JCM KH GL PDD MR REDD+ ver01 - maff.go.jp · 2020. 7. 26. · JCM_KH_GL_PDD_MR_REDD+_ver01.0 21...

JCM_KH_GL_PDD_MR_REDD+_ver01.0

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ground biomass in

primary forest,

EF1,1

Vol.4 (Table

2.2, 2.3).

HHH). As a pilot exercise, 10

sample plots were established

and measured in the project area.

The average carbon stock in

above ground biomass from these

plots was 230±9 (1 std. dev.) tC

ha. This is higher than the IPCC

default, despite degradation due

to overharvesting of fuelwood

and timber. The IPCC default

was selected as a conservative

measure. Details provided in

annex.

Emission factor

(carbon stock per

hectare) in above

ground biomass in

secondary forest,

EF2,1

100 tC ha-1

Reference:

2006 IPCC

Guidelines

Vol.4 (Table

2.2, 2.3).

2006 IPCC Guidelines default is

more conservative than found in

other studies (Reference GGG,

Reference HHH).

Emission factor

(carbon stock per

hectare) in above

ground biomass in

cropland, EF4,1

30 tC ha-1

Reference:

2006 IPCC

Guidelines

Vol.4 (Table

2.2, 2.3).

No values from local or regional

studies available.

Ratio to

below-ground

biomass of all

types of forest,

RAtoB

37.0 Reference:

2006 IPCC

Guidelines

Vol.4 (Table

2.2, 2.3).

Destructive sampling under one

study in Cambodia produced a

slightly higher but nevertheless

comparable root-shoot ratio

(Reference III).

Relationshi

p with

national or

sub-nationa

l reference

levels

N/A

・ Describe the approach and procedure used to establish the project reference level in line

with “4. Concepts for REDD-plus in the JCM” in “Joint Crediting Mechanism Guidelines

for Developing Proposed Methodology for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and

Forest Degradation, and the Role of Conservation, Sustainable Management of Forests and

Enhancement of Forest Carbon Stocks in Developing Countries” and the applied

methodology(ies).

・ Provide information on the data used to establish the project reference level, including

parameters, values, sources and justification.

・ Details may be provided in the Annex.


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C.3. Estimation of project net emissions

Estimation of project net emissions (excluding displaced emissions)

Project net emissions at year y during the monitoring period are estimated using Equation 6: PEy = ΔCSPJ,y* 44/12 + Lfire_PJ,y + Eenergy,PJ,y + DEy

Carbon stock change at year y (ΔCSPJ,y) is determined according to the projected land use transitions in the project area in the absence of the project and the effectiveness of project activities. Land cover transitions The two land cover transitions projected for the project area are transition from primary forest to cropland and from primary forest to secondary forest. The ratio of these two transitions in the project area is taken from the average ratio in the reference region during the reference period, i.e. primary forest to cropland = 0.4 primary forest to secondary forest = 0.6. Effectiveness of project activities Conversion of primary forest to cropland The activities to stop the transition of primary forest to cropland in the project area are anticipated to be 100 per cent effective from Year 1. Establishment of the community forests, implementation of the Community Forest Management Plans and patrols are expected to stop all encroachment in the project area. Conversion of primary forest to secondary forest Conversion of primary to secondary forest occurs when primary forests are destroyed by forest fires and replaced by naturally regenerated secondary forest. The implementation of forest management plans and the establishment of voluntary fire brigades are expected to gradually reduce forest fires in the project area, starting at 10% reduction in Year 1, and reaching a maximum of 50% by Year 5. All burnt forests are assumed to be replaced by secondary forest. Amount of CO2 emissions from energy use Amount of CO2 emissions from energy use is calculated using Equation 11: Eenergy,PJ,p = LCy * CC * ODU * 44/12. It is assumed that on average 600 litres of automotive fuel would be used per month for transporting equipment and produce to and from the organic farms. Complete details for estimation of project net emissions are provided in the annex.

・ Describe the procedures for the estimation of project net emissions (excluding displaced emissions) covering all carbon pools and GHG sources in line with the applied methodology(ies).


Estimation of displaced emissions

Reasons for

including /

excluding

displaced

emissions

Displacement of emissions is included as it is anticipated that if the project is implemented migrant and local communities, who have primarily caused deforestation, will clear forests in the surrounding area as they are seeking to open up more land for cropping. It is also anticipated that some hunters who are no longer able to hunt in the project area will move to other areas to hunt using fires.

Ways and

means to

Emissions displacement is estimated by assessing the potential for and likely extent of activity shifting.


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estimate

emissions

displacement

Local and migrant communities clearing forest for agriculture The expansion of croplands in the project area will not be permitted under the approved Community Forest Management Plans. It is anticipated that the introduction of certified organic farming will increase farmer net annual household revenues by 100-200%. However project and migrant communities denied access to the project area for agriculture may clear forest in other areas. The projected annual rate of clearance for agriculture in the project area based on the analysis of deforestation drivers and land use change in the reference area during the reference period is 31.1 ha/yr. Without the project, due to population growth this can be anticipated to increase by an additional 5 ha/year. It is assumed that 100% of the forest clearance in the project area would be displaced to other adjacent areas that lie within the displacement monitoring belt in the first year, but that this will decrease by 10% per year as the organic farming begins to provide additional income to farmers. With these assumptions, the total area of forest clearance displaced by the project in the first 5-year monitoring period is 159.4 ha. Forest fires Hunters who use fires and are denied access to the forest area are expected to move their hunting activities to the displacement monitoring belt. About half of the hunters are farmers in the project communities and are expected to stop their hunting using fires to focus on the certified organic agriculture. The other half of the hunters are from migrant communities and can be expected to move their hunting to other areas once the project is introduced. It is thus assumed that 50% of fires that would have been caused by hunters in the project area in the absence of the project are displaced. Timber and fuelwood for local use Carbon stock is expected to increase in the project area because the project is anticipated to reduce the extraction of timber and fuelwood to sustainable levels. Woodlots will be planted to reduce demand on the forest, but they cannot be harvested until Year 6. For the first 5-year monitoring period, it is assumed that 100% of the avoided emissions from overharvesting of timber and fuelwood will be displaced to the displacement belt. However, any increase in carbon stock in the project area from a reduction in the extraction of timber and fuelwood is excluded from the project accounting; hence displacement of this activity is also excluded from the accounting. The calculations to estimate displaced emissions and the results are provided in the annex.

Total size of

displacement

belt

121,837 ha


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Map of the

displacement

belt

Explanation

for setting

the

boundaries

of the

displacement

belt

Accessibility to the forest can have a significant impact on deforestation rates. Deforestation is likely to be higher in areas with road and track access than areas without such access. Therefore, to establishing the boundaries of the displacement belt a cost-weighted distance value was used around each project site, rather than a constant distance buffer. The boundary of the displacement belt was delineated by selecting a cost threshold below which displacement was expected to be likely. Data was obtained locally from community surveys to establish the thresholds. Travel in areas without roads and on tracks and paths is by foot or bicycle, with a travel speed of about 1.0 km/hr. Travel on roads is by bike or tractor and is about 5 km/hr. It was assumed that households are prepared to travel up to 5 km/day for their agriculture when travelling only by tracks and paths, and 15 km/day when travelling by roads. See annex for further details.

・ Give the reasons for including / not including displaced emissions in the estimation of

project net emissions. Note that any decrease in carbon stocks and increase of GHG

emission from outside of the project area that are reasonably attributable to the project

activities are quantified and accounted as displaced net emissions, while any increase in

carbon stocks and decrease of GHG emissions compared to the situation without the project

outside the project area due to the project activities are excluded from the accounting.

・ Describe the ways and means applied to estimate the displacement of emissions in line with

the applied methodology(ies).

・ When the applied methodology(ies) requires the establishment of a displacement belt to

monitor displaced emissions, provide:

・ The total size of the displacement belt in hectares;

・ A map of the displacement belt;

・ The process for setting the boundaries of the displacement belt


25

・ When the applied methodology(ies) do not require the establishment of a displacement belt,

write “N/A” in the relevant cells.


C.4. Discount factor for the risk of reversals

Applied discount factor (%) 20

Approach for setting the discount factor Default set by applied methodology.

・ Provide the discount factor used to account for the risk of reversals.

・ Explain the approach for setting the discount factor in line with the applied

methodology(ies).


C.5. Ex ante estimation of emission reductions

Year Estimated

Project

Reference

Level (tCO2e)

A

Estimated

Project Net

Emissions

(tCO2e)

B

Estimated

Emission

Reductions

(tCO2e)

C = A – B

Estimated Emission

Reductions to be Credited

(tCO2e)

D = C * (1-Discount factor)

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018 112,836 45,161 67,675 47,373

2019 112,836 45,161 67,675 47,373

2020 112,836 45,161 67,675 47,373

2021 112,836 45,161 67,675 47,373

2022 112,836 45,161 67,675 47,373

2023

2024

2025

2026

2027

2028

2029

2030

Total (tCO2e) 236,863

・ Summarize the results of the ex ante estimation of emission reductions for all years of the

monitoring period using the table above.

・ The table presents the aggregate emission reductions of the project. Separate tables for

difference project components, if more than one, and each approved methodology that is


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applied, if more than one, should be provided in the Annex.

D. Environmental impact assessment

Legal requirement of environmental impact

assessment for the proposed project

No.

・ Answer “YES” or “NO” depending on whether the proposed project is subject to an

environmental impact assessment according to national or local regulations.

・ If YES, provide the conclusions of the environmental impact assessment in the Annex.

・ If relevant, this information may also be provided in the Safeguards Implementation Plan

(SGIP) form.

E. Local stakeholder consultation

E.1. Solicitation of comments from local stakeholders

A provincial stakeholder workshop was held in province XYZ and was well attended by all the major stakeholders identified by the project (see Criterion (b) Safeguards Implementation Plan in SGIP). A number of questions were raised and answered. The agenda of the workshop, the participants list and a full record of the discussions can be requested from the project participants.

・ Describe the process by which comments from local stakeholders have been invited for the

proposed project.

・ If relevant, this information may also be provided in the Safeguards Implementation Plan

(SGIP) form.

E.2. Summary and consideration of comments received

Stakeholders Comments received Consideration of comments received

Traditional leaders from local communities

“It is important for our communities to manage the forests well for our future generations. We support the project idea.” “Can we be confident that the organic agriculture will be successful?”

The project includes intensive scientific monitoring and adoption of proven methods and practices, which are expected to generate high yields of quality organic produce. As safeguards to ensure community net benefits, a small grants programme for community projects and a microfinance scheme for micro-enterprises in the project communities will be implemented.

Provincial Forest OfficeProvincial Forest Office

“The project idea is relevant to the provincial forest management and land use plans. It is important that the project supports

Consultations with the Ministry of Forestry, Ministry of Environment and Department of Lands were conducted to ensure the project design is fully aligned with national policies and programmes. The records of these meetings can be requested from the project participants.


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Cambodia’s forest policies and strategy.”

N/A

・ Identify stakeholders that have made comments and provide a summary of these comments.

・ Explain how due consideration has given to the comments received.

F. References

AAA, BBB, CCC, …

・ Provide a list of references used to support the descriptions in the PDD, if any.

Annex

(For sake of brevity, the annex of the example given above is not provided in these guidelines.)

・ Use appropriate numbering and subheadings for easy reference to the relevant sections of

the PDD. Use a row for each section of the Annex. Additional rows may be added.

Revision history of PDD

Version Date Contents revised

4.2. Developing a Monitoring Plan

25. The project participants develop a monitoring plan before validation using the Monitoring

Plan Sheet and the Monitoring Structure and Procedures Sheet in the corresponding

Monitoring Spreadsheet of the methodology(ies) applied. The monitoring plan utilizes data


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and estimates from the National Forest Monitoring System or from any relevant

sub-national monitoring system, as appropriate.

26. The project participants input estimated values for each parameter in the Monitoring Plan

Sheet (Input Sheet). The Input Sheet consists of a table of parameters to be monitored ex

post, and a table of parameters to be fixed ex ante, which together provide a complete

listing of the data that needs to be collected for the project.

27. The project participants provide information on each of the following items for each

parameter specified in the Monitoring Plan Sheet in line with the applied methodology(ies),

and may provide detailed information specific to the proposed project to the contents given

in the applied methodology.

(a) Estimated values: Provide the estimated values of the parameter for the purpose of

calculating emission reductions ex ante;

(b) Monitoring option for each data and parameter: Select one of the following

options;

(i) Option A: Based on public data which is measured by entities other than the

project participants (Data used: publicly available data such as official

statistics, IPCC Guidelines, commercial and scientific literature, etc.);

(ii) Option B: Based on the amount of transaction which is measured directly

using measuring equipments (Data used: commercial evidence such as

invoices);

(iii) Option C: Based on actual measurement using measuring equipments (Data

used: measured values).

(c) Source of data: Provide the source of data used or to be used. Clearly indicate the

type of data source (e.g. official statistics, surveys, measured value, etc.) and the

spatial level of data (e.g. local, regional, national, international), if applicable;

(d) Measurement methods and procedures: Provide a short description of how the

parameters are to be measured/calculated including the Quality Assurance/Quality

Control (hereinafter referred to as “QA/QC”) procedures applied.

(e) Monitoring frequency: Describe the monitoring frequency (e.g. continuously,

annually).

28. The project participants ensure that data monitored and required for verification and

issuance be kept and archived electronically for the period of project implementation.

29. In the Monitoring Structure and Procedures Sheet, the project participants describe the

operational and management structure to be implemented in order to conduct monitoring,

clearly indicating the roles of personnel and organizations, and set out in detail the

procedures for data collection, archiving and reporting, and QA/QC.

30. The project participants appoint a person who is responsible overall for the monitoring,


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including preparation of the monitoring report, and managing and archiving of data. The

person responsible for monitoring:

(a) Ensures the quality of the monitoring report and the structure and procedure for

producing the report;

(b) Oversees and coordinates all the monitoring activities.

4.3. Preparing for actual measurement1

31. For monitoring of data and parameters under Option C (i.e. actual measurement), the

project participants determine the frequency of calibration and calibrate measuring

equipments and/or establishing models in line with international standards or

manufacturers’ specification, unless otherwise stated in the applied methodology(ies).

32. The monitoring for carbon pools under Option C should be conducted using a combination

of remote sensing and ground-based survey(s) and the methods adopted for Cambodia’s

National Forest Monitoring System should be used. The best available technology,

including novel satellite observation technologies, may be employed to build effective

GHG monitoring systems.

33. The monitoring for carbon pools under Option C is implemented by people who have

adequate relevant monitoring experience and qualifications. If any parts of the monitoring

are conducted by people with less relevant experience, such as members of local

communities, appropriate procedures for quality assurance and quality control are

implemented.2

1 The following documents may be referred to in developing a monitoring plan and in

conducting the monitoring,

Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute. 2012. “REDD-plus Cookbook: How to measure

and monitor forest carbon” www.ffpri.affrc.go.jp/redd-rdc/ja/reference/cookbook.html

GOFC-GOLD. 2015. “A sourcebook of methods and procedures for monitoring and reporting

anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and removals associated with deforestation, gains and

losses of carbon stocks in forests remaining forests, and forestation”

http://www.gofcgold.wur.nl/redd/sourcebook/GOFC-GOLD_Sourcebook.pdf 2 The following guide may be referred to when engaging local communities in monitoring for

REDD-plus projects under the JCM: Institute for Global Environmental Strategies. 2014.

“Community Based Forest Biomass Monitoring - Training of Trainers Manual”

https://pub.iges.or.jp/pub/community-based-forest-biomass-monitoring-0


30

<Example of a Monitoring Plan Sheet (Input Sheet)>

Monitoring Plan Sheet (Input Sheet) [Attachment to Project Design Document]

Table 1: Parameters to be monitored ex post

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) (j)

Monitoring

point No. Parameters Description of data

Estimated

Values Units

Monitoring

option Source of data

Measurement methods and

procedures

Monitoring

frequency

Other

comments

(1) Ai,y Area of stratum (= land use type) i at year

ym during monitoring period. →Table 1-a. ha Option C

USGS

GLOVIS,

Landsat

imagery

Analyzing multispectral optical

satellite imagery. QA/QC: Experts

process images, with double-checks

included in classification and

accuracy assessment procedures.

Once every

three years

Table 1-a is

used for ex

post

monitoring.

(2) ABi,y Area burnt in stratum (= land use type) i at

year ym during monitoring period. →Table 1-a. ha Option C

USGS

GLOVIS,

Landsat

imagery


satellite imagery. QA/QC: Same as

(1)

Once every

three years

Table 1-a is

used for ex

post

monitoring

(3) EF1,1 Emission factor (carbon stock per hectare)

in above ground biomass in primary forest 200 tC ha

-1 Option C Forest sampling

Forest sampling. QA/QC: Training of

community teams; Remeasurement

of 10% of plots; Check for anomalies

at data entry.

Once every

three years

(4) EF1,2 Emission factor (carbon stock per hectare)

of dead wood, all types of forest 14 tC ha

-1 Option C Forest sampling Forest sampling. Same as (3)

Once every

three years

(5) LCym Project fuel consumption during year ym

during monitoring period. →Table 1-b. TJ Option B Project records.

Sum of fuel receipts. QA/QC:

Duplicates of fuel receipts made and

archived.

Once a year

Table 1-b is

used for ex

post

monitoring

(6) DECO2,ym Displacement of net CO2 emissions during

year ym during monitoring period. 5,419 tCO2e Option C

USGS

GLOVIS,

Landsat

imagery



(1)

Once every

three years

(7) DEfire,ym

Displacement of CH4 and N2O emissions

during year ym during monitoring period. 450 tCO2e Option C

USGS

GLOVIS,

Landsat

imagery



(1)

Once every

three years

Table 1-a. Area of stratum i and area burnt in stratum i at year ym during monitoring period

Year during the

monitoring period

(1) Forest area (ha): Ai,y (2) Burnt area (ha): ABi,y

Primary forest Secondary forest Cropland Primary forest Secondary forest Cropland

A1,y A2,y A3,y AB1,y AB2,y AB3,y


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ym1 17,266 134 0 134 0 0

ym2 17,147 253 0 119 0 0

ym3 17,042 358 0 104 0 0

ym4 16,953 447 0 89 0 0

ym5 16,879 522 0 74 0 0

Table 1-b. Project fuel consumption

Year (3) Project fuel consumption (TJ):

LCy

ymf1

ymf2

ymf3

ymf4

ymf5

Table 2: Project-specific parameters to be fixed ex ante

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f)

Parameters Description of data Estimated

value Units Source of data Other comments

ARE Size of reference area 970,996 ha

Various. Related to the drivers of deforestation

and/or forest degradation, landscape

configuration, socio-economic and cultural

conditions

APJ Size of project area 17,400 ha Decided by project proponents

ADB Size of displacement belt 121,837 ha

Various. Decided by project proponents through

mobility analysis based on a multi-criteria

evaluation

Ai,yr Size of stratum (= land use type) i at year yr during the reference period. →Table 2-a. ha USGS

GLOVIS, Landsat imagery

ABi,yr Size burnt in stratum (= land use type) i at year yr during the reference period. →Table 2-a. ha USGS


DF Discount Factor 20 % Default value is 20%

Table 2-a. Area of stratum i and area burnt in stratum i at year yr during reference period

Year during the

reference period

(1) Forest area (ha): Ai,yr (2) Burnt area (ha): ABi,yr



2001 354,000 293,000 365,000 2,600 330 40,500

2002 350,333 290,667 368,667 2,600 330 40,500

2003 346,667 288,333 372,333 2,600 330 40,500


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2004 343,000 286,000 376,000 2,300 660 41,700

2005 339,667 284,000 379,667 2,300 660 41,700

2006 336,333 282,000 383,333 2,300 660 41,700

2007 333,000 280,000 387,000 9,300 1,660 42,900

2008 322,333 272,667 398,333 9,300 1,660 42,900

2009 311,667 265,333 409,667 9,300 1,660 42,900

2010 301,000 258,000 421,000 5,600 1,330 46,700

2011 294,333 253,667 428,333 5,600 1,330 46,700

2012 287,667 249,333 435,667 5,600 1,330 46,700

2013 281,000 245,000 443,000 3,300 660 51,200

2014 275,000 241,000 449,333 3,300 660 51,200

2015 269,000 237,000 455,667 3,300 660 51,200

Table 3: Ex ante estimation of CO2 emission reductions

CO2 emission reductions Units

236,863 tCO2/p

[Monitoring option]

Option A Based on public data which is measured by entities other than the project participants (Data used: publicly recognized data such as statistical data and specifications)

Option B Based on the amount of transaction which is measured directly using measuring equipments (Data used: commercial evidence such as invoices)

Option C Based on actual measurement using measuring equipments (Data used: measured values)

・ For the “Parameters to be monitored ex post” (Table 1), provide information for each of the items as follows:

・ Parameter: Provide the parameters used in equations in the proposed methodology;

・ Description of data: Provide a clear and unambiguous description of the data underlying the parameter;

・ Estimated value: Provide the estimated value;

・ Unit: Use the relevant International System Unit (for SI units, refer to <http://www.bipm.fr/enus/3_SI/si.html>)

・ Monitoring option: Select option(s) from below. If appropriate, provide the order of priority and the conditions when the options are chosen.

Option A: Based on public data which is measured by entities other than the project participants (Data used: publicly recognized data such as

statistical data and specifications, IPCC Guidelines, etc.)

Option B: Based on the amount of a transaction which is measured directly using measuring equipments (Data used: commercial evidence such as


33

invoices)

Option C: Based on actual measurement using measuring equipments, including equipments for remote-sensing and ground-based survey (Data

used: measured values)

・ Source of data: Provide a description of which data source should be used to determine the parameter. Clearly indicate how the values are to be selected and

justified, for example, by explaining:

What types of sources are suitable (official statistics, expert judgment, proprietary data, IPCC Guidelines, commercial and scientific literature,

etc.);

What spatial level of data is suitable (local, regional, national, international).

・ Basic description of measurement methods and procedures: For option B and C, provide a short description of the measurement procedures or reference to

appropriate standards. Provide complete descriptions of the measurement methods and procedures and QA/QC procedures in sections 2. Monitoring Procedures

and 4. QA/QC, respectively, in the Monitoring Structure and Procedures Sheet.

・ Monitoring frequency: Describe the frequency of monitoring (e.g. continuously, annually, etc.).

・ Comments: Provide comments to elaborate the monitoring of each parameter not covered by the items above, when appropriate.

・ Where applicable, adhere to the instructions provided above when completing the table “Parameters to be fixed ex ante” (Table 2). Data that is determined only once

and remains fixed should be considered under “I. Data and parameters fixed ex ante” in the applied methodology.


34

<Example of a Monitoring Plan Sheet (Calculation Process Sheet)>

Monitoring Plan Sheet (Calculation Process Sheet)

[Attachment to Project Design Document]

1. Calculations for project emission reductions to be credited

Pool / Sources Value Units Parameter

Project emission reductions to be credited during the period p

236,863 tCO2e ERcredt,p

2. Basic data of the project

Size of reference area Carbon stock and biomass burning 970,996 ha ARE

Size of project area Carbon stock and biomass burning 17,400 ha APJ

Size of displacement belt Carbon stock and biomass burning 121,837 ha ADB

Monitoring start date 2017 Y1

Monitoring end date 2021 Y5

3. Selected default values

Emission factor (carbon stock per hectare) in above ground biomass in primary forest

Above ground biomass 200 tC ha-1

EF1,1

Emission factor (carbon stock per hectare) in above ground biomass in secondary forest


EF2,1

Emission factor (carbon stock per hectare) in above ground biomass in cropland


EF3,1

Ratio to below-ground biomass of all types of forest Below-ground biomass 37.0 % RAtoB

Emission factor (carbon stock per hectare) of dead wood, all types of forest

Dead wood 14 tC ha-1

EF1,2

Mass of fuel available for combustion * Combustion factor in primary forest

Biomass burning 119.6 *

0.36 t ha

-1

MB1 * Cf

Mass of fuel available for combustion * Combustion factor in secondary forest

Biomass burning 42.2 *

0.55 t ha

-1

MB2 * Cf

Mass of fuel available for combustion * Combustion factor in cropland

Biomass burning 5.5 * 0.80

t ha-1

MB4 * Cf

Emission factor for forest fires (CH4) Biomass burning 6.8

g kg-dm burnt

-1

Gef-CH4

Emission factor for forest fires (N2O) Biomass burning 0.2

g kg-dm burnt

-1

Gef-N2O

Global Warming Potential (CH4) Biomass burning 25 - GWP

Global Warming Potential (N2O) Biomass burning 298 - GWP

Carbon content of oil (Gasoline)

Combustion of fossil fuels from transport and machinery use

18.7 kt-C TJ

-1

CC

Oxidized during use factor

Combustion of fossil fuels from transport and machinery use

1.0 - ODU

4. Calculations for project reference level

Project reference level at year y 112,836 tCO2e RLy

Monitoring year during reference period

2001 yr1

2002 yr2

2003 yr3

2004 yr4

2005 yr5

2006 yr6

2007 yr7

2008 yr8

2009 yr9

2010 yr10

2011 yr11

2012 yr12

2013 yr13

2014 yr14

2015 yr15

Carbon stock change at year y

30,072 tC ΔCSref y

Carbon stock at yr1

111,050,000

tC


35

Primary forest Carbon stock 354,000 ha A1,yr1

Secondary forest Carbon stock 293,000 ha A2,yr1

Cropland Carbon stock 365,000 ha A3,yr1

Carbon stock at year yr2 110,193

,310





,390





,000





,410





,590





,000





,290





,710




Carbon stock at year yr10 98,630,

000





290



36




710





000





990





010




Non-CO2 emissions from forest fires at year y 2,573 tCO2e Lfire_ref y

Non-CO2 emission at year yr1 68,376 tCO2e

Area of burnt primary forest at yr1 Biomass burning 2,600 ha

Area of burnt secondary forest at yr1 Biomass burning 330 ha

Area of burnt cropland at yr1 Biomass burning 45,000 ha


Area of burnt primary forest at yr2 Biomass burning 2,600

ha


Area of burnt cropland at yr2 Biomass burning 45,000

ha



ha



ha







ha



ha



ha


37



ha



Area of burnt secondary forest at yr7 Biomass burning 1,660 ha


































5. Calculations of the project net emissions

Project net emissions during year y 45,161 tCO2e PEy

Monitoring year during first monitoring period

2017 ym1

2018 ym2

2019 ym3

2020 ym4

2021 ym5

Carbon stock changes at year y 10,430 tC ΔCSPJ,


38

y

Carbon stock at year ym1 3,466,5

90 tC

Area of primary forest at year ym1 Carbon stock 17,266 ha

Area of secondary forest at year ym1 Carbon stock 134 ha

Area of cropland at year ym1 Carbon stock 0 ha


70 tC





40 tC





00 tC





50 tC




Non-CO2 emissions from forest fires at year y 1,031 tCO2e Lfire_PJ y

Non-CO2 emission at year ym1 1,326 tCO2e

Area of burnt primary forest at year ym1 Biomass burning 134 ha

Area of burnt secondary forest at year ym1 Biomass burning 0 ha

Area of burnt cropland at year ym1 Biomass burning 0 ha









Non-CO2 emission at year ym4 884 tCO2e




Non-CO2 emission at year ym5 736 tCO2e




CO2 emissions from transport and machinery use during year y

17.4 tC02e Eenergy,

PJ,y

Consumption of oil during year y 0.25 TJ LCy


39

Carbon content of oil (Gasoline) Combustion of fossil fuels from transport and machinery use

18.7 kt-C TJ

-1

CC

Oxidized during use factor Combustion of fossil fuels from transport and machinery use

1 - ODU

Displacement of net emissions during the period y 5,869 tCO2e DEy

Displacement of CO2 emissions during monitoring year ym

Carbon stock 5,419 tCO2 DECO2,

ym

Displacement of CH4 and N2O emissions during year monitoring ym due to forest fires

Biomass burning 450 tCO2e DEfire,y

m

5. Calculation of discount factor

Discount factor N/A 20 %

<Example of a Monitoring Structure and Procedures Sheet>

Monitoring Structure and Procedures Sheet [Attachment to Project Design Document]

1. Monitoring Participants

Responsible organizations for implementing the methods and procedures for each data

Description of data Basic description of measurement

methods and procedures

Organizations involved

Area of stratum (= land use type) i at year ym during monitoring period.

Analyzing multispectral optical satellite imagery

Company DEF, Forest Department

Area burnt in stratum (= land use type) i at year ym during monitoring period.



Emission factor (carbon stock per hectare) in above ground biomass in primary forest

Forest sampling NGO ABC, Company DEF, Forest Department, project communities

Emission factor (carbon stock per hectare) of dead wood, all types of forest

Forest sampling NGO ABC, Company DEF, Forest Department, project communities

Project fuel consumption during year ym during monitoring period.

Reviewing project records Company DEF

Displacement of net CO2 emissions during year ym during monitoring period.



Displacement of CH4 and N2O emissions during year ym during monitoring period.




40

・ When each data when monitoring options B or C are applied, copy (c) Description of data

and (h) Measurement methods and procedures from Table 1: Parameters to be monitored ex

post in Monitoring Plan Sheet (Input Sheet) and paste the information into the first two

columns of the table above.

・ Identify the organizations responsible for implementing the methods and procedures for each

data.

・ Additional rows may be added.

Responsible personnel and their roles

Personnel Role(s)

Forest Division Head, Company DEF

Responsible for overall monitoring and monitoring report

Senior Lecturer, Geography Department, University KLM

Responsible for remote sensing and GIS analysis

Forest Division Head, Company DEF

Responsible for forest inventory, including training and supervising community forest inventory teams, and analysis of fuel consumption

International Co-operation Division Chief, Department of Forestry

Supporting remote sensing and forest inventory

Executive Director, NGO ABC

Supporting training and organization of community inventory teams

・ Provide the positions of the individuals responsible for the monitoring and describe their

roles. When teams are involved, e.g. communities involved in forest inventory, provide the

position of the individual responsible for managing or supervising the monitoring.

・ Additional rows may be added.


41

2. Monitoring procedures

Area of stratum (= land use type) i at year ym during monitoring period. Area burnt in stratum (= land use type) i at year ym during monitoring period. Displacement of net CO2 emissions during year ym during monitoring period. Displacement of CH4 and N2O emissions during year ym during monitoring period.

The area of each land use stratum and burnt areas will be monitored through analysis of Landsat images, using the same procedures for establishing the reference level. Displacement of net CO2, CH4 and N2O emissions will be monitored in the same manner.


Monitoring will be conducted using purchase receipts.

Emission factor (carbon stock per hectare) in above ground biomass in primary forest. Emission factor (carbon stock per hectare) of dead wood, all types of forest

A forest inventory using permanent sample plots (PSPs) will be conducted in year 1 of the project and repeated every 3 years. In line with the applied methodology, the number of sample plots will be determined to provide estimates of the net change in carbon stocks to within 10 per cent of the true value of the mean at the 95 per cent confidence level. A pilot survey using 10 PSPs has already been undertaken. From the pilot survey data, a total of 110 PSPs was calculated as necessary to meet this requirement. A field manual in local language will be developed for the forest sampling, covering plot location, size and dimensions; measurement equipment; procedures for estimating above ground tree biomass and standing and lying deadwood; data recording procedures; and QA/QC. Forest Inventory Manual (Ministry of Environment, the Kingdom of Cambodia) will be one of the main references for the project inventory manual.

・ For each data for which options B or C are applied, provide a detailed description of the monitoring procedures.

・ Details may be described in the Annex.

3. Procedures for recording and archiving data

“Standard Operating Procedures for Terrestrial Carbon Measurement”, Winrock International (2012) will be the basic reference for recording and archiving data. The procedures include:

Forest inventory data will be recorded on prepared field sheets and then later entered into a MS Excel file. A digital image of each field sheet will be taken before departing each plot for back up. All field sheets will be filed and digital images will be stored electronically in labelled folders.

Fuel purchase receipts will be filed in duplicate. Remote sensing data and analysis results will be organized and filed in labelled folders. All electronic files will be backed up on a server.


42

・ Describe the procedures for recording and archiving monitoring data.

・ For each data for which options B or C are applied, provide a detailed description of the

procedures


4. QA/QC procedures

Area of stratum (= land use type) i at year ym during monitoring period. Area burnt in stratum (= land use type) i at year ym during monitoring period. Displacement of net CO2 emissions during year ym during monitoring period. Displacement of CH4 and N2O emissions during year ym during monitoring period.

The following QA/QC procedures are applied to the remote sensing analysis:

Horizontal accuracy assessment of all images used in remote sensing analysis is conducted to ensure proper alignment of images over multiple points in time. Root mean squared error (RMSE) of the difference between known digitized locations is calculated to assess linear accuracy of each image. Further QA/QC elements are described in the standard operating procedure, which can be requested from University KLM.

Thematic accuracy assessment of all generated maps is conducted using high resolution imagery (5 m) supported by ground-based observations as necessary. Further QA/QC elements are described in the standard operating procedure, which can be requested from University KLM.

No equipment used requires calibration.


Double check of fuel receipt data entry will be conducted. No equipment used requires calibration.

Emission factor (carbon stock per hectare) in above ground biomass in primary forest. Emission factor (carbon stock per hectare) of dead wood, all types of forest

Forest inventory will be conducted by trained community teams. Each community will select a team of about 10 people who will be carefully trained in the classroom and in the field on forest inventory. “Community Based Forest Biomass Monitoring - Training of Trainers Manual”, IGES (2014) will be the reference to design the trainings. QA/QC procedures will include:

Re-measuring 10 per cent of PSPs during each inventory. Errors discovered will be expressed as a percentage of all plots that have been re-measured to provide an estimate of the measurement error.

Assigning one experienced forester to supervise each team. Assignment of a team leader who will check off all field sheets before leaving plots. “Hot Checks” (supervising forester conducts occasional re-measurement and provides

continual guidance to community teams). Check for anomalies during data entry: 10% of all data sheets will be selected randomly

and checked for consistency and accuracy in data entry.


43

No equipment used requires calibration.

・ Describe the procedures that the project employs for quality assurance and quality control.

・ For each data for which options B or C are applied, describe the calibration procedures of

any measurement equipment used where applicable.


Annex


the Monitoring Structure and Procedures Sheet. Use a row for each section of the Annex.

・ Additional rows may be added or unnecessary rows removed.


44

5. Monitoring

5.1. Conducting monitoring

34. The project participants conduct monitoring in line with the monitoring plan of the

registered PDD.

35. When using remote sensing for monitoring of carbon pools under Option C, satellite

imageries whose spatial resolution is 30 meters or higher is used for monitoring land use

and land-use changes. For the classification of land cover and forest types, classification to

reflect the amount of carbon stock per hectare is encouraged and the classification should

reflect each country’s forest designations. The accuracy of forest/non-forest maps is 80

percent or higher.

5.2. Data correction for actual measurement

36. In monitoring for GHG sources under Option C, the project participants calibrate

measuring equipments as per the monitoring plan.

37. The project participants determine the necessity for data correction in calculation of

emission reductions following the decision tree shown in Figure 1 below. If any relevant

protocols exist in the National Forest Monitoring System, equipments calibration and data

correction should be conducted in line with these protocols.

38. Regarding parameters for which corresponding national laws and regulations on

measurement exist, the project participants:

(a) Apply measured values (uncorrected values) to those parameters in calculation of

emission reductions, if measuring equipments are calibrated and/or qualified in

accordance with the national laws and regulations on measurement;

(b) Do not apply measured values in calculation of emission reductions for that

monitoring period, if measuring equipments are not calibrated and/or qualified in

accordance with the national laws and regulations on measurement.

39. Regarding parameters for which national laws and regulations on measurement do not exist,

the project participants check whether the instrumental errors identified in the calibration

test stay within the required level of accuracy (i.e. ±5%).

40. For parameters described in paragraph 39, if measuring equipments are calibrated in line

with the monitoring plan, the project participants:


emission reductions, where the instrumental errors of the measuring equipments

stay within ±5%;

(b) Correct measured values by applying the difference resulted from the instrumental

error and required level of accuracy to the measured values during the period


45

between the date of the previous calibration and the concerned calibration, in line

with the Appendix to these Guidelines, and apply the corrected values to those

parameters in calculation of emission reductions, where the instrumental errors of

the measuring equipments do not stay within ±5%.

41. For parameters described in paragraph 39, if measuring equipments are not calibrated in

line with the monitoring plan, but calibration is implemented after the scheduled date, the

project participants:


emission reductions, where the instrumental errors identified in the delayed

calibration test stay within ±5%;

(b) Correct measured values by applying the difference resulted from the instrumental

error identified in the delayed calibration and required level of accuracy to the

measured values during the period between the date of previous calibration and the

actual date of calibration in line with the Appendix to these Guidelines, and apply

the corrected values to those parameters in calculation of emission reductions,

where the instrumental errors identified in the delayed calibration test do not stay

within ±5%.

42. Correction of values in line with paragraph 40(b) and 41(b) are conducted in a manner

which results in a conservative calculation of emission reductions, as shown in the

Appendix.

43. For parameters described in paragraph 39, if measuring equipments are not calibrated in

line with the monitoring plan and calibration is not implemented after the scheduled date,

the project participants do not apply measured values in calculation of emission reductions

for that monitoring period.


46

Figure 1 Decision tree for data correction

5.3. Recording and archiving data

44. The project participants record and archive the data as per the monitoring plan.

45. When conducting monitoring, the project participants archive the evidence and records that

validate the figures to be stated in the monitoring report(s). It includes the source

documents that form the basis for calculations and other information underlying the

emission reductions.

6. Developing a Monitoring Report

46. The project participants develop a monitoring report using the Monitoring Report Sheet

applied to the registered JCM project.

47. For each parameter in the Monitoring Report Sheet, the project participants provide

information corresponding to the following items:

(a) Monitoring period: Describe the monitoring period;

(b) Monitored values: Provide the values of the monitored parameters for the purpose

of calculating emission reductions;

National laws or

regulations on

measurement exist?

Correction necessary

Instrumental error

is within ±5%?

Neither corrections nor additional calibration necessary

Properly calibrated

and/or qualified in

accordance with the

laws or regulations?

Calibrated in line

with rules in

paragraph 29?

Yes

No

Yes

No

No

Yes

Values are not

applicable for the

monitoring period

No

Values are not

applicable for the

monitoring period

Calibrated after

the scheduled

date?

Yes

No

Yes


47

(c) Monitoring option: Fill in the monitoring option used;

(d) Source of data: Provide the source of data used. Clearly indicate the type of data

source (e.g. logbooks, daily records, surveys, etc.) and the spatial level of data (e.g.

local, regional, national, international), if applicable;

(e) Measurement methods and procedures: Describe how the parameters are

measured/calculated including QA/QC procedures applied. If a parameter is

measured, describe the equipments used to measure it, including details on

accuracy level, and calibration information (frequency, date of calibration and

validity);

(f) Monitoring frequency: Describe the monitoring frequency.

48. In the Monitoring Report Sheet which is Attached Document to the Monitoring Report

Sheet, the project participants provide the locations of monitoring points of the

ground-based(s) survey on a map, the result of reassessment of the project reference level,

and the situation of the actual recording and archiving of data.


48

<Example of a Monitoring Report Sheet (Input Sheet)>

Monitoring Report Sheet [Attachment to Project Design Document]

Table 4: Parameters to be monitored ex post

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) (j)

Monitoring

point No.

Paramet

ers Description of data

Estimat

ed

Values

Uni

ts

Monitoring

option

Source of

data

Measurement methods and

procedures

Monitoring

frequency Other comments

(1) Ai,y Area of stratum (= land use type) i at year ym during

monitoring period.

→Table

1-a. ha Option C

USGS

GLOVIS,

Landsat

imagery


satellite imagery

Once every

three years

Min. spatial resolution

of 30 m

(2) ABi,y Area burnt in stratum (= land use type) i at year ym

during monitoring period.

→Table

1-a. ha Option C

USGS

GLOVIS,

Landsat

imagery


satellite imagery

Once every

three years


of 30 m

(3) EF1,1 Emission factor (carbon stock per hectare) in above

ground biomass in primary forest 200

tC

ha-1

Option C Forest

sampling Forest sampling

Once every

three years

(4) EF1,2 Emission factor (carbon stock per hectare) of dead

wood, all types of forest 14

tC

ha-1

Option C Forest

sampling Forest sampling

Once every

three years

(5) LCym Project fuel consumption during year ym during

monitoring period.

→Table

1-b. TJ Option B

USGS

GLOVIS,

Landsat

imagery


satellite imagery Once a year

(6) DECO2,ym Displacement of net CO2 emissions during year ym

during monitoring period. Ha Option C

USGS

GLOVIS,

Landsat

imagery


satellite imagery

Once every

three years


of 30 m

(7) DEfire,ym

Displacement of CH4 and N2O emissions during year

ym during monitoring period. Ha Option C

USGS

GLOVIS,

Landsat

imagery


satellite imagery

Once every

three years


of 30 m


49

Table 4-a. Area of stratum i and area burnt in stratum i at year ym during monitoring period

Year during the

monitoring period

(1) Forest area (ha): Ai,y (2) Burnt area (ha): ABi,y



ym1

ym2

ym3

ym4

ym5

…

Table 4-b. Project fuel consumption

Year (3) Project fuel consumption (TJ):

LCy

ymf1

ymf2

ymf3

ymf4

ymf5

….

Table 5: Project-specific parameters to be fixed ex ante

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f)

Parame

ters Description of data

Estimat

ed value

Uni

ts Source of data Other comments

ARE Size of reference area 970,996 ha Various. Related to the drivers of deforestation and/or forest degradation, landscape configuration,

socio-economic and cultural conditions

APJ Size of project area 17,400 ha Decided by project proponents

ADB Size of displacement belt 121,837 ha Various. Decided by project proponents through mobility analysis based on a multi-criteria

evaluation

Ai,yr Size of stratum (= land use type) i at year yr during the

reference period.

→Table

2-a. ha

USGS



of 30 m

ABi,yr Size burnt in stratum (= land use type) i at year yr during

the reference period.

→Table

2-a. ha

USGS



of 30 m

DF Discount Factor 30 % Default value is 30%


50

Table 5-a. Area of stratum i and area burnt in stratum i at year yr during reference period

Year during the

reference period

(1) Forest area (ha): Ai,yr (2) Burnt area (ha): ABi,yr



2001 354,000 293,000 365,000 2,600 330 40,500

2002 350,333 290,667 368,667 2,600 330 40,500

2003 346,667 288,333 372,333 2,600 330 40,500

2004 343,000 286,000 376,000 2,300 660 41,700

2005 339,667 284,000 379,667 2,300 660 41,700

2006 336,333 282,000 383,333 2,300 660 41,700

2007 333,000 280,000 387,000 9,300 1,660 42,900

2008 322,333 272,667 398,333 9,300 1,660 42,900

2009 311,667 265,333 409,667 9,300 1,660 42,900

2010 301,000 258,000 421,000 5,600 1,330 46,700

2011 294,333 253,667 428,333 5,600 1,330 46,700

2012 287,667 249,333 435,667 5,600 1,330 46,700

2013 281,000 245,000 443,000 3,300 660 51,200

2014 275,000 241,000 449,333 3,300 660 51,200

2015 269,000 237,000 455,667 3,300 660 51,200

Table 6: Ex-post estimation of CO2 emission reductions

Monitoring period Emission reductions to be credited Units

tCO2/p

[Monitoring option]

Option A Option A Based on public data which is measured by entities other than the project participants (Data used: publicly recognized data such as statistical data and specifications)

Option B Option B Based on the amount of transaction which is measured directly using measuring equipment (Data used: commercial evidence such as invoices)

Option C Option C Based on the actual measurement using measuring equipment (Data used: measured values)


51

Monitoring Report Sheet Attachment

1. Monitoring sites of the ground-based survey(s)

・ Provide a map that displays the locations of the monitoring sites used in the ground-based

survey for the monitoring of net project emissions.

2. Reassessment of project reference level

・ Provide information that is necessary for reassessment of the project reference level. Refer

to the “Joint Crediting Mechanism Guidelines for Developing Proposed Methodology for

Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation, and the Role of

Conservation, Sustainable Management of Forests and Enhancement of Forest Carbon

Stocks in Developing Countries (REDD-plus)”, noting that:

・ The project reference level is reassessed within five years intervals to ensure that it

adequately reflects the actual circumstances of the project area, such as drivers of

deforestation and/or forest degradation, activities that lead to land-use changes, and

changes of forest management methods.

・ If the result of reassessment shows that project reference level doesn't adequately reflect the

actual circumstances, the project reference level is reestablished.

・ If a national or relevant sub-national reference level is established after the project start

date, the national or relevant sub-national reference level should be taken into account

when reestablishing the project reference level at the time of reassessment, and the validity

of the new project reference level should be explained.



52

3. Recording and archiving data

・ Describe the actual situation of the recording and archiving of the monitoring data.


Annex


the Monitoring Report Sheet. Use a row for each section of the Annex. Additional rows may

be added.

JCM_KH_GL_SG_REDD+_ver01.0

1

Joint Crediting Mechanism Guidelines for Addressing and Respecting Safeguards for



Stocks in Developing Countries (REDD-plus)

CONTENTS

1. Scope and applicability .......................................................................................................... 2

2. Terms and definitions ............................................................................................................ 2

3. General guidelines ................................................................................................................. 2

4. Criteria for the safeguards under the JCM ............................................................................. 3

5. Developing a SGIP and a SGPR ............................................................................................ 5

5.1. Completing a SGIP form ................................................................................................ 5

5.2. Completing a SGPR form ............................................................................................ 21

Annex I. Instruction for planning, implementing, monitoring and reporting safeguard

activities .................................................................................................................................. 29

Annex II. Supplementary guidance for the planning of each safeguard criterion ................ 31


2

1. Scope and applicability1

1. The “Joint Crediting Mechanism Guidelines for Addressing and Respecting Safeguards for



Stocks in Developing Countries (REDD-plus)” (hereinafter referred to as “these

Guidelines”) are intended to assist project participants develop a REDD-plus safeguard

activity implementation plan (hereinafter referred to as “SGIP”) and a REDD-plus

safeguard activity progress report (hereinafter referred to as “SGPR”) under the Joint

Crediting Mechanism (hereinafter referred to as “JCM”).

2. These Guidelines describe standards which are requirements to be met, except guidance

indicated with the terms “should” and “may” as defined in paragraph 8 below.

3. These guidelines promote the national REDD-plus strategy and/or the action plan and the

Safeguards Information System established by the Kingdom of Cambodia.

2. Terms and definitions

4. Safeguards for REDD-plus projects under the JCM are specified as a set of criteria, which

conditions to be met by the project, as are set out in paragraph 20 below.

5. Safeguard activities are activities considered necessary to ensure that the REDD-plus

safeguards criteria are respected when implementing the project activities.

6. A “SGIP” is prepared by project participants by filling in the “REDD-plus Safeguard

Activity Implementation Plan Form” (hereinafter referred to as “SGIP form”).

7. A “SGPR” is prepared by project participants by filling in the “REDD-plus Safeguard

Activity Progress Report Form” (hereinafter referred to as “SGPR form”).

8. The following terms apply in these Guidelines:

(a) “Should” is used to indicate that among several possibilities, one course of action is

recommended as particularly suitable;

(b) “May” is used to indicate what is permitted.

9. Terms in these Guidelines are defined in “JCM Glossary of Terms” available on the JCM

website.

3. General guidelines

10. When designing a proposed JCM project and developing a SGIP and a SGPR, project

participants apply these Guidelines.

1 The relationship between a JCM project for REDD-plus and national or sub-national

REDD-plus activities under the UNFCCC will be considered in line with any future decisions of

UNFCCC.


3

11. Before validation, using the SGIP form project participants specify plans for implementing

and monitoring the safeguard activities that they have identified for the criteria described in

paragraph 20.

12. Project participants implement the safeguard activities and monitoring processes for the

safeguards criteria as set out in the plans.

13. Before every verification, using the SGPR form project participants provide a

comprehensive report on the situation with respect to each criterion (even if safeguard

activities were not deemed necessary for a specific criterion/criteria), the implementation

and impacts of the safeguard activities, as well as any intended revisions and additions to

strengthen the safeguard activities and their monitoring processes for the next monitoring

period.

14. These Guidelines, the SGIP form and the SGPR form can be obtained electronically from

the JCM website.

15. The Joint Committee may revise the SGIP form and the SGPR form, if necessary.

16. The SGIP form and the SGPR form are completed in English language.

17. The presentation of values in the SGIP form or SGPR form, including those used for the

calculation, where necessary, should be in international standard format e.g. 1,000

representing one thousand and 1.0 representing one. The units used should be accompanied

by their equivalent S.I. units/norms (thousand/million) as part of the requirement to ensure

transparency and clarity.

18. The SGIP form and the SGPR form are to be completed without their formats, fonts and

headings being altered.

19. All cells in the SGIP form and the SGPR form are to be completed, that is, none of them

should be left empty.

4. Criteria for the safeguards under the JCM

20. Criteria for the safeguards under the JCM are the following:

(a) Complement or be consistent with the objectives of relevant laws, policies,

programmes and other instruments at national, regional and local levels and

relevant international conventions and agreements concluded by the Kingdom of

Cambodia;

(b) Establish transparent and effective project governance structures;

(c) Recognize and respect rights to lands and resources;

(d) Recognize and respect the knowledge and rights of indigenous peoples2 and

members of local communities;

2 The definition of indigenous peoples in Cambodia is specified in Land Law 2001.


4

(e) Promote and support the full and effective participation of relevant stakeholders, in

particular indigenous peoples and local communities;

(f) Provide equal employment opportunities and adequate working conditions;

(g) Conserve natural forests;

(h) Respect other prioritized areas that have high values for the conservation of

biological diversity and ecosystem services;

(i) Generate other social and environmental benefits;

(j) Address the risks of reversals; and

(k) Reduce the risks of emissions displacement.

21. To address and respect the safeguards in the JCM REDD-plus project in a stepwise manner,

project participants use the guidance described in Annex I and Annex II for planning,

implementing, monitoring and reporting the safeguard activities per each criterion.


5

5. Developing a SGIP and a SGPR

22. Instructions for completing a SGIP and a SGPR are provided below. A hypothetical

example is provided to enhance the clarity of these Guidelines. This hypothetical example

is fictional and purely for illustrative purposes.

5.1. Completing a SGIP form

<Example of a completed SGIP>

A. Project description

A.1. Title of the JCM project

Reducing deforestation and forest degradation through community-based forest management

and agricultural intensification in Cambodia.

A.2. Description of project contribution to sustainable development

Activities in the project are community-based forest management and agricultural

intensification with local communities. Through those activities, improvement of local

community’s livelihood will be expected. The project will contribute sustainable development

in the community.

・ Provide a concise description of how the project contributes to the sustainable

development of the Kingdom of Cambodia.

B. Plans for implementing and monitoring the safeguard activities

Criterion (a) Complement or be consistent with the objectives of relevant laws, policies,

programmes and other instruments at national, regional and local levels and relevant

international conventions and agreements concluded by the Kingdom of Cambodia

Current situation (Paragraph 3 (a), Annex I)

Relevant laws, policies, programmes and other instruments and relevant international

conventions and agreements concluded by the Kingdom of Cambodia, and their objectives

The laws and guidelines most relevant to the project and their objectives are: • Law to Protect the Environment, which supports the conservation of environmental resources and biodiversity; • National Land Law, which aims at the orderly management of land and requires that local people who use the land are involved in land use planning; • Forestry Act, which aims at the sustainable management of forests for the benefit of the nation, and also specifies community forestry as a legal regime of forest management applicable to the permanent forest estate; • Decree on Community Forestry, which promotes community involvement in forest


6

management by allowing local communities rights to utilize forest resources under 15-year renewable management arrangements with the State; • Community Forest Guidelines, which specify the requirements and rights for Community Forests. The programmes most relevant to the project and their objectives are: • The National REDD+ Strategy, which aims to reduce the country’s greenhouse gas emissions as well as generate tradable emissions reductions; • The National Agricultural Development Plan, which is the country’s blueprint to guide future directions in agriculture and rural development; • The latest 5-Year Development Plan, which aims to reduce rural poverty and increase the provision of basic services such as health and education to rural areas.

Risks, gaps and/or inconsistencies in relation to whether the project activities comply with the

criterion (Paragraph 3 (b), Annex I)

Gaps and/or inconsistencies with the objectives and contribution to achieving the objectives

No risks, gaps and/or inconsistencies identified. The proposed project fully supports the implementation of the 5 most relevant laws and guidelines and 3 most relevant programmes listed above. The project will provide support to 4 communities encompassing 12 villages to design and implement forest management plans following the processes prescribed in the Community Forest Guidelines and sustainably manage the community forests. The forests they will be responsible for managing are all under threat of deforestation and degradation from local actors, specifically the resident communities as well as recent migrants that have settled in the area. In line with the 5 most relevant laws and 3 most relevant programmes, the project will: (i) Conserve biodiversity rich forests with high carbon stocks that provide important ecosystem services to adjacent communities and the country as a whole by stopping forest conversion, reducing the risk of forest fires in the project area, and activities to reduce the risk of emissions displacement; (ii) Provide incomes for the communities through the cultivation, processing and marketing of high-value certified organic agricultural crops in the activity area and employment in project activities, such as forest patrols and forest inventory; (iii) Provide a sustainable source of timber and fuel wood for local use.

Plans for safeguards activities (Paragraph 3 (c), Annex I)

Considered unnecessary.

Plans for monitoring of the situation and the safeguard activity implementation (Paragraph 3 (c),

Annex I)

The situation regarding relevant laws, policies, programmes and other instruments at national, regional and local levels and relevant international conventions and agreements could change, especially with the Government of Cambodia likely to issue new standards, decrees and regulations for REDD+. To monitor and respond to this evolving situation, an inventory of all laws and other instruments governing or otherwise relevant to the project will be drawn-up, and will be reviewed and updated annually. This list will be held in soft and hard copy format in the Project Management Office. If during this process the project is found not to comply with the new instruments, the necessary changes will be made to ensure compliance.

・ For guidance on completing the SGIP for all criteria (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k), refer to

Table 1 “Approaches for planning safeguard activities per each criterion” in Annex II.


7

Supplementary Guidance for planning, implementing, monitoring and reporting safeguard

activities.

・ For the monitoring of all criteria (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k), describe how the situation will

be monitored and describe the parameters, methods and frequency for monitoring the

implementation of the safeguard activities and their impacts.

Criterion (b) Establish transparent and effective project governance structures


Existing project governance structures

Decision-making processes The project will be managed from the Project Management Office, which is to be set up in provincial capital XYZ, enabling regular travel to the project and activity areas. The Project Management Office is responsible for the day-to-day decisions associated with running the project, including organizing the necessary technical and other inputs. It will hold an internal Monthly Project Management Meeting for review and planning purposes. A Project Steering Committee will be established and will meet every six months. Meeting records will be kept as minutes at the Project Management Office. The Project Steering Committee reviews the performance of the Project Management Office and sets the strategy for the coming 6 months. The members of the Project Steering Committee will be senior officers of the project participants, a representative of the Provincial Forest Office and a representative of each of the Community Forest Management Committees. The Community Forest Management Committees are responsible for establishing regulations and plans for the management and utilization of the Community Forests. The Community Forest Management Plans must be approved by the Forestry Department. The Community Forest Management Committees will meet monthly to take decisions about the day-to-day management and use of the community forests. Consultation consensus building and information dissemination processes The project has been designed through a series of meetings at national and local level with the major project stakeholders. Consultation with the Ministry of Forestry, Ministry of Environment and Department of Lands was conducted to ensure the project design is fully aligned with national policies and programmes. A series of meetings was organized with the 4 participating communities to discuss the project idea. The meeting documents can be requested from the project participants. See Criterion (c) for more details. A provincial stakeholder workshop was held and was well attended by all the major stakeholders identified by the project (see criterion (e) for stakeholder list). The objective of the workshop was to inform stakeholders of the proposed project and to receive feedback on its feasibility and the appropriateness of the project idea. Presentations were made by Company ABC, Company DEF, NGO ABC, the Provincial Forest Office and traditional leaders of several villages. Strong support for the project was expressed by all stakeholder groups. A number of questions were raised and answered. The agenda of the workshop, the participants list and a record of the questions and answers can be requested from the project participants. Information about the project idea and design was disseminated through the above processes. In


8

addition, to keep the communities well-informed, the Project Management Office will provide project updates at the monthly Community Forest Management Committee meetings. Mechanism for the resolution of grievances The Community Forest Management Committees of the 4 participating communities will meet monthly and will handle any complaints raised by their members regarding activities of the project at the local level. At this level, the Committees will resolve any major grievances using the customary practice of involving the whole village/community in a discussion to address issues, taking as long as necessary to resolve the issue. Financial management system Project finances will be managed by Company ABC using its financial management system. Company ABC has managed US$XXX million dollars for international projects, demonstrating that its financial management system meets international expectations for accountability and transparency. Its accounts are audited annually. Information on the financial management system can be requested from Company ABC, and past financial statements and audit reports are available on its website. Benefit sharing The major financial benefit from the project is expected to be from the sale of certified high-value organic agricultural produce on the international market. Company ABC will provide the necessary guidance and other technical inputs for the project villages to cultivate these crops. The benefits from the sales will be shared by the communities and Company ABC. The Forestry Department is responsible for managing any carbon offsets that are generated by the project and allocated to Cambodia. Company DEF and the Forestry Department have decided to provide the necessary funds to finance the community forests, particularly the roles of the communities in forest management and fire control. Accountability and oversight Accountability and oversight are to be provided by the Project Steering Committee.



Elements of project governance structures that can be strengthened

Several risks/gaps identified. 1: There is a risk that misunderstanding about the project among various groups could arise and this could lead to tensions and even force the project to close. 2: An appropriate mechanism to receive and resolve grievances directed at the Project Management Office is yet to be designed. 3: Farmers may not receive a fair price for their agricultural produce. This risk was raised by the communities during project consultation and design workshops with them.


1: To improve information dissemination, the following activities will be conducted: (i) A project webpage with information in the national language and the local language of the minority ethnic group XYZ that comprises the 4 participating communities will be created and regularly updated; (ii) The Community Radio station in province XYZ will be invited each year to visit and report on the project. 2: An appropriate mechanism to resolve grievances at the project level will be developed.


9

3: A “fair” payment to the farmers will be ensured by the project acquiring Fairtrade certification.


Annex I)

Situation / safeguard activity to be monitored

Indicators Frequency

Information dissemination / webpage, radio reports

Content of project webpage; Community Radio reports on project

Annually

Grievances / grievance resolution mechanism

Existence of grievance resolution mechanism; No. of grievances received and whether resolved to satisfaction of all parties

Existence confirmed by end of Year 1; Use monitored annually

“Fairness” of payments to farmers / Fairtrade certification

Active Fairtrade certification; Comparison of payments under similar schemes

Annually

Criterion (c) Recognize and respect rights to lands and resources


Rights to lands and resources related to the project

The lands and resources primarily related to the project are the forested lands in the project area and the agricultural lands where project activities will be implemented. Project Area Under the Forestry Act, the state is required to recognize and ensure the traditional use rights of local communities living near the permanent forest estate for the purpose of traditional customs, beliefs, religious practices and living. While customary rights are recognized in the law, this protection in practice is weak. Having a legally recognized community forest is attractive to many communities, as it means that their customary rights cannot be so easily taken away from them, and because it allows them to pursue other activities, e.g. sustainable harvesting of timber for sale or a REDD+ project, so long as these are approved by the Forestry Department. Under an earlier project, some of the project participants provided support to the 12 villages to have their forests approved by the government as 4 community forest sites through 4 community forest agreements, which have a duration of 15-years (renewable). Agreements were signed between the government and each of the participating communities to clarify all rights regarding lands and resources, including carbon ownership, in the community forests. The rights to the carbon are held by the government and are managed by the Forestry Department (one of the project participants). A socio-economic baseline study to develop community profiles was conducted for each community. The 4 Community Profiles are attached. The Community Profile describes for each community its history (including conflicts, if any), demographics, social structure, occupations/livelihoods, government services, physical infrastructure, living conditions, customary use of land and forests, and ecosystem services. Customary uses of land and forest recorded in the Community Profiles include sacred sites, wood and bamboo used to construct houses, and non-timber forest products.


10

Activity Area The project will support agricultural intensification activities (certified high-value organic produce) in the activity area, which is adjacent to the project area. Households have the legal title to this land, which can be confirmed by viewing the property titles.



Impacts of the project activities on the rights to lands and resources

Legal and customary rights to land and resources No risks, gaps and/or inconsistencies identified. The project is not anticipated to have any negative impacts on the legal and customary rights of the participating communities to land and resources. To the contrary, the project will provide support to the communities to maintain their legal rights, which include customary uses, over the community forests. Free prior informed consent (FPIC) process 1 gap identified. The project supports the management of 4 community forests. The community forest approach in Cambodia is bottom-up and aligns well with FPIC principles. Community forests are not “forced” on the communities. To the contrary, the communities can either initiative the process for a community forest, or they can decide to establish a community forest after the Forestry Department has proposed the idea to them. The Community Forest Guidelines aim to involve the entire community in the management of the community forest. The election of the Community Forest Management Committee is done through a secret ballot during a public meeting in which at least 2/3 of the community must participate. An independent study has found that in Cambodia, the Community Forestry Guidelines empower local people with full rights on forest resources and also enables them to establish rules and regulations suited to their cultural and socioeconomic conditions (Reference AAA). The project builds on an earlier initiative to support 4 communities establish community forests. To ensure they had full understanding of the project idea, and to seek their views on how to strengthen it, 2 workshops were organized with the communities. The workshops were announced 1 month in advance and participation of all community members was requested. The meetings were facilitated by NGO ABC, which has established strong trust relationships with the communities through its engagement with them over the past 15 years. The proposed project activities were presented in local language using visual aids and participatory methods. Community members were encouraged to express any concerns and identify potential risks, as well as to contribute alternative ideas. Focus group discussions (men, women, youth) were conducted to elicit their concerns and ideas. The initial project idea was modified through this process. The workshop materials and video documentation of the workshops can be requested from the project participants. Gap: A process to keep the entire community informed about the project has not been established.


• Hold a review workshop each year for all community members to receive an update on the project and to express concerns/ideas.


Annex I)

• A socio-economic survey covering all households in the participating communities will be


11

conducted every 3 years. The design of the survey will use the concept of “sustainable livelihoods”, and the indicators will include rights to land and resources. Any changes in these rights will thus be documented in the surveys. The survey will also assess the level of satisfaction with the project. • The annual community project review workshops will be reported in the project’s annual reports. Level of participation (no.s of men, women, youth), issues raised, etc. will be reported.

Criterion (d) Recognize and respect the knowledge and rights of indigenous peoples and

members of local communities


Knowledge and rights of indigenous peoples and members of local communities relevant to the

project

Knowledge The 12 villages consist of minority people who have resided in the area for many generations. They have accumulated significant knowledge about forest ecosystems and biodiversity, associated with their use of forest resources and cultural practices. This knowledge is passed on orally from one generation to the next and is mostly not documented. Rights Project villages The villages participating in the project consist of people from one minority ethnic group. Their customary and legal rights have partly been described under Criterion (c). The leaders of the ethnic group are making efforts to hold on to their indigenous and local knowledge, and their traditional communal values. The concerns they expressed in the Community Profiles regarding their rights include: loss of identify; inadequate livelihoods to meet their basic human needs; and inadequate public services (they must pay for school fees, basic medicines and health checks, despite being poor). Migrant communities The rights of the migrant communities that the project is likely to affect are related to their use of land and resources in the project area. In the without-project scenario, it is expected that they would convert some of the project area for agriculture, extract timber and fuel wood for local use, and hunt animals using fires. While legally they do not have the rights to this land and resources, they do have basic human rights, including the right to live above the poverty line.



Potential project impacts on rights of indigenous peoples and local communities

Knowledge No risks, gaps and/or inconsistencies identified. The project does not intend to take commercial advantage of any traditional or local knowledge of indigenous peoples and local communities. This knowledge will be beneficial for many of the project activities in-so-far as the communities will use this knowledge when devising their forest management plans and implementing activities. Rights Several risks and 1 gap identified. Project communities


12

The project is not expected to compromise any rights of the participating communities, but rather to contribute to their livelihoods and wellbeing. This is explained under criterion (i). Nevertheless, there are risks that some of the organic farming activities may not perform optimally, either because of technical issues associated with cultivation or volatility of market prices. Poor performance of the woodlots planted to provide timber for local use and fuel wood is another risk. If these risks were to eventuate, the wellbeing of households that in the without-project scenario would have cleared forest in the project area for agriculture will decrease, at least in the short-term. There is also some risk that if the forest patrols are not well-organized, the villagers participating in the patrols could be exposed to violence. Migrant communities There is a risk that if the woodlots supported by the project in the migrant communities are not productive, their wellbeing might be adversely affected, as the project will stop their conversion in the project area and reduce the volume of timber and fuel wood they extract from the project area. Gender issues and vulnerable households Gap: No analysis of vulnerable households or gender issues was conducted during the project design, though focus group discussions with women were held during the community workshops.


To safeguard women and vulnerable households: In year 1 of the project, a social survey will be conducted to identify how the project activities can best accommodate the needs of women and of vulnerable households. To reduce risk of low production under organic farming: Company ABC will establish a system for intensive scientific monitoring of inputs, methods and yields. Good practices from other parts of the country and region will be surveyed and adopted. To reduce the risk of forest patrols facing violence: Local forest officers will participate in the forest patrols in high risk areas.


Annex I)

The Project Steering Committee will report in its minutes the implementation of the Year 1 social survey on women and vulnerable households. Appropriate methods and indicators will be used and the results will inform the design of the 3-yearly socio-economic household surveys. Monitoring of project impacts on knowledge and rights of indigenous peoples and members of local communities will be conducted as part of the 3-yearly socio-economic household surveys. The methods and indicators of the household survey will be developed within the first year of the project. Indicators for women’s rights, the wellbeing of vulnerable households, and the rights (including wellbeing) of the participating in communities and affected migrant communities, will be included. A monitoring form for the forest patrols will be developed, and the completed forms will be lodged with the Community Forest Management Committees and the Project Management Office. Any threats of violence to patrol teams will be recorded.

Criterion (e) Promote and support the full and effective participation of relevant stakeholders, in

particular indigenous peoples and local communities



13

Project stakeholders and their participation

Stakeholder mapping exercises were conducted by the project participants and with the project communities. These exercises identified the following project stakeholders and their interests in the project:

Stakeholders Interests in project

Primary project stakeholders 4 participating communities

Potential benefits from more defendable legal rights to forests; Income from sale of organic produce; Institution building

Department of Forests

Build expertise from involvement in a successful REDD+ project; Expansion and strengthening of the Community Forest Programme

Company ABC (Japan)

Revenue from international sales of certified organic produce

Company DEF (Japan)

Conservation of biodiversity rich tropical forests, including through REDD+ projects

NGO ABC (Cambodia)

Supports its mission of promoting community-based natural resource management

Provincial Forest Office

Build expertise from involvement in a successful REDD+ project; Expansion and strengthening of the Community Forest Programme in province XYZ

Government of Cambodia

Implementation of the JCM; May contribute to INDC; Demonstrates implementation of the national REDD+ strategy

Government of Japan

Implementation of the JCM with significant biodiversity and community benefits

Secondary project stakeholders Migrant communities

Impact of project on forest access and benefits they can receive from woodlots

Other government departments: Agriculture, Environment, Lands, and Climate Change

Supports their mandates

Universities KLM, NOP

Research with high practical relevance

Provincial government

Interest in implementing provincial land use plan

Tertiary project stakeholders

Residents /farmers in lower parts of watersheds

Improved water supply from streams running through project area

NGO DEF (local NGO supporting community health and environment programme)

Interest in how the project contributes to household wellbeing

Religious groups

Using the forest for meditation and prayer

Bird watchers, Recreation and study activities in project area


14

schools, etc.

Level and types of participation An independent study has found that in Cambodia the Community Forestry Guidelines empower local people with full rights on forest resources and also enables them to establish rules and regulations suited to their cultural and socioeconomic conditions (Reference AAA). The project thus supports the efforts of Cambodia to increase community participation in the management of the permanent forest estate. The level of participation of the local communities in the project is high. Participation is a cross-cutting concern that has been reflected in the design of all elements of the project. The communities have been involved in project design, as explained above and are the central actors in implementation, as they will design and implement the forest management plans. Capacity building for participation To enhance community participation in all aspects of the project, various training modules will be developed and implemented. Under an earlier initiative, training was provided to the communities on participatory GIS and handheld GPS devices for the purpose of mapping their forest boundaries. Training modules to involve the communities in carbon stock and biodiversity monitoring will be developed and deployed within 1 year of project validation.



Potential to enhance stakeholder participation, including through capacity building

1 gap identified. There are no obvious ways to enhance community participation further within the budgetary constraints of the project. However, a gender analysis is yet to be conducted to ensure that women’s participation is monitored and that they fully participate in the project. The same applies to vulnerable households.


In Year 1 of the project, a social survey will be conducted to identify how the project activities can best accommodate the needs of women and of vulnerable households. The results will be provided to the Community Forest Management Committees with guidance on how to increase participation, if necessary.


Annex I)

The Project Steering Committee will report in its minutes the implementation of the Year 1 social survey on women and vulnerable households. Indicators to monitor the participation of women and vulnerable households will be included in the 3-yearly socio-economic household survey.

Criterion (f) Provide equal employment opportunities and adequate working conditions


Employment policy, occupational health and safety, wages, training and supervision, and

worker grievances

Once the project is fully launched, Company ABC, Company DEF and NGO ABC will be responsible for the recruitment of all positions, including technical, administrative, management and field officers. Under the employment policy, recruitment will be open and will comply with


15

the labor laws of Cambodia, which sets out minimum wage rates and procedures for workers to have their grievances addressed. Preference will be given to local recruitment when candidates have equivalent capacities. People from the 4 local communities will be recruited for biomass and biodiversity surveys, and forest patrols, with preference given to vulnerable households. Training for these roles will be provided. Women’s participation will be encouraged and their level of participation will be monitored.



Equal employment opportunities and adequate working conditions

Gaps identified. Work safety concerns associated with activities in and around the project area include the risk of contracting malaria, injuries when moving through the forest, getting temporarily lost, dehydration and snake bite. For fire suppression, safety concerns include smoke inhalation and burns. A safety plan to deal with these risks and training on health and safety are outstanding.


The project will create a comprehensive safety plan within 6 months of the project start, with input from staff, government officials, and communities, with the goal of reducing the risk of illness and accidents. Training on health and safety will be provided to all workers. Designated personnel will be trained in first aid and first aid kits will be provided for outdoor work. The Senior Project Manager will ensure that the first aid kits are maintained.


Annex I)

Implementation of the project’s employment policy will be monitored and the results provided as part of the project’s annual report. Accident-at-work records will be completed within one week after any incident using a standard form and will be filed at the Project Management Office. The Project Steering Committee will confirm that the safety plan has been developed, the trainings conducted, and the first aid kits purchased.

Criterion (g) Conserve natural forests


Natural forests in the project area

The project area consists of 4 parcels of forest comprised of lowland evergreen forest. These are multi-storey forests with more than 80% trees of evergreen species, and a canopy cover of over 80 per cent. Emergent trees include Ficus, Dipterocarpus alatus, Shorea vulgaris, Anisoptera cochichinnensis and Tetrameles nudiflora.



Clearing or disturbance of trees of other natural forest vegetation

None identified. The project includes no plans to clear any natural forest, other than the cutting of 5 meter wide fire lines and buffer areas surrounding forests and agricultural lands, as a conservation activity to protect the forest from the spread of fires. For patrols, existing tracks will be used and there is no intention to cut new tracks.


16


Considered not necessary.


Annex I)

Forest in the project area will be monitored following the procedures set out in the monitoring plan that is part of the PDD.

Criterion (h) Respect other prioritized areas that have high values for the conservation of

biological diversity and ecosystem services


Other areas with high values for the conservation of biological diversity and ecosystem services

that could be impacted

No comprehensive study or mapping of high conservation values has been conducted in province XYZ, but the existence of high conservation values in and around the project area is evident from local consultations and a number of national and local studies (Reference BBB, Reference CCC, Reference DDD). In terms of biodiversity values, sightings of tigers, leopards, jungle cats, pileated gibbons, dholes, elephants, bantengs, gaurs, and sun bears, many of which are on the IUCN endangered species list, have been reported in province XYZ. Province XYZ also holds important indicator bird species, some of which are critically endangered. In addition to biodiversity, the forests around the project area provide important ecosystem services to the local communities and wider region, especially in relation to water security and soil protection. Based on a review of the literature and discussions with local authorities and the communities, a preliminary attempt has been made below to sketch what may generally be considered high conservation value areas near to the project area that the project activities could potentially impact. Two areas have been identified. One is an area of mostly remnant forest, with some secondary forest, that is slowly giving way to crop land, and the other is a wetlands area.


17



Impacts of the project activities on biological diversity and ecosystem services in the identified

areas

Potential for risks highly unlikely. There is no apparent risk of the project failing to respect other areas that have high values for the conservation of biological diversity and ecosystem services. To the contrary, significant benefits from the project for such areas are anticipated. Forest conservation in the project area will contribute to the conservation of the wider remnant forest area as it acts as a barrier to the spread of deforestation deeper into the forest. Organic methods will be used for agricultural intensification and these are anticipated to improve rather than reduce downstream water quality. To completely rule out risks, a comprehensive study of HCVs is required.


A comprehensive study on project related HCVs will be conducted by Year 3. The results of this study will be used to identify whether any further safeguard activities are necessary.


Annex I)

The HCV report will be available on the project website at the end of Year 3.

Criterion (i) Generate other social and environmental benefits



18

Living standards in the project vicinity

Most households in the project villages base their livelihoods on the small plots of agricultural land that they have acquired ownership rights of. This rain fed agricultural land provides subsistence food and generates some cash income for the households. The Community Profiles reveal that most households only produce sufficient food for 10 months of the year. They supplement their diet with forest foods such as wild tubers, mushrooms, and wild vegetables. Rice, cooking oil, salt and other basic commodities are sometimes purchased from the local market. The households also raise chickens, pigs and water buffalo, which they sell during emergencies or other times when they require larger sums of cash. Some households also generate income through the sale of non-timber forest products, such as bush honey. The Community Profiles provide the numbers of people in each community that have off-farm waged employment. Annual income for most households is less than US$1,500, with many households living near the poverty line.



Social and environmental benefits

No risks, gaps and/or inconsistencies identified. It is anticipated that the project will generate significant social and environmental benefits. Without the project, it will be difficult for the communities to improve their livelihoods and wellbeing, due to rapid population growth, the degradation of natural ecosystems, lack of financial capital, and lack of knowledge and skills to increase agricultural productivity or secure paid employment. The only other NGO active in the village is local NGO DEF, which provides training on basic health care and distributes medicines at low cost. The project participants are working closely with NGO DEF to ensure that our project activities complement theirs. Social benefits Livelihoods The project will contribute to livelihoods through agricultural intensification (certified export quality organic produce); employment in project activities; a sustainable supply of timber and fuel wood for local use; and maintaining the legal right of communities to use forest resources. By conserving forest cover, the communities will also benefit from forest ecosystem services, such as regular stream flows and good water quality. Strengthening community institutions Traditional leadership is eroding in the communities and village elders fear the exposure of their young people to negative outside influences. Project support to the 4 Community Forest Management Committees will make an important contribution to maintaining strong leadership in the communities. Environmental benefits The environmental benefits are associated with the conservation of biodiversity rich forests with high carbon stocks that provide important ecosystem services to adjacent communities and the country as a whole.


Considered not necessary.


Annex I)

A household socio-economic impact survey and a biodiversity survey will be conducted in every 3

rd year of the project. The designs for the surveys will be completed in Year 1 of the


19

project. Community members will be trained to participate in the biodiversity surveys. The surveys will incorporate the HCV concept and cover project impacts within and outside the project and activity areas.

Criterion (j) Address the risks of reversals


Risks of reversals

The possible risk of reversals that could face the project are: Unprecedented large forest fires due to climate change There is a risk that unprecedented large forest fires could occur, if climate change results in forest drying. Lack of capacities to coordinate and implement the project Bringing together all primary stakeholders to ensure the project activities are fully implemented and monitoring conducted as planned will be a significant challenge for the Project Management Office. Governance issues Governance issues that could arise, such as lack of accountability and transparency in allocation of resources, could lead to the cessation of the project. Loss of interest Stakeholders could lose interest in the project, if the anticipated benefits are lower than expected, and if more profitable land use options become available. The communities could also lose interest if the forestry officers are overbearing and show no empathy towards them.



Project activities to reduce risk of reversals and expected effectiveness

The project has several activities that reduce the risk of reversals; however, not all risks are addressed as some are beyond the control of the project. Unprecedented large forest fires due to climate change The project includes a number of activities to prevent and suppress forest fires, and these could be expanded if necessary. The Community Forest Management Plans will include the cutting of 5 meter wide fire lines and clearing lying deadwood (which will be used locally as fuelwood). Fire lines have proved effective in other areas. Voluntary fire brigades and a cellular phone network for quick sharing of information on forest fires will also be established as part of the project activities. It is anticipated that these activities will significantly reduce, though not entirely eliminate, forest fires. Lack of capacities to coordinate and implement the project The project will recruit a senior local manager who is widely recognized and respected by the project stakeholders, having held similar positions in the past. With support from the project participants, it is anticipated that the project manager should be able to overcome any coordination challenges. Governance issues There are wider governance issues in the country and province that are beyond the project’s control. For the project, strong governance is provided through its financial management system, participatory mechanisms and processes, processes to keep stakeholders, particularly the communities, well informed, and its steering committee. Loss of interest


20

Intensive scientific monitoring and adoption of proven methods and practices are expected to result in high yields of quality organic produce. This is expected to maintain strong interest in the project. However, some years are likely to generate lower yields than others due to variations in weather patterns and market prices may also fluctuate from one year to the next.


Loss of interest Additional incentives can be provided to the communities and can assist in maintaining their strong interest in the project, especially if payments for organic agricultural produce are lower than anticipated. A small grants programme will be established in Year 1 for communities to apply for one project every second year. The community projects could, for example, be piped water systems, which some communities have expressed a need for. Experts will be brought in as required to advise on the selection, design and maintenance of community projects. In addition, to increase benefits to the communities a microfinance scheme will be set up. Communities will have access to low interest loans with flexible repayment terms for investment in microenterprises. Training on microenterprise development will be provided. Also, training on community engagement will be provided to the forestry officers for them to have the skills necessary to work constructively with the local communities.


Annex I)

Forest fires will be monitored annually. The Steering Committee will note in its meeting records any issues with stakeholder coordination as well as wider governance issues in the province and country that could affect the project. Indicators to monitor the community projects and the microfinance scheme will be developed and will be included in the 3-yearly household socio-economic impact surveys. Training of forestry offices on community engagement will be recorded in the project’s annual reports. The Project Management Office will keep a record of any difficulties that are directly observed or reported by the Community Forest Management Committees.

Criterion (k) Reduce the risks of emissions displacement


Risks of emissions displacement

Displacement of emissions is included in the project accounting as it is anticipated that if the project is implemented migrant and local communities will clear forests in the surrounding area as they are seeking to open up more land for cropping.



Project activities to reduce risk of emissions displacement and expected effectiveness

No risks, gaps and/or inconsistencies identified. The activities to reduce the risks of emissions displacement are agricultural intensification through organic farming of high-value agricultural produce for export and the establishment of woodlots to provide timber and fuel wood for local use and a source of income from sales to local buyers. Safeguards to increase the likely effectiveness of these activities have been described in criterion (d).


None considered necessary.


21


Annex I)

The productivity of the agricultural land under intensification and of the planted woodlots will be included as indicators in the 3-yearly socio-economic assessments.

5.2. Completing a SGPR form

A. Project description

A.1. Title of the JCM project

A.2. General information of project

Reference Number

Registration date

Monitoring period

List of documents to be attached to this form,

if necessary

B. Progress of implementing the safeguard activities compliant with the plans

Criterion (a) Complement or be consistent with the objectives of relevant laws, policies,

programmes and other instruments at national, regional and local levels and relevant

international conventions and agreements concluded by the Kingdom of Cambodia.

Plans

specified in

the SGIP

(including

any revisions)

Safeguard

activities

Monitoring of

the situation

and the

safeguard

activities

Monitoring

results

(Paragraph 3

(f), Annex I)

Situation

Implementation


22

Impacts

Improvements

for next

monitoring

period

(Paragraph 3

(g), Annex I)

Safeguard

activities

Monitoring of

the situation

and the

safeguard

activities

These instructions apply to all safeguard criteria: a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j and k.

・ Describe the plans for safeguard activities and the processes to monitor their

implementation and impacts, including any revisions of the plan when the need for new

and/or strengthened safeguards activities was identified in the previous SGPR.

・ Describe the results of the monitoring, providing details on any change in the situation

since the start of the project, how and the extent to which the safeguard activities were

implemented and the impacts of the activities.

・ Based on the results of the monitoring, assess whether additional safeguards are needed

and whether the existing safeguards and/or their monitoring should be strengthened. If so,

describe the additional or strengthened safeguard activities and/or monitoring processes

that are planned for the next monitoring period.

Criterion (b) Establish transparent and effective project governance structures

Plans

specified in

the SGIP

(including

any revisions)

Safeguard

activities

Monitoring of

the situation

and the

safeguard

activities

Monitoring

results

Situation


23

(Paragraph 3

(f), Annex I)

Implementation

Impacts

Improvements

for next

monitoring

period

(Paragraph 3

(g), Annex I)

Safeguard

activities

Monitoring of

the situation

and the

safeguard

activities

Criterion (c) Recognize and respect rights to lands and resources

Plans

specified in

the SGIP

(including

any revisions)

Safeguard

activities

Monitoring of

the situation

and the

safeguard

activities

Monitoring

results

(Paragraph 3

(f), Annex I)

Situation

Implementation

Impacts

Improvements

for next

monitoring

period

(Paragraph 3

(g), Annex I)

Safeguard

activities

Monitoring of

the situation

and the

safeguard

activities


24

Criterion (d) Recognize and respect the knowledge and rights of indigenous peoples3 and


Plans

specified in

the SGIP

(including

any revisions)

Safeguard

activities

Monitoring of

the situation

and the

safeguard

activities

Monitoring

results

(Paragraph 3

(f), Annex I)

Situation

Implementation

Impacts

Improvements

for next

monitoring

period

(Paragraph 3

(g), Annex I)

Safeguard

activities

Monitoring of

the situation

and the

safeguard

activities

Criterion (e) Promote and support the full and effective participation of relevant stakeholders, in

particular indigenous peoples and local communities

Plans

specified in

the SGIP

(including

any revisions)

Safeguard

activities

Monitoring of

the situation

and the

safeguard

3 The definition of indigenous peoples in Cambodia is specified in Land Law 2001.


25

activities

Monitoring

results

(Paragraph 3

(f), Annex I)

Situation

Implementation

Impacts

Improvements

for next

monitoring

period

(Paragraph 3

(g), Annex I)

Safeguard

activities

Monitoring of

the situation

and the

safeguard

activities

Criterion (f) Provide equal employment opportunities and adequate working conditions

Plans

specified in

the SGIP

(including

any revisions)

Safeguard

activities

Monitoring of

the situation

and the

safeguard

activities

Monitoring

results

(Paragraph 3

(f), Annex I)

Situation

Implementation

Impacts

Improvements

for next

Safeguard

activities


26

monitoring

period

(Paragraph 3

(g), Annex I)

Monitoring of

the situation

and the

safeguard

activities

Criterion (g) Conserve natural forests

Plans

specified in

the SGIP

(including

any revisions)

Safeguard

activities

Monitoring of

the situation

and the

safeguard

activities

Monitoring

results

(Paragraph 3

(f), Annex I)

Situation

Implementation

Impacts

Improvements

for next

monitoring

period

(Paragraph 3

(g), Annex I)

Safeguard

activities

Monitoring of

the situation

and the

safeguard

activities

Criterion (h) Respect other areas that have high values for the conservation of biological

diversity and ecosystem services

Plans

specified in

Safeguard

activities


27

the SGIP

(including

any revisions)

Monitoring of

the situation

and the

safeguard

activities

Monitoring

results

(Paragraph 3

(f), Annex I)

Situation

Implementation

Impacts

Improvements

for next

monitoring

period

(Paragraph 3

(g), Annex I)

Safeguard

activities

Monitoring of

the situation

and the

safeguard

activities

Criterion (i) Generate other social and environmental benefits

Plans

specified in

the SGIP

(including

any revisions)

Safeguard

activities

Monitoring of

the situation

and the

safeguard

activities

Monitoring

results

(Paragraph 3

(f), Annex I)

Situation

Implementation

Impacts


28

Improvements

for next

monitoring

period

(Paragraph 3

(g), Annex I)

Safeguard

activities

Monitoring of

the situation

and the

safeguard

activities

Criterion (j) Address the risks of reversals

Plans

specified in

the SGIP

(including

any revisions)

Safeguard

activities

Monitoring of

the situation

and the

safeguard

activities

Monitoring

results

(Paragraph 3

(f), Annex I)

Situation

Implementation

Impacts

Improvements

for next

monitoring

period

(Paragraph 3

(g), Annex I)

Safeguard

activities

Monitoring of

the situation

and the

safeguard

activities

Criterion (k) Reduce the risks of emissions displacement


29

Plans

specified in

the SGIP

(including

any revisions)

Safeguard

activities

Monitoring of

the situation

and the

safeguard

activities

Monitoring

results

(Paragraph 3

(f), Annex I)

Situation

Implementation

Impacts

Improvements

for next

monitoring

period

(Paragraph 3

(g), Annex I)

Safeguard

activities

Monitoring of

the situation

and the

safeguard

activities

Annex I. Instruction for planning, implementing, monitoring and reporting

safeguard activities

1. This instruction indicates processes to plan, implement, monitor and report safeguard

activities in a JCM REDD-plus project.

2. Project participants are encouraged to improve the safeguard activities continuously during

the project period, taking into account the specific circumstances of each project.

3. In addressing and respecting the safeguards per each criterion, project participants

undertake the following stepwise process to address each criterion:

(a) Identify the current situation with respect to the criterion;

(b) Considering the current situation and the project activities, identify any risks, gaps

and/or inconsistencies in relation to whether the project activities comply with the

criterion;

(c) When risks, gaps and/or inconsistencies are identified, develop and plan safeguard


30

activities as well as processes to monitor the implementation and impacts of the

safeguard activities;

(d) Implement the safeguard activities;

(e) Monitor the situation (even if safeguard activities are not implemented) and the

implementation and impacts of the safeguard activities;

(f) At the end of the monitoring period, report the results of the monitoring of the

situation and the safeguard activities in line with the plan in the SGPR;

(g) If the monitoring identifies the need for new and/or strengthened safeguards

activities and/or monitoring processes for the next monitoring period, include these

in the SGPR.

Figure: Indicative diagram of the relationship between the BaU emissions, reference emissions

and project emissions

4. Approaches for the planning of each safeguard criterion are provided in Annex II.

MONITORING PERIOD

(d)

Implement safeguard activities

(e)

Monitor situation and

implementation and impacts of

safeguard activities

(c)

Plan safeguard

activities and

monitoring

processes

(a) Identify

current

situation

(g) Plan new and/or strengthened safeguard

activities, reflecting the results of the monitoring

(f) Report on

monitoring

(b) Identify any

risks, gaps

and/or

inconsistencies


31

Annex II. Supplementary guidance for the planning of each safeguard criterion

Table: Approaches for planning safeguard activities per each criterion

Criteria Approaches for planning safeguard activities

(a)

Complement or be consistent

with the objectives of relevant

laws, policies, programmes

and other instruments at

national, regional and local

levels and relevant

international conventions and

agreements concluded by the

Kingdom of Cambodia

i. Identify relevant laws, policies, programmes and other instruments at national, regional and local levels and relevant

international conventions and agreements ratified or adopted by the Kingdom of Cambodia and their objectives. In doing so,

take into account non-forest sectors relevant to drivers of deforestation and forest degradation.

ii. Identify whether the project activities will contribute to achieving the objectives described above and whether any gaps and

inconsistencies between the objectives described above and the project activities exist.

iii. If gaps and inconsistencies to be resolved are identified, establish measures to address these issues and include them in the

implementation plan of safeguard activities. If the identified gaps and inconsistencies are caused by reasons beyond the

project’s control, describe such reasons.

(b)

Establish transparent and

effective project governance

structures

i. Identify (describe) the project’s existing/proposed governance structures. Provide information on:

a) Decision-making processes;

b) Consultation, consensus-building and information dissemination processes;

c) Grievance resolution mechanism;

d) Financial management system;

e) Benefit-sharing arrangements;

f) Accountability and oversight.

ii. Identify whether the project’s governance structures could be strengthened. Points that may be considered include:

a) Transparency and accountability in decision-making processes;

b) Provision of information to the public on the main features of the project, including its decision-making framework,

project oversight, any potential risks to stakeholders and plans for mitigating these, the stakeholder engagement process,

and free, prior and informed consent processes;

c) Effectiveness of information dissemination processes, considering local languages and culturally appropriate and

effective communication methods;

d) For grievance resolution, how grievances can be submitted and by whom, the length of time users can expect to wait for

resolution of their grievances, and how transparency and impartiality are upheld in decisions made on all grievances

received;

e) Transparency of the financial management system;

f) How the benefit sharing arrangement and the process to decide the benefit sharing arrangement are fair;

g) Sufficiency of project oversight.

iii. If project governance structures can be strengthened, establish measures and include them in the implementation plan of

safeguard activities.


32

(c) Recognize and respect rights

to lands and resources

i. Identify the legal rights to lands and resources related to the project. Also, through engagement with indigenous peoples and

local communities identify any of their customary rights to lands, territories and resources,4 paying particular attention to:

a) Sites and resources fundamental for satisfying the basic necessities of local communities or indigenous peoples (for

livelihoods, health, nutrition, water, etc.);

b) Sites, resources, habitats and landscapes of global or national cultural, archaeological or historical significance, and/or

of critical cultural, ecological, economic or religious/sacred importance for the traditional cultures of local communities

or indigenous peoples.5

ii. Identify the impacts of the project activities on the rights to lands and resources, including whether the project activities will

make contributions to improvements of the rights of indigenous peoples and local communities to use, access and manage

their own land.

iii. If negative impacts on the rights to lands and resources are identified, establish measures to address these issues and include

them in the implementation plan of safeguard activities. If free, prior and informed consent has not been acquired from any

groups whose rights to land and resources are negatively affected, include free, prior and informed consent processes in the

safeguard activities.6 Where negative impacts cannot be avoided, alternatives or on fair and just compensation should be

arranged in advance with affected people.

4 Customary rights refer to patterns of long-standing community lands, territories and resource usage in accordance with indigenous peoples’ and local communities’

customary laws, values, customs, and traditions, including seasonal or cyclical use, rather than formal legal title to lands, territories and resources issued by the State. 5 Of the 6 High Conservation Value (HCV) categories recognized by the HCV Network, 1, 2, 3, and 4 are considered under criterion (h) and 5 and 6 are considered under

criterion (c). 6 The following points may be considered when designing free, prior informed consent processes: (a) transparency; (b) gathering the views of all affected people,

including those of women and of marginalized and/or vulnerable people; (c) gender sensitivity, and (d) reflection of relevant customs, norms and traditions. Vulnerable

people are those who lack secure access to the assets on which secure livelihoods are built, while marginalized people are those that have little or no influence over

decision-making processes. Gender sensitivity means taking into account women’s views, needs and interests in project development and implementation.


33

(d)

Recognize and respect the

knowledge and rights of

indigenous peoples and


i. Identify the traditional knowledge of indigenous peoples and local communities that the project intends to use, if any, and

any rights of indigenous peoples and member of local communities related to the project including statutory and customary

rights. Rights to land and resources of indigenous peoples and member of local communities may be discussed under

criterion (c) above.7 Pay particular attention to rights associated with livelihoods and wellbeing, taking into account gender

issues and marginalized and vulnerable groups.8

ii. Identify whether the project upholds the rights of indigenous peoples or local communities over traditional knowledge, if the

project aims to utilize any traditional knowledge.

iii. Identify the potential impacts of the project activities on the rights of indigenous peoples and members of local communities,

paying attention to gender issues and marginalized or vulnerable groups.

iv. If free, prior and informed consent has not been obtained for any traditional knowledge of indigenous peoples and local

communities and/or if negative impacts of the project activities on the rights of indigenous peoples and members of local

communities are identified, establish measures to address these issues and include them in the implementation plan of

safeguard activities.

(e)

Promote and support the full

and effective participation of

relevant stakeholders, in

particular indigenous peoples

and local communities

i. Identify all the stakeholders related to the project activities, including indigenous peoples and local communities, and explain

their interests in the project.

ii. Identify whether opportunities and support for the participation of the stakeholders, including indigenous peoples and local

communities, in project activities could be enhanced. Pay particular attention to the participation of women, and vulnerable

and marginalized groups and communities. Consider whether any constraints to effective participation of stakeholders exist,

and whether the project addresses these through capacity building.

iii. If the participation of relevant stakeholders, in particular indigenous peoples, local communities, women and vulnerable and

marginalized groups can be increased, establish measures to increase participation and include them in the implementation

plan of safeguard activities.

(f)

Provide equal employment

opportunities and adequate

working conditions

i. Identify the project’s labour management procedures regarding employment policy, occupational health and safety, wages,

training and supervision, and process to respond to worker grievances.

ii. Identify whether the project’s employment policies and working conditions could be strengthened. Points that may be

considered include: equal employment opportunities (particularly opportunities for women and people from the local

communities); processes to inform employees of their rights; minimum and living wages; adequacy of job-specific training

and supervision for assigned tasks; whether health and safety practices are proportionate to risk; and fair treatment of any

worker grievances.

7 ‘Rights’ refers to individual and collective rights, cultural rights and identity, rights to education, health, employment, language, and other human rights and fundamental

freedoms. 8 Livelihood refers to the full range of means that individuals, families and communities utilize to make a living, such as wage-based income, agriculture, fishing, foraging,

other natural resource-based livelihoods, petty trade and bartering. Wellbeing may be defined as people’s experience of the quality of their lives and may include

environmental, social, economic, psychological, and spiritual dimensions.


34

iii. If the project’s employment policies and working conditions can be strengthened, establish measures to address these issues

and include them in the implementation plan of safeguard activities.

(g) Conserve natural forests

i. Provide a description of the natural forests9 in the project area.

ii. Identify whether any project activities could involve the clearing or disturbance of trees or other forest vegetation.

iii. If such activities exist, establish measures to minimize the clearance or disturbance and facilitate recovery, and include them

in the implementation plan of safeguard activities.

(h)

Respect other areas that have

high values for the

conservation of biological

diversity and ecosystem

services

i. Identify any other areas in the project vicinity that have high values for the conservation of biological diversity and

ecosystem services that could be impacted by the project activities on a map. These may include:

a) Concentrations of biological diversity including endemic species, and rare, threatened or endangered species, that are

significant at global, regional or national levels;

b) Intact forest landscapes and large landscape-level ecosystems and ecosystem mosaics that are significant at global,

regional or national levels, and that contain viable populations of the great majority of the naturally occurring species in

natural patterns of distribution and abundance;

c) Rare, threatened, or endangered ecosystems, habitats or refugia;

d) Basic ecosystem services in critical situations, including protection of water catchments and control of erosion of

vulnerable soils and slopes.

ii. Identify any risks that project activities could adversely impact biological diversity and ecosystem services in the identified

areas.

iii. If potential negative impacts are identified, establish measures to address these issues and include them in the

implementation plan of safeguard activities.

(i) Generate other social and

environmental benefits

i. Identify the living standards and the environment in the project vicinity.

ii. Identify whether the project is expected to generate social and environmental benefits, including any expected contributions

from the project to the objectives of policies and programmes related to the enhancement of social and environmental

benefits that exist in the project vicinity.

iii. If the project is not expected to generate other social and environmental benefits and/or does not contribute to the objectives

of policies and programmes related to the enhancement of social and environmental benefits that exist in the project vicinity,

or if the project’s social and environmental benefits can be reasonably increased, establish measures to enhance the social

and environmental benefits and include them in the implementation plan of safeguard activities.

9 Natural forest may be understood as a forest area with many of the principal characteristics and key elements of native ecosystems, such as complexity, structure and

biological diversity. Natural forest may include forest affected by harvesting or other disturbances where trees have or are being regenerated and where many of the

above-ground and below-ground characteristics of the natural forest are still present.


35

(j) Address the risks of reversals

i. Identify the risks of reversals associated with the project activities.

ii. Identify any project activities that reduce the risks of reversals and their expected effectiveness.

iii. If the project does not have activities that address the risks of reversals due to human-induced activities, establish measures

to reduce the risks and include them in the implementation plan of safeguard activities.

(k) Reduce the risks of emissions

displacement

i. Identify whether there are any risks of displacement of emissions due to the project activities.

ii. If risks of displacement not addressed in the applied methodology are identified, establish measures to reduce the risks and

include them in the implementation plan of safeguard activities.

JCM_KH_GL_TPE_ver03.0

1

Joint Crediting Mechanism Guidelines for Designation as a Third-Party Entity

CONTENTS

1. Objectives .............................................................................................................................. 2 2. Scope and applicability ......................................................................................................... 2 3. Normative references ............................................................................................................ 2 4. Terms and definitions ............................................................................................................ 2 5. Designation as a TPE ............................................................................................................ 3

5.1. Requirements for designation as a TPE ......................................................................... 3 5.2. Procedures for designation as a TPE .............................................................................. 3

6. Suspension, withdrawal and reinstatement of the designation .............................................. 4 6.1. Conditions for suspension or withdrawal of designation ............................................... 4 6.2. Procedures for suspension or withdrawal ...................................................................... 4

6.2.1. Procedures for suspension or withdrawal following a review ................................ 4 6.2.2. Procedures for suspension or withdrawal due to changes in the status of the TPE

regarding accreditation under ISO 14065 and/or accreditation/ designation under the CDM ................................................................................................................. 4

6.2.3. Procedures for voluntary withdrawal by a TPE ...................................................... 5 6.3. Procedures following suspension or withdrawal ............................................................ 5 6.4. Procedures for reinstatement of designation .................................................................. 6

Annex 1: Sectoral Scopes for the JCM ......................................................................................... 7 Annex 2: Application form for designation as a TPE.................................................................... 8


2

1. Objectives 1. The objectives of the “Joint Crediting Mechanism Guidelines for designation as a

Third-Party Entity” (hereinafter referred to as “these Guidelines”) are as follows: (a) To establish the criteria and procedures for designation of third-party entities

(hereinafter referred to as the “TPEs”), to perform validation and verification activities under the Joint Crediting Mechanism (hereinafter referred to as “JCM”); and

(b) To establish the criteria and procedures for suspension and withdrawal, and procedures for reinstatement of designation of TPEs.

2. Scope and applicability 2. These Guidelines are applicable to candidate entities, TPEs, the Joint Committee and the

secretariat with respect to designation, suspension and withdrawal of TPEs. 3. These Guidelines describe standards which are requirements to be met, except guidance

indicated with terms “should” and “may” as defined in paragraph 7 below.

3. Normative references 4. The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of these

Guidelines: (a) ISO 14065:2013 Greenhouse gases — Requirements for greenhouse gas validation

and verification bodies for use in accreditation or other forms of recognition; and (b) Clean Development Mechanism Accreditation Standard for Operational Entities.

4. Terms and definitions 5. TPEs are entities designated by the Joint Committee as qualified to validate proposed JCM

projects and/or verify GHG emission reductions or removals as a result of registered JCM projects.

6. Candidate entities are entities which have applied to be designated by the Joint Committee as TPEs.

7. The following terms apply in these Guidelines: (a) “Should” is used to indicate that among several possibilities, one course of action is

recommended as particularly suitable; and (b) “May” is used to indicate what is permitted.

8. Terms in these Guidelines are defined in JCM Glossary of Terms available on the JCM website.


3

5. Designation as a TPE 5.1. Requirements for designation as a TPE 9. To be designated as a TPE, a candidate entity fulfills all requirements as listed paragraphs

10 and 11 below. 10. Candidate entities are either:

(a) Entities accredited under ISO 14065 by an accreditation body that is a member of the International Accreditation Forum (hereinafter referred to as “IAF”) based on ISO 14064-2; or

(b) Designated Operational Entities (hereinafter referred to as “DOEs”) or operational entities accredited by the Executive Board under the Clean Development Mechanism (hereinafter referred to as “CDM”).

11. Candidate entities have sufficient knowledge of the JCM between the Kingdom of Cambodia and Japan by reading and knowing all applicable rules and guidelines of the JCM.

5.2. Procedures for designation as a TPE 12. Sectoral scopes under the JCM are described in Annex 1. 13. A candidate entity submits the application form as shown in Annex 2 in these Guidelines to

the Joint Committee. 14. When a TPE wishes to be designated under the JCM for additional sectoral scopes, the TPE

submits the application form and seeks its designation for those sectoral scopes. 15. The secretariat checks whether the application form is complete, and communicates the

result to the candidate entity within seven (7) days after the receipt of the submission. 16. When the application is deemed complete, the Joint Committee decides whether to

designate the candidate entity as a TPE or reject the application. 17. When the Joint Committee designates the candidate entity, applicable sectoral scopes under

the JCM for such entity are decided on the basis of: (a) In case the candidate entities are accredited under ISO 14065, sectoral competence

of the candidate entities as described in their application; and (b) In case the candidate entities are designated/accredited under the CDM, the sectoral

scopes identical to those under the CDM unless otherwise decided by the Joint Committee.

18. The secretariat notifies the result of the above decision to the candidate entity and makes the relevant information of the designated TPE and the sectoral scopes publicly available through the JCM website.

19. When the TPE changes its contact details, the TPE notifies the secretariat of such changes by electronic means immediately.


4

6. Suspension, withdrawal and reinstatement of the designation1 6.1. Conditions for suspension or withdrawal of designation 20. The designation is suspended or withdrawn under the following conditions:

(a) When the Joint Committee decides that the TPE no longer complies with the applicable JCM rules and guidelines following the review conducted by the Joint Committee;

(b) When the status of the TPE changes regarding accreditation under ISO 14065 and/or accreditation/designation under the CDM; and

(c) When the TPE voluntarily withdraws its designation status under the JCM.

6.2. Procedures for suspension or withdrawal 6.2.1. Procedures for suspension or withdrawal following a review 21. The Joint Committee may conduct a review on whether a TPE continues to comply with

the applicable JCM rules and guidelines. Such review may include on-site visits to evaluate the performance of a TPE. The Joint Committee may decide to appoint external experts or organizations which assist part of its work regarding the review.

22. If the Joint Committee has carried out a review and found that the TPE no longer complies with the applicable JCM rules and guidelines, the Joint Committee decides on whether to suspend or withdraw the designation of the TPE for some or all sectoral scopes, but only after the TPE has had the possibility of a hearing. The suspension or withdrawal immediately commences on the date when the decision is taken by the Joint Committee.

6.2.2. Procedures for suspension or withdrawal due to changes in the status of the TPE regarding accreditation under ISO 14065 and/or accreditation/designation under the CDM

23. For a TPE accredited only under ISO 14065, when its accreditation under ISO 14065 is suspended or withdrawn for some or all sectoral scopes2, the designation of the TPE for the corresponding sectoral scopes under the JCM is suspended or withdrawn on the date such suspension or withdrawal commences.

24. For a TPE designated only under the CDM, when the accreditation/designation is suspended or withdrawn for some or all sectoral scopes, the designation of the TPE for the corresponding sectoral scopes under the JCM is suspended or withdrawn on the date such suspension or withdrawal commences.

1 Suspension or withdrawal of the designation may be for some or all sectoral scopes. 2 "Withdrawal for some sectoral scopes" is described as "reducing scopes" under ISO 14065.


5

25. For a TPE accredited under ISO14065 and designated under the CDM: (a) When either accreditation under ISO 14065 or accreditation/designation under the

CDM is suspended or withdrawn for some or all sectoral scopes, the designation of the TPE for the corresponding sectoral scopes under the JCM is suspended or withdrawn on the date such suspension or withdrawal commences except for the cases described in subparagraphs (b) and (c) below;

(b) When either the TPE voluntarily withdraws the accreditation for some or all sectoral scopes under ISO 14065 or the TPE voluntarily withdraws the accreditation for some or all sectoral scopes under the CDM, without being suspended, the designation of the TPE under the JCM is maintained for the corresponding sectoral scopes for which the TPE continues its accreditation or designation under the other programme; and

(c) When either the TPE voluntarily withdraws the accreditation for some or all sectoral scopes under ISO 14065 or the TPE voluntarily withdraws the accreditation for some or all sectoral scopes under the CDM, which is currently under suspension, the designation of the TPE for the corresponding sectoral scopes under the JCM is suspended until the Joint Committee decides whether to withdraw or reinstate the designation.

26. In case the status of the TPE falls under the conditions described in paragraphs 23 to 25 above, the TPE notifies the Joint Committee of such status without delay.

6.2.3. Procedures for voluntary withdrawal by a TPE 27. A TPE may withdraw its designation status for some or all sectoral scopes by submitting

the letter through electric means specified on the JCM website, to the Joint Committee indicating the following:

(a) Name of the TPE with the signature of its authorized representative; (b) Sectoral scopes that the TPE wishes to withdraw; and (c) Date when the TPE wishes to withdraw its designation.

28. Voluntary withdrawal of the designation by a TPE for some or all sectoral scopes is effective on the same date indicated in line with paragraph 27(c) above.

29. Voluntary withdrawal of the designation by a TPE does not free the TPE from its contractual arrangement.

6.3. Procedures following suspension or withdrawal 30. When the designation of a TPE is suspended or withdrawn for some or all sectoral scopes,

the Joint Committee makes the name of the TPE, its status regarding sectoral scopes suspended or withdrawn and the reasons for the suspension or withdrawal publicly


6

available through the JCM website without delay. 31. When the designation of a TPE is suspended or withdrawn for some or all sectoral scopes,

the TPE notifies all affected organizations including project participants which the TPE is under contract to perform JCM validation and/or verification activities by the time of suspension or withdrawal.

32. When the designation of a TPE is suspended, the TPE may continue its ongoing JCM validation and/or verification activities for which the contract was in force at the time of its suspension.

33. When the designation of a TPE is withdrawn for some or all sectoral scopes, the TPE does not continue any JCM validation and/or verification activities for the sectoral scopes withdrawn.

34. Projects which had been already validated or verified by the TPE are not affected by its suspension or withdrawal, however, the Joint Committee may conduct any actions to these projects.

6.4. Procedures for reinstatement of designation 35. When a TPE whose designation is suspended or withdrawn for some or all sectoral scopes

in line with paragraph 20(a) above wishes its designation to be reinstated, the TPE submits the application form and documents which explain corrective actions for the causes of its suspension.

36. When a TPE whose designation is suspended or withdrawn for some or all sectoral scopes in line with paragraph 20(b) above wishes its designation to be reinstated after the suspension is lifted or the accreditation is reinstated under ISO 14065 and/or the CDM, the TPE submits the application form.

37. When a TPE whose designation is voluntarily withdrawn in line with paragraph 20(c) above wishes its designation to be reinstated, the entity submits the application form.

38. The Joint Committee decides on whether to reinstate the designation of the suspended or withdrawn TPE based on the submitted documents.

39. When the designation of a TPE is reinstated, the secretariat makes the name of the TPE and its reinstated sectoral scopes publicly available through the JCM website without delay.


7

Annex 1: Sectoral Scopes for the JCM 1. Energy industries (renewable - / non-renewable sources) 2. Energy distribution 3. Energy demand 4. Manufacturing industries 5. Chemical industry 6. Construction 7. Transport 8. Mining/Mineral production 9. Metal production 10. Fugitive emissions from fuels (solid, oil and gas) 11. Fugitive emissions from production and consumption of halocarbons and sulphur

hexafluoride 12. Solvents use 13. Waste handling and disposal 14. Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation, and the Role of

Conservation, Sustainable Management of Forests and Enhancement of Forest Carbon Stocks in Developing Countries (REDD-plus)

15. Agriculture


8

Annex 2: Application form for designation as a TPE Name of entity Central office Physical address

Postal address (if different from above)

Contact details Telephone: Mobile: Email:

Office in Japan, if applicable Physical address



Office in the host country, if applicable Physical address



Application condition

Check as appropriate

Accredited under ISO 14065 by an accreditation body that is a member of the International Accreditation Forum based on ISO 14064-2.

Sectoral scope(s) for validation

Sectoral scope(s) for verification

A Designated Operational Entity (DOE) or an operational entity accredited by the Executive Board under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM).

Sectoral scope(s) for validation

Sectoral scope(s) for verification

Sectoral scope (s) applied for

Validation

(Explanation for selecting the scope(s))

Verification

(Explanation for selecting the scope(s))

Type of application

Check as appropriate Initial designation Addition of sectoral scopes Reinstatement of designation


9

I declare that the information given in this application is correct to the best of my knowledge and belief. I conduct to inform the secretariat immediately of any changes with respect to the application and accept full responsibility for any costs incurred as a result of any changes not reported to the secretariat in line with the procedures for designation. On behalf of the entity, I declare that the all applicable JCM rules and guidelines are understood. Name Position (state position if other than CEO) Date Signature

JCM_KH_GL_VV_REDD+_ver01.0

1

Joint Crediting Mechanism Guidelines for Validation and Verification for Reducing

Emission from Deforestation and Forest Degradation, and the Role of Conservation,

Sustainable Management of Forests and Enhancement of Forest Carbon Stocks in

Developing Countries (REDD-plus)

CONTENTS

1. Objectives .............................................................................................................................. 3

2. Scope and applicability ......................................................................................................... 3

3. Normative references ............................................................................................................ 3

4. Terms and definitions ............................................................................................................ 4

5. General validation and verification procedures ..................................................................... 4

5.1. Sampling ........................................................................................................................ 5

6. Validation requirements......................................................................................................... 5

6.1. General requirements ..................................................................................................... 5

6.1.1. Validation approach ................................................................................................ 5

6.1.2. Means of validation ................................................................................................ 6

6.2. Project design document form ....................................................................................... 7

6.3. Project description ......................................................................................................... 7

6.4. Application of approved methodology(ies) ................................................................... 7

6.5. Carbon pools and GHG sources and calculation of emission reductions ...................... 8

6.6. Environmental impact assessment ................................................................................. 9

6.7. Local stakeholder consultation ....................................................................................... 9

6.8. Monitoring ................................................................................................................... 10

6.9. Public inputs ................................................................................................................. 11

6.10. Modalities of communications ..................................................................................... 11

6.11. Start of operation .......................................................................................................... 12

7. Validation report .................................................................................................................. 13

8. Verification requirements .................................................................................................... 13

8.1. General requirements ................................................................................................... 13

8.1.1. Verification approach ........................................................................................... 13

8.1.2. Means of verification ............................................................................................ 14

8.1.3. Level of assurance ................................................................................................ 15

8.1.4. Materiality ............................................................................................................ 16

8.2. Verification of compliance ........................................................................................... 16

8.2.1. Compliance of the project implementation with the eligibility criteria of the

applied methodology ............................................................................................ 16


2

8.2.2. Assessment of the project implementation against the registered PDD or any

approved revised PDD ......................................................................................... 16

8.2.3. Compliance of calibration frequency and correction of measured values with

related requirements ............................................................................................. 17

8.2.4. Assessment of data and calculation of GHG emission reductions ....................... 18

8.3. Post registration changes .............................................................................................. 19

9. Verification report ............................................................................................................... 19


3

1. Objectives

1. The objectives of the “Joint Crediting Mechanism Guidelines for Validation and

Verification for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation, and Role

of Conservation, Sustainable Management of Forests and Enhancement of Forest Carbon

Stocks in Developing Countries (REDD-plus)” (hereinafter referred to as these Guidelines)

are to:

(a) Enhance consistency and clarity of minimum requirements for all types of Joint

Crediting Mechanism (hereinafter referred to as “JCM”) validation and verification

activities for REDD-plus;

(b) Enhance the quality and consistency in the preparation, execution, and the

reporting of JCM validation and verification activities.

2. Scope and applicability

2. These Guidelines are applicable to third-party entities (hereinafter referred to as the

“TPEs”) that are under contractual arrangement with project participants to validate or

verify any JCM projects based on JCM methodologies previously approved by Joint

Committee.

3. These Guidelines describe standards which are requirements to be met, except guidance

indicated with terms “should” and “may” as defined in paragraph 10 below.

3. Normative references

4. The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of these

Guidelines:

(a) “ISO 14064-3:2006 Greenhouse gases -- Part 3: Specification with guidance for the

validation and verification of greenhouse gas assertions” (hereinafter referred to as

the “ISO 14064-3”);

(b) “Joint Crediting Mechanism Project Cycle Procedure for Reducing Emissions from

Deforestation and Forest Degradation, and Role of Conservation, Sustainable

Management of Forests and Enhancement of Forest Carbon Stocks in Developing

Countries (REDD-plus)” (hereinafter referred to as the “Project Cycle Procedure

for REDD-plus”);

(c) “Joint Crediting Mechanism Guidelines for Developing Project Design Document

and Monitoring Report for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest

Degradation, and Role of Conservation, Sustainable Management of Forests and

Enhancement of Forest Carbon Stocks in Developing Countries (REDD-plus)”

(hereinafter referred to as the “PDD and Monitoring Guidelines for REDD-plus”).

(d) “Joint Crediting Mechanism Guidelines for Addressing and Respecting Safeguards


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for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation, and the Role

of Conservation, Sustainable Management of Forests and Enhancement of Forest

Carbon Stocks in Developing Countries (REDD-plus)” (hereinafter referred to as

the “Safeguard Guidelines for REDD-plus”)

4. Terms and definitions

5. Validation is the process of independent evaluation of a proposed JCM project by a TPE

against these Guidelines.

6. Verification is the periodic independent review and ex post determination by a TPE of the

monitored GHG emissions reductions as a result of a registered JCM project during the

verification period.

7. A Corrective Action Request (CAR) is a request raised by the TPE to project participants

during validation or verification in cases such as when there has been a mistake, the

validation or verification requirements not been met or there is a risk that the emission

reductions cannot be monitored or calculated.

8. A Clarification Request (CL) is a request raised by the TPE to project participants during

validation or verification when the information provided is insufficient or unclear.

9. A Forward Action Request (FAR) is a request raised by the TPE to project participants

during validation to identify issues that require review during the first verification of the

project, or during verification if monitoring and reporting require attention and/or

adjustment for the next verification.

10. The following terms apply in these Guidelines:

(a) “Should” is used to indicate that among several possibilities, one course of action is

recommended as particularly suitable;

(b) “May” is used to indicate what is permitted.

11. Terms in these Guidelines are defined in “JCM Glossary of Terms” available on the JCM

website.

5. General validation and verification procedures

12. Validation and/or verification commence(s) when the TPE enters into contract for

validation and/or verification with the project participant.

13. Validation and verification of the project may be conducted by the same TPE.

14. Validation and verification may be conducted either simultaneously or separately.

15. The TPE selects a competent team to perform the validation and verification of the project.

16. In carrying out its validation and verification work, the TPE:

(a) Follows these Guidelines and integrates its provisions into the TPE’s own quality

management systems;


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(b) Applies the most recent decisions by the Joint Committee;

(c) Assesses the accuracy, conservativeness, relevance, completeness, consistency, and

transparency of the information provided by project participants;

(d) Determines whether information provided by the project participants is reliable and

credible;1

(e) Applies consistent validation and verification criteria:

(i) To the requirements of the applicable approved methodology;

(ii) Among projects with similar characteristics such as a similar application of

the approved methodology, use of technology, time period or region;

(iii) To expert judgments, over time and among projects.

(f) Bases its findings and conclusions on objective evidence and conducts all

validation and verification activities in line with JCM rules and guidelines;

(g) Does not omit evidence that is likely to alter the validation and verification

opinion;

(h) Presents information in the validation and verification reports in a factual, neutral

and coherent manner, documents all assumptions, provides references to

background material, and identifies changes made to documentation;

(i) Secures the confidentiality of all information obtained or created during validation

or verification.

5.1. Sampling

17. Where the TPE applies sampling as a part of its validation and verification activities, the

TPE samples in line with the “Standard for sampling and surveys for CDM project

activities and programme of activities” for large scale CDM projects.

6. Validation requirements

6.1. General requirements

6.1.1. Validation approach

18. In carrying out its validation activities, the TPE:

(a) Determines whether the proposed JCM project complies with the requirements of

the applied methodology(ies), these Guidelines and decisions by the Joint

Committee;

(b) Assesses the claims and assumptions made in the project design document

(hereinafter referred to as “PDD”) and modalities of communication statement

1 Information is credible if it is authentic and is able to inspire belief or trust, and the

willingness of persons to accept the quality of evidence. Information is reliable if the quality of

evidence is accurate and credible and able to yield the same results on a repeated basis.


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(hereinafter referred to as “MoC”). The evidence used in this assessment is not

limited to that provided by the project participants.

6.1.2. Means of validation

19. The TPE assesses the information provided by the project participants.

20. In assessing information, the TPE applies the means of validation specified throughout

these Guidelines, including but not limited to:

(a) Document review;

(b) Follow-up actions (e.g. on-site visit and interviews by telephone and/or email) as

deemed necessary;

(c) Reference to available information relating to projects or technologies similar to

the proposed JCM project under validation.

21. Where no specific means of validation is specified, the TPE applies appropriate auditing

techniques.

Corrective action requests, clarification requests, and forward action requests

22. During the validation of a project, if the TPE identifies issues that require further

elaboration, research or expansion in order to determine whether the project meets the

validation requirements, the TPE ensures that these issues are accurately identified,

formulated, discussed and concluded in the validation report.

23. The TPE raises a CAR if one of the following situations occur:

(a) The project participants have made mistakes in the PDD and the MoC;

(b) The applicable validation requirements as defined in these Guidelines have not

been met;

(c) There is a risk that emission reductions cannot be monitored or calculated.

24. The TPE raises a CL if information is insufficient or not clear enough to determine whether

the validation requirements have been met.

25. The TPE raises a FAR during validation to identify issues related to project implementation

that require review during the first and subsequent verifications of the project. The TPE

does not raise a FAR regarding issues which can be concluded before verification.

26. The TPE resolves or “closes out” CARs and CLs only if the project participants modify the

project design, rectify the PDD or provide additional explanations or evidence that satisfy

the TPE’s concerns. If this is not done, the TPE does not provide a positive validation

opinion.

27. The TPE reports on all CARs, CLs and FARs in its validation report. This reporting

explains the issues raised, the responses provided by the project participants, the means of

validation of such responses and references to any resulting changes in the PDD or


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supporting annexes.

6.2. Project design document form

Validation requirements

28. The TPE determines whether the PDD was completed using the latest version of the PDD

forms appropriate to the type of project and drafted in line with the PDD and Monitoring

Guidelines for REDD-plus.

Reporting requirements

29. The TPE provides a statement regarding the compliance of the PDD with relevant forms

and guidance.

6.3. Project description


30. The TPE determines whether the description of the proposed JCM project in the PDD is

accurate, complete, and provides an understanding of the proposed JCM project.

Means of validation

31. The TPE should conduct an on-site visit as deemed necessary. For proposed JCM projects

for which the TPE does not undertake an on-site inspection, the reasons for this are

justified. The TPE may apply a sampling approach as deemed appropriate.


32. The TPE:

(a) Describes the process conducted to validate the accuracy and completeness of the

project description;

(b) Provides an opinion on the accuracy and completeness of the project description;

(c) Provides a justification if it has not conducted an on-site visit.

6.4. Application of approved methodology(ies)


33. The TPE validates that the project is eligible for applying selected methodology and that

the applied version is valid at the time of submission of the proposed JCM project for

validation.

Means of validation

34. The TPE determines whether the methodology is correctly quoted and applied by


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comparing it with the actual text of the applicable version of the methodology.

35. If the PDD of a proposed JCM project is based on a previous version of a methodology

whose validity has expired, the TPE requests the project participants to provide a revised

PDD in line with the Project Cycle Procedure for REDD-plus.

36. The TPE determines whether the project meets each eligibility criterion of the approved

methodology or any other approved methodology component if referred to therein. This is

done by checking the documentation referred to in the PDD and by reviewing comparable

information as deemed necessary to confirm that the project meets the eligibility criteria of

the methodology.


37. For each eligibility criterion listed in the approved methodology applied, the TPE describes

the steps taken to assess the relevant information contained in the PDD against these

criteria.

6.5. Carbon pools and GHG sources and calculation of emission reductions


38. The TPE determines whether all relevant carbon pools and GHG sources covered in the

methodology are addressed for the purpose of calculating project net emissions and project

reference level for the proposed JCM project.

39. The TPE determines whether applied discount factor for risk of reversals is appropriate.

40. The TPE determines whether the values for project specific parameters to be fixed ex ante

listed in the Monitoring Plan Sheet are appropriate, if applicable.

Means of validation

41. The TPE confirms the carbon pools and GHG sources based on documented evidence and

corroborates it by a site visit where required.

42. If the methodology allows project participants to choose whether a carbon pool or GHG

source is to be included, the TPE determines whether the project participants have justified

that choice. The TPE determines whether the justification provided is reasonable, based on

an assessment of supporting documented evidence provided by the project participants and

corroborated by observations if required.

43. The TPE determines whether all data sources and assumptions for the applied discount

factor are appropriate and calculations are correct as applicable to the proposed JCM

project.

44. The TPE ensures that the Monitoring Spreadsheet is not altered, and its required fields are

appropriately filled in.


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45. If values for project specific parameters are fixed ex ante, the TPE determines whether all

data sources and assumptions are appropriate and calculations are correct as applicable to

the proposed JCM project.


46. The TPE describes how the validation of carbon pools and GHG sources has been

performed, by detailing the documentation assessed and by describing its observations.

47. The TPE states whether the selected carbon pools and GHG sources are justified for the

JCM project. Should the TPE identify carbon pools and GHG sources that will be affected

by the implementation of the proposed JCM project and which are significantly and

reasonably attributable to the project and are not addressed by the applied approved

methodology, the TPE informs the Joint Committee and the project participants of such

findings by electronic means.

48. The TPE describes the steps taken to validate applied discount factor. The TPE provides an

opinion as to whether those are considered reasonable in the context of the proposed JCM

project.

49. The TPE describes the steps taken to assess values for project specific parameters to be

fixed ex ante in the Monitoring Plan Sheet and intermediate processes to derive the values.

The TPE provides an opinion as to whether those are considered reasonable in the context

of the proposed JCM project.

6.6. Environmental impact assessment


50. The TPE determines whether the project participants conducted an environmental impact

assessment, if required by the Kingdom of Cambodia, in line with the Cambodian

procedures.

Means of validation

51. The TPE assesses the above requirements by means of a document review and/or using

local official sources and expertise.


52. The TPE indicates whether the project participants have conducted an environmental

impact assessment in line with procedures as required by the Kingdom of Cambodia.

6.7. Local stakeholder consultation



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53. The TPE determines whether the project participants have completed a local stakeholder

consultation process and that due steps were taken to engage stakeholders and solicit

comments for the proposed project.

Means of validation

54. The TPE determines, by means of document review and interviews with local stakeholders

as appropriate, whether:

(a) Comments have been invited from local stakeholders that are relevant for the

proposed project;

(b) The summary of the comments received as provided in the PDD is complete;

(c) The project participants have taken due account of all comments received and have

described this process in the PDD.


55. The TPE:

(a) Describes the steps taken to assess the adequacy of the local stakeholder

consultation;

(b) Provides an opinion on the adequacy of the local stakeholder consultation.

6.8. Monitoring


56. The TPE determines whether the description of the monitoring plan (Monitoring Plan Sheet

and Monitoring Structure Sheet) is based on the approved methodology and/or PDD and

Monitoring Guidelines for REDD-plus.

57. The TPE determines whether the monitoring points for measurement are appropriate, as

well as whether monitoring measures and procedures, the types of equipment to be installed

are appropriate if necessary.

Means of validation

58. The TPE applies a two-step process to meet the above requirements:

(a) To assess compliance of the monitoring plan with the approved methodology

and/or PDD and Monitoring Guidelines for REDD-plus, the TPE:

(i) Identifies the list of parameters required by the applied methodology by

means of document review;

(ii) Confirms that they are described and that the means of monitoring described

in the plan complies with the requirements of the methodology.

(b) To assess the implementation of the plan the TPE assesses whether:


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(i) The monitoring structure described in the Monitoring Structure Sheet of the

monitoring plan are feasible within the project design;

(ii) The means of implementation of the monitoring plan, including the data

management and quality assurance and quality control procedures, are

sufficient for ex post reporting and verification.


59. The TPE:

(a) States its opinion on the compliance of the described monitoring plan with the

requirements of the methodology and/or PDD and Monitoring Guidelines for

REDD-plus;

(b) States its opinion on the project participants’ ability to implement the described

monitoring plan including feasibility of monitoring structure.

6.9. Public inputs


60. The TPE ensures that all inputs on the PDD of the proposed JCM project submitted in line

with the Project Cycle Procedure are taken into due account by the project participants..

Means of validation

61. The TPE reviews all inputs on the PDD of the proposed JCM project submitted in line with

the Project Cycle Procedure.

62. The TPE interviews with the project participants as necessary to determine whether the

project participants have taken due account of the public inputs.


63. The TPE reports the details of the actions taken to take due account of the inputs received

during the public inputs.

6.10. Modalities of communications


64. The TPE validates the corporate identity of all project participants and a focal point

included in the MoC, as well as the personal identities, including specimen signatures and

employment status, of their authorized signatories.

65. The TPE validates that the MoC has been correctly completed and duly authorized.

Means of validation


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66. The TPE validates the requirements delineated in paragraph 64 above through:

(a) Directly checking evidence for corporate, personal identity and other relevant

documentation;

(b) Notarized documentation; or

(c) Written confirmation from the project participant that submits to it the MoC that all

corporate and personal details, including specimen signatures, are valid and

accurate.

67. When the TPE validates identity by applying paragraph 66(c) above, the TPE ensures that

the MoC is received from a project participant with whom the TPE has a contractual

relationship.

68. When the TPE validates identity by applying paragraph 66(c) above, the TPE ensures that

the official who submits the MoC to the TPE and the official who signed the written

confirmation (if a different person) is/are duly authorized to do so on behalf of the

respective project participant.

69. If the TPE is unable to validate the requirements by applying paragraph 66 (a), (b) or (c)

above then the TPE may perform further validation activities in order to confirm that the

corporate and personal details, employment status and specimen signatures included in the

MoC are valid and accurate and comply with the requirements of this section.

70. The TPE checks that:

(a) The latest version of the form for the MoC has been used;

(b) The information required as per the form for the MoC is correctly completed.


71. The TPE describes how it has performed due diligence on the MoC in line with the

requirements established in these Guidelines.

72. The TPE describes how the MoC complies with all relevant forms and requirements.

6.11. Start of operation


73. The TPE validates the start of the operating date of the proposed JCM project.

Means of validation

74. The TPE conducts a review of documents and records of operation and performance as

appropriate. The TPE should conduct an on-site visit as deemed necessary.


75. The TPE provides an opinion on the start of the operating date of the proposed JCM


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project.

7. Validation report

76. The TPE reports the results of its assessment in a validation report.

77. The TPE states in the validation report either of the following final validation opinion:

(a) A positive validation opinion with a date of submission; or

(b) A negative validation opinion explaining the reason for its opinion if the TPE

determines that the proposed JCM project does not fulfill the applicable JCM

requirements or the information provided by the project participants is insufficient.

78. The validation report gives an overview of the validation conclusions and the validation

process used by the TPE. All validation findings are identified and justified.

79. In its validation report, the TPE provides the following:

(a) A summary of the validation process and its conclusions;

(b) All its applied approaches, findings and conclusions;

(c) Information on public inputs carried out by the Joint Committee, including dates

and how inputs received have been taken into account by the project participants;

(d) Responses of the project participants to CARs and CLs, and discussions on and

revisions to project documentation;

(e) A list of interviewees and documents reviewed;

(f) Details of the validation team, technical experts, internal technical reviewers

involved, together with their roles in the validation activity and details of who

conducted the on-site visit;

(g) Information on quality control within the team and in the validation process;

(h) Appointment certificates or curricula vitae of the TPE’s validation team members,

technical experts and internal technical reviewers for the project.

80. The TPE provides the project participants with the report along with the supporting

documents, and informs the Joint Committee of the outcome.

8. Verification requirements

8.1. General requirements

8.1.1. Verification approach

81. In carrying out its verification activities, a TPE determines whether the project complies

with the requirements of the applied methodology(ies), these Guidelines, and decisions by

the Joint Committee.

82. Main focus of verification activities are given to the assessment of the following aspects:

(a) The eligibility criteria which are stipulated in the applied methodology of

implemented projects are satisfied;


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(b) The data used in monitoring reports is credible and reliable;

(c) There are no post registration changes which prevent the use of the applied

methodology.

83. The assessment described in paragraph 82 above involves a review of relevant

documentation as well as an on-site visit(s) at least for the first verification.

84. In addition to the documentation concerning monitoring activity the TPE reviews:

(a) The registered PDD, including any approved changes from the registered PDD and

the corresponding validation opinion;

(b) The validated PDD in case validation and verification are conducted

simultaneously and the corresponding validation opinion;

(c) The validation report;

(d) Previous verification reports, if any;

(e) The applied methodology;

(f) The monitoring report to verify that it is as per the corresponding Monitoring

Report Sheet to the applied methodology;

(g) Any other information and references relevant to the project’s emission reductions

(e.g. IPCC Guidelines and reports, data collected in measurement and national

regulations);

85. In addition to reviewing the monitoring documentation, the TPE determines whether the

project participants have addressed the FARs identified during validation or previous

verification(s).

Quality of evidence

86. When verifying the reported emission reductions, the TPE confirms that there is an audit

trail that contains the evidence and records that validate or invalidate the stated values in

the Monitoring Report Sheet. It includes the source documents that form the basis for

calculations and other information underlying the emission reductions.

87. When assessing the audit trail, the TPE:

(a) Addresses whether there is sufficient evidence available, both in terms of

frequency (time period between evidence) and coverage (in covering the full

monitoring period);

(b) Addresses the source and nature of the evidence (external or internal, oral or

documented).

88. The TPE only verifies emission reductions that are based on verifiable evidence.

8.1.2. Means of verification

89. The TPE assesses the information provided by the project participants.


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90. In assessing information, the TPE applies the means of verification specified throughout

these Guidelines, including but not limited to:

(a) Document review; and

(b) On-site assessment.

91. Where no specific means of verification is specified, the TPE applies appropriate auditing

techniques.

Corrective action requests, clarification requests, and forward action requests

92. The TPE identifies, discusses and concludes in the verification report issues related to the

monitoring, implementation and operations of the registered/validated project that could

impair the capacity of the registered/validated project to achieve emission reductions or

influence the monitoring and reporting of emission reductions.

93. The TPE raises a CAR if one of the following situations occur:

(a) Non-compliance with the eligibility criteria of the applied methodology is found in

implementation and operation of the project, or if the evidence provided to prove

conformity is insufficient;

(b) Modifications, which prevent the use of the applied methodology, to the

implementation, operation and monitoring of the registered/validated project has

not been sufficiently documented by the project participants;

(c) Mistakes have been made in applying assumptions, data or calculations of emission

reductions that will impact the quantity of emission reductions; or

(d) Issues identified in a FAR during validation or previous verification(s) to be

verified have not been resolved by the project participants.

94. The TPE raises a CL if information is insufficient or not clear enough to determine whether

the applicable requirements of the applied methodology and the PDD have been met.

95. All CARs and CLs raised by the TPE during verification are resolved prior to submitting a

request for issuance of credits.

96. The TPE raises a FAR during verification for actions if the monitoring and reporting

require attention and/or adjustment for the next verification period.

97. The TPE reports on all CARs, CLs and FARs in its verification report. This reporting is

conducted in a transparent manner that allows the reader to understand the issue raised, the

responses provided by the project participants, the means of verification of such responses

and references to any resulting changes in the monitoring report or supporting annexes.

8.1.3. Level of assurance

98. The TPE applies the reasonable assurance level for verification in line with ISO

14064-3:2006.


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8.1.4. Materiality

99. The TPE uses the concept of materiality for verification in line with ISO 14064-3:2006.

100. The threshold of materiality for verification is set at five (5) percent of emission reductions.

8.2. Verification of compliance

8.2.1. Compliance of the project implementation with the eligibility criteria of the

applied methodology

Verification requirements

101. The TPE determines the conformity of the actual project and its operation with the

eligibility criteria of the applied methodology.

Means of verification

102. The TPE assesses, by means of an on-site visit, that physical features of the project are in

place and that the project participants have operated the project as per the eligibility criteria

of the applied methodology. If an on-site visit is not conducted after the first verification,

the TPE justifies the rationale of the decision.


103. For each monitoring period, the TPE reports the compliance with the eligibility criteria of

the applied methodology.

8.2.2. Assessment of the project implementation against the registered PDD or any

approved revised PDD


104. The TPE assesses the status of the actual project and its operation with the

registered/validated PDD or any approved revised PDD.


105. The TPE assesses, by means of an on-site visit at least for the first verification, that

physical features of the project in the registered/validated PDD are in place and that the

project participants have operated the project as per the registered/validated PDD or any

approved revised PDD.


106. For each monitoring period, the TPE reports changes from the registered or validated PDD

or any approved revised PDD.


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8.2.3. Compliance of calibration frequency and correction of measured values

with related requirements


107. If monitoring of parameters related to the emission reductions of a project has been

conducted by measuring equipments (monitoring Option C defined in the PDD and

Monitoring Guidelines for REDD-plus), the TPE determines whether the measuring

equipments have been properly calibrated in line with the monitoring plan and whether

measured values are properly corrected, where necessary, to calculate emission reductions

in line with the PDD and Monitoring Guidelines for REDD-plus.


108. If monitoring of parameters related to the emission reductions of the project has been

conducted by measuring equipments (monitoring Option C defined in the PDD and

Monitoring Guidelines for REDD-plus), the TPE determines whether the measuring

equipments have been properly calibrated in line with the monitoring plan.

109. If the measuring equipments are:

(a) Properly calibrated in line with the monitoring plan, the TPE determines whether

the measured values are properly corrected, where necessary, to calculate emission

reductions in line with the PDD and Monitoring Guidelines for REDD-plus;

(b) Not properly calibrated in line with the monitoring plan, the TPE determines

whether the result of a delayed calibration is allowed to be used to calculate

emission reductions in line with the PDD and Monitoring Guidelines for

REDD-plus. If the result of a delayed calibration is:

(i) Allowed to be used, the TPE determines whether the measured values are

properly corrected, where necessary, based on the result of the delayed

calibration in line with the PDD and Monitoring Guidelines for REDD-plus;

(ii) Not allowed to be used, the measured values are not used for that monitoring

period.

110. Where using the result of a delayed calibration is allowed as described in paragraph

109(b)(i), if the results of the delayed calibration are not available or the calibration has not

been conducted at the time of verification, the TPE requests, prior to finalizing verification,

the project participants to conduct the required calibration.

111. In cases where the TPE determines that it is not possible for the project participants to

conduct the calibration at a frequency specified by either the applied methodology and/or

the registered monitoring plan due to reasons beyond the control of project participants, the

TPE seeks guidance from the Joint Committee.


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112. The TPE lists each parameter which has been monitored by measuring equipment and

states whether the calibration of the measuring equipment is properly conducted in line

with the monitoring plan and whether the measured values are appropriately corrected, if

necessary, in line with the PDD and Monitoring Guidelines for REDD-plus.

8.2.4. Assessment of data and calculation of GHG emission reductions


113. The TPE assesses the data and calculations of GHG emission reductions achieved

by/resulting from the project by the application of the selected approved methodology.


114. The TPE determines whether:

(a) The corresponding Monitoring Report Sheet of the applied methodology has been

used;

(b) A complete set of data for the specified monitoring period is available. If partial

data are unavailable, the TPE either gives negative verification opinion for that

time period during which the data are unavailable in the monitoring period or seeks

guidance from the Joint Committee;

(c) Information provided in the monitoring report has been checked with sources such

as statistics, inventories, purchase records, surveys, records of measured value;

(d) Any assumptions used in emission calculations have been justified;

(e) Appropriate parameters including emission factors, default values, and other

reference values have been correctly applied.


115. The verification report contains:

(a) A confirmation that appropriate Monitoring Report Sheet of the applied

methodology has been used;

(b) A confirmation that a set of data for the specified monitoring period was complete,

or a list of actions taken by the TPE in line with the guidance from the Joint

Committee when partial data are unavailable;

(c) A description of how the TPE checked reported data;

(d) An opinion as to whether assumptions, measured and calculated value as activity

data and other parameters, emission factors, default values, and other reference

values that were applied in the calculations have been justified.


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8.3. Post registration changes


116. The TPE determines whether there are post registration changes from the registered PDD

and/or methodology which prevent the use of the applied methodology.


117. If the TPE identifies that the project has been changed from the registered PDD and/or

methodology and that change would prevent the use of the applied methodology, the TPE

raises a CAR and requests the project participants to seek prior approval from the Joint

Committee with respect to the acceptability of the changes.

118. The TPE continues verification following guidance from the Joint Committee.


119. Where the change which prevents the use of the applied methodology is identified during

verification and the Joint Committee approves the change, the TPE indicates in the

verification report the types of change, and how the CAR raised is addressed.

120. Where the change which does not prevent the use of the applied methodology is identified

during verification, the TPE describes the types of change in the verification report.

9. Verification report

121. The verification report gives an overview of the verification conclusions and the

verification process used by the TPE. All verification findings are identified and justified.

122. The TPE reports the following:

(a) A summary of the verification process and the scope of verification;

(b) A summary of the verification results and decision on the level of assurance;

(c) Details of the verification team, technical experts, and internal reviewers involved,

together with their roles in the verification activity and details of who conducted

the on-site visit;

(d) Findings of the desk review and site visit;

(e) All of the TPE’s findings and conclusions as to whether:

(i) The project has been implemented and operated in line with the eligibility

criteria of the applied methodology;

(ii) Omissions or misstatements of reported values are considered as immaterial;

(iii) The measuring equipments have been calibrated in line with the monitoring

plan and the measured values are corrected appropriately in line with the

PDD and Monitoring Guidelines for REDD-plus, for parameters monitored


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under Option C;

(iv) The data and calculation of emission reductions have been assessed to

correctly support the emission reductions being claimed;

(f) A list of each parameter specified by the monitoring plan and a statement on how

the values in the monitoring report have been verified;

(g) A statement that identifies any changes to the registered PDD, and their date of

approval by the Joint Committee;

(h) An assessment and close-out of any CARs, CLs or FARs issued to the project

participants;

(i) An assessment of remaining issues from the previous verification period, if

appropriate;

(j) A conclusion on the verified amount of emission reductions achieved.

123. The TPE describes all documentation supporting verification and makes such

documentation available to the Joint Committee upon request.

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JCM_KH_Glossary_ver02.0

Joint Crediting Mechanism Glossary of Terms 1. Glossary for general Category No. Term Definition in JCM Emission reductions or removals

1. Greenhouse Gases (GHG)

GHG are those gases of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) and nitrogen trifluoride (NF3) (RoI para.2).

2. JCM project GHG emission reductions or removals project activities under the JCM (RoI para.3).

3. Eligibility criteria Eligibility criteria are requirements for the JCM project defined in the JCM methodology and contain the followings: (a) Requirements for the project in order to be registered as a JCM project; (b) Requirements for the project to be able to apply the JCM methodology.

4. Net decrease and/or avoidance of GHG emissions

In the JCM, emission reductions to be credited are defined as the difference between reference emissions and project emissions. The reference emissions are calculated below business as usual (BaU) emissions to ensure a net decrease and/or avoidance of GHG emissions.

5. Reference emissions

Reference emissions are calculated below business-as-usual (BaU) emissions. Reference emissions are calculated by multiplying a crediting threshold which is typically expressed as GHG emissions per unit of output by total outputs.

6. Business-as-usual (BaU) emissions

Business-as-usual (BaU) emissions represent plausible emissions in providing the same outputs or service level of the proposed JCM project in the host country.

7. Crediting threshold Crediting threshold is typically expressed as GHG emissions per unit of output. A crediting threshold is established ex ante in the methodology applicable for the same project type in the host country. It should also be established conservatively in order to calculate reference emissions below BaU emissions.

8. Emissions sources and GHG types

Those emissions sources and GHG types whose emissions are significant and reasonably attributable to the JCM project.

9. Sinks and GHG types

Those sinks and GHG types whose removals or emissions are significant and reasonably attributable to the JCM project.

10. Sectoral scope The category of GHG source sectors or groups of activities that apply to JCM projects. It is based on the sectoral scope for the CDM. A JCM project may fall within more than one sectoral scope.

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11. Level of assurance Level of assurance is defined as degree of assurance the Joint Committee requires in a verification. The level of assurance is used to determine the depth of detail that a verifier designs into their verification plan to determine if there are any material errors, omissions or misrepresentations.

12. Materiality Materiality is a concept that individual or the aggregation of errors, omissions and misrepresentations could affect the greenhouse gas assertion and could influence the intended users' decisions.

Governance 13. Each side Each side, based on the rules and guidelines as

developed by the Joint Committee and/or in accordance with relevant domestic laws and regulations in respective countries for the implementation of the JCM: (a) Prepares draft methodologies and submits them to the Joint Committee; (b) Establishes and maintains a registry in line with the common specifications for registries, as developed by the Joint Committee; (c) On the basis of notification for issuance of credit by the Joint Committee (including for allocation of credits among participants), issues the notified amount of credits to its registry. Each side promptly informs the Joint Committee on the issuance of credits under the JCM (RoI para.13-14).

14. Joint Committee The Joint Committee consists of the representatives from the Cambodian side and the Japanese side. The Joint Committee may develop or modify the rules and guidelines necessary for the implementation of the JCM, approve proposed methodologies, designate third party entities, register JCM projects, and notify both sides to issue credits for a JCM project.

15. JCM secretariat The Joint Committee establishes its secretariat for the implementation of the JCM (RoI para.12).

16. Third-party entity A third-party entity is an entity designated by the Joint Committee, based on the criteria and procedures established by the “Joint Crediting Mechanism Guidelines for Designation of a Third-Party Entity”, as qualified to validate proposed JCM projects as well as verify GHG emission reductions or removals.

17. Project participant A project participant is a government, private entity and/or public entity involved to participate in a JCM project which may develop and implement a JCM project, monitor and report GHG emission reductions or removals, and requests the Joint Committee to notify each side to issue the credits.

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Documents/ infrastructure

18. Methodology A methodology applied to JCM projects for calculating emission reductions achieved by each project and monitoring the JCM project. A proposed methodology is a methodology that has been submitted to the Joint Committee for approval. A proposed methodology consists of proposed methodology form and Proposed Methodology Spreadsheet. An approved methodology is a methodology that has been approved by the Joint Committee for application to JCM projects. An approved methodology consists of an approved methodology document and a Monitoring Spreadsheet. Approved methodologies are publicly available on the JCM website.

19. Proposed Methodology Spreadsheet

A Proposed Methodology Spreadsheet is a part of a proposed methodology developed by methodology proponents. A Proposed Methodology Spreadsheet defines a monitoring plan and enables calculation of GHG emission reductions automatically through inputting values. The Proposed Methodology Spreadsheet consists of an input sheet and calculation process sheet.

20. Monitoring Spreadsheet

A Monitoring Spreadsheet is a part of an approved methodology. The Monitoring Spreadsheet consists of a Monitoring Plan Sheet (input sheet and calculation process sheet), Monitoring Structure Sheet, and Monitoring Report Sheet (input sheet and calculation process sheet). The Monitoring Plan Sheet and Monitoring Structure Sheet are used for developing a monitoring plan and calculating emission reductions ex ante. The Monitoring Report Sheet is used for preparing a monitoring report and calculating emission reductions ex post. The Monitoring Plan Sheet and Monitoring Report Sheet are prepared based on the Proposed Methodology Spreadsheet and the Monitoring Structure Sheet is added by secretariat after the approval of the proposed methodology by the Joint Committee.

21. Project design document (PDD)

The document prepared by the project participant of a JCM project which sets out in detail the JCM project which is to be realized. A Project design document (PDD) consists of a completed PDD form and monitoring plan using a Monitoring Plan Sheet and Monitoring Structure Sheet of the Monitoring Spreadsheet. The form of PDD, Monitoring Spreadsheet, and guidelines on preparing the PDD, are publicly available through the JCM website.

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22. Monitoring plan A monitoring plan sets out the methodology to be used by project participants for the monitoring of, and by third-party entities for verification of the amount of GHGs emission reductions achieved by the JCM project. A monitoring plan is developed using Monitoring Plan Sheet and Monitoring Structure Sheet of Monitoring Spreadsheet.

23. Monitoring report A monitoring report is prepared by a project participant and sets out the GHG emission reductions of an implemented registered JCM project for a particular monitoring period. A monitoring plan is prepared using a Monitoring Report Sheet of a Monitoring Spreadsheet.

24. Registry Each side establishes a registry to record and use the credits (RoI para.39).

25. Credit Credits are issued based on quantified amount of GHG emission reductions or removals achieved by the contribution of project participants in the implementation of GHG emission reductions or removals project activities under the JCM (RoI para.3).

Project cycle 26. Modalities of

communication statement (MoC)

A modalities of communication statement (MoC) from (or signed by) all project participants participating in a JCM project, defined in a prescribed form, that designates one focal point entity to communicate on their behalf with the secretariat and the Joint Committee in line with established scopes.

27. Validation Validation is the process of independent evaluation of a proposed JCM project by a third-party entity against the validation guidelines as developed by the Joint Committee on the basis of the PDD (RoI para.25).

28. Registration Registration is the formal acceptance by the Joint Committee of a validated project as a JCM project (RoI para.30).

29. Monitoring Project participants implement a JCM project and monitor GHG emission reductions or removals by the JCM project based on the PDD (RoI para.33).

30. Verification Verification is the periodic independent review and ex post determination by a third-party entity of the monitored GHG emissions reductions or removals as a result of a registered JCM project during the verification period (RoI para.36).

31. Issuance of credits

The action taken by each side to issue the credits to its respective account in the registry in line with the notification of the Joint Committee.

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2. Glossary for REDD-plus Category No. Term Definition in JCM Emission reductions or removals

1. REDD-plus REDD-plus (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation, and the Role of Conservation, Sustainable Management of Forests and Enhancement of Forest Carbon Stocks in Developing Countries) is one of the sectoral scopes of JCM project.

2. Project area Project area is the area targeted for reducing net emissions from forest.

3. Reference area Reference area is the area used to establish the project reference level.

4. Displacement belt Displacement belt is the area outside the project area where net emissions displaced by project activities are monitored. Displacement belt is identified, when necessary.

5. Activity area Activity area is the area where project activities are implemented to reduce net emissions in the project area and to reduce the risk of the displacement of emissions to other areas. Activity area is identified, when necessary.

6. Project emission reductions to be credited

Project emission reductions to be credited are defined as the sum of the annual emission reductions resulting from project activities adjusted using a discount factor for the risk of reversals during a monitoring period. Annual emission reductions are a conservative estimate of the difference between the project reference level and project net emissions in each year.

7. Project reference level

Project reference level is an estimate of the anticipated annual net forest-related emissions in the project area during the monitoring period without the project being implemented.

8. Project net emissions

Project net emissions are reasonably attributable to the JCM project activities. Project net emissions is the sum of actual net emissions from forest in the project area, GHG emissions from the project activities and net emissions displaced to outside of the project area by the project activities during the monitoring period.

9. Displaced emissions

Displaced emissions are net emissions displaced from forest inside to outside the project area as a result of the project activities.

10. Net emissions Net emissions include net CO2 emissions from carbon pools and GHG emissions from GHG sources.

11. Net CO2 emissions Net CO2 emissions from the carbon pools are defined as a result of gross emissions caused by decreases of the carbon stocks minus removals caused by increases of the carbon stocks.

12. Carbon stocks Carbon stocks to be considered include each of the following five carbon pools: above ground biomass, below-ground biomass, dead wood, litter and soil organic carbon.

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13. GHG sources GHG sources to be considered are sources such as biomass burning, enteric fermentations of livestock, rice cultivation, and nitrogen fertilization for CH4 and N2O and fuel consumed by project activities for CO2.

14. Discount factor In order to effectively deal with the risk of reversals, the annual project emission reductions to be credited are calculated using a discount factor, considering internal risks (such as risks arising from inadequate project management, loss of financial viability, increased opportunity costs, and reduction of project longevity), external risks (such as risks caused by issues associated with land ownership and resource use rights, community engagement, and political matters) and natural risks (such as risks associated with unprecedented forest fires, pests and disease outbreaks, extreme weather patterns, and geological events).

15. Reference period Reference period is the temporal domain from which information on historical trend of such as deforestation is extracted, analyzed and projected into the future.

16. Remote sensing Remote sensing is a method of measuring land cover and/or land use change by a recording device that is not in physical contact with the land, such as satellite.

17. Ground-based survey

Ground-based survey is on-the-ground measurement to obtain data used for estimating emission factors or other parameters, such as carbon stocks per area.

Documents/ infrastructure

18. Safeguard activity for REDD-plus

Safeguard activity for REDD-plus is activity implemented during the project, to avoid and/or reduce political, environmental, and socio-economic negative impact. In UNFCCC, safeguards which should be promoted and supported are shown in para 2, Appendix I of 1/CP.16. The result of safeguard activity may not directly affect the amount of emission reductions by the project.

19. Safeguard activity implementation plan (SGIP)

A SGIP is prepared by a project participant of a REDD-plus project under the JCM and set out in detail the safeguard activity to be implemented in the project. A SGIP is prepared by filling in the SGIP form. The form is available through the JCM website.

20. Safeguard activity progress report (SGPR)

A SGPR is prepared by a project participant of a REDD-plus project under the JCM and set out the progress of the safeguard activity implemented in line with the SGIP in a particular period. A SGPR is prepared by filling in the SGPR form. The form is available through the JCM website.

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