i&"e$ The Technique of Citizen Kane 4raise$ &'e !i"m !or i&s ar&is&icric'ness ar%in% &'a& e""es rein*en&e$ &'e ar&!orm i&' &ec'ni;es sc' as$ee4-!ocs &o &e"" &'e s&or., a2in 'o be"ie*e$ 4assiona&e". in &'e >obBec&i*erea"i&.> o! &'e !i"m ima%e be"ie*e$ &'a& "on% &a#es an$ &'e se o! $ee4 !ocsas o44ose$ &o &'e se o! e$i&in% an$ mon&a%e 4ro$ce$ a more !ai&'!" *isiono! &'e or"$, /is em4'asis on !i"m &ec'ni;e an$ &'e aes&'e&ic an$ s4iri&a"

;a"i&ies o! cinema 4& 'im in o44osi&ion &o "e!&is&s "i#e Sar&re 'o ere moreconcerne$ i&' !i"m@s socia" messa%e,

'i"e bo&' &'ese &'in#ers in!"ence$ Go$ar$ a .on%er cri&ic 4ro*e$ e*enmore o! an ins4ira&ion, 6arice Sc':rer born in 19H0 as a &eac'er an$ !i"men&'sias&, /e 'a$ ma$e 'is name as a cri&ic i&' &'ree ar&ic"es !or &'ema%a2ine La Revue du cinema in 'ic' 'e a&&em4&e$ &o !orm"a&e anambi&ios an$ com4re'ensi*e &'eore&ica" $e!ini&ion o! &'e cinema, ?n &'esear&ic"es 'e reBec&e$ a2in@s em4'asis on &'e $e4ic&ion o! nin&err4&e$ &'ree-$imensiona" s4ace ins&ea$ ar%in% &'a& i& as &'e a. a $irec&or 4"ace$

obBec&s i&'in &'a& s4ace inc"$in% ac&ors 'ic' %a*e i& meanin%, /e a"socommen$e$ &'e se o! ac&or@s s4eec' an$ %es&re as a crcia" e"emen& in

brin%in% &'e !i"me$ ima%e &o "i!e, /a*in% rea$ &'ese essa.s Go$ar$ be%ana&&en$in% &'e Ciné-Club du Quartier Latin 'ere Sc':rer o!&en in&ro$cin%&'e e*enin%@s !i"ms an$ 4resi$in% o*er &'e ener%e&ic $eba&es &'a& !o""oe$as &'e main 4resi$in% !i%re, 8oar$s &'e en$ o! 199 Sc':rer be%an

4b"is'in% a ma%a2ine ca""e$ La Gazette du cinema ri&in% n$er &'e 4se$on.m o! Eric Ro'mer ,

La Gazette du cinema "as&e$ !or on". !i*e e$i&ions be!ore i& !o"$e$, Go$ar$con&rib&e$ &o a"mos& e*er. isse, S&i"" on". nine&een .ears o"$ 'e as a"rea$.ri&in% com4"e5 ar&ic"es an$ re*ies 'ic' re*ea"e$ an assre$ an$ ori%ina"*ie o! cinema, ?n 'is "on%es& ar&ic"e en&i&"e$ Towards a Political Cinema 'ear%e$ &'a& cinema as no& Bs& a re4resen&a&ion o! rea"i&. b& 4ar& o! &'erea"i&. i&se"!, ?n ano&'er 4iece 'e s&a&e$ >A& &'e cinema e $o no& &'in# eare &'o%'&>, For 'im cinema 'a$ become a &rans!orma&iona" e54erience in'ic' &'e $is&ance be&een &'e *ieer an$ 'a& occrre$ on &'e screen no"on%er e5is&e$I b. a&c'in% !i"ms .o ere a"rea$. 4ar& o! &'em,

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A Bohe$ian Li&e

& i& asn@& eno%' !or Go$ar$ an$ 'is !rien$s &o sim4". a&c' an$ ri&eabo& cinema &'e. an&e$ &o ma#e !i"ms &'emse"*es, Go$ar$ be%an b.assis&in% Ro'mer an$ Ri*e&&e i&' &'eir !irs& s'or& !i"ms, ?n &'e case o!Ri*e&&e@s Quadrille Go$ar$ 4ro*i$e$ &'e mone. &o ma#e i& "a&er a$mi&&in%&'a& &'e !n$s came !rom s&ea"in% an$ se""in% boo#s !rom 'is %ran$!a&'erJ"ien 6ono$@s co""ec&ion o! 7a" a"er. !irs& e$i&ions, ?n &'e mean&ime 'e"i*e$ a bo'emian e5is&ence in &'e "e!& ban# Sain&-Germain-$es-7r:s areamo*in% re%"ar". be&een &'e a4ar&men&s o! !ami". !rien$s an$ c'ea4 'o&e"rooms, Amon% 'is c"oses& !rien$s as &'e c'arisma&ic 7a" G:%a!! a!"ambo.an& ri%'& in% ri&er 'ose $e*i"-ma.-care a. o! "i*in% 'is "i!ee5em4"i!ie$ a #in$ o! $arin% in$i*i$a"i&. &'a& Go$ar$ a$mire$ an$ as4ire$ &oa& &'is &ime,

?n December 190 in or$er &o a*oi$ &'e $ra!& Go$ar$ c"aime$ Sissci&i2ens'i4 an$ Boine$ 'is !a&'er on a &ri4 &o Ne or# an$ !rom &'ere on&'ro%' &'e es& ?n$ies &o So&' America, Far !rom re"is'in% &'ese nee54eriences b. a"" accon&s 'e s4en& mos& o! 'is &ime abroa$ a"one in 'isroom rea$in%, Ne*er&'e"ess 'is an$erin%s in So&' America 'ic' 'e ne*ers4o#e abo& "en& 'im an air o! m.s&er. an$ a$*en&re 'en 'e re&rne$ &o7aris in A4ri" 191, 8r!!a& as one o! &'ose 'o no&ice$ Go$ar$ a44eare$more &aci&rn an$ i&'$ran &'an 'e 'a$ been be!ore &'o%' 4assion !orcinema as Bs& as s&ron% as e*er, /e &'re 'imse"! in&o 'e"4in% o&'ers ma#e

!i"ms in 4ar&ic"ar or#in% c"ose". i&' Eric Ro'mer on a s'or&en&i&"e$ Présentation("a&er re-&i&"e$ Charlotte et son stea ) in 'ic' 'e s&arre$as a"&er a .on% man 'o in&ro$ces one .on% oman &o ano&'er in &'e'o4e o! ma#in% eac' Bea"os o! &'e o&'er,

Cahier# Du Cin'$a

For &'e &ime bein% Go$ar$ 'e"$ bac# !rom ma#in% 'is on mo*iesI ins&ea$ 'e

$e*o&e$ 'is ar&is&ic ener%ies &o ri&in% !or &'e ne ma%a2ine se& 4 b. An$rea2in an$ 'is associa&e Jac;es Donio"-a"cro2e, Amon%s& 'is mos& im4or&an&con&rib&ions &oCahiers du cinéma as an ar&ic"e &'a& came o& in &'eSe4&ember 19H isse &'a& amon&e$ &o a #in$ o! 4ersona" &'eore&ica"mani!es&o as e"" as a con&er ar%men& &o an ear"ier ar&ic"e ri&&en b. a2inin 'ic' &'e cri&ic a&&ac#e$ &'e >obso"e&e 4"a. o! s'o&-re*erse s'o&> se$ inman. /o"".oo$ 4ro$c&ions, ?n &'e 4iece &i&"e$ !efence and "llustration ofClassical !écou#a$e Go$ar$ ri&in% n$er &'e 4se$on.m /ans Lcas

4raise$ &'e se o! s'o&-re*erse s'o& as crcia" &o con*e.in% a c'arac&er@s

men&a" 4oin& o! *ie an$ &'eir inner "i!e, /e accse$ a2in o! an&in% &osacri!ice &'is essen&ia" &ec'ni;e se$ so s#i"!"". b. $irec&ors sc' as

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/oar$ /a#s in &'e in&eres& o! &'eore&ica" 4reB$ice, ?& as a $arin% mo*e!rom a .on% man &o con&ra$ic& &'e *ies o! sc' an es&eeme$ cri&ic an$re!"ec&e$ Go$ar$@s a"rea$. s&ron% sense o! se"!-be"ie!,

(i")erland and "he *ir#" hor"#

8oar$s &'e en$ o! 19H &ire$ o! "i*in% !rom 'an$ &o mo&' an$ 'o4in% !or amore $irec& ro&e in&o &'e cinema Go$ar$ s&o"e mone. !rom &'e Cahiers@ &i""an$ ma$e 'is a. bac# &o Si&2er"an$ 'ere i&' 'is mo&'er@s 'e"4 'emana%e$ &o %e& a Bob i&' Siss &e"e*ision in Kric', /oe*er a!&er s&ea"in%mone. !rom &'e com4an. sa!e 'e as sen& !irs& &o Bai" &'en a!&er 'is !a&'er@sin&er*en&ion &rans!erre$ &o a 4s.c'ia&ric c"inic 'ere 'e s4en& a co4"e o!

ee#s, Fo""oin% 'is re"ease 'e en& &o "i*e i&' 'is mo&'er 'o &'ro%' a!rien$ mana%e$ &o %e& Jean-Lc a Bob $oin% mana" "abor on a $amcons&rc&ion si&e, 'i"e or#in% on &'e $am Go$ar$ 'a$ &'e i$ea o! ma#in% a!i"m abo& i&, /e !inance$ &'e !i"m !rom 'is a%es 'irin% a cameraman &o !i"mi& an$ e$i&in% i& an$ *oicin% &'e commen&ar. 'imse"!, As 'e 'o4e$ &'ecor4ora&ion be'in$ &'e bi"$in% o! &'e $am bo%'& &'e !i"m !or 4b"ici&.

4r4oses an$ 'e as ab"e &o ;i& 'is Bob &'ere,

i&' &'e mone. 'e earne$ Go$ar$ mo*e$ &o Gene*a an$ ma$e a "o b$%e&s'or& %ne &emme coquette, 8'e !i"m base$ on &'e s&or. Le

'i$ne b. (au#assant &e""s &'e s&or. o! a marrie$ oman 'o imi&a&es &'e%es&re o! a 4ros&i&&e in or$er i& 4ic# 4 a man, ?& s&arre$ Go$ar$@s c"ose!rien$ Ro"an$ 8o"ma&c'o!! as &'e man an$ 6aria L.san$re as &'e oman, 8'e&'eme o! 4ros&i&&ion as one Go$ar$ o"$ re&rn &o a%ain an$ a%ain in 'iscareer,

Ri#e o& "he Hi"chcocko-Ha(k#ian#

i&' &o !i"ms n$er 'is be"& an$ some mone. in 'is 4oc#e& Go$ar$ asrea$. &o re&rn &o 7aris, On arri*in% in &'e ci&. a& &'e s&ar& o! 19 'e$isco*ere$ &'in%s 'a$ c'an%e$ 4ro!on$". !or 'is circ"e o! !rien$s an$co""ea%es, Lea$ b. Francois 8r!!a& &'e. 'a$ es&ab"is'e$ Cahiers ducinéma as &'e "ea$in% !i"m 4b"ica&ion in &'e con&r., 8r!!a&@s ar&ic"e )Certain Tendenc* of the &rench Cinema 'a$ arose$ s'oc# an$ o&ra%eamon%s& &'e !i"m es&ab"is'men& an$ ma$e a s&ar o! i&s .on% a&'or 'o asno 'ammerin% o& ar&ic"es !or a *arie&. o! 4b"ica&ions, /e an$ &'e o&'ercri&ics a& &'e ma%a2ine 'o inc"$e$ C"a$e C'abro" Jac;es Ri*e&&e an$Eric Ro'mer ere #non !or &'eir "o*e o! American cinema es4ecia"". &'e

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or# o! 'i&'er&o nreco%nise$ $irec&ors "i#e A"!re$ /i&c'coc# an$ /oar$/a#s an$ &'eir 4romo&ion o! &'e >4o"i&i;e $es a&ers>,

Go$ar$ as&e$ no &ime in con&rib&in% ar&ic"es o! 'is on &o Cahiers on someo! 'is !a*ori&e a&ers sc' as O&&o 7remin%er an$ Nic'o"as Ra., /e a"socon&ine$ 'is &'eore&ica" $eba&e i&' An$r: a2in i&'in &'e 4a%es o! &'ema%a2ine, 'i"e a2in con&ine$ &o commen$ &'e "on% &a#e !or i&sa44ro5ima&ion &o 4'.sica" rea"i&. Go$ar$ 4raise$ e$i&in% !or ren$erin% &'esbBec&i*e essence o! rea"i&., A e""-e$i&e$ !i"m 'e asser&e$ as more &r&'!"&o "i!e &'an &'e nin&err4&e$ scene = ra&'er &'an 4or&ra.in% a c"osere4resen&a&ion o! rea"i&. i& seeme$ &o 4ro*i$e &'e e54erience o! rea"i&. i&se"!,

een &o es&ab"is' 'imse"! as a !i"mma#er in 'is on ri%'& Go$ar$ 'a$re&rne$ &o 7aris i&' a H0-4a%e screen4"a. n$er 'is arm en&i&"e$ +dile (&'e

name o! 'is mo&'er 'o 'a$ recen&". &ra%ica"". $ie$ in a roa$ acci$en&) b&&'e 4ro$cer 7ierre ranber%er rea$ i& an$ a$*ise$ 'im i& as n!i"mab"e,?ns&ea$ in common i&' 'is Cahiers co""ea%es 'e &oo# a$*ice !rom Rober&oRosse""ini &'e ?&a"ian neo-rea"is& $irec&or 'o 'a$ be!rien$e$ &'e %ro4e5'or&in% &'em &o !o""o neorea"is& 4rinci4"es an$ base &'eir !i"ms on &'erea"i&. o! &'eir on "i*es,

De+elopin, A "yle

or#in% i&' Ro'mer Go$ar$ s#e&c'e$ o& a series o! s'or& !i"ms re*o"*in%aron$ a 4air o! .on% omen C'ar"o&&e an$ eroni;e, 8'e !irs& o!&'ese Charlotte et ,eronique ou Tous les $arcons sa##ellent Patric ( )ll the

.o*s are Called Patric ) as $irec&e$ b. Go$ar$ !rom a scri4& b. Ro'meran$ !ea&re$ Anne Co"e&&e an$ Jean-C"a$e ria". as a .on% man 'o 4ic#s4 &o omen in ;ic# sccession, Un#non &o 'im &'e &o omen areroomma&es 'o $isco*er 'is $4"ici&. &'e ne5& $a. 'en &'e. are a"#in% in&'e 4ar# &o%e&'er an$ ca&c' 'im 4ic#in% 4 a &'ir$ %ir", A secon$!i"m Charlotte et son /ules(Charlotte and her /ules) a%ain s&arre$ AnneCo"e&&e &'is &ime o44osi&e Jean-7a" e"mon$o as &'e Bi"&e$ J"es 'o bera&es'is "o*er 'en 'e &'in#s s'e@s come bac# &o 'im on". &o $isco*er &'a& s'eon". re&rne$ &o 4ic# 4 a &oo&'brs', o&' !i"ms are !"" o! 4ersona"re!erences &o Go$ar$@s on "i!e a"&'o%' &'e omani2er o! &'e !irs& asins4ire$ b. &'e e54"oi&s o! 7a" G:%a!! ra&'er &'an !rom 'is on "imi&e$e54eriences,

Go$ar$@s ne5& s'or& came &o 'im ne54ec&e$"., 8r!!a& 'a$ !i"me$ anim4ro*ise$ come$. in an$ aron$ &'e !"oo$a&ers &'a& brie!". srron$e$

7aris in Febrar. 19, Embarrasse$ &o be ma#in% a come$. ami$s& &'e$e*as&a&ion an$ nsre 'o &o !inis' &'e !i"m 8r!!a& 'an$e$ i& o*er &o

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Go$ar$ 'o "a&er in &'e .ear e$i&e$ &'e !oo&a%e in&o some #in$ o! con&ini&.an$ ro&e $ia"o%e an$ a *oice o*er 'ic' as "a&er $bbe$, 8'is &e5& ric' in

4ns re!erences an$ ;o&a&ions combine$ i&' ne54ec&e$ e$i&in% an$son$&rac# B5&a4osi&ions ma$e &'e !i"m a sr4risin%". 4rescien& !orernner o! 'is !&re !i"m s&."e,

A !ai"in, Ga$e

'i"e Go$ar$ e54erimen&e$ on s'or&s 'is !rien$s ere ma#in% increasin%inroa$s in&o &'e 4ro!essiona" !i"m bsiness, C'abro" 'o 'a$ been or#in% in&'e 4b"ici&. $e4ar&men& o! 8en&ie&' Cen&r. Fo5@s 7aris o!!ice since 19;i& 'is 4os& a!&er &o .ear &o ma#e 'is $eb& !ea&re Le .eau 'er$e, /e

arran%e$ &o 'a*e Go$ar$ 'ire$ in 'is 4"ace a mo*e &'a& 4ro*e$ !or&i&os in anmber o! a.s, or#in% in &'e 4b"ici&. $e4ar&men& o! a maBor s&$ioGo$ar$ "earn& &'e s&ra&e%ies &'a& o"$ 'e"4 0 bout de souffle ( .reathless)

become an ne54ec&e$ sccess on i&s re"ease &o .ears "a&er, /e a"so me& an$ be!rien$e$ &'e 4ro$cer Geor%es $e eare%ar$ an associa&ion crcia" &o 'is!&re career,

?n &'e smmer o! 19 a!&er "ea*in% Fo5 Go$ar$ &oo# o*er !rom 8r!!a& ='o as abo& &o ma#e 'is on !irs& !ea&re = as !i"m cri&ic a& &'ema%a2ine )rts, 8'ro%' o&'er con&ac&s 'e a"so 4ic#e$ 4 a$$i&iona" !ree"ance

or# as an e$i&or an$ scri4&ri&er, /oe*er !in$in% an.one i""in% &o !n$'is on !ea&re 4roBec&s 4ro*e$ more $i!!ic"& an$ as 'is Cahiers co""ea%esinc"$in% no Jac;es Ri*e&&e an$ Eric Ro'mer en& in&o 4ro$c&ion on &'eir on !""-"en%&' !i"ms 'e become increasin%". !rs&ra&e$ a& 'is "ac# o!

4ro%ress,

8'en in &'e s4rin% o! 199 e*er.&'in% c'an%e$ o*erni%'&, A& &'e Cannes !i"m!es&i*a" Francois 8r!!a&@s Les Quartre cents cou#s (The 122 .lows) as%ree&e$ i&' ni*ersa" acc"aim innin% &'e es& Direc&or Aar$ an$en$orsemen&s !rom a nmber o! 'i%' 4ro!i"e !i%res, S$$en". e*er.bo$. as

&a"#in% abo& a Ne a*e in Frenc' cinema, Sensin% &'a& 8r!!a&@s sccessco"$ o4en $oors !or 'im Go$ar$ imme$ia&e". &oo# &'e &rain $on &o&'e!es&i*a",

Brea"hle##

8o .ears be!ore 8r!!a& 'a$ s#e&c'e$ o& an i$ea !or a "o b$%e& !i"m base$ on &'e &re-crime s&or. o! 6ic'e" 7or&ai" a 4e&&. crimina" 'o 'a$s&o"en a car s'o& a mo&orc.c"e 4o"iceman 'o 4""e$ 'im o*er an$ 'i$ o& !or

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a"mos& &o ee#s n&i" 'e as !on$ in a canoe $oc#e$ in &'e cen&re o! 7aris,One as4ec& o! &'e s&or. &'a& 'a$ a44ea"e$ &o 8r!!a& as &'e !ac& &'a& 7or&ai"'a$ an American Borna"is& %ir"!rien$ 'e 'a$ &rie$ &o con*ince &o rn aa.i&' 'im 'o 'a$ ins&ea$ &rne$ 'im in&o &'e 4o"ice, 8r!!a& 'a$co""abora&e$ i&' bo&' C'abro" an$ Go$ar$ on &'e s&or. b& 'a$ !ai"e$ &oin&eres& an. 4ro$cers, No Go$ar$ as#e$ i! 'e mi%'& re*i*e &'e 4roBec& as a!ea&re, 8r!!a& no& on". a%ree$ b& a"so 'e"4e$ &o con*ince Geor%es $eeare%ar$ &o 4ro$ce &'e !i"m, eare%ar$ in $eb& a!&er &o !"o4s mana%e$&o 4ersa$e a $is&rib&or &o come 4 i&' a sma"" amon& o! mone. i&''ic' &o ma#e &'e !i"m,

Re&rnin% &o 7aris Go$ar$ imme$ia&e". be%an cas&in% !or &'e !i"m, /es%%es&e$ &o eare%ar$ &'a& &'e. 'ire Jean Seber% &'e .on% ac&ress 'o'a$ ma$e an ncer&ain s&ar& in 4ic&res on O&&o 7remin%er@s 'aint

/oan an$ .on3our Tristesse as &'e American oman, 'i"e mos& cri&ics 'a$$is4ara%e$ bo&' !i"ms Go$ar$ 'a$ ri&&en a$mirin%". abo& Seber% in &'e 4a%es o! Cahiers du cinéma, A& &'eir !irs& mee&in% Seber% as nim4resse$ b.&'e as4irin% .on% $irec&or $escribin% 'im as >an incre$ib". in&ro*er&e$mess.-"oo#in% .on% man i&' %"asses 'o $i$n@& "oo# 'er in &'e e.e 'ens'e &a"#e$>, Ne*er&'e"ess s'e as encora%e$ b. 'er 'sban$ a Frenc'a&&orne. i&' $irec&in% ambi&ions o! 'is on &o acce4& &'e ro"e, 7ersa$in%Co"mbia &o "en$ 'er o& !or &'e !i"m 4ro*e$ "ess eas. b& a%ain 'er 'sban$s&e44e$ in an$ mana%e$ &o con*ince &'e s&$io &o acce4& a sma"" cas' 4a.men&!or 'er 4ar&ici4a&ion, O44osi&e 'er Go$ar$ cas& Jean-7a" e"mon$o 'o

i%nore$ &'e arnin% or$s o! 'is a%en& 'o &o"$ 'im >.o@re ma#in% &'e bi%%es& mis&a#e o! .or "i!e> an$ acce4&e$ &'e 4ar&,

i&' 'is cas& in 4"ace Go$ar$ se& abo& #noc#in% 8r!!a&@s s&or. o&"ine in&oa screen4"a., /is ori%ina" 4"an 'a$ been &o se &'e o&"ine as i& as an$ mere".a$$ $ia"o%e &o i&, ?ns&ea$ 'e rero&e &'e en&ire s&or. s'i!&in% &'e em4'asisaa. !rom 8r!!a&@s 4or&ra.a" o! an an%is'e$ .on% man 'o &rns &o crimeo& o! $es4air &o &'a& o! a .on% 'oo$"m i&' an e5is&en&ia" in$i!!erence &ocommon mora"i&. an$ &'e r"e o! "a, 6os& crcia"". in Go$ar$@s ne

*ersion &'e American oman comes in&o &'e narra&i*e near &'e be%innin% an$&'eir "o*e s&or. $omina&es &'e !i"m, On &'e 4a%e &'e screen4"a. resemb"e$ ac"assic American !i"m noir b& Go$ar$ a!&er .ears o! ma#in% !i"ms in 'is'ea$ o"$ &rans!orm i& 4rinci4a"". &'ro%' &'e a. 'e !i"me$ i& in&osome&'in% ra$ica"". $i!!eren&,

Fi"min% &oo# 4"ace o*er &'e smmer o! 199, e'in$ &'e camera as Rao"Co&ar$ ori%ina"". a $ocmen&ar. cameraman !or &'e Frenc' arm.@sin!orma&ion ser*ice in ?n$oc'ina, Co&ar$@s bac#%ron$ si&e$ Go$ar$ 'oan&e$ &'e !i"m &o be s'o& as mc' as 4ossib"e "i#e a $ocmen&ar. i&' a

'an$'e"$ camera an$ &'e minimm o! "i%'&in%, 8'is $ecision as &a#en !or bo&' aes&'e&ic reasons = &o ma#e &'e !i"m "oo# "i#e a nesree" = an$ 4rac&ica"

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reasons = &o sa*e &'e &ime se&&in% 4 "i%'&s an$ &ri4o$, F"e5ibi"i&. as *er.im4or&an& &o Go$ar$ 'o an&e$ &'e !ree$om &o im4ro*ise an$ s'oo&'ene*er an$ 'ere*er 'e an&e$ i&'o& &oo man. &ec'nica" cons&rain&s, /ean$ Co&ar$ $e*ise$ a.s = sc' as sin% a 'ee"c'air !or &rac#in% s'o&s an$a s4ecia"is& "o"i%'& !i"ms&oc# !or ni%'&-&ime scenes = &o ma#e &'is 4ossib"e,

Go$ar$@s me&'o$ o! $irec&in% 0 bout de souffle as e*en more ra$ica" &'an 'is&ec'nica" inno*a&ions, 6c' &o &'e 4ro$cer eare%ar$@s $isa44ro*a" 'eo!&en on". !i"me$ !or a co4"e o! 'ors a $a., Some&imes 'en "ac#in% &'enecessar. ins4ira&ion 'e o"$ cance" &'e $a.@s !i"min% a"&o%e&'er, Ear". onin &'e s'oo& 'e $iscar$e$ &'e screen4"a. 'e 'a$ ri&&en an$ $eci$e$ &o ri&e&'e $ia"o%e $a. b. $a. as &'e 4ro$c&ion en& a"on%, 8'e ac&ors !on$ &'is

4roce$re s&ran%e an$ some&imes !or%o& &'eir "ines 'oe*er since &'eson$&rac# as &o be 4os&-s.nc'roni2e$ "a&er 'en &'e ac&or@s ere "os& !or

or$s Go$ar$ o"$ ca"" o& &'eir "ines &o &'em !rom be'in$ &'e camera, ForGo$ar$ &'e ac& o! ma#in% a !i"m as as mc' a 4ar& o! i&s meanin% as i&scon&en& an$ s&."e, /e !e"& a !i"m re!"ec&e$ &'e con$i&ions n$er 'ic' i& asma$e an$ &'a& a !i"m@s &ec'ni;e as &'e me&'o$ b. 'ic' a $irec&or ma$e a!i"m 4ersona",

Go$ar$@s nor&'o$o5 me&'o$s con&ine$ in &'e e$i&in% si&e, /is !irs& c& o! 0bout de souffle as &o-an$-a-'a"! 'ors "on% b& eare%ar$ 'a$ re;ire$ 'e$e"i*er a nine&.-min&e !i"m, Ra&'er &'an c&&in% o& 'o"e scenes 'e $eci$e$&o c& i&'in scenes e*en i&'in s'o&s, 8'is se o! $e"ibera&e Bm4 c&s as

n'ear$ o! in 4ro!essiona" !i"mma#in% 'ere e$i&s ere $esi%ne$ &o be asseam"ess as 4ossib"e, /e a"so c& be&een s'o&s !rom in&en&iona"".$isorien&in% an%"es &'a& bro#e a"" &'e &ra$i&iona" r"es o! con&ini&., .$e"ibera&e". a44earin% ama&eris' Go$ar$ $re a&&en&ion &o &'e con*en&ions o! c"assic cinema an$ re*ea"e$ &'em !or 'a& &'e. ere mere". con*en&ions,

?& asn@& on". in &'e mon&a%e o! ima%es &'a& Go$ar$ e54resse$ 'is 4ersona"i&. b& a"so &'ro%' &'e ric' $e4&' o! re!erences &o cinema an$ "i&era&re, 0 boutde souffle abon$e$ i&' ;o&a&ions o! mo*ies b. $irec&ors sc' as Same"F""er Jose4' /, Leis O&&o 7remin%er an$ an. nmber o! c"assic !i"m noirs,8'e !i"m is e*en $e$ica&e$ &o 6ono%ram Fi"ms an American -mo*ie s&$io,8'ere ere a"so ;o&a&ions an$ re!erences !rom >'i%'-c"&re> !i%res sc' asFa"#ner D."an 8'omas an$ Lois Ara%on as e"" as 4ain&ers "i#e 7icassoRenoir an$ "ee,

0 bout de souffle as an imme$ia&e sccess, ?n Janar. 190 Bs& be!ore i&sre"ease &'e !i"m on &'e Jean i%o 7ri2e aar$e$ &o .on% $irec&ors s'oin%an in$e4en$en& s4iri& an$ s&."is&ic ori%ina"i&., 8'e cri&ics ere nanimos in&'eir 4raise $escribin% &'e !i"m as &'e %rea&es& accom4"is'men& .e& &o come

o& o! &'e Ne a*eI one ro&e >&'e &erms o"$ cinema@ an$ ne cinema@no 'a*e meanin%M i&' 0 bout de souffle &'e %enera&ion %a4 can s$$en".


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be !e"&>, 'en i& o4ene$ in !or commercia" cinemas in 7aris i& imme$ia&e".$re "ar%e cro$s, ?n &'e en$ i&s 4ro!i&s ere es&ima&e$ &o be !i!&. &imes &'eori%ina" in*es&men&, 7ar& o! &'e !i"m@s sccess as $e &o a care!"".orc'es&ra&e$ 4b"ici&. cam4ai%n &'a& ma$e Go$ar$ 'imse"! &'e cen&re o!a&&en&ion, Jorna"is&s *isi&in% &'e se& 'a$ ri&&en ar&ic"es abo& &'is .on%$irec&or@s nsa" me&'o$s bi"$in% 4 a "e%en$ aron$ Go$ar$ be!ore &'e!i"m as e*en re"ease$, A!&er on". one !i"m 'e 'a$ es&ab"is'e$ 'imse"! as anim4or&an& ne $irec&or an$ an a&er in 'is on ri%'&,

Anna and Le Pe"i" olda"

E*en be!ore &'e sccess o! 0 bout de souffle Go$ar$ 'a$ been an5ios &o si%n

4 i&' eare%ar$ !or a secon$ !i"m, /e 'a$ a"rea$. annonce$ &'e 4roBec&in &'e 4ress >?@"" s'oo& m. ne5& !i"m in Si&2er"an$, i&' &'ree &imes "essmone. an assis&an& a cameraman &'a&@s a"", ?& i"" be some&'in% abo&&or&re>, eare%ar$ s&e44e$ 4 &'e a$*ance 4b"ici&. b. 4"acin% an a$ in &'e&ra$e Borna" La Cinémato$ra#hie francaise 4roc"aimin% in Go$ar$@s$is&inc&i*e 'an$ri&in% >Jean-Lc Go$ar$ 'o 'as com4"e&e$ .reathless an$is 4re4arin% Le Petit 'oldat see#s .on% oman be&een 1 an$ H< &o ma#e'er bo&' 'is ac&ress an$ 'is !rien$>, ?n !ac& &'e a$ as more o! a s&n& &'anan.&'in% becase &'e $irec&or a"rea$. 'a$ a !irm i$ea in min$ o! &'e ac&ress 'ean&e$ &o s&ar in 'is ne5& mo*ie a .on% oman 'o 'a$ reBec&e$ a ro"e in 0

bout de souffle = Anna arina,

Go$ar$ 'a$ !irs& seen Danis'-born Anna arina &'en a sccess!" .on%mo$e" in a soa4 a$ !or 7a"mo"i*e in 199, S'e 'a$ come &o eare%ar$@so!!ice in res4onse &o 'is &e"e%ram !or an in&er*ie b& 'a$ &rne$ $on &'esma"" 4ar& 'e o!!ere$ 'er in 0 bout de souffle (&'e ro"e ins&ea$ en& &o Li"ianeDa*i$) 'en s'e "earne$ s'e o"$ 'a*e &o a44ear &o4"ess, No Go$ar$ sen&'er a secon$ &e"e%ram 6a$emoise""e &'is &ime i&@s !or &'e 4rinci4a" ro"e>,Anna as ini&ia"". re"c&an& b& on &'e a$*ice o! a !rien$ 'o 'a$ seen anear". screenin% o! 0 bout de souffle s'e en& &o &'e a$i&ion a& 'ic' Go$ar$"oo#e$ 'er 4 an$ $on an$ &o"$ 'er &o come bac# &'e ne5& $a. &o si%n acon&rac&, S'e co"$ no& si%n 'oe*er becase s'e as on". nine&een an$ aminor n$er Frenc' "a so Go$ar$ arran%e$ !or 'er mo&'er &o !". $on !romDenmar# &o si%n i& on 'er be'a"!,

8'e !i"m &'a& Go$ar$ as 4re4arin% &o ma#e an$ in 'ic' arina o"$ co-s&ar concerne$ France@s ar in A"%eria, A Frenc' co"on. since 130 A"%eriaas in a s&a&e o! re*o"& i&' mi"i&an&s !i%'&in% a %erri""a ar !or in$e4en$encesince 19, 8'e 4osi&ion o! Frenc' ci&i2ens an$ so"$iers in &'e con&r. as

becomin% increasin%". $i!!ic"& as &'e. came n$er ss&aine$ a&&ac# !rom&'ese >!ree$om !i%'&ers>, 8'e arm. res4on$e$ i&' esca"a&in% br&a"i&. as $i$

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&'e mi"i&an&". na&iona"is& OAS 'o ere $e&ermine$ &'a& A"%eria o"$remain Frenc', Go$ar$@s &o&a" absor4&ion in &'e cinema in &'e 190s mean&'e>$ remaine$ "ar%e". ob"i*ios &o 'a& as %oin% on in A"%eria n&i" no,8'is "ac# o! en%a%emen& $i$ no& %o nno&ice$ b. &'e in&e""ec&a" "e!&'oa&&ac#e$ &'e ear". !i"ms o! a"" &'e Ne a*e $irec&ors !or &'eir narroconcern i&' 4ri*a&e an$ in&ima&e ma&&ers, 8r!!a& C'abro" an$ Go$ar$>s!rien$s'i4 i&' ri%'&-in% !i%res "i#e Lcien Reba&e& an$ 7a" G:%a!! 'a$e*en "ea$ &o accsa&ions !rom some ;ar&ers &'a& &'e. ere s44or&ers o!e5&reme ri%'&ism, Go$ar$ 'imse"! 'a$ been a&&ac#e$ b. a& "eas& one cri&ic!or 0 bout de souffle@s >!ascis& arro%ance>, Aare &'a& a& &'e *er. "eas& &'e Nea*e as 4ercei*e$ as "ac#in% an. 4o"i&ica" commi&men& Go$ar$ &oo# i& on'imse"! &o ma#e a !i"m re!"ec&in% on &'e A"%erian si&a&ion,

Le Petit 'oldat (The Little 'oldier ) as s'o& in &'e s4rin% o! 190 in Gene*a,

?&s 4ro&a%onis& is rno Fores&ier 4"a.e$ b. 6ic'e" Sbor a s44or&er o! &'eri%'&-in% OAS 'o is on &'e rn in France an$ en%a%e$ in an n$erco*erar in Si&2er"an$, Anna arina 4"a.s eronica Dre.er a 4ro-A"%erianac&i*is& 'o !a""s in "o*e i&' 'im, rno is b"ac#mai"e$ in&o commi&&in% anassassina&ion b& be!ore 'e can carr. i& o& 'e is ca4&re$ an$ &or&re$ b.A"%erian mi"i&an&s, ?ns4ire$ b. Ar&'r oes&"er@s an&i-&o&a"i&arianno*e" !arness at 4oon Go$ar$@s &'eme as &'e na&re o! !ree$om >6.

4risoner is someone 'o is as#e$ a &'in% an$ 'o $oesn@& an& &o $o i&, Js&$oesn@& an& &o an$ 'e resis&s on 4rinci4"e, 8'a&@s 'o ? see "iber&. !rom a

4rac&ica" 4oin& o! *ie, ein% !ree is bein% ab"e &o $o 'a& .o an& 'en

.o an&>, ?& as &'is broa$er ;es&ion ra&'er &'an &'e s&or.@s 4ar&ic"ar 4o"i&ica" con&e5& 'ic' 'e as mos& in&eres&e$ in e54"orin%,

8'e 4ro$c&ion as "on% an$ $ran o& i&' Go$ar$ o!&en ca""in% o!! &'e$a.@s !i"min% oin% &o a "ac# o! ins4ira&ion, Some obser*ers be"ie*e$ Go$ar$as &a#in% 'is &ime so &'a& 'e co"$ s4en$ more &ime i&' arina, 8'in%scame &o a 'ea$ in &'e mi$$"e o! &'e s'oo& 'en &'e 'o"e cre came &o%e&'er!or a $inner in Lasanne, Anna@s bo.!rien$ 'o 'a$ been em4"o.e$ as &'eni& 4'o&o%ra4'er as a& one en$ o! &'e &ab"e i&' Go$ar$ on 'is "e!& an$

Anna on 'is ri%'&, /a"!a. &'ro%' $inner Anna !e"& Go$ar$>s 'an$ %ras4 'ersn$er &'e &ab"e an$ 4& a 4iece o! 4a4er in i&, /e &'en s&oo$ 4 an$ sai$ 'e as"ea*in%, Rs'in% in&o &'e ne5& room $es4era&e &o see 'a& 'e 'a$ %i*en 'erAnna rea$ &'e messa%e on &'e 4a4er 'ic' sai$ >? "o*e .o, Ren$e2-*os a&&'e Ca!: $e "a 7ai5 a& mi$ni%'&,> 'en s'e arri*e$ a& &'e ca!: Go$ar$ asrea$in% a nes4a4er, S'e sa& $on in !ron& o! 'im an$ ai&e$, Fina""."oerin% &'e 4a4er 'e sai$ >So 'ere .o are, Le&@s %o,>

For &'e res& o! &'e s'oo& &'e co4"e ere inse4arab"e an$ 'en i& ra44e$Anna mo*e$ in&o 8'e A"esia &'e 'o&e" on &'e Re C'a&eabrian$ 'ere

Go$ar$ "i*e$, A!&er a !e ee#s 'e as#e$ 'er &o !in$ &'em an a4ar&men&,8'eir !irs& .ear &o%e&'er as &'e 'a44ies& o! &'eir re"a&ions'i4I &'e. o"$

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12/64

$ri*e or a"# aron$ 7aris a& ni%'& a&c' mo*ies an$ *isi& !rien$s, A& &'esame &ime c'arac&er &rai&s emer%e$ = Go$ar$@s Bea"os. an$ arina@s$es4era&e nee$ !or a!!ec&ion = 'ic' o"$ "&ima&e". &ear &'em a4ar&, Anna"a&er reca""e$ &'a& Go$ar$ an&e$ 'er &o %i*e 4 ac&in% com4"e&e". a!&er &'e.mo*e$ in &o%e&'er 'oe*er 'en &'e mains&ream $irec&or 6ic'e" De*i""eo!!ere$ 'er a "ea$in% ro"e in &'e come$. 'e as abo& &o s&ar& !i"min% s'e

Bm4e$ a& &'e c'ance an$ acce4&e$, Go$ar$ as con&em4&os o! &'escreen4"a. !or Ce 'oir ou 3amais (Toni$ht or 4ever5 191) ne*er&'e"ess 'e$ro*e 'er &o &'e se& eac' $a. an$ 'en 'e sa &'e rs'es rea"i2e$ &'a& s'eo"$ be 4er!ec& !or 'is ne5& !i"m &oo,

ne *e$$e e#" une *e$$e

A!&er a crime &'ri""er an$ a s4. !i"m Go$ar$@s ne5& !i"m as a sr4risin%c'an%e o! moo$, %ne femme est une femme ( ) 6oman is a 6oman) as amsica" come$. i&' a rea"is&ic se&&in% an$ an nsen&imen&a" s&or."ine abo& as&ri44er 'o is $e&ermine$ &o 'a*e a bab. an$ b"ac#mai"s 'er bo.!rien$ in&ocommi&&in% &o marria%e an$ 4aren&'oo$ b. 'a*in% an a!!air i&' 'is !rien$,8'e !i"m as b$%e&e$ a& H1 ria". "a&er reca""e$ >ar%e$ "o*e$ eac'o&'er 'a&e$ eac' o&'er screame$ a& eac' o&'er,> Go$ar$ 'a$ s#e&c'e$ o& &'escenerio &o &'e !i"m "on% be!ore 'e me& arina ori%ina"". in&en$in% i& &o be a"i%'&-'ear&e$ come$. b& &'e a$Bs&men&s 'e ma$e $rin% !i"min% ma$e &'es&or. mc' more a&obio%ra4'ica" es4ecia"". in re%ar$ &o &'eir re"a&ions'i4,

8'e 4ara""e"s be&een rea" "i!e an$ &'e mo*ie ere !r&'er n$er"ine$ 'enarina became 4re%nan&, A e$$in% in e%nins Si&2er"an$ on 6arc' 3191 as 'as&i". arran%e$ !o""oe$ &'ree ee#s "a&er b. ano&'er in 7aris !or

&'e bene!i& o! &'e co4"e@s 7arisian !rien$s an$ &'e 4ress, 8'e co4"e no 'a$a re%"ar socia" "i!e !re;en&". *isi&in% !rien$s "i#e A%nes ar$a an$ 'er

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13/64

'sban$ Jac;es Dem. &o 4"a. car$s on Sn$a.s an$ Boinin% arina@s !rien$son &ri4s &o ni%'&c"bs, Go$ar$ o!&en seeme$ neas. in &'ese %a&'erin%s an$rare". s4o#e, Obsesse$ i&' or# 'e o"$ s4en$ 'is &ime a&&'e Cahiers o!!ices or sa. 'e as %oin% o& !or some ci%are&&es an$ re&rn&'ree ee#s "a&er, As a conse;ence Anna as o!&en "e!& a"one in &'ea4ar&men& ai&in% !or &'e 4'one &o rin%, One ni%'& in &'e s4rin% o! 191Go$ar$ re&rne$ 'ome &o !in$ 'er in %rea& $is&ress an$ co*ere$ in b"oo$, S'e'a$ miscarrie$ an$ 'er 'ea"&' as in $an%er, A!&er rec4era&in% in 'os4i&a"s'e re&rne$ 'ome, Unab"e &o $ea" i&' &'e si&a&ion Go$ar$ "e!& 'er in &'ecare o! !rien$s !or se*era" ee#s, On 'is re&rn 'e &rie$ &o ma#e amen$s b.ren&in% a *i""a in &'e so&' o! France b& 'i"e $ri*in% &'ere 'e &rne$ &'e cararon$ sa.in% 'e $i$n@& 'a*e &ime !or i& as 'e 'a$ &oo mc' or# &o $o,

nd o& "he Honey$oon

%ne femme est une femme 4remiere$ a& &'e er"in Fi"m Fes&i*a" in Jne 191,o&' arina an$ &'e !i"m on 4ri2es, 7osi&i*e re*ies $i$ no& 'oe*er&rans"a&e in&o bo5-o!!ice sccess, Go$ar$@s nor&'o$o5 a44roac' &o %enre an$a$acios mi5 o! son$ an$ ima%e 4er4"e5e$ mains&ream a$iences, ?&s!ai"re came a& a &ime 'en &'e Ne a*e as comin% n$er increasin%".'os&i"e a&&ac#s in &'e 4ress !or bein% o*er'.4e$ an$ i""!"". obscre, ?n &'isc"ima&e Go$ar$ s&r%%"e$ &o se& 4 'is ne5& mo*ieI a nmber o! 4roBec&s !e""

&'ro%' inc"$in% a co""abora&ion i&' Ric'ar$ r&on an$ Jeanne 6orea,8o a$$ &o 'is $i!!ic"&ies Le Petit 'oldat as banne$ !rom re"ease in Francean$ abroa$ b. &'e Commission $e con&r"e on &'e %ron$s &'a& i& s'oe$&or&re an$ becase i& as 4ercei*e$ &o be 4ro-A"%erian (&'e ban as !ina""."i!&e$ in December 19H an$ &'e !i"m re"ease$ &'e !o""oin% mon&'),

'i"e Go$ar$ ba&&"e$ &'e censors Anna arina con&ine$ &o es&ab"is' 'erse"!as an ac&ress, ?n Se4&ember 191 s'e s&ar&e$ or# on Le 'oleil dansloeil ('un in the 7*es) $irec&e$ b. Jac;es or$on, Drin% &'e corse o! &'es'oo& s'e be%an an a!!air i&' 'er co-s&ar Jac;es 7errin an$ $eci$e$ s'ean&e$ &o marr. 'im, 'en s'e &o"$ Go$ar$ o! 'er in&en&ion &o "ea*e 'im 'e$es&ro.e$ a"" &'eir 4ossessions an$ "e!& &'e a4ar&men&, La&er &'a& ni%'& s'e &oo# an o*er$ose o! barbi&ra&es, S'e as !on$ b. 7errin 'o ca""e$ anamb"ance, A!&er a !e $a.s in 'os4i&a" s'e as re"ease$, 8'e 4a4ers re4or&e$&'a& Go$ar$ an$ arina o"$ $i*orce an$ &'a& arina o"$ marr. 7errin,& in Janar. o! 19H i& as annonce$ &'a& Go$ar$ an$ arina 'a$reconci"e$ an$ &'a& 'e o"$ $irec& 'er in a ne !i"m,

/i+re a /ie

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14/64

Fi"min% be%an Bs& si5 ee#s "a&er on a "o b$%e& o! 00000 !rancs, 8'e%enre &'is &ime as &ra%e$. &'e b"ea# &a"e o! a .on% oman@s $escen& in&o

4ros&i&&ion an$ e*en&a" mr$er, Go$ar$ concei*e$ &'e !i"m as a s'ocase !or arina@s &a"en&I an a&&em4& a"so 4er'a4s &o sa*e &'eir marria%e &'ro%'cinema&ic co""abora&ion, A& &'e same &ime a!&er a .ear o! in$ecision in 'ic''e 'a$ increasin%". be%n &o ;es&ion an$ cri&ici2e 'is on !i"mma#in%me&'o$s an$ &'e con&en& o! 'is or# &'e mo*ie 4ro*i$e$ Go$ar$ i&' &'eo44or&ni&. &o re$e!ine 'is ne cinema&ic an$ 4'i"oso4'ica" *ision,

From &'e o4enin% scene ma$e 4 o! "on% care!"". com4ose$ s'o&s o!arina>s c'arac&er Nana s'oin% 'er on". !rom be'in$ a& &'e bar o! a ca!: ass'e &e""s 'er 'sban$ s'e is "ea*in% 'im ,ivre sa vie ( (* Life to Live 19H)mar#e$ !or Go$ar$ &'e s&ar& o! a si%ni!ican& ne &ec'nica" an$ aes&'e&ica44roac' &o !i"mma#in%, Fee"in% no &'a& 'e 'a$ mo*e$ &'e camera &oo mc'

in 0 bout de souffle Go$ar$ an$ "on%-&ime co""abora&or Rao" Co&ar$ se$'ea*ier e;i4men& n$er more &ra$i&iona" con$i&ions "i& "oca&ions correc&".an$ ca4&re$ $irec& son$ on "oca&ion ra&'er &'an o*er$bbin% "a&er, 8'esemore con*en&iona" me&'o$s re;ire$ a "ar%er cre 'ic' ma$e eac' se&-4more &ime consmin% &o 4re4are, 8o sa*e &ime &'e. s'o& "on%er &a#es man."as&in% more &'an &'ree min&es, Go$ar$ &o"$ an in&er*ieer &'a& 'e an&e$ >&os'oo& on "oca&ion in na&ra" se&&in%s b& i&'o& ma#in% a !i"m o! re4or&a%e,?& i"" ra&'er be a !i"m in &'e &'ea&rica" s4iri&>, 8'is a. o! !i"min% 'e #neo"$ a""o arina &o %i*e a ss&aine$ 4er!ormance 'ic' &'e camera o"$!rame an$ a""o &o n!o"$ in i&s on &ime, 8'e s&a&emen& a"so ac#no"e$%es

&'e #e. in!"ence o! &'e German 4"a.ri%'& an$ &'ea&rica" &'eoris& er&o"&rec'&, Go$ar$ %o& &'e i$ea o! $i*i$in% &'e narra&i*e in&o &e"*e $is&inc&c'a4&ers or &'ea&rica" &ab"ea5 !rom The Three#enn* +#era an$ rec'&@sconce4& o! e4ic &'ea&re an$ 'is se o! >$is&ancin% e!!ec&s> o"$ becomeincreasin%". im4or&an& in Go$ar$@s or# !rom &'is !i"m onar$s,

,ivre sa vie 4ro*e$ a brea#&'ro%' !or Go$ar$, ?& $i!!ere$ ra$ica"". in sbBec&ma&&er s&."e !orm an$ &ec'ni;e !rom 'is !irs& &'ree !i"ms b& in &'e "on% rno"$ 4ro*e a"mos& as in!"en&ia" as 'is mc'-'era"$e$ $eb&, A& &'e 19H

enice Fi"m Fes&i*a" $es4i&e bein% booe$ a!&er &'e screenin% &'e !i"m on &'eCri&ics 7ri2e an$ &'e S4ecia" Jr. 7ri2e, 6os& cri&ics imme$ia&e". reco%ni2e$&'e !i"m@s ac'ie*emen&, One 'era"$e$ &'e !i"m as >a ne mas&er4iece> an$ran#e$ i& a"on%si$e &'e !i"ms o! Rosse""ini an$ resson 'i"e ano&'er ca""e$ i&>&'e !irs& abso"&e !"a"ess !i"m b. Go$ar$>, 8'e !i"m@s bri""iance 4& &'e$irec&or a& &'e !ore!ron& o! &'e Ne a*e an$ 'e"4e$ &o re-es&ab"is' &'emo*emen& as an in&e""ec&a" an$ aes&'e&ic !orce Bs& a& &'e momen& 'en i&s!&re seeme$ mos& in $ob&,

Di+i#ion and Colla0ora"ion

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15/64

A& &'e same &ime &'e ori%ina" members o! &'e Ne a*e ere no "on%er asc"ose as &'e. 'a$ once been a !ac& ac#no"e$%e$ b. Go$ar$ in a 4os&car$ 'esen& &o 8r!!a& some&ime in 19H in 'ic' 'e ro&e >e ne*er see eac' o&'er an. more i&>s com4"e&e". s&4i$, es&er$a. ? en& &o see C"a$e s'oo& i& as&errib"e e 'a$ no&'in% &o sa. &o eac' o&'er, Li#e in &'e son% in &'e 4a"e "i%'&o! $an &'ere isn>& e*en an. !rien$s'i4, e>*e eac' &a#en o!! !or or on

4"ane& an$ e no "on%er see eac' o&'er in c"ose 4 b& on". in "on% s'o&,>

?n a *arie&. o! 4b"ica&ions a $eba&e &oo# 4"ace be&een 8r!!a& an$ Go$ar$o*er 'a& in !ac& &'e Ne a*e as an$ 'a& co"$ an$ s'o"$ be $one &oresce i&, 8r!!a& ar%e$ &'a& &'e a44"ica&ion o! &'e /o"".oo$ !orm"as &'a&'e an$ &'e o&'er Cahiers cri&ics 'a$ a$sorbe$ as &'e on". a. !or &'e Nea*e &o reac' &'e mains&ream, For Go$ar$ &'e 'is&orica" an$ cri&ica"orien&a&ion &'a& $e!ine$ &'e Ne a*e as a con&ra$ic&ion, >A& &'e momen&

&'a& e can $o cinema e can no "on%er $o &'e cinema &'a& %a*e s &'e $esire&o $o i&> 'e ro&e, For 'im &'e cinema&ic canon $e!ine$ b. /i&c'coc# an$/a#s as a 4oin& o! $e4ar&re a "os& 4ara$ise &'a& co"$ ne*er be re%aine$,One o! &'e !ormer co""ea%es 'o Go$ar$ $i$ con&ine &o see re%"ar". asJac;es Ri*e&&e 'o as a& &'is &ime a&&em4&in% &o raise mone. !or acinema&ic a$a4&a&ion o! Di$ero&@s La Reli$ieuse (The 4un), an&in% &o 'e"4Ri*e&&e an$ 4romo&e 'is i!e>s $esire &o become a serios ac&ress Go$ar$ 4ai$!or a &'ea&rica" s&a%in% o! &'e or# a& &'e 8':a&re $es C'am4s-E".s:es in &'ea&mn o! 19H, Anna>s 4er!ormance as a &rim4' innin% 4ri2es an$com4"imen&s !rom "ea$in% &'ea&rica" "i%'&s,

?n or$er &o 4a. !or &'e s&a%in% Go$ar$ 'a$ si%ne$ con&rac&s i&' &'ree$i!!eren& 4ro$cers an$ no 4rocee$e$ &o !i"m &'e &'ree commissions in ;ic# sccession, 8'e !irs& as a s'or& !i"m Le 4ouveau (onde (The 4ew 6orld ) !or an ?&a"ian com4i"a&ion ca""e$ RoGoPaG (193) a!&er &'e !or $irec&orsin*o"*e$ = Rosse""ini Go$ar$ 7aso"ini an$ Gre%ore&&i, Go$ar$@scon&rib&ion se& in 7aris a!&er a nc"ear e54"osion &e""s &'e s&or. o! a man 'ono&ices s&ran%e c'an%es in a"" &'e 4eo4"e aron$ 'im inc"$in% 'is %ir"!rien$,8'e secon$ !i"m Les Carabiniers (193) base$ on a s&a%e 4"a. an$ co-ri&&en

i&' Rosse""ini as abo& &'e 'orror an$ 4oin&"essness o! ar an$ a%ains'oe$ &'e in!"ence o! rec'&, ?&s &o 4easan& 4ro&a%onis&s en"is& in &'e arm.o! &'e #in% &o 4i""a%e &'e or"$, 8'e. sen$ 4os&car$s 'ome &o &'eir i*es&e""in% &a"es o! &'eir e54"oi&s b& %ra$a"". become $isi""sione$ as &'e. !in$&'emse"*es s&i"" 4oor an$ no on$e$, 8'e &'ir$ 4roBec& = a me$im "en%&'!i"m Le Grand 7scroc(The Great 'windler ) = as ma$e !or ano&'ercom4i"a&ion !i"m Les Plus .elles 7scroqueries du monde (The Greatest'windles in the 6orld 193) an$ !ea&re$ Jean Seber% as a cinemaverité $irec&or 'o is arres&e$ !or 4assin% on a con&er!ei& no&e,


16/64

Bardo" and Le 1epri#

8oar$s &'e en$ o! 19H Geor%es $e eare%ar$ "earne$ &'a& France@s bi%%es& mo*ie s&ar ri%i&&e ar$o& 'a$ e54resse$ a $esire &o or# i&'Go$ar$, 8'e 4ro$cer o!!ere$ 'er &'e "ea$ ro"e in Go$ar$@s a$a4&a&ion o!A"ber&o 6ora*ia@s no*e" Le (e#ris (Contem#t ) abo& a screenri&er an$ 'is!ai"in% marria%e, ar$o& si%ne$ &'e con&rac& in Janar. o! 193 &o 4"a. &'e 4ar&o! Cami""e &'e screenri&er@s i!e, i&' sc' a '%e s&ar a&&ac'e$ eare%ar$an$ 'is ?&a"ian 4ar&ner Car"o 7on&i ere ab"e &o raise a b$%e& o! 1 mi""ionmc' o! i& !rom &'e American 4ro$cer Jose4' E, Le*ine, For Go$ar$ &'e smas n4rece$en&e$ b& mean& or#in% i&'in &'e cons&rain&s o! a norma"

4ro$c&ion as e"" as $ea"in% i&' &'e in&ense 4ress an$ me$ia ac&i*i&. &'a&srron$e$ ar$o&,

?n &'e e*en& &'e s'oo& 'ic' &oo# 4"ace in an$ aron$ Rome an$ Ca4ri 4ro*e$ mc' more $i!!ic"& &'an an.one co"$ 'a*e an&ici4a&e$, ar$o& as&'e 4rinci4"e &ar%e& o! ?&a".@s 4a4ara22i 'o crea&e$ re"en&"ess commo&ionaron$ &'e se&, 6ean'i"e &'e m&a" a44recia&ion be&een s&ar an$ $irec&orsoon &rne$ &o $isi""sionmen&, ar$o& !e"& nab"e &o !or%e an. #in$ o!

4ersona" re"a&ions'i4 i&' Go$ar$ an$ $e&ac'e$ 'erse"! b. "oc#in% 'erse"! in'er 'o&e" i&' 'er !rien$s an$ en&ora%e, Go$ar$@s re"a&ions i&' Jac#7a"ance 'o 4"a.e$ &'e !ic&iona" 4ro$cer 7ro#osc' ere e*en orse, 8'eAmerican ac&or became !rs&ra&e$ b. Go$ar$@s 'an$s o!! me&'o$ o! $irec&in%ac&ors an$ o4en". *oice$ 'is e5as4era&ion &o a Borna"is& >e ne*er #no in

a$*ance 'a& e@re %oin% &o $o, 8'ere@s a"mos& no $ia"o%e, ?&@s &'e ors&e54erience ?@*e e*er 'a$P ?&@s ma$nessP> 7a"ance e*en&a"". re!se$ &o s4ea# &oGo$ar$ 4assin% 'is remar#s &'ro%' an ?&a"ian se& $ecora&or 'o s4o#e noEn%"is' ins&ea$,

Go$ar$@s s&orm. re"a&ions'i4 i&' arina a$$e$ &o 'is oes, Drin% &'e s'oo&s'e *isi&e$ 'im in Rome 'ere one e*enin% &'e. en& &o a ni%'&c"b,Someone in*i&e$ arina &o $ance an$ 'en s'e sa& bac# $on Go$ar$ %a*e'er a s"a4 in &'e !ace in !ron& o! e*er.one, 8'eir e54erience o! marria%e

became &'e ins4ira&ion !or &'e !ic&iona" c'arac&ers in &'e !i"m, ?n$ee$ &'ec'arac&er o! Cami""e as $e&ermine$ more b. arina@s 4ersona"i&. &'anar$o&@s an$ man. o! &'e "ines s4o#en b. &'e c'arac&er ere &'in%s &'a&arina 'erse"! 'a$ sai$ &o 'er 'sban$, ?n one scene Go$ar$ 'a$ ar$o& ear&'e s'or& $ar# i% &'a& arina 'a$ orn in,ivre sa vie an$ Go$ar$ e*en as#e$'er &o a"# "i#e arina, A& &'e same &ime 6ic'e" 7icco"i 'o 4"a.e$ &'e'sban$ "oo#e$ an$ be'a*e$ "i#e Go$ar$ e*en $on &o earin% 'is c"o&'es,

'en &'e 4ro$cers sa &'e !irs& c& o! &'e !i"m &'e. ere $isa44oin&e$, ?n 4ar&ic"ar &'e. ere $isa44oin&e$ &'a& ar$o& as no& s'on in &'e n$e o!&en

eno%', A!&er a 4ro&rac&e$ ba&&"e "as&in% se*era" mon&'s $rin% 'ic' &'e 4ro$cers &'rea&ene$ &o re-e$i& &'e !i"m &o &'eir on sa&is!ac&ion Go$ar$

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17/64

!ina"". a%ree$ &o s'oo& some ne scenes !or &'e !i"m, A& a cos& o! &en&.&'osan$ $o""ars an e5ac& s&$io re4"ica o! &'e a4ar&men& in Rome 'ere 'e'a$ !i"me$ as crea&e$, /ere 'e s'o& &'e o4enin% scene in 'ic' Cami""e "iesna#e$ on &'e be$ an$ names &'e 4ar&s o! 'er bo$. an$ as#s 'er 'sban$'e&'er 'e "o*es &'em a"",

Le (e#ris as &'e c"oses& &'in% &o a con*en&iona" mo*ie &'a& Go$ar$ 'a$ma$e an$ 'as remaine$ one o! 'is bes&- #non an$ mos& ce"ebra&e$ or#s, Asa re!"e5i*e commen&ar. on &'e en$ o! /o"".oo$@s c"assic era i& re4resen&e$Go$ar$@s *ie &'a& &'e %o"$en a%e o! a&er $irec&ors or#in% i&'in &'es&$io s.s&em as o*er, >Or &ra%e$.> 'e commen&e$ >as &'in#in% &'a& eere comin% in &'e mi$$"e o! some&'in% 'en in !ac& e ere comin% a& &'een$ o! i&,>

A "ory o& Gold

La&e in 193 Go$ar$ an$ arina a%ain se4ara&e$ an$ a%ain so%'&reconci"ia&ion &'ro%' a s'are$ !i"m 4roBec&, ?& 'a$ been a"mos& &o .earssince &'e. 'a$ or#e$ &o%e&'er in ,ivre sa vie, Since &'en s'e 'a$ a44eare$ ina nmber o! commercia" *e'ic"es an$ 'a$ become a e""-#non ac&ress,/oe*er s'e as b. no means a s&ar an$ $es4i&e &'e acc"aim s'e 'a$ recei*e$!or some o! &'ese ro"es 'a$ !ai"e$ &o reac' &'e ar&is&ic 'ei%'&s ac'ie*e$

&'ro%' co""abora&ions i&' 'er 'sban$, 8'e ne !i"m .ande 8 #art ( .and of +utsiders) base$ on an American crime no*e" ca""e$ &ools Gold 'a$ mc'ri$in% on i& !or Go$ar$, Sccess o"$ 'e"4 &o es&ab"is' 'is ne 4ro$c&ioncom4an. Anoc'#a Fi"ms as e"" as re-es&ab"is'in% 'im as a commercia"$irec&or, E*en more im4or&an&". i& o"$ %i*e arina &'e #in$ o! sccess s'ecra*e$ an$ b. $oin% so 'e 'o4e$ o"$ 'e"4 secre &'eir marria%e,

8'a& in&er as Go$ar$ or#e$ on 4re-4ro$c&ion !or &'e ne!i"m arina &rie$ a%ain &o commi& sici$e, 8'is &ime s'e as a"one !or a'o"e ee#en$ an$ o"$ 'a*e $ie$ i! &'e ?&a"ian 4ain&er 'o as $ecora&in%

&'e 'ose 'a$ no& !or%o&&en 'is #e.s an$ come bac# &o re&rie*e &'em, A& &'is 4oin& Go$ar$ 'a$ 'er commi&&e$ &o a men&a" 'os4i&a", A!&er a ni%'&maris's4e"" insi$e s'e !on$ 'erse"! &a"#in% i&' a $oc&or abo& '. s'e an&e$ &o$ie an$ !or &'e !irs& &ime be%an &o come &o &erms i&' &'e $ea&' o! 'er c'i"$,'en Go$ar$ 4ic#e$ 'er 4 a& &'e en$ o! Febrar. 'e &o"$ 'er &'e. o"$

be%in s'oo&in% &'e ne mo*ie in &'ree $a.s,

S&arin% a"on%si$e arina ere C"a$e rasser an$ Sami Fre. as a co4"e o! 4e&&. crimina"s searc'in% !or a bi% score, S'o& in s&ar# b"ac# an$ 'i&e on

"oca&ion in a %re. in&r. 7aris &'e !i"m is roo&e$ in &'e concre&e rea"i&. o! bi""boar$s ca!:s an$ &'e me&ro an$ .e& 'as an e5berance in #ee4in% i&' &'e

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18/64

mo*ie-ins4ire$ !an&asies o! &'e &'ree "ea$ c'arac&ers, 8'e !i"m@s !ree'ee"in%casa" air as no acci$en& 'oe*er, Accor$in% &o Sami Fre. >E*er.&'in% as*er. 4recise $eci$e$ in a$*ance = e*en &'e $e&ai"s>, 8'is inc"$e$ &'e !amosse;ence in 'ic' &'e &'ree "ea$s $ance >&'e 6a$ison> in a ca!: (&'e ac&ors'o ere no& s#i""e$ $ancers re'earse$ $ai". !or a mon&' &o %e& i& ri%'&),

'en &'e !i"m as s'on a& &'e 19 Cannes Fes&i*a" Go$ar$ in 'is ro"e as 4ro$cer 4romo&e$ i& $&i!"". b& co"$n@& $is%ise 'is 4ersona" !ee"in% &'a&'e 'a$ com4romise$ 'imse"! &o 4"ease o&'er 4eo4"e, ?n an a$ in Le &ilm

&rancaise 'e ro&e >'a& $oes &'e mo*ie-%oin% 4b"ic an&Q sai$ Gri!!i&', Are*o"*er an$ a %ir"P ?& is in res4onse &o &'is $esire &'a& ? 'a*e s'o& an$Co"mbia is $is&rib&in% .and of +utsiders a s&or. o! %o"$ 'ic' i"" se"" "o&so! &ic#e&s>, /oe*er 'en &'e !i"m as re"ease$ in &'e smmer o! &'a& .earno& on". $i$ i& !ai" a& &'e bo5 o!!ice b& i& as reBec&e$ b. cri&ics inc"$in%

&'ose 'o 'a$ 4re*ios". c'am4ione$ &'e $irec&or@s or#,

Drin% &'e ma#in% o! .ande 8 #art Go$ar$ an$ arina reconci"e$ mo*in%in&o a ne a4ar&men& in &'e La&in ar&er, arina con&ine$ or#in%acce4&in% a s44or&in% ro"e in Jean Are"@s !e lamour !i"me$ in A4ri" 19an$ a s&arrin% ro"e o44osi&e6arice Rone& in Le ,oleur de Tibidabo (The Thief of Tibidado), Drin% !i"min% Rone& an$ arina 'a$ an a!!air an$ in &'eres"&in% !a""o& Go$ar$ an$ arina se4ara&e$ an$ !i"e$ !or $i*orce,

A 1odern Lo+e A&&air

'i"e a& Cannes &'e 4ro%rammer o! &'e enice Fi"m Fes&i*a" 'a$ &o"$ Go$ar$'o $isa44oin&e$ 'e as &'a& .ande 8 #art 'a$ 4remiere$ &'ere ins&ea$ o! a&'is !es&i*a", ?n res4onse Go$ar$ o!!ere$ &o ma#e ano&'er !i"m &'a& o"$ be!inis'e$ in &'ree mon&'s in &ime &o $eb& a& enice, /e &'en &oo# a %erm o! ani$ea 'e 'a$ abo& a marrie$ oman 'a*in% an a!!air 'o becomes 4re%nan&an$ on$ers 'o &'e !a&'er is an$ accor$in% &o Rao" Co&ar$ ma$e %ne

&emme mariée ( ) (arried 6oman) = !rom !irs& $a. o! 4re-4ro$c&ion &o !ina"e$i& = in a mon&',

8a#in% &'e c"assic "o*e &rian%"e as 'is &'eme !or &'e !i"m Go$ar$ crea&e$ anne;i*oca"". mo$ernis& !i"m sbs&i&&in% me"o$rama !or a s&ar&"in%".abs&rac& s&."e o! !i"mma#in%, ?& as 'is mos& o4en". 4'i"oso4'ica" !i"m &o $a&e$e4ic&in% i$eas !ami"iar !rom &'e or# o! An&onioni sc' as commnica&ion

brea#$on an$ i$en&i&. crisis an$ se&&in% &'em a%ains& &'e mo$ern ma"aise o!consmerism an$ a$*er&isin%, ?& a"so re4resen&e$ Go$ar$@s on an%is'e$!ee"in%s abo& in!i$e"i&. an$ con&aine$ a nmber o! 4ersona" re!erences &o 'is

on marria%e,

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19/64

'en %ne &emme mariée as s'on a& &'e enice !es&i*a" i& as *er. e""recei*e$, Frenc' cri&ics !e"" o*er &'emse"*es &o 'ai" &'e !i"m as a maBorac'ie*emen&, 'en i& as re"ease$ na&iona"". in December 19 Geor%esSa$o" o! Les Lettres francaises 4raise$ &'e !i"m e5&ra*a%an&". an$ 4roc"aime$Go$ar$ &o be bo&' a %rea& ar&is& an$ one o! &'e mos& im4or&an& &'in#ers o! &'ea%e, /e ro&e >?& is e*en more b. 'is i$eas &'an b. 'is r'e&oric &'a& Go$ar$

be"on%s 4ro!on$". an$ conscios". &o or &imes, es&er$a. 'e as#e$ 'imse"! ;es&ions, 8o$a. 'e ansers &'em>, e& ironica"". $es4i&e &'e acc"aimGo$ar$ !e"& increasin%". "os& as a !i"mma#er, Js& a& &'e momen& 'en 'e as

becomin% 4ro%ressi*e". more en%a%e$ i&' &'e 4o"i&ica" socia" an$in&e""ec&a" concerns o! &'e &ime 'e as becomin% increasin%". nsre o! 'o

bes& &o 4or&ra. &'em on screen,

A$erican Acclai$

?n America Go$ar$@s re4&a&ion as in &'e ascen$en& &oo, 8'e es&eeme$ cri&ic7a"ine ae" 'a$ 4raise$ 'is ear". !i"ms as 'a$ An$re Sarris 'osein!"en&ia" 19H ar&ic"e in &ilm Culture5 >No&es on &'e A&er 8'eor.> asins4ire$ b. &'e Cahiers du Cinéma cri&ics an$ &'eir *ie &'a& 4o4"ar $irec&orssc' as /i&c'coc# /a#s Same" F""er an$ Nic'o"as Ra. ere as mc'ar&is&s as an. o! &'e more &ra$i&iona"". re*ere$ ar& !i"m $irec&ors, ?n Se4&ember19 Go$ar$ came &o Ne or# &o 4resen&%ne femme est une

femme an$ .ande 8 #art a& &'e 7'i"'armonic /a"" &o %rea& acc"aim, Les (é#ris an$ %ne femme mariéeere re"ease$ !or &'e !irs& &ime in America soona!&er,

6an. .on% !i"mma#ers in America ere a"rea$. "oo#in% 4 &o Go$ar$ as &'emos& im4or&an& $irec&or o! 'is %enera&ion, 8o o! &'em = Rober& en&on an$Da*i$ Neman = as#e$ 'im &o $irec& &'eir screen4"a. abo& &'e o&"asonnie 7ar#er an$ C".$e arro, Go$ar$ "i#e$ &'e scri4& an$ as rea$. &ocommi& &o be%in !i"min% a"mos& imme$ia&e". b& i& &rne$ o& &'e 4ro$cers$i$n@& 'a*e &'e mone. in 4"ace an$ Go$ar$ 'a$ &o re&rn &o France &o ma#e 'isne5& !i"m (i& e*en&a"". en& in&o 4ro$c&ion &o .ears "a&er i&' Ar&'r 7ennas $irec&or an$ i&s s&ar arren ea&&. as 4ro$cer),

Ci"y o& Pain

8'e !i"m &'a& Go$ar$ ma$e ins&ea$ o! .onnie andCl*de as )l#haville (19) an a$acios mi5 o! &'e Sci-Fi an$ Fi"m Noir%enres &'a& o"$ become one o! 'is mos& iconic mo*ies, 8'e !i"ms&arre$ E$$ie Cons&an&ine as &'e &renc'-coa& earin% secre& a%en& Lemm.

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20/64

Ca&ion 'o &ra*e"s &o &'e $ar# $.s&o4ian ci&. o! A"4'a*i""e 'ere "i!e is%o*erne$ b. a %ian& com4&er an$ emo&ion is a crime 4nis'ab"e b. $ea&',A"&'o%' se& in &'e !&re &'e !i"m as ac&a"". s'o& in *arios "oca&ions incon&em4orar. 7aris sc' as &'e s&$ios o! Frenc' na&iona" ra$io &'e *as&com4&er researc' com4"e5 o! "" &'e ne mo$ern o!!ice an$ resi$en&ia"com4"e5 o! La D:!ense an$ on ne". bi"& roa$s rnnin% &'ro%' &nne"s%"oin% i&' eerie ban#s o! "i%'&s, A$$in% &o &'e o&'eror$". a&mos4'ereGo$ar$ as#e$ Rao" Co&ar$ &o crea&e a "oo# o! e5&reme 'i%' con&ras& i&'o&sin% an. "i%'&s re%ar$"ess o! "o-"i%'& con$i&ions, ?n$ee$ mc' o! &'e !i"mas s'o& a& ni%'& a$$in% &o &'e sense o! a"iena&in% $ar#ness, >? an&e$ ane54ressionis&ic s&."e> Go$ar$ e54"aine$, >?n !i"min% &'in%s &'a& e see e*er.$a. ? an&e$ &'em &o arose !ear, i&'o& c'ea&in%, 8'e &'in%s are &'ere, One"oo#s a& &'em, An$ s$$en". one $isco*ers &'a& &'e. are no& a& a"" as one&'o%'&,>

Js& a !e ee#s be!ore !i"min% be%an on )l#haville Go$ar$ an$ arina@s$i*orce as !ina"i2e$, Des4i&e &'is arina remaine$ as &'e !i"m@s !ema"e "ea$

Na&as'a an$ once a%ain Go$ar$ ins&i""e$ &'e s&or. i&' 'is on 4ersona"concerns, Lemm. Ca&ion &'e &o%' %. secre& a%en& &rns o& &o be aroman&ic 'o see#s &o "ibera&e a r&'"ess". "o%ica" .e& mis%i$e$ oman!rom &'e e5&erna" !orces &'a& 'a*e con&ro" o*er 'er min$ an$ in so $oin%&eac' 'er 'a& i& !ee"s &o &r". "o*e someone, ?n o&'er or$s i& as ana""e%or. !or 'o Go$ar$ sa 'is on s&r%%"es i&' Anna arina, /is ne5&!i"m o"$ be an e*en more e54"ici& o&4orin% o! 'is !ee"in%s abo& 'is e5-

i!e,

Pierro" le &ou

Pierrot le fou (19) as base$ on a no*e" b. Lione" 'i&e, Jean-7a"e"mon$o &oo# &'e &i&"e ro"e o! Fer$inan$7ierro& 'o rns aa. !rom 'iscom!or&ab"e b& borin% bor%eois "i!e in 7aris i&' &'e !ami". bab.si&&er

4"a.e$ b. Anna arina 'o 'erse"! is bein% 4rse$ b. A"%erian %an%s&ers,8ra*e""in% so&' in s&o"en cars &'e. reac' &'e sea 'ere &'e. !in$ sanc&ar. onan is"an$ b& &'eir i$.""ic "i!e is soon &'rea&ene$ b. &'eir con!"ic&in% $esires,

Go$ar$ $ec"are$ &'a& in ma#in% Pierrot le fou 'e !e"& as i! 'e ere ma#in%'is !irs& !i"m@I &earin% 4 &'e o"$ roa$ ma4 an$ se&&in% o& !or n#non&erri&or., Des4i&e &'is $ec"ara&ion o! a ne be%innin% 'oe*er Pierrot as inman. a.s a c"mina&ion o! e*er.&'in% &'a& 'a$ come be!ore, Once a%ain &'es&or. concerne$ a "o*e a!!air &'a& "ea$s &o $isi""sionmen& an$ $ea&' an$!ea&re$ ;o&a&ions !rom "i&era&re o&'er mo*ies msica" in&er"$es se"!-

re!eren&ia" Bo#iness co"ore$ !i"&ers an$ car cras'es, C'arac&eris&ica"". Go$ar$!i"me$ &'e %enre e"emen&s o! &'e s&or. i&' a cons4icos "ac# o! in&eres&

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21/64

!ocsin% ins&ea$ on &'e crea&ion o! n!or%e&&ab"e ima%es an$ arres&in%se;ences, /e $escribe$ &'e crea&ion o! &'e !i"m as com4"e&e". nconscios@an$ &'e s'oo& as a #in$ o! 'a44enin%@, 8'e !ree$om o! &'is a44roac' a""oe$Go$ar$ &o &rn a s&an$ar$ 4"4 &'ri""er in&o a $ee4". 4ersona" an$ emo&iona"".ra s&a&emen& abo& &'e s&a&e o! &'e or"$ &'e na&re o! ar& an$ mos&im4or&an&". &'e brea#$on o! 'is on marria%e,

8'a& &'e !i"m &rne$ o& as e"" as i& $i$ as some&'in% o! a mirac"econsi$erin% &'e $i!!ic"&ies o! &'e s'oo&, Go$ar$ "a&er reca""e$ >'en ?

be%an Pierrot le fou one ee# be!ore ? as com4"e&e". 4anic#e$, ? $i$n@&#no 'a& &o $o, ase$ on &'e boo# e 'a$ a"rea$. es&ab"is'e$ a"" &'e"oca&ions e 'a$ 'ire$ &'e 4eo4"eM an$ ? as on$erin% 'a& e ere%oin% &o $o i&' i& a"">, Com4"ica&in% ma&&ers Go$ar$ 'a$ c'osen &o !i"m in8ec'nisco4e a ne i$escreen 4rocess &'a& bro%'& i&' i& man.

incon*eniences inc"$in% &'e nee$ &o s'oo& i&' 'i%'-con&ras& si$e-"i%'&in% inor$er &o %i*e &'e ima%e $e!ini&ion, 8'e res"&in% cons&rain&s s"oe$ $on &'e

4ro$c&ion an$ res&raine$ Go$ar$@s s4on&anei&., 8'e $irec&or #non !or 'isirri&abi"i&. on se& e*en a& &'e bes& o! &imes as nsa"". ba$-&em4ere$&'ro%'o& &'e s'oo&, /e as 4ar&ic"ar". *enomos &oar$s arina = a& one

4oin& $rin% a scene s'e as#e$ 'im 'a& s'e s'o"$ $o an$ 'e ansere$ >o'a*e a mo&' &o &a"# i&' $on@& .oQ> e"mon$o $escribe$ &'em as >"i#e acobra an$ a mon%oose a"a.s %"arin% a& eac' o&'er,>

Pierrot le fou as booe$ 'en i& 4remiere$ a& &'e enice Fi"m Fes&i*a" an$nsccess!" a& &'e bo5 o!!ice 'en re"ease$ in 7aris in 19 &'o%' i& asno& i&'o& i&s s44or&ers, 6ic'e" Corno& $escribe$ i& as &'e mos& bea&i!"!i"m ?@*e seen in m. "i!e>, An$re Sarris ri&in% in 199 ca""e$ i& &'e #in$ o! "as& !i"m a $irec&or can ma#e on". once in 'is career>, i&' &'e bene!i& o!'in$si%'& &'e !i"m no "oo#s "i#e Go$ar$@s !on$ !aree"" &o &'e !irs& 4ar& o!'is career a "as& ma$ca4 roman&ic esca4a$e be!ore en%a%in% i&' moreserios concerns, ?& is a"so a !aree"" &o arina an$ in a a. a resi%ne$ac#no"e$%emen& &'a& &'e. ere ne*er mean& &o be &o%e&'er, A"&'o%'6arianne be&ra.s Fer$inan$ &'ere is no ma"ice in 'er 4or&ra.a" an$ in &'e

!ina" *oice-o*er &'ere is a s%%es&ion &'a& 4er'a4s &'e. are &o%e&'er in e&erni&.,

The Children o& 1ar2 and Coca-Cola

Un$er"inin% &'e !ac& &'a& Pierrot mar#e$ a brea# i&' &'e 4as& Go$ar$@s ne5&!i"m !on$ 'im or#in% i&' a ne 4ro$cer (Ana&o"e Daman) ne ac&ors(Jean-7ierre Lea$ an$ C'an&e" Go.a) a ne cameraman (i"". ran&) an$

4ro$c&ion &eam, (asculin &éminin (19) as base$ on &o G. $e

6a4assan& s'or& s&ories b& !or Go$ar$ &'e rea" mo&i*a&ion !or ma#in% &'e!i"m as &'e c'ance &o e54"ore &'e "i*es an$ a&&i&$es o! &'e .on%er

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22/64

%enera&ion, >? c'ose .on% 4eo4"e becase ? no "on%er #no 'ere ? am !rom&'e 4oin& o! *ie o! cinema, ? am in searc' o! &'e cinema, ? 'a*e &'e sense o!'a*in% "os& i&, C'a&&in% i&' .on% 4eo4"e &o !in$ m.se"! a%ain as easier &'ani&' a$"&s becase a$"&s 'a*e &oo man. 4ersona" 4rob"ems an$ &o %e& &o &'e

bo&&om o! &'in%s &'ere is an immense amon& o! or# &'a& one $oesn@& 'a*e&ime &o $o in &'e corse o! a !i"mM 8'is !i"m is &'s a nee$ &o s4ea# i&'

4eo4"e 'o are more o4en, 'o 'a*e &'eir "i*es be!ore &'em,>

Go$ar$ cas& Jean-7ierre L:a$ &'e s&ar o! 8r!!a&@s Les Quatre CentsCou#s (199) as 7a" a roman&ic .on% i$ea"is& an$ ri&er 'o c'ases

b$$in% 4o4 s&ar 6a$e"eine (C'an&e" Go.a a rea" "i!e :-.: %ir"), Des4i&emar#e$". $i!!eren& msica" &as&es an$ 4o"i&ica" "eanin%s &'e &o soon becomeroman&ica"". in*o"*e$ an$ be%in a ména$e 8 quatre i&' 6a$e"eine@s &oroomma&es Ca&'erine (Ca&'erine-?sabe""e D4or&) an$ E"isabe&' (6ar"ne

Jober&), i&'in &'e sim4"e narra&i*e !rameor# &'e !i"m mi5e$ o!!-&'e-c!!re4or&a%e in*en&i*e mise en sc9ne sa&ire an$ &ra%e$. &o crea&e a s&ri#in%".'ones& 4or&rai& o! .o&' an$ se5 in mi$-0s 7aris, 7a"ine ae" ri&in% in&'e 4ew Re#ublic 4oin&e$ o& &'e $i!!erence !rom &'e ear"ier !i"ms >Usin%nei&'er crime nor &'e romance o! crime b& a sim4"e #in$ o! romance !or a#in$ o! in&ero*en s&or. "ine Go$ar$ 'as a& "as& crea&e$ &'e !orm 'e nee$e$,?& is a combina&ion o! essa. Borna"is&ic s#e&c'es nes an$ 4or&rai&re "o*e".ric an$ sa&ire,>

Dou0le /i#ion#

Soon a!&er (asculin &éminin Go$ar$ ma$e ano&'er !i"m i&' 4ro$cerAna&o"e Daman &'a& &oo# &'is ne conce4&ion o! cinema ano&'er s&a%e!r&'er, !eu: ou trios choses que 3e sais delle (Two or Three Thin$s " now

)bout ;er 19


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eno%', Go$ar$ &oo# 4 &'e c'a""en%e $isa44earin% in&o a boo#s'o4 an$emer%in% i&' a $e&ec&i*e no*e" b. Ric'ar$ S&ar# ca""e$ The /u$$er abo& a&o%' crimina" name$ 7ar#er 'o %oes "oo#in% !or an o"$ associa&e 'o#nos &oo mc', Go$ar$ $escribe$ &'e !i"m rename$ (ade in %') as >&'econBnc&ion in m. min$ o! &'ree $esires &o $o a !a*or !or a !rien$ &o 'i%'"i%'&&'e Americani2a&ion o! Frenc' "i!e an$ &o ma#e se o! one o! &'e e4iso$es in&'e en ar#a a!!air>, 8'is "as& re!erence as &o a "e!&-in% 6oroccan$issi$en& 'o 'a$ $isa44eare$ !rom &'e s&ree&s o! 7aris, 8'e rmors ere &'a&&'e Frenc' secre& 4o"ice 'a$ cons4ire$ i&' &'e crimina" n$eror"$ &o $e"i*er ar#a &o 6oroccan a%en&s,

o&' !i"ms en& in&o 4ro$c&ion a"mos& sim"&aneos". in &'e smmer o!19, For se*era" ee#s Go$ar$ as s'oo&in% (ade in %') in &'e mornin%an$ !eu: ou trois choses in &'e a!&ernoon, 'i"e (ade in %') as a

conscios !aree"" &o Anna arina 'o s&ars as &'e &renc'coa&-earin%$e&ec&i*e 'ero o! &'e s&or. !eu: ou trois choses que 3e sais delle 'a$ been

4"anne$ as a s'ocase !or &'e ne oman in Go$ar$@s "i!e 6arina "a$.,/oe*er &'e ac&ress = se$ &o or#in% in &'e mains&ream cinema = !on$Go$ar$@s s&."e o! $irec&ion *er. $i!!ic"&, /e an&e$ 'er &o be'a*e as na&ra"".as s'e $i$ in rea" "i!e, 'en 'e ca""e$ c&@ s'e re"a5e$ an$ became moreo4en b& 'e as nab"e &o %e& 'er in &'is s&a&e $rin% &'e s'oo&, ?ns&ea$ s'ea44eare$ &ense an$ ncon*incin% on camera, 8'e bes& scenes in &'e !i"m $i$n@&!ea&re 'er a& a"" b& !ocse$ ins&ea$ on ci&.sca4es an$ obBec&s, 8'e !i"m@smos& !amos scene as a series o! e5&reme c"ose 4s o! a c4 o! bbb"in%

es4resso seen !rom abo*e e*o#in% a cosmos in microcosm i&' Go$ar$'imse"! s4ea#in% &'e *oice o*er,

Des4i&e &'e 4rob"ems o! i&s 4ro$c&ion !eu: ou trous choses recei*e$ %oo$re*ies 'en i& as re"ease$, One re*ieer reco%ni2e$ i& as >a 4ain!"con!ession a con&aine$ ra%e an an%is'e$ re!"ec&ion>, Go$ar$ "a&er re!erre$ &oi& as 'is !irs& !i"m no& $omina&e$ b. &'e 4re*ios 'is&or. o! cinema, (ade in%') as a"so e"" recei*e$ in mos& 4b"ica&ions i&' one commen&a&orcom4arin% i& &o 7icasso@s Guernica, /oe*er Go$ar$ 'imse"! !e"& &'e !i"m 'a$

been reBec&e$ b. &'e a$ience 'e mos& an&e$ &o reac' &'e .on% "e!&, 8'e.inc"$e$ &'e ne %enera&ion a& Cahiers du cinéma 'ose res4onse 'a$ beenmc' more reser*e$, 8'e .on% ernar$o er&o"cci ca""e$ (ade in %') >a!i"m &'a& be&ra.s 4o"i&ics &'a& is 4ara".2e$ in i&s %rea& "iber&. b. i$eo"o%ica"con!ormism>, i&' 'in$si%'& &'e !i"m can be seen as "ess abo& 4o"i&ics an$more o! an a""e%or. o! Go$ar$@s roman&ic &ria"s i&' Anna arina,7ara$o5ica"". $es4i&e 'is %rea& bi&&erness &oar$s 'er &'e on". ima%es in &'e!i"m &'a& 'e 4& rea" crea&i*e ener%. in&o ere &'e man. e5&reme bea&i!"".com4ose$ co"or c"ose-4s o! 'er, Ne*er&'e"ess &'e moo$ on se& con&ine$ &o

be $i!!ic"& an$ man. bi&&er or$s ere s4o#en be&een &'emI &'eir &rob"e$

re"a&ions'i4 as !ina"". o*er,


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Anne !ia)e$#ky and Le Chinoise

Go$ar$@s c"ose re"a&ions'i4 i&' 6arina "a$. a"so came &o an en$ 'en s'e

'a$ &rne$ $on 'is 4ro4osa" o! marria%e, Conso"a&ion came in &'e !ormo! Anne ai2ems#. &'e ei%'&een-.ear-o"$ s&ar o! Rober& resson@s )u

;asard .althazar , Go$ar$ 'a$ !irs& seen a 4'o&o%ra4' o! 'er on &'e se& o!resson@s !i"m an$ as in&ri%e$ eno%' &o arran%e a *isi& &o &'e se& &o mee&'er, S'e as ar. a& !irs& b& became !ascina&e$ b. 'im a!&er seein% Pierrot le

fou an$ (asculin &éminin, . &'e "a&e smmer o! 19 &'e. ere a co4"e,/e o"$ $ro4 'er o!! an$ 4ic# 'er 4 eac' $a. !rom Nan&erre Uni*ersi&. on&'e o&s#ir&s o! 7aris 'ere s'e as s&$.in% 4'i"oso4'., ?n &'e e*enin%s 'eo"$ &a#e 'er &o &'e cinema 'ere &'e. o"$ a&c' mo*ies, 8'ro%'

ia2ems#. Go$ar$ me& a ne bree$ o! ra$ica"i2e$ s&$en&s $ee4".$issa&is!ie$ i&' &'e socie&. in 'ic' &'e. "i*e$ an$ &'e ni*ersi&. in 'ic'&'e. s&$ie$, Some o! &'ese "abe"e$ &'emse"*es Anarc'is&s, O&'ers ere&rnin% &o &'e &eac'in%s o! 6ao 8se 8n% 'ose C"&ra" Re*o"&ion in C'ina&'e. sa as bein% c"oser &o &re 6ar5is&-Leninism &'an &'e So*ie& Union@s

bran$ o! commnism, Go$ar$ 'o no $e!ine$ 'imse"! as an ar&is& o! &'e"e!& in o44osi&ion &o &'e ie&nam ar an$ American in!"ence in 4o"i&icseconomics an$ c"&re became in&ri%e$ b. &'ese s&$en&s an$ &'eir be"ie!san$ $eci$e$ 'e o"$ ma#e 'is ne5& !i"m abo& &'em i&' Anne ia2ems#.as &'e s&ar,

La Chinoise (19e5c"si*e". a !i"mo! mon&a%e> an$ a$$e$ &'a& >? s'o& a&onomos se;ences i&'o& an. or$eran$ ? or%ani2e$ &'em "a&er>, ?& as an a44roac' &'a& or#e$ 4er!ec&". !or &'e!i"m@s sbBec& ma&&er em4'asi2in% &'e rebe""ios a&&i&$e an$ mora" con!siono! &'e !i*e 4ro&a%onis&s,

S&."is&ica"". La Chinoise as e5'i"ara&in% an$ 4ro*oca&i*e, 7or&rai&s o! 6ar5an$ 6ao mo$ernis& 4ain&in%s 4o"i&ica" s"o%ans an$ an en%ra*in% !rom )licein 6onderland are Bs& some o! &'e !"oo$ o! ima%es c& in&o &'e ac&ion "i#esome #in$ o! cinema&ic 7o4 Ar& mon&a%e, ?n "ine i&' rec'& &'e !or&' a"" is!re;en&". bro#en as ac&ors a$$ress &'e camera 'ea$ on, A$$in% &o &'e

re!"e5i*i&. Go$ar$@s on *oice can be 'ear$ o!!screen on se*era" occasionsas#in% &'e ac&ors ;es&ions &'e o4enin% s"a&e is "e!& in a nmber o! s'o&s an$

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Rao" Co&ar$ is s'on onscreen !i"min% &'e ac&ion, ?& as in e*er. a. ara$ica" or# o! cinema an$ mar#e$ a &rnin% 4oin& in Go$ar$@s or#, 8'eroman&icism an$ %enre 4"a.!"ness o! 'is ear"ier !i"ms o"$ 'ence!or&' bere4"ace$ b. a commi&men& &o e54"orin% 4o"i&ica" i$eo"o%. in an increasin%".abs&rac& an$ !ra%men&e$ s&."e,

?n be&een s'oo&in% La Chinoise in &'e s4rin% o! 19< an$ i&s screenin% inenice in A%s& Jean-Lc Go$ar$ an$ Anne ia2ems#. ere marrie$ ine%ins in Si&2er"an$, 8'e marria%e 'i& &'e 'ea$"ines 'en ia2ems#.@smo&'er annonce$ i& in &'e 4o4"is& nes4a4er Le &i$aro, 8'e 4ros4ec& o! &'e3-.ear-o"$ re*o"&ionar. o! Frenc' cinema 'o 'a$ recen&". been re*ea"e$ &o

be an e5&reme "e!&is& %e&&in% marrie$ &o &'e &eena%e $a%'&er o! Francois6ariac a scion o! ri%'& in% Ga""ism "ea$ &o mc' commen& in &'e 4ress,ia2ems#. 'a&e$ &'e in&rsion in&o 'er 4ersona" "i!e 'a*in% a"rea$. $ro44e$

o& o! ni*ersi&. &o 4rse 'er ac&in% career s'e acce4&e$ an in*i&a&ion &o %o&o ?&a". &o ac& in 7ier 7ao"o 7aso"ini@s ne !i"m Teorema,

'i"e ma#in% La Chinoise Go$ar$ sai$ &'a& &'e mos& im4or&an& &'in% abo& i&as >'a& .on% 4eo4"e i"" ma#e o! i&>, ?& soon became c"ear &'a& &'ose 'e'a$ mos& an&e$ &o im4ress ere "ess &'an 'a44., 8'e 6ar5is&-Leninis&s&$en&s 'o 'a$ ins4ire$ i& ere !rios i&' Go$ar$ !or ma#in% &'em "oo#ri$ic"osI o&'ers ca""e$ &'e !i"m >a 4ro*oca&ion> 'ic' s'oe$ 6aois&s &o beirres4onsib"e &erroris&s, O"$er cri&ics ere more en&'sias&ic Jean $earonce""i in Le (onde ro&e &'a& &'e !i"m i""s&ra&e$ >&'e e&erna" re*o"& o!.o&' o! &'a& irresis&ib"e :"an !or an i$ea" o! 4ri&. 4ro4rie&. an$ nobi"i&.&'a& is &'e &rai& o! a"" &'e a$o"escen&s o! &'e or"$ (a& "eas& o! &'ose 'o 'a*esome so" an$ some 'ear&)>,

nd o& Cine$a

A!&er con&rib&in% &o 4o"i&ica"". c'ar%e$ s'or&s &o &'e com4i"a&ion !i"ms &ar &rom ,ietnam an$ ,an$elo &'an a mo*ie, ?& $e4ic&s a France in'ic' 4eo4"e mr$er eac' o&'er o*er ri%'& o! a. or &'e "a&es& consmer%oo$s 'ere b"oo$-soa#e$ a&omobi"e rec#s are common4"ace an$ 4eo4"e

are as in$i!!eren& &o &'e s!!erin% o! o&'ers as &'e. are &o &'e msic o! 6o2ar&,


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8'e !i"m as in$ee$ a cr. o! 4ain an$ $es4air a& &'e casa" cre"&. o!con&em4orar. socie&. !rom a man 'o !e"& 'e@$ reac'e$ &'e en$ o! &'e roa$,

6eeend conc"$e$ i&' &'e s&a&emen&s >en$ o! s&or.> an$ >en$ o! cinema>, 8'isas no ac& o! mere ar&is&ic 4ro*oca&ionI Go$ar$ as serios, A& &'e en$ o! &'es'oo& 'e %a&'ere$ 'is cre &o%e&'er an$ &o"$ &'em &'e. s'o"$ "oo# !or o&'eror# becase 'e as %oin% &o s&o4 ma#in% !i"ms !or a 'i"e, /e 'a$ come &o&'e conc"sion &'a& &'e or"$ as i& as 'a$ &o c'an%e an$ as &'e commercia"!i"m in$s&r. as 4ar& o! &'a& or"$ 'e no "on%er an&e$ &o con&rib&e &o i&,8'e .ears o! ncer&ain&. an$ $es4air in 'ic' 'e 'a$ increasin%". ;es&ione$&'e *a"e o! 'a& 'e as $oin% ere o*er, No 'e 'a$ a case &o be"ie*e inan$ a renee$ sense o! 4r4ose in 'is or#, A c'a4&er in 'is "i!e 'a$ en$e$an$ a ne one as abo& &o be%in, As i& &rne$ o& &'is as &re no& Bs& !orGo$ar$ b& a"so !or France an$ &'e res& o! &'e or"$ &oo,

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8'e e*en&s o! 19 %a*e Jean-Lc Go$ar$ &'e o44or&ni&. &o 4ro*e bo&' 'iscommi&men& &o &'e ra$ica" 4o"i&ics 'e es4ose$ an$ 'is a""e%iance &o &'e .on%ac&i*is&s 'e no associa&e$ 'imse"! i&', Des4i&e 'is a*oe$ i&'$raa" !romcinema 'e in !ac& en& on ma#in% !i"ms a& an e*en !as&er ra&e &'an be!ore,/oe*er &'e !i"ms 'e no 4ro$ce$ o!&en in co""abora&ion i&' 'is comra$e-in-arms Jean-7ierre Gorin n$er &'e nom de #lume >D2i%a er&o*> ere ma$ea& &'e ser*ice o! 'is 4o"i&ica" be"ie!s = a"iena&in% man. ins4irin% some,

Le##on# in Ae#"he"ic#

8'e !irs& o! &'ese !i"ms came abo& as &'e res"& o! a commission !rom anne54ec&e$ ;ar&er Frenc' &e"e*ision, Le Gai savoir ( /o*ful Knowled$e 19)as base$ on Jean-Jac;es Rossea@s 7mile = &'o%' bore *er. "i&&"eresemb"ance &o i&s sorce ma&eria", ?& s&arre$ Jean-7ierre L:a$ an$ J"ie&er&o as &o s&$en&s en%a%e$ in a series o! $iscssions abo& &'e crea&ion

ana".sis an$ re-com4osi&ion o! some basic ima%es an$ son$s in an e!!or& &on$ers&an$ cinema be&&er, 8'is concern i&' &'e "an%a%e o! cinema o"$ bea cen&ra" &'eme o! Go$ar$@s or# in &'e .ears &o come as o"$ &'e !i"m@s!n$in% an$ "&ima&e reBec&ion b. a &e"e*ision com4an.,

A uppor"i+e *riend

7ara$o5ica"". Go$ar$@s i&'$raa" !rom commercia" cinema came a& a &ime'en &'e o&'er bes&-#non Ne a*e !i"mma#ers

= 8r!!a& C'abro" Ro'mer an$ Ri*e&&e = ere enBo.in% ne "e*e"s o!sccess an$ s&abi"i&. in &'eir careers, Go$ar$@s !rien$s'i4 i&' 8r!!a& ass&i"" s&ron% a& &'is &ime an$ 'e con&ine$ &o see Ri*e&&e re%"ar"., /is *i%oros

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Jean-Luc Godard Biography

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Transcript of Jean-Luc Godard Biography