J.B. Neethling, PhD, PE€¦ · 1. EDUCATION . Doctor of Philosophy, of nutrie Civil/Sanitary...

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EDUCATION Doctor of Philosophy, Civil/Sanitary Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, 1983 Master of Science, Civil/Sanitary Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, 1980 Bachelor of Science, Civil Engineering (cum laude), University of Stellenbosch South Africa, 1977

REGISTRATION Professional Civil Engineer, California No. 44101, 1989; Nevada No. 11264, 1995

HDR TENURE 28 Years

INDUSTRY TENURE 40 Years

J.B. Neethling, PhD, PE

Dr. Neethling is a Senior Vice President with HDR Engineering, Inc. As the Technical Director for Wastewater Treatment, he is responsible for evaluating technical solutions to environmental problems, drawing from his academic and research experience to find practical solutions for current challenges.

He has more than 40 years of experience in reviewing, evaluating, and designing wastewater treatment processes. His primary focus is biological wastewater treatment processes, specifically nutrient removal design and operations. He was worked on more than 75 biological nutrient removal (BNR) projects across the United States and abroad. He is currently the principal investigator for the Water Environment Research Foundation (WERF) Nutrient Removal Challenge, a program to develop scientific information about the fate of nutrients (both nitrogen and phosphorus), their characteristics, treatability, and bioavailability in aquatic environments.

Dr. Neethling has contributed to the Manual of Practices and served as associate editor for the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) and Water Environment Federation (WEF), organized conferences for International Water Association (IWA) and WEF, and served on committees for several professional organizations. He has published technical papers in ASCE, WEF, and IWA journals, and presented at numerous state, national and international conferences.

Wastewater Treatment Plant Master Plan Program Management Services (CIP 3001) | Napa Sanitation District, Napa, California Provided program management assistance to assist the district with the management and execution of the Wastewater Treatment Plant Master Plan prepared by others for the Soscol Water Recycling Facility, as well as the development of an affordable, cost-effective capital improvement program (CIP) that maximizes the use of existing facilities. Served as an extension of district staff throughout the duration of the project. Helped directed and managed project activities and the work being executed by the district's master plan consultants. Assisted the district in presenting findings and recommendations, as well as obtaining feedback/direction from the district's board of directors.

Advanced Wastewater Treatment Program Management Services | Regional San, Elk Grove, California Provided program management services to assist the district with compliance of their new waste discharge requirements for the 181 mgd Sacramento Regional Wastewater Treatment Plant. The $2 billion program includes road improvements, building location, site preparation, main switchgear expansion, landfill clean closure, biological nutrient removal, carbonaceous oxidation tank conversion, flow equalization basin, filter influent pumping station, filtration complex, disinfection system, return activated sludge pumping, primary effluent pumping station, sidestream treatment, and facility decommissioning. Served as as-needed technical advisor.

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J.B. Neethling, PhD, PE 2

Wastewater Program Management | City and County of Honolulu, Honolulu, Hawaii Provided as-needed wastewater program management for the City and County of Honolulu’s $6 billion court-ordered compliance program, which required Honolulu to eliminate sanitary sewer overflows and upgrade wastewater facilities to full secondary treatment standards. Honolulu handles over 100 mgd of wastewater through a network of 2,100 miles of pipelines (forcemains and gravity sewer system), 70 pumping stations, and nine wastewater treatment plants. Assisted with resolving performance and compliance issues at the wastewater treatment plants until permanent solutions were found. Identified plant improvements and operational changes at the plants.

Wastewater Program Management Environmental Staff Augmentation | City and County of Honolulu, Hawaii Provided as-needed technical and engineering services in support of the wastewater function of the of the city's department of environmental services. The objective is to provide staff augmentation to the city's department of environmental services to assist with the timely and cost-effective engineering, management, and enhancement of wastewater operations, and maintenance and capital improvement programs, as well as assist with ensuring the various tasks and program meet the requirements of the city's consent decrees, administrative orders, and National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permits. Investigated the probable cause of high influent and effluent five-day BOD concentrations at the Sand Island Wastewater Treatment Plant.

Rialto Biosolids Facilities Design-Build | EnerTech Environmental, Inc., Rialto, California Process engineer for design-build services for the world’s first commercial SlurryCarb® facility. This $70 million, 270,000 ton per year facility provides a long-term biosolids recycling plan for five municipalities in the Los Angeles region by converting their biosolids into a renewable solid fuel. The renewable fuel, called eFuel, is being used by local cement kilns as an environmentally-sound alternative to coal. At full capacity, the Rialto SlurryCarb® Facility can produce over 60,000 tons of eFuel per year. Using eFuel instead of fossil fuels prevents the release of additional greenhouse gasses into the atmosphere. Annually, eFuel produced by the Rialto SlurryCarb® Facility will prevent over 80,000 tons of fossil based carbon dioxide from being released into the atmosphere in Southern California.

Wastewater Treatment Plant Master Plan Update | Delta Diablo, Antioch, California Assisted with preparation of an update to the 2004 wastewater treatment plant master plan to identify a phased and cost-effective capital improvement program (CIP) to accommodate planned growth within the district's service area, upgrades to meet regulatory changes, replacement of aging equipment within the wastewater treatment plant to improve reliability, and maximize plant flexibility to accommodate the district's future vision. The project included: (1) update and review of changes in flow and load projections; (2) update of the historical water reuse and projected water reuse demands and its impact on wastewater treatment plant conveyance and outfall capacity requirements, as well as development of projections for peak month and peak day recycled water demands based on historical recycled water flows and district information about future demands; (3) performance testing of secondary clarifiers, which included preparation of stress testing protocol, stress testing, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model update and calibration, and secondary clarifier capacity report preparation; (4) need for modifications/additions to flow equalization and processes and liquid and solids stream processes, as well as its associated costs; (5) need for replacement/modifications/ additions to existing utility systems (service water, drainage, potable water, plant air, etc.) and associated costs; (6) summary of capital improvements and related costs; (7) regulatory changes and costs associated with meeting any new or emerging regulations; (8) reliability and redundancy evaluation; (9) greenhouse gas (GHG) analysis, which included preparation of GHG inventory; and (10) review of both power supply to and power distribution within the 16.5 mgd wastewater treatment plant (including connected loads for the household hazardous waste facility, wastewater treatment plant process, and district office loads), as well as evaluation of additional power supply options (including additional high voltage Pacific Gas & Electric [PG&E] power drop).

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2003 Wastewater Treatment Plant and Conveyance System Master Plan Updates | Delta Diablo, Antioch, California Project manager for update of the 1995 wastewater treatment plant master plan. Update includes: (1) compiling information from the Antioch and Pittsburg collection system master plans and recent treatment plant improvements, evaluations, and studies; (2) assessing changes in the District’s service area characteristics (including flow and load projections); (3) developing a solids balance for the treatment plant that will assist District staff in analyzing current and future process performance trends; (4) forecasting regulatory changes and costs associated with meeting any applicable new or emerging regulations; (5) identifying potential applicable new or emerging technologies; and (6) developing capital improvements projects and timelines to accommodate future service area growth. Improvements identified included equalization and pumping facilities; conveyance pipelines, liquid and solid stream processes, and utility system (service water, drainage, potable water, and plant air). The master plan was presented to the public to gain consensus and input. Also provided quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) for conveyance system master plan update.

Task Order 1 - Capacity Assessment Update | Delta Diablo, Antioch, California Updated the capacity assessment of the wastewater treatment plant based on the improvements to the secondary clarifiers performed by HDR in 2006 and aeration basins also performed by HDR in 2009. The updated capacity assessment report was used to apply for a higher capacity with the San Francisco Bay Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB).

1995 Wastewater Treatment Plant Master Plan | Delta Diablo, Antioch, California Project manager for preparation of the wastewater treatment plant master plan. Performed detailed evaluation of treatment plant processes, stress testing to determine treatment plant performance, and treatment capacity estimate. Key treatment processes include trickling filters and activated sludge for liquid treatment, and thickening, anaerobic digestion, and centrifuge dewatering for solids treatment. A process model was developed using a state-of-the-art dynamic simulation program. Conducted special studies to address coliform violations due to inadequate disinfection, as well as an investigation to improve secondary clarifier performance. The mechanical aerators were also evaluated to determine their oxygen transfer efficiency.

Wastewater Master Plan Update | El Dorado Irrigation District, El Dorado County, California Provided technical input for the 1996 wastewater master plan update that addressed changes in growth projections, effluent discharge requirements, and facility options.

Wastewater Treatment Plant Master Plan | Fairfield-Suisun Sewer District, Fairfield, California Project manager for wastewater treatment plant master plan update. The treatment plant master plan assessed the treatment plant capacity, determined the limiting processes, and identified critical process elements based on flow and load projections. These elements were included in a capital improvements program for future phased expansion. The project included computer-based dynamic process/hydraulic modeling (calibrated by full-scale in-plant stress testing) to simulate plant response to extreme wet weather flow conditions. Three plant models were used to assess the plant performance, including a steady state solids balance model, a detailed hydraulic profile model (also calibrated with in-field testing), and a dynamic process simulation model. The capacity of the trickling filters, aeration system, and secondary clarifiers was determined through field stress testing. Dye tests were performed to determine modal contact time in the chlorine contact basins will also be conducted.

Goleta Wastewater Treatment Plant Upgrade | Goleta Sanitary District, Goleta, California Provided facilities planning and process design of improvements for a $28.6 million upgrade of the 10 mgd wastewater treatment plant from partial secondary blended process to full secondary treatment using a roughing filter/activated sludge process. The roughing filter/activated sludge process includes 130-foot-diameter roughing filters followed by a 1.5 million-gallon (MG) activated sludge basin. Improvements also included conversion of one of the existing solids stabilization ponds into a 3.2 million-gallon (MG) flow equalization basin, new flow


equalization pumping station, two new 80-foot-diameter secondary clarifiers, new solids handling facilities, headworks facility upgrade, new hot water boilers (dual-fuel) and enclosed flare waste gas burner, new 130-foot-diameter trickling filter with 10-foot wall and expansion of the height of the existing tricking filter wall by 2 feet to accommodate 8 feet of media, replacement of the existing activated carbon odor control system for the headworks facility and pumping station with vapor-phase biological odor control, new odor control system for the new dissolved activated flotation tank facility, and a shower and locker room building. Solids handling facilities included a sludge holding tank and dewatering building, two dissolved air flotation tanks to thicken waste activated sludge (WAS) and scum from the existing and new secondary clarifiers, a single solid-bowl centrifuge for dewatering, in-line grinder, polymer system, screw conveyors, storage hopper, and new sludge harvester. Belt press, centrifuge, screw press, and solids co-thickening alternatives were evaluated during predesign. Headworks facility upgrade included replacement of two existing mechanical screens with 1/4-inch opening mechanical screens, screenings conveyor system, and two screening washer/compactors. Natural gas is available in the event digester gas production is compromised due to biological or mechanical problems.

Master Plans for Michelson and Los Alisos Water Reclamation Plants | Irvine Ranch Water District, Irvine and Lake Forest, California Process engineer for preparation of a 20-year master plan that identifies proposed improvements to expand the 18 mgd Michelson Water Reclamation Plant to 33 mgd and the 5.5 mgd Los Alisos Water Reclamation Plant to 7.5 mgd to meet wastewater treatment and water reclamation demands. BioLac process was evaluated for the Los Alisos plant. Key issues involved the integration of the treatment and reclaimed water distribution facilities, potential addition of satellite plants, anticipation of future water quality requirements for reuse and ocean discharge practices, and timing of capacity expansions to meet reclaimed water demand. Preliminary designs were prepared for the expansion of both plants.

Hangtown Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant Master Plan | City of Placerville, California Completed a facility plan to increase the Hangtown Wastewater Treatment Plant capacity to 3 mgd using phased expansions. Addressed ways to improve the performance of secondary clarifiers and disinfection system to accommodate peak flows at six times the design flow. Studied alternatives for solids treatment, including sludge stabilization, dewatering, and disposal.

Sunnyvale Master Plan and Primary Renovations | City of Sunnyvale, California Provided master planning for primary treatment renovation improvements for the city's 14 mgd water pollution control plant. Treatment processes were evaluated. Preliminary treatment alternatives included conventional bar screens versus micro-screens, redundancy considerations for storm flows, and alternatives for rag removal and processing. Primary treatment alternatives included chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT), potential for co-thickening and implications on solids thickening processes, and grit removal options. Secondary treatment alternatives included variations of activated sludge process, such as biological nutrient removal (BNR), activated sludge and tricking filters, utilization of FGR, evaluation of wetlands for polishing, potential for converting the existing AFTs to clarifiers or thickening process for solids, co-thickening of activated sludge with primary sludge and implications on digester operations, configuration of aeration tanks for BNR/activated sludge process, potential for use of membrane bioreactor (MBR) to meet recycle water goals, aeration system needs for various alternatives, control systems concepts for various alternatives, sludge withdrawal systems and influent flow options for flexibility in various modes of operations to enable step feed and internal recycle, and Norcardia/foam control options. Filtration alternatives included dual media, membrane, micro filtration, and potential for reverse osmosis for recycled water production. Disinfection alternatives included modifications to future hypo-chlorite and bi-sulfite systems, potential for ultraviolet (UV) system addition, ability to meet future California Energy Commission (CEC) regulation, and disinfection bi-products elimination. Solids thickening alternatives included gravity thickeners and dissolved air flotation (DAF). Solids dewatering alternatives included centrifuges and belt filter presses. Gas management systems alternatives included integration of the digester and landfill gas, treatment systems required, provision for gas storage and reliability mechanisms, location/integration of existing gas flares, and gas blending systems.


Facility Plan for New Wastewater Treatment Facilities at Tracy Gateway Office Park | Tracy Gateway LLC, Tracy, California Provided technical input for preparation of facility plan for a new 0.71 mgd advanced wastewater treatment facility for the Tracy Gateway office park. The wastewater treatment facility is enclosed in an 8,800-square-foot building on a one-acre site, and will include membrane bioreactor (MBR), blowers, aerobic digester, solids dewatering system, a laboratory, electrical room, and storage/maintenance area. The MBR process consists of two 80,000-gallon (160,000-gallon total) concrete basins with vertical walls, a minimum side water depth of 16 feet, and anoxic and aerobic zones. Project also includes headworks system with mechanical screen, washer and compactor, influent pumping station with concrete wetwell and submersible pumps, ultraviolet (UV) disinfection facilities, recycled water pumping station, 1.4 million-gallon effluent storage tank, diesel engine standby generator, 710,000-gallon emergency storage tank, compost bed for odor control, and recycled water system. The new facility will produce effluent that will comply with the Title 22 reclamation standards for golf course and landscape irrigation.

Las Vegas Water Pollution Control Facility Plan | City of Las Vegas, Nevada Process engineer for preparation of the facility plan to expand the water pollution control facility from 66 mgd to 91 mgd to meet ammonia and phosphorus standards. Selected alternative for future expansion incorporates biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal into the existing trickling filter and activated sludge plant. Effluent filtration is provided to achieve low (<0.27 mg P/L) phosphorus concentrations. Prepared preliminary process design of liquid and solid stream for new headworks (screen and grit removal), primary clarifiers, biological nutrient removal (BNR), secondary clarifiers, selector, and anaerobic digestion.

Robert W. Hite Treatment Facility Plan | Metro Wastewater Reclamation District, Denver, Colorado Process engineer for preparation of a district-wide planning document describing the necessary liquid stream and solids treatment process improvements needed to meet the planning and regulatory drivers from 2015 through 2035. The district was faced with meeting total inorganic nitrogen limit of 8 mg/L and total phosphorus limit of less than 0.1 mg/L.

Wastewater Treatment Plant Master Plan | St. Vrain Sanitation District, Firestone, Colorado Developed a master plan that provides a roadmap for a two-phase expansion of the 6 mgd wastewater treatment plant. Liquid stream processes and hydraulic capacity were evaluated for the influent pumping station, headworks, oxidation ditches, secondary clarifiers, and ultraviolet (UV) disinfection. An optimization/plant capacity study was conducted to identify bottlenecks and problems needing resolution. Potential new technologies pertaining to dewatering return flow treatment were evaluated. BioWin process model, hydraulic model, and solids mass balance were developed. Blower system (HSI/Atlas centralized single header) were evaluated to determine if repurposing of units were needed. The solids handling capacity of facility was evaluated, which included including autothermal thermophilic aerobic digestion (ATAD) biosolids processing, waste activated sludge (WAS) thickening, biosolids dewatering, and loadout. Biosolids optimization processes that have the potential to improve operations were evaluated. A solids mass balance was developed, and expansion and improvements necessary to meet the need of growth and Class A versus B biosolids were identified. The blower system was evaluated to determine if separate ATAD blowers should be added and how to incorporate. Also provided technical expertise engineering services (preliminary design level) for resolving issues associated with a number of process issues. Preliminary design level evaluations and recommendations included: (1) expanding the ATAD system, specifically whether the city should continue with Class A biosolids or move to Class B, and evaluation of other digestion options, including anaerobic and capacity; (2) determining high volume pressing processes for ATAD sludge; (3) evaluating how to add on to the chemical room, expand solids load out garage, and construct a tank for pressate; (3) evaluating conversion of solids load out to chemical room and total phosphorus removal room.; (4) evaluating lowering WAS tank air header to increase tank aeration capacity; (5) evaluating total phosphorus removal options (chemical phosphorus removal vs. biological phosphorus); (6) determining the most effective chemical program for the plant, in particular ATAD solids dewatering, and evaluating return flow piping; (7) evaluating options for total inorganic nitrogen removal;


(8) evaluating impacts of selenium and temperature regulations in 2027 and options for meeting the limits; (9) evaluating ammonia probe integration with process control; (10) evaluating using a different air delivery system in the existing oxidation ditches, flow velocity increase in ditches, and location of motive pumps; (11) determining if and when primary clarifiers would be appropriate for plant operations; (12) evaluating options to minimize proprietary programing associated with equipment packages; (13) investigating how to eliminate the two yard push hoppers in headworks and installing a roll off or conveyor; (14) evaluating moving the headworks MAU to the south side of headworks, which requires moving gas and electric or determine method to stop intake filter freeze up; (15) investigating solutions to scum beach freezing; (16) evaluating the blower inlet structure to prevent filters from frosting up in cold weather; (17) determining options for how to keep birds from clarifiers and building eves; (18) evaluating options for demolition of existing site (old headworks, wet-well, old clarifier inner wipe and return header and old outfall); and (19) evaluating building heights and using more foot print space instead of deep basements and high roofs. Alternatives were evaluated based on monetary and non-monetary criteria. A preliminary design/layout considering proven innovation, creativity, existing site conditions, and the most cost-effective and feasible alternative for meeting and/or exceeding limits established in the most recent permit and future regulations was developed. A capital improvements schedule that projects required treatment plant upgrades and are tied to operational needs, permitting, and capacity due to growth was provided. Planning-level costs for recommended treatment plant improvements and solids handling were also provided. The planning-level cost estimates included capital construction costs, land acquisition costs, engineering and administration costs, O&M costs, and construction contingency estimates.

2019 Wastewater Treatment Facility Plan | City of Coeur D'Alene, Idaho Prepared a comprehensive facility plan for the 5 mgd water pollution control facility that identifies a long-term master plan for ultimate expansion of the facilities, while identifying a program for immediate upgrade of the plant for permit compliance and to meet near-term capacity requirements. The project included: (1) a condition assessment of major process equipment in the liquid and solids treatment systems, and major electrical and control system equipment; (2) identification of water quality and regulatory requirements driving treatment, effluent management, and biosolids management decisions; (3) update of the wastewater treatment plant site master plan to reflect updated considerations of liquid stream treatment processes and additional solids processing capacity adequate for future loadings; and (4) environmental assessment update.

Coeur d’Alene Wastewater Facility Plan and 4B/4C Wastewater Treatment Plant Expansion | City of Coeur d’Alene, Idaho Prepared a facility plan for the 6 mgd wastewater treatment plant and Julia Street compost facility, which identified upgrade and expansion improvements and resource requirements required to assure permit compliance and capacity requirements for 15 years. Processes evaluated include influent pumping and screening (includes headworks), grit removal, primary treatment, secondary treatment, disinfection/dechlorination (upgrade of chlorine contact basins), outfall and effluent pumping, sludge thickening, sludge digestion, sludge storage, sludge dewatering, and sludge composting. Secondary treatment processes evaluated included trickling filter, activated sludge aeration basin, solids contact, biological aerated filter (BAF), nitrification, and biological nutrient removal (BNR). Integrated fixed film activated sludge alternative was evaluated. Modeling was performed using BioWin. Also conducted full-scale stress test of facilities to determine nitrification capacity of trickling filter/activated sludge process. Also provided process design for Phase 4B and 4C expansion of the wastewater treatment plant. A new integrated fixed film activated sludge system was subsequently constructed.

Wastewater Facility Plan Update 2013 | City of Pocatello, Idaho The City of Pocatello’s new NPDES permit implements a phosphorus TMDL for the Portneuf River. Assisted with update of the city's facility plan and determined the most cost-effective alternative to comply with the new low-level phosphorus limit by optimizing and enhancing existing facilities and providing a comprehensive review of other liquids treatment, sidestream treatment, and biosolids alternatives.


Ames Water Pollution Control Facility Long-Term Facility Plan | City of Ames, Iowa Assisted with development of a long-range facility plan that provides a roadmap to the future that guides ongoing repair and replacement, addresses wet weather flow capacity needs, prepares for future ammonia and nutrient standards, and enables long-term rate/revenue planning, while reflecting input from front line operations and maintenance staff. Developed and evaluated nutrient alternatives. Most notable improvements include future construction of a simultaneous nitrification-denitrification activated sludge system, expansion of the flow equalization basin, new mechanical screens and incorporation of a screenings washing, and compaction system. The facility plan identified the potential to increase the hydraulic capacity from 20.4 mgd to 25 mgd with only minor modifications.

Myron K Nelson Complex Wastewater Treatment Facility Improvements Facility Plan | Johnson County Wastewater, Shawnee Mission, Kansas Prepared a facility plan for the 8 mgd Myron K Nelson Complex Wastewater Treatment Facility. Identified and evaluated alternative dry weather treatment processes through net present value and triple bottom line analysis and recommended the preferred process. Determined whether auxiliary wet weather treatment at Nelson Complex is technically feasible and up to what capacity, and evaluated alternatives and select the preferred auxiliary treatment process. Identified the full plant unit processes and support facilities recommended for future dry weather and wet weather conditions, taking into account reuse of existing facilities where feasible. Developed process models to evaluate sizing and performance of the main process components for each of the retained combined dry/wet weather alternatives. Checked the hydraulic profile of treatment alternatives to determine if intermediate pumping is required. Developed conceptual designs and cost estimates for dry weather and wet weather (including combined dry/wet weather) treatment process alternatives, and mechanical components of the conveyance system (i.e., pumping stations and peak excess flow treatment facilities). Developed a site plan and sequencing plan for constructing the plant improvements without interruption of service.

$27 Million Grand Glaize Wastewater Treatment Plant Expansion and Upgrade | Metropolitan St. Louis Sewer District, St. Louis, Missouri Provided facility planning, and served as process engineer during predesign, final design, and startup of $27 million in improvements to expand the 16 mgd Grand Glaize Wastewater Treatment Plant to meet future flows and loads for the next 20 years as well as nitrification requirements. Processes and facilities that were evaluated included bar screens, influent pumping, fine screens, grit tanks, flow equalization lagoon, aeration, secondary clarifiers, return activated sludge (RAS) pumping, waste activated sludge (WAS) pumping, chlorination, chlorine contact basin, dechlorination, gravity sludge thickeners, sludge holding tanks, and dewatering belt filter press. Upgrade and expansion alternatives that were evaluated included: (1) continuing with the present process and increasing the total oxidation ditch volume; (2) adding primary clarifiers to the existing process; (3) implementing a hybrid system in the oxidation ditches; (4) adding a nitrifying biological aerated filter (BAF) to the process; and (5) operating the oxidation ditches in aeration/re-aeration mode. Hydraulic modeling was performed of the facility, and a biological treatment model was developed using BIOWin to determine the actual plant capacity. Stress testing was performed on the secondary clarifiers to identify any bottlenecks and improve its performance. As part of the project, investigated the foaming problem in the activated sludge system and the impact of cold weather on nitrification efficiency. Chlorination, anoxic zone/selection basins, and process modification alternatives were evaluated to address the foaming problem. A new fixed film reactor system was subsequently designed.

Wastewater Treatment Plant Master Plan | Greenville Utilities Commission, Greenville, North Carolina Process engineer for development of a comprehensive strategic plan that integrates wastewater treatment and operations. Key elements of this project included: wastewater treatment facilities process operations and operational efficiencies evaluation; asset management study and plan; future regulatory scenarios analysis; wastewater quality improvement analysis; energy efficiency analysis; wastewater treatment facilities expansion


alternatives; phased capital improvement program (CIP) with clear project justifications descriptions and cost impacts; and comprehensive strategic plan.

2012 Billings Wastewater Treatment Facility Plan | City of Billings, Montana Assisted with update of the wastewater treatment facility plan to address Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDL) requirements and anticipated discharge permit changes related to treatment and discharge to the Yellowstone River. Future plans for the wastewater treatment plant are based on control of nitrogen (and ammonia), phosphorus, and metals. Billings will likely get a variance from low instream nutrient standards and would be allowed to only treat its effluent to 10 mg/L total nitrogen and 1 mg/L total phosphorus until 2016, which means significant improvements to the facility are needed. Future limits will likely include lower nutrient targets.

Farmington Wastewater Treatment Plant Expansion | City of Farmington, New Mexico Performed facilities planning and predesign/final design for expansion of the wastewater treatment plant from 5 mgd to 6.5 mgd. Conducted extensive evaluation of treatment alternatives to provide biological nutrient removal (BNR), including site visits to operating facilities and a comparison of capital and operating effort for the alternatives. Technologies that were evaluated during predesign included oxidation ditch, Schreiber Simultech; sequencing batch reactor (SBR), and medium rate activated sludge (MRAS). The MRAS process was selected based on lower capital cost, lower energy requirement, greater flexibility of operation for nutrient removal, lower hydraulic operational requirements, and greater flexibility for expansion. Phase I improvements ($2.5 million) included a new headworks facility with influent pumping station, screenings removal, composite samplers, aerated grit removal units and grit washer, flow splitter, and odor control. Phase II improvements ($9 million) included the rehabilitation primary clarifiers, sludge drying beds (Hard Bottomed), and digester, as well as the addition of the MRAS basin and final clarifier, piping, stormwater recycle pumping station and pond, blower/return activated sludge(RAS)/waste activated sludge (WAS) building, road, and landscaping improvements. The new activated sludge system is designed for nitrification and denitrification using an aeration controlled on-off system, and has a selector at the head end. The MRAS process takes advantage of the high biological treatment ratios achievable under a higher loading rate. This technology refers to a treatment process where the activated sludge process is operated to achieve both nitrification and denitrification in a single continuous flow aeration basin. The MRAS process relies on operational control to create aerobic and anoxic conditions in the aeration basin by turning the aeration system on and off during various periods of the day. The entire MRAS process can be automated and optimized for plant performance by adjusting the air on and air off cycle times and monitoring dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH, oxidation reduction potential (ORP), or ammonia and nitrate concentrations.

Muddy Creek Wastewater Master Plan and Aeration Retrofits | City of Winston-Salem, North Carolina Process engineer and quality control reviewer for wastewater master plan and design of improvements to convert the coarse bubble diffusers in the Activated Sludge Basins 1, 2, and 3 at 21 mgd Muddy Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant to fine bubble diffusers. Improvements included nitrification and denitrification to reduce blower requirements and reduce operating costs, and new aeration system to allow conversion to potential future requirements for phosphorus removal. Design accommodates either chemical or biological phosphorus removal options.

Durham Advanced Wastewater Treatment Plant Facility Plan | Clean Water Services, Tigard, Oregon As part of the wastewater treatment plant master plan, performed process design of new biological phosphorus removal facility, solids balance, and upgrading of existing facilities for the Durham plant. Process is to achieve an effluent phosphorus concentration of 0.07 mg/L, the strictest limit in U.S. Liquid process includes activated sludge with biological nutrient removal (BNR), nutrient removal, secondary sedimentation, and effluent filtration; disinfection; and chemical (alum and lime) feed systems. The BNR process is designed to operate in A2O or UCT modes. In winter, the process is operated for BOD removal only in plug flow, complete mixed, or step-feed modes. Solids treatment includes anaerobic digestion (using honeycomb-style layout to minimize cost) and centrifuge dewatering. Conducted a full-scale study to determine if conversion of thickeners to fermenters would


generate enough volatile fatty acids (VFAs) to support biological phosphorus removal in the aeration basins. Optimized biological phosphorus removal process to eliminate chemical addition.

Peer Review of Spring Street Sewage Treatment Plant Facilities Plan | City of Klamath Falls, Oregon Conducted a peer review of the draft facility plan prepared by the city for the Spring Street Sewage Treatment Plant. Determined if the alternatives identified are inclusive of potential options available to the city for improvements, that options considered adequately address a range of potential future water quality parameters, and that the options recommended provide the best cost/benefit to achieve needed plant improvements to meet water quality requirements. In addition to treatment alternatives, the facility plan included a section on management of biogas at the facility. A pee review was also conducted on that management plan to determine if biogas management alternatives adequately include a sufficient range of alternatives and that the recommended approach to biogas management is achieved at the best cost/benefit

Brookings Wastewater Treatment Plant Improvements | Brookings Municipal Utilities, Brookings, South Dakota Provided process analysis and design support for upgrade of the 6 mgd wastewater treatment plant. Improvements included influent screw pumps, mechanical bar screens, primary clarifiers, sludge pumping station, conversion of final clarifier to activated sludge basin with fine bubble diffusers, rehabilitation of three circular clarifiers, gravity filter upgrade with disc-type cloth media filters, ultraviolet (UV) disinfection system and building, retrofit of anaerobic digesters with new mixing system, new equalization basin, and new submersible consolidated and equalization pumping station.

Broken Arrow Wastewater Master Plan | Broken Arrow Municipal Authority, Broken Arrow, Texas Process engineer for evaluation of the wastewater treatment capacity and future improvements, and development of a final master plan report which includes a 5-year and 20-year capital improvements program.

South Regional Wastewater Treatment Facilities Master Plan | Texarkana Water Utilities, Texarkana, Texas Provided process modeling for the wastewater facilities master plan, which identifies cost estimates and improvements needed to meet capacity and performance goals. Future wastewater flows were estimated, and the processes and the plant components were evaluated as wells as the physical and mechanical condition of these facilities to determine what updates were required. Items included grit removal facilities, bar screens, screenings handling facilities, and the change from chlorination/de-chlorination to ultraviolet (UV) disinfection.

Peshastin and Dryden Wastewater Facility Plan | Chelan County Public Utility District, Wenatchee, Washington In a workshop format, provided input into the treatment, effluent management, and solids handling alternatives and recommendations identified in the Peshastin and Dryden Wastewater Facility Plan prepared by the district. Treatment alternatives that were evaluated included combined treatment for both plants and modifications to Peshastin's facility to allow for biological nutrient removal (BNR).

Hoquiam Wastewater Facility Plan | City of Hoquiam, Washington Process engineer for preparation of wastewater facility plan. Treatment process that were evaluated included secondary treatment (cyclic aeration, conventional activated sludge, oxidation ditch, and membrane bioreactors [MBRs] for replacement of the oversized oxidation ditch), disinfection (ultraviolet [UV] and bulk hypochlorite to replace the gas chlorine system), and solids handling (aerobic digestion, lime stabilization, and composting to replace the current lagoon storage and periodic removal operation).


Mount Vernon Wastewater Treatment Plant Diffuser Improvements and Facilities Plan | City of Mount Vernon, Washington Process analysis and design of diffuser improvements at the 4 mgd wastewater treatment plant to reduce energy costs. Improvements included replacement of the coarse bubble diffusers with fine bubble diffusers. Determine process options for meeting ammonia limits with nitrification and biological nutrient removal (BNR) process. Evaluated management scenarios and process options to manage high peak flows during winter. Blending with ballasted flocculation proved most cost-effective to mitigate sewer overflows and high flow treatment requirements. As part of the facility planning effort, dissolved air flotation thickener (DAFT), lime stabilization, digesters, and membrane bioreactor (MBR) costs were evaluated. Also provided on-call general wastewater treatment facility engineering and consulting services for routine and emergency projects. Project also included peak flow management options through treatment plant using step feed and in basin settling strategies.

Yakima Wastewater Treatment Plant Facility Plan Update | City of Yakima, Washington Evaluated treatment plant capacity for an existing trickling filter/activated sludge wastewater treatment plant based on past operating experience and a previous aeration system study.

Water Reclamation Facility Expansion | City of Barstow, California Provided quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) for process predesign of improvements to bring the water reclamation facility into compliance with new effluent discharge requirements that may limit total nitrogen effluent concentrations to 5.0 milligrams per liter (mg/L) or less. Evaluated existing liquid and solids treatment processes, and summarized findings. Treatment processes that were evaluated included: (1) conventional activated sludge, designed to operate in the nitrification-denitrification mode followed by filtration; and (2) membrane bioreactor (MBR). Solid treatment process evaluation included solids dewatering followed by incineration. The solids treatment backup process consisted of sludge dewatering followed by sludge drying beds for off-site composting.

$32 Million New Wastewater Treatment Plant | City of Healdsburg, California Provided process engineering services during predesign, design, and startup of a new 1.4 mgd average dry weather flow (ADWF) and 7.0 mgd peak hour (with flow equalization) wastewater treatment plant, which uses an activated sludge process, followed by membrane bioreactor (MBR) process for filtration. Improvements include the following: (1) headworks facility consisting of coarse (¼-inch) and fine (1 mm) screens, grit removal, flow measurement, equalization basin diversion structure, and odor control; (2) biological treatment facility that includes aeration basins, aerobic digesters, anoxic zones, membrane immersion tanks, splitter boxes, odor control, walk-on aluminum covers, and pre-engineered metal building that is opened on two sides; (3) MBR facility with pumps, chemical equipment, and other control equipment; (4) operations building (masonry) containing the control room, laboratory, locker room(s), and employee break room; (5) ultraviolet (UV) disinfection for final effluent disinfection; (6) sludge storage and handling, which utilizes the Cannibal® process to reduce the overall quantity of solids handling requirements at the wastewater treatment plant; (7) effluent storage pond lined with a geo-membrane (synthetic) liner, as well as a reclaimed water pumping station adjacent to this pond; and (8) conversion of the existing treatment ponds to influent flow equalization storage. The solids handling system includes a solids storage tank (aerobic digester), fine screens, and final sludge dewatering device housed within a masonry building. The dewatering device and controls are housed in a masonry building. The existing ponds were dried and cleaned after the wastewater treatment plant was constructed, and an impermeable liner was installed in these ponds.

$32 Million Healdsburg Wastewater Treatment Plant Upgrade | City of Healdsburg, California Evaluated treatment plant upgrade and wastewater storage and disposal alternatives that would redirect plant effluent to the Syar Phase V Pond, which was excavated for a new terrace mining operation, to eliminate the threat of discharging treated effluent to the Russian River during extreme flood events. Treatment plant upgrade alternatives evaluated included improving secondary facilities (with nitrification and possibly denitrification),


conventional advanced treatment technologies (aeration, sedimentation, coagulation, and porous media filtration), and advanced treatment utilizing membrane filtration (includes membrane bioreactor {MBR} system). Disposal alternatives evaluated included seasonal discharge to the Russian River; agricultural irrigation; irrigation of public parks, schools, golf course, and other areas within the city limits; participation in the City of Santa Rosa’s Geysers Pipeline project; and discharge to percolation ponds. MBR process was selected for the new wastewater treatment plant. Also provided quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) for the preliminary basis of design for the new wastewater treatment plant with regard to influent flows and pollutant loads, treatment alternatives, and construction and operation and maintenance (O&M) costs.

$88 Million Phase 2 Michelson Water Reclamation Plant Expansion | Irvine Ranch Water District, Irvine, California Provided plant-wide process engineering services during design of $88 million in Phase 2 capacity expansion improvements to the Michelson Water Reclamation Plant to handle projected flows in the year 2025, which are projected to vary from 23 to 33 mgd. Improvements include influent sewers, headworks, primary sedimentation tanks, primary effluent flow control, activated sludge modifications, membrane bioreactor (MBR) facility, high-rate clarifier, effluent filtration, disinfection, reclaimed water pumping, chemical feed systems, sludge fermentation and thickening, electrical power supply, instrumentation and control, and stormwater management.

Nutrient Removal and Wet Weather Flow Management Upgrade and Expansion – City of San Mateo, California Lead process engineer for schematic design and final design services for improvements to the San Mateo/Estero Municipal Improvement District (EMID) Wastewater Treatment Plant, which included: (1) realignment and extensions of on-site influent sewer forcemains with flow metering to a new headworks facility; (2) new headworks facilities; (3) tree new circular, covered dual use clarifiers with primary sludge pumps, scum removal, scum pumps, and return pumps during BioCET operation; (4) influent flow equalization basin (convert existing aeration basins) and equalization pumping station; (5) one dual use contact tank for use as a return activated sludge (RAS) deoxygenation (DeOx) tank during normal mode operation and as a biological contact tank as part of the biological and chemically enhanced treatment (BioCET) process during wet weather mode operation along with associated mixers, aeration, blowers and pumps; (6) chemical storage and feed facility for ferric chloride, alum (if required), carbon, polymer, sodium hypochlorite, and citric acid; (7) biological nutrient removal (BNR) and membrane bioreactor (MBR) treatment facilities, mechanical/electrical building (pumps and blowers), with associated piping; (8) pre-selection and pre-negotiations for membrane equipment, including membranes, fine screens, and blowers; (9) select improvements to the existing chlorination and dechlorination facility; (10) below-grade tunnel system where some process equipment are located and where process piping between facilities are located; (11) new two-story 15,000-square-foot administration and treatment plant control building, which include a control room, laboratory, conference room, offices, locker rooms, and restrooms; (12) odor control for new headworks, dual use clarifiers, and on-site equalization basin (converted existing aeration basins); (13) HVAC and plumbing for new facilities; (14) electrical and standby power; (15) instrumentation and control; (16) information technology (IT)/telecommunications technology for the site; (17) site paving and grading modifications; (18) site improvements to meet City flood protection requirements; (19) security system for the site; (20) site utilities (potable water, non-potable water, stormwater, and fire protection); (21) landscape design; and (22) project permitting. Headworks facility includes: (1) an influent junction box/channel; (2) preliminary screens with sluiceway, and screenings washing and compacting equipment: (3) aerated grit removal tanks with grit pumps, blowers, and grit washing and dewatering equipment; (4) fine screens with sluiceway, and screenings washing and compacting equipment; (5) screening and grit handling building; and (6) electrical building. The project was delivered using a Construction Manager at Risk (CMAR) delivery method.

Secondary Treatment Facilities Conceptual Planning | City of San Mateo, California Process engineer for conceptual planning services for a new membrane bioreactor (MBR) system for the 15.7 mgd wastewater treatment plant.


Sutter Creek Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) Treatment Facility | City of Sutter Creek, California The City of Sutter Creek, City of Jackson, Amador Water Agency, and City of Amador City is interesting in constructing a new regional activated sludge wastewater treatment plant, which may include a headworks facility, MBR facility, operations building, disinfection, effluent storage pond, reclaimed water pumping station, influent flow equalization, solids processing (digestion, Cannibal), and solids dewatering. The wastewater treatment plant will be automated to allow for reduced attendance by operations and maintenance (O&M) staff. Provided process design support during the predesign phase of the project, which included: (1) updating the estimated capacity of the existing wastewater treatment plant based on the additional influent wastewater characteristics (BOD and suspended solids concentrations and flows); (2) meeting with City of Sutter Creek and Amador Water Agency officials to establish the probable growth in development, by year, through 2012; (3) estimating the wastewater flows, by year, based on the development projections; (4) evaluating up to three alternative treatment facilities to handle the flow in excess of the capacity of the existing treatment plant; (5) preparing an opinion of construction cost of the preferred treatment alternative; and (6) preparing a predesign report summarizing the proposed recommendations.

$102 Million Phase III Regional Wastewater Treatment Plant Expansion | Victor Valley Wastewater Reclamation Authority, Victorville, California Provided process design during expansion of the West Regional Water Reclamation Plant from 22 to 44 mgd, which includes a new UV disinfection to achieve safe disinfection without the creation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs), retrofit of the traveling bridge filter with the use of cloth filtration to increase capacity, sodium hypochlorite storage and feed system for the recycled water force main and distribution system to prevent bacterial re-growth, digester gas treatment system at the existing digesters to remove hydrogen sulfide/organic sulfur compounds/siloxanes, a ferric chloride storage and feed system for control of hydrogen sulfide production in the digesters, relocation of the effluent quality monitoring station to a new building part of the UV system, replacement of pipe skimmers in the eight primary clarifiers with helical skimmers, and refurbishment of primary clarifiers 1 through 4 replacing chain and flight systems and repairing concrete and recoating tanks.

Coyote Springs Wastewater Treatment Facilities Design-Build | Pardee Homes, Clark County, Nevada Assisted with development of a facility plan and process design of two wastewater treatment facilities serving the first phase of the Coyote Springs development, which consisted of a 6,200-acre residential community with up to 20,000 dwelling units. The first wastewater treatment facility was designed to be temporary with a capacity of 0.10 mgd. The second is a permanent facility with an initial capacity of 2.1 mgd, and includes coarse screens, influent pumping, grit removal, fine screens, screenings and grit washing, flow equalization, nitrification/denitrification activated sludge, membrane bioreactors (MBRs), disinfection with sodium hypochlorite, and sludge dewatering with belt filter presses. One hundred percent of the effluent is reused on up to 15 golf courses and open space.

Beaver Ruin and Jackson Creek Water Reclamation Facilities | Gwinnett County, Lawrenceville, Georgia Provided facility planning and process design of improvements to meet the lower phosphorus limit identified in the discharge permit of 0.13 mg/L for each facility. Evaluated biological nutrient removal (BNR), enhanced biological phosphorus removal, ballasted flocculation, deep bed filters, and membrane bioreactors (MBR) processes. Recommended an activated sludge facility with enhanced biological phosphorus removal, followed by deep bed filters prior to ultraviolet (UV) disinfection of final effluent for the 25 mgd (ultimate) Jackson Creek Water Reclamation Facility and the 20 mgd Beaver Ruin Water Reclamation Facility. Facilities designed included headworks, pumping stations, tertiary filters, and new chemical feed facilities to enhance the treatment capabilities of the plants’ current design capacity.


Bitterroot Resort Wastewater Management Feasibility Study and Preliminary Water Balance | Bitterroot Resort, Lolo, Montana Conducted preliminary evaluation of the wastewater treatment and disposal options for the proposed Bitterroot Resort., which included membrane bioreactor (MBR) and sequencing batch reactor (SBR) technology in conjunction with water reuse and groundwater infiltration.

Flatiron Ranch Wastewater Management Feasibility Study | Shiloh Development, Hamilton, Montana Conducted a preliminary evaluation of the options for wastewater treatment and disposal alternatives for the proposed Flatiron Ranch Development, which included membrane bioreactor (MBR) and sequencing batch reactor (SBR) technology in conjunction with water reuse and groundwater infiltration.

$10 Million Advanced Wastewater Treatment Plant Expansion | City of Kalispell, Montana Provided process design of $10 million in improvements to expand the advanced wastewater treatment plant to 5.4 mgd, which included influent pumping facility, headworks, membrane bioreactors (MBRs), blower facilities, secondary clarification, ultraviolet (UV) disinfection, solids handling, and odor control. Key project elements include installation of fine screening and grit washing equipment, conversion of the existing modified University of Cape Town (MUCT) process to a modified Johannesburg process, conversion from two-stage fermentation to single stage fermentation, and installation of a compost filter bed odor control system. Facility achieves nitrogen and nutrient removal. Nitrogen effluent is 10 mg N/L.

Kalispell Advanced Wastewater Treatment Plant Optimization Study | City of Kalispell, Montana Assisted with development of a facility optimization study for the Kalispell Advanced Wastewater Treatment Plant based on the requirements of Montana Department of Environmental Quality Circular DEQ 12-B and the city's Montana Pollutant Discharge Elimination system (MPDES) permit. The City of Kalispell is one of the first municipalities in Montana to receive a general variance and as such is one of the first to perform an optimization study under Circular DEQ-12B. The optimization study evaluated current operations to reduce the discharge of nutrients from the facility, and consider nutrient trading.

Boerne Wastewater Treatment and Recycling Center | City of Boerne, Texas Assisted with facility planning and process design of a new 1.4 mgd wastewater treatment recycling center. Led process evaluation of treatment process alternatives. Completed process and mass balance models to evaluate several activated sludge alternatives, including anaerobic/aerobic (A/O) process, anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A2/O) process, membrane bioreactors (MBR), sequencing batch reactors (SBRs), and activated sludge system with chemical phosphorus removal. Developed influent basis of design and process sizing for alternatives and provided process support to design team for design of selected A2/O process. The selected alternative includes influent pumping station, headworks (with screens and grit removal), primary clarifiers, secondary treatment facilities, tertiary treatment facilities, disinfection, solids handling facilities, and reuse facilities.

Southside Wastewater Treatment Plant Phase IV Expansion | Dallas Water Utilities, Dallas, Texas Process engineer for preparation of the predesign report that identified improvements to expand the 110 mgd Southside Wastewater Treatment Plant to 140 mgd (420 mgd peak). Alternatives evaluated included: (1) using the current Modified Ludzack Ettinger (MLE) process configuration; (2) using step-feed plug flow activated sludge system; (3) implementing a hybrid integrated-fixed film activated sludge (IFAS) system in the existing aeration tank; (4) using the cyclic aeration system; (5) and using membrane biological reactor (MBR).

$53.7 Million Lubbock Northwest Water Reclamation Plant | City of Lubbock, Texas Process design of $53.7 million in improvements to the wastewater treatment plant. Evaluated treatment alternatives for nutrient removal and recommended the most appropriate processes for further investigation and modeling. Three processes were recommended for future modeling efforts: the A2/O Process with backup chemical P removal for Level 1 protection; the VIP process for Level 2 protection; and the 5-stage Bardenpho MBR process for Level 3 protection. Improvements are currently being constructed and include closed loop


biological reactor basins; flat sheet MBR system with a building, UV disinfection, raw wastewater pumping station, preliminary treatment unit with adjacent electrical building, equalization and peak flow storage basin, return activated sludge (RAS) pumping station, gallery building, post aeration and effluent flow measurement, plant water pumping station with hydroneumatic tank, mechanical building, odor control facilities, main electrical building with adjacent transformers and backup power generators, and piping.

$6 Million Concrete Wastewater Treatment Plant Improvements | Town of Concrete, Washington Provided quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) for process design of a new 240,000 gpd wastewater treatment plant capable of producing a very high quality effluent and meeting permit requirements. Various membrane bioreactor (MBR) treatment processes were considered. Pretreatment system includes a micro-strainer unit, a grit collector, and soda ash addition. The MBR process provides for complete Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) removal and ammonia reduction to less than 1 mg/L. The chlorination system was replaced with ultraviolet (UV) contactors for disinfection. Treated effluent meets Class A reclaimed water standards.

As-Needed Technical Advisor Services for Plant Optimization for Ammonia Removal | Central Contra Costa Sanitary District, Martinez, California Provided as-needed technical advisor services for the operations department, which included: (1) review of solids handling and cogeneration technical memorandums to determine if the analysis methodology is consistent with best practices, if the equipment proposed is state-of-the-art, and if the cost assumptions, conclusions, and recommendations are reasonable; (2) technical review of facility plan element 1, plant optimization for ammonia removal, to provide input during workshops with other consultants and internal meetings on potential ammonia removal strategies; and(3) technical review and input of innovative (bleeding-edge) nutrient removal technologies that the district should consider in their research, which included providing input regarding nutrient removal pilot studies and treatment plant locations that the district should visit, and reviewing and providing comments on draft technical memorandums summarizing the district’s research into bleeding-edge nutrient removal technologies.

Phase 2 Ammonia Study, Treatment Cost Evaluation | Regional San, Elk Grove, California Project manager for an ammonia removal study in the case Regional San transition to ammonia removal. The evaluation screened over 15 technologies down to six viable technologies that could be implemented to reduce selected effluent ammonia percentages (15, 50, and 85+ percent). Estimated total project costs, operations and maintenance (O&M) costs, and the total present worth costs were performed for the modified or new facilities to meet the targeted ammonia reductions. The present worth costs were computed for a 40-year life. The costs were computed for average dry weather flows of 181 and 218 mgd.

South Wastewater Treatment Plant Ammonia Removal from Solids Processing Recycle Streams | Fox River Water Reclamation District, Elgin, Illinois The South Wastewater Treatment Plant has a discharge permit that limits ammonia discharge concentrations. Currently, the treatment facility is dedicating a significant portion of their activated sludge process for equalizing filtrate from the belt presses. Belt press filtrate represents a significant load in regards to ammonia concentrations and oxygen demand within the aeration basin. The objective of this project was to identify and evaluate alternatives for processing the filtrate stream without impacting the activated sludge process. From the alternatives, a recommended alternative was selected and an implementation plan, including planning level cost estimates and implementation schedule, was developed.

St. Joseph Water Protection Facility Improvements Phase II Ammonia Removal | City of St. Joseph, Missouri The St. Joseph Water Protection Facility is a secondary treatment facility with a permitted design flow of 27 mgd. The plant receives significant influent nitrogen loadings, primarily from its wholesale industrial customers, including South St. Joseph Industrial Sewer District (SSJISD), National Beef Leathers (NBL), and Triumph Foods (TF). Provided process analysis and design of improvement to more efficiently address the separate


domestic and industrial feed flows, improve the treatment efficiencies, and ultimately give the city an improved capability to consistently meet current and future anticipated effluent limits. Improvements included modifying the aeration basins for total nitrogen removal, constructing a new grit removal system, constructing a primary effluent diversion pumping station, modifying the intermediate pump station to bypass the roughing filters and direct domestic primary clarifier effluent to the domestic aeration basins, modifying the existing domestic aeration basins from complete mix to plug flow (with anaerobic/anoxic/anoxic/aerobic zones, new diffusers, and new mixers), constructing a new Dissolved Air Flotation Thickener (DAFT) feed pump wet well, constructing new influent meter vault, upgrading the existing aerobic sludge digesters, constructing a new industrial final clarifier, and converting the existing chemical precipitation clarifier to a belt filter press filtrate equalization basin.

Ammonia Study | Clackamas County, Oregon City, Oregon Conducted an evaluation of ammonia removal alternatives for the Kellogg Creek Water Pollution Control Facility. Capacity reduction, facility upgrade, chemically enhanced primary clarifier, hybrid media, membrane bioreactor (MBR), and return activated sludge (RAS) storage (contact stabilization nitrification) alternatives were evaluated and weighted based on capital and operating costs, impact on solids processing, complexity, ease of implementation, and the impact on plant staffing.

Corona Wastewater Treatment Plant No. 1A Design-Build | City of Corona, California Process design of $4.4 million in improvements to expansion to 5.5 mgd wastewater treatment plant to 9 mgd, which included a new, highly efficient Turblex aeration blower; fine bubble Parkson panels; a dissolved oxygen (DO) control system; biofilter odor control; new electrical panels and switchgear; and a scum pumping station. Design provides flexibility to achieve biological nitrogen removal (BNR) using a either a step-feed or Modified Ludzack Ettinger (MLE) internal recycle process. Nitrogen Effluent is 6mg N/L. Additional improvements included 14.5 mgd headworks, a parallel 6 mgd secondary treatment train (Plant 1B), and a 9 mgd tertiary treatment train (Plant 1B). The headworks structure consists of two channel grinders and a grit removal system. A flow splitter separates 5.5 mgd to Plant 1A and 6 mgd for treatment in Plant 1B.

El Dorado Hills Wastewater Treatment Plant Regulatory Compliance Improvements | El Dorado Irrigation District, El Dorado Hills, California Process engineer for design of new biological nutrient removal (BNR) to reduce effluent nitrate to <10 mg/L and comply with new regulatory requirements. Phosphorus limits were established as <1 mg/L in anticipation of future regulations and to reduce algae production in the 66 million-gallon storage reservoir. Process assessment includes development of a mass balance model of the plant and BioWin model of the BNR facility to evaluate activated sludge process configuration.

BNR Modeling for Fresno Wastewater Treatment Plant | City of Fresno, California Performed dynamic modeling to simulate performance of the entire wastewater treatment plant. Simulation uses state-of-the-art desktop computer models, and incorporates organics, nitrogen, and phosphorus removal under dynamic, diurnal conditions.

Hangtown Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant | City of Placerville, California Process design for the secondary treatment expansion of trickling filter-activated sludge aeration basins and secondary clarifiers. Phase II-B improvements included new activated sludge complex and conversion from mechanical aeration to fine bubble aeration. Design includes an anoxic selector blending return activated sludge (RAS) and trickling filter effluent to achieve some biological nutrient removal (BNR) process.

BNR Modeling San Jose/Santa Clara Water Pollution Control Facility | City of San Jose, California Assisted with process control and nutrient removal facilities modeling for the San Jose/Santa Clara Wastewater Treatment Plant. Included on-line control modeling using state-of-the-art dynamic modeling of biological process (including biological nutrient removal [BNR]), with on-line instrumentation to control biological process.


Russian River County Sanitation District Treatment Plant Biological Nutrient Removal (BNR) Facilities | Sonoma County Water Agency, Guerneville, California Process design quality assurance/quality control for a new BNR facility at the Russian River County Sanitation District Treatment Plant. During predesign, determined wastewater characteristics and wastewater discharge requirements, performed mass balance model calibration and modeling, evaluated BNR alternatives capable of meeting new effluent limits for nitrate and ammonia contained in the district’s NPDES permit (included evaluation of cyclic aeration [simultaneous nit/denite]), and arranged for and participated in tours of existing BNR treatment processes.

Las Vegas Water Pollution Control Facility Expansion to 91 mgd (Contract 23) | City of Las Vegas, Nevada Process design of biological nutrient removal (BNR) facilities for the water pollution control facility expansion to 91 mgd. Design consisted of four parallel BNR basins, each partitioned into seven zones. The first three zones are anaerobic, second three are anoxic zones, and the last zone is aerobic. Internal piping and valving allows the BNR system to be operated in a modified UCT (University of Capetown) or A2O mode. Primary sludge thickener overflow is returned to the anaerobic zones to provide additional organic substrate to enhance phosphorus removal. Facilities designed also include influent pumping station, four BNR basins, blower building, four secondary clarifiers, selector, and return activated sludge (RAS)/waste activated sludge (WAS) pumping station.

Surprise Wastewater Treatment Plant | Del Webb Corporation/City of Surprise, Arizona Quality control and process reviewer of the 2 mgd oxidation ditch process. Biological nutrient removal (BNR) is achieved in an activated sludge system consisting of two oxidation ditches with brush aerators and mixers. Denitrification is achieved in the ditch by manipulating the aeration input and creating anoxic conditions in the oxidation ditch.

Central City/Black Hawk Advanced Wastewater Treatment Plant | City of Central City, Colorado Process evaluation and assessment to determine cost and treatment performance of advanced wastewater treatment (AWT) plant. Proposed plans for effluent will reach Standley Lake, which serves as drinking water source for small communities outside Denver. Current facilities include biological nutrient removal (BNR) facilities for nitrogen and phosphorus removal. Future facilities evaluated for removal of total nitrogen, total inorganic nitrogen, total and orthophosphate, and organics. Bacterial removal efficiency for removal of Giardia, Cryptosporidium, and viruses were determined for advanced treatment.

Pocatello Wastewater Treatment Plant Phase 1 Improvements | City of Pocatello, Idaho Process design of Phase 1 upgrades to the 7 mgd wastewater treatment plant. Improvements were needed to met the new NPDES permit effluent limitations for total phosphorus (TP) that were derived from a Total Maximum Daily Loading (TMDL) for TP, and also included a new 28 mgd ultraviolet (UV) disinfection facility, dual media filtration, aeration basin upgrade to biological nutrient removal (BNR), and headworks screening with washer/compactor facilities

Clinton Wastewater Treatment Plant | City of Clinton, Iowa Process analysis and design of a new 12 mgd wastewater treatment plant and related infrastructure under a very tight and strict schedule. The plant, now in operation, is a regional wastewater treatment facility, accepting wastewater from Clinton, Camanche, Low Moor, and anticipated future industrial development. Liquid treatment at the remote treatment plant site includes fine screening, flow measurement, grit removal, biological nutrient removal (BNR) activated sludge for total nitrogen and biological phosphorus removal, secondary clarification, and ultraviolet (UV) disinfection. It is believed to be the first BNR facility in the state of Iowa. Solids handling include recycled activated sludge (RAS) and waste activated sludge (WAS) pumping, WAS thickening, digestion in new aerobic digesters, and rotary press solids dewatering in new dewatering building that also houses the


thickeners. The plant provides the City the ability to convert their existing treatment facility to a wet weather/combined sewer overflow (CSO) storage and treatment plant to handle combined sewer overflows.

Fort Meade Wastewater Improvements Design-Build | U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Fort George Meade, Maryland Process engineer for design of a new wastewater treatment plant at Fort George G. Meade. Improvements included: (1) new fine screens system to improve debris removal upstream of other plant processes; (2) retrofit/upgrade the existing activated sludge system by converting to 5-stage Bardenpho enhanced nutrient removal system, and adding tankage to restore treatment capacity to 4.5 mgd; (3) rehabilitation/upgrade of the existing effluent polishing filters; (4) a new ultraviolet (UV) disinfection facility to replace gaseous chlorine and sulfur dioxide; (5) a new solids processing system that includes screw press dewatering and drying for Class A biosolids production; (6) rehabilitation of an existing biosolids holding tank and the construction of a new gravity thickener facility to process primary and waste activated solids; (7) major upgrades to the electrical system throughout the plant; (8) a plant-wide distributed control system; and (9) pumping station upgrades. The enhanced nutrient removal system significantly lowers chemical use at the plant while meeting the low 4 mg/L total nitrogen and 0.3 mg/L total phosphorus limits. This was accomplished with the replacement replacing the existing surface aerators/mixers with blowers, diffusers, and setting up 5 stage Bardenpho system. Several alternatives were considered for the biological nutrient removal (BNR) system, including 3-stage with denitrifying filters and 5-stage with solids removal filters. WAS thickening alternatives that were evaluated included gravity thickener, screw press, gravity belt thickener, and centrifuge. Alternatives for biosolids dewatering that were evaluated included centrifuge, belt filter press, filter press (plate and frame), sludge drying beds, rotary fan press, and screw press.

Nutrient Upgrade Expansion – City of Billings, Montana Process design of improvements to the wastewater treatment plant that will meet upcoming nutrients requirements in the discharge permit in a phased approach; expand the plant to the ultimate capacity of 34 mgd (initial phase will be to 30.4 mgd); provide upgrades/repairs to the existing facilities; and provide odor/corrosion control at the plant.

Hickory Wastewater Treatment Plant Expansion | City of Hickory, North Carolina Provided process analysis and design of improvements to expand the 6 mgd Henry Fork Wastewater Treatment Plant to 9 mgd. Improvements included replacement of the rotating biological contractors (RBCs) with a new dual train, seven cell, modified University of Capetown (UCT) biological nutrient removal (BNR) process. The plant is designed to meet effluent limitations of 15 mg/L BOD5, 30 mg/L total suspended solids, 2.1 mg/L ammonia nitrogen, and 1.0 mg/L total phosphorus. Other improvements included a new 3/8-inch mesh Aqua-Guard bar screen, expansion of the raw wastewater pumping capacity to 19 mgd, parallel raw sewage forcemain, new vortex grit chamber, expanded surface aerated equalization basin, new flow control and measuring vaults, odor control covers for the existing primary clarifiers, new secondary clarifiers, new chlorination and dechlorination facilities, new administration and laboratory building, and conversion of the old rectangular secondary clarifiers into primary and waste activated sludge (WAS) holding basins, each with batch dewatering capabilities.

Phase 3 Durham Advanced Wastewater Treatment Plant Expansion | Clean Water Services, Tigard, Oregon Process design of Phase 3 improvements to expand the Durham plant an additional 40 mgd. Design included fourth aeration basin, secondary clarifier, new digester complex, conversion of gravity thickeners to fermenters, two new dewatering centrifuges and centrate storage tanks, and a new primary effluent pumping station. Plant includes full biological nutrient removal (BNR) facilities.


Silverton Wastewater Treatment Plant | City of Silverton, Oregon Process design of $2.99 million in improvements to the city’s 2.5 mgd wastewater treatment plant to increase capacity, meet more stringent effluent quality requirements, and ease existing operations and maintenance (O&M) problems. Treatment facility upgrade included the following improvements: (1) operational improvements to the septage receiving station; (2) new influent channel with a mechanically-cleaned bar screen and larger influent flume; (3) hydraulic and operational improvements to the primary clarifiers, scum removal system, and sludge pumping facilities; (4) modifications to the primary effluent flow control facilities; (5) 4 million-gallon (MG) equalization basin and return flow pumping system; (6) two activated sludge basins equipped with dual diffused air and mixing aeration equipment and mechanical mixers to allow operation in a cyclical anoxic/aerobic manner; (7) new blower building; (8) expanded return activated sludge (RAS)/waste activated sludge (WAS) pumping facilities; (9) mixed liquor split box; (10) a second 80-foot-diameter secondary clarifier; (11) medium-pressure ultraviolet (UV) disinfection facilities; (12) small hypochlorite feed system for RAS control; (13) conversion of chlorine contact tank to a post aeration chamber; (14) new effluent flow meter; (15) effluent pumping station capable of sending flow to the Oregon Gardens site in the summer and discharging to Silver Creek during a 100-year flood in the winter; (16) outfall modifications; (17) conversion of the gravity sludge thickener to a dissolved air flotation thickener (DAFT); (18) demolition of abandoned facilities; (19) site work, paving and repaving of drives, and landscaping; and (20) related electrical and instrumentation. Activated sludge improvements were provided to meet ammonia discharge and achieve nitrification and denitrification. Trickling filter solids contact process was converted to a trickling filter-activated sludge process to meet 1 mg NH4-N/L and 10 mg/L total nitrogen. Activated sludge process achieves biological nutrient removal (BNR) in a phased nitrification/denitrification mode by turning aeration on and off to achieve sequential aerobic and anoxic conditions. Fine bubble aeration system designed with racetrack design to improve oxygen transfer efficiency. The activated sludge process includes a selector to control bulking and improve sludge settleability.

Manchester Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant Upgrades and Expansion Progressive Design-Build – City of Rock Hill, South Carolina Process engineer for progressive design-build services for upgrade and expansion of the Manchester Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant from 20 to 26 mgd, with provisions for future expansion to 30 mgd, and to provide additional nutrient removal. Improvements include influent pumping station with self-cleaning wet well and coarse screening, preliminary treatment facilities (screenings and vortex grit removal) inside a new building, two prestressed concrete flow equalization basins, biological treatment tanks, blower building, new and rehabilitated secondary clarifiers, effluent filters and pumping, sludge dewatering facility expansion, additional office space, new and relocated access roads, septage receiving station, rotary drum thickeners, SCADA system to control and monitor all plant operations and archive data, phosphorus removal chemical feed improvements, abandonment of overhead power lines for in-conduit underground power lines, control panels with the ability to be operated electronically and in manual modes, odor control, site work, and yard piping.

Segregated Treatment System Pilot Study | City of Hopewell, Virginia Assisted with pilot-scale operation of two parallel biological nutrient removal (BNR) processes at the Hopewell Regional Wastewater Treatment Facility. The pilot study compared performance of a Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) treatment system and suspended growth treatment system.

Alderwood-Picnic Point Wastewater Treatment Plant | Alderwood Water and Wastewater District, Lynnwood, Washington Conducted preliminary overview of the 3 mgd wastewater treatment plant, which included development of proposed improvements to the facility. Improvements included headworks, primary clarifiers, biological nutrient removal (BNR), aeration basin, secondary clarifier, pumping stations, belt filter press, odor control, and digesters.


Budd Inlet Wastewater Treatment Plant Process Improvements | LOTT Clean Water Alliance, Olympia, Washington Provided process analysis and design services as well as startup assistance for this $41 million project that consisted of major upgrades to the biological nitrogen removal (BNR) process at the 33.8 mgd wastewater treatment plant. LOTT is the only utility discharging to Washington State's Puget Sound with a nitrogen removal requirement, and is planning to reduce effluent total inorganic nitrogen to 2 mg/L, one of the lowest limits in the country. Biological treatment improvements included: (1) reconfiguring aeration basin to the Modified Ludzack-Ettinger (MLE) process and include anoxic and swing zones for denitrification and addition of recirculation pumps and anoxic zone mixers; (2) adding a new centrate dilution and pumping station; (3) modifying the intermediate pumping station; (4) adding four new turbine blowers; (5) replacing the mixed liquor pipeline; (6) reconfiguring the splitter box and meter vault; (7) yard piping; and (8) electrical, instrumentation, and control improvements.

Budd Inlet Treatment Plant Primary Sedimentation Basin Expansion and Nitrogen Removal System | LOTT Water Clean Alliance, Olympia, Washington Process engineer for improvements to the primary sedimentation facilities and upgrades to the biological nitrogen removal process as well as the centrate treatment and chemical feed facilities. The estimated cost is $40 million to $50 million.

Richland Wastewater Treatment Plant | City of Richland, Washington Process analysis to upgrade a trickling filter plant to increase flow and achieve nitrification. Biological nutrient removal (BNR) is achieved in an activated sludge process, with a selector that is operated under a phased nitrification and denitrification mode using submerged turbine aerators. Evaluated thermophilic anaerobic digestion as option to meet Class A sludge.

2010 Total Nitrification Study Update | Central Contra Costa Sanitary District, Martinez, California Updated the 2010 total nitrification study to include results from recent studies, updated recommendations based on advancements in technology, and refined planning level capital and operations and maintenance (O&M) cost estimates to enable the district to plan appropriately for future capital upgrades.

Full Plant Nitrification Feasibility Study | Central Contra Costa Sanitary District, Martinez, California Conducted a feasibility study to determine a cost-effective approach for providing nitrification of the entire treatment plant flow. The analysis included an evaluation of which approaches would best facilitate nutrient removal or filtration, should these additional treatment steps be required in the future. Alternatives that were evaluated included conventional nitrification, membrane bioreactor (MBR), biologically-activated filter (Biofor) process, ammonia stripping, ion exchange, and ThermoEnergy ammonia recovery process. The study was later expanded to include evaluation of cost-effective alternatives to reach total nitrogen and phosphorus removal of the entire plant to meet the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) proposed criteria, as well as determining the return on investment or payback period for installing flocculation and mid-tank baffles in the primary sedimentation tank and determining the most cost-effective approach for cyanide management while achieving full plant nitrification. Alternatives that were evaluated included full nitrification/cyanide removal in the activated sludge basins, biological side-stream treatment using either aerobic/anaerobic or suspended/fixed film systems, and physical/chemical side-stream treatment using permanganate oxidation, alkali chlorination, or electrolytic oxidation.

San Jacinto Valley Regional Water Reclamation Facility Optimization Study | Eastern Municipal Water District, Perris, California Reviewed current treatment plant operations and identified methods to optimize operation at the San Jacinto Regional Water Reclamation Facility and provide an immediate capacity increased based on design criteria for 2014, while diverting 2 mgd to the Perris Wastewater Treatment Plant. The study also evaluated options to improve nitrogen removal efficiency with the goal of producing an effluent total inorganic nitrogen (TIN)


concentration of 10 mg/L. It was determined that plant operations can be optimization in two phases: an interim and a permanent improvement phase. The interim improvements would increase the capacity of the plant from 6.9 mgd to approximately 10.4 mgd, and allow it to meet a TIN limit of 10 mg/L. This phase includes relatively low-cost elements ($4.2 million in improvements) that can be implemented quickly, and included the following: (1) implementing CEPT (chemically enhanced primary treatment) to reduce organic and solids loading to the aeration basins; (2) raising the mixed liquor concentration in the activated sludge tanks to increase the process capacity and ability to nitrify; (3) increasing the mixed liquor internal return pumping capacity to increase denitrification; (4) increasing the aeration basin volume by raising the hydraulic profile 1.5 feet; (5) increasing the anoxic volume in the aeration basins by 14 percent (from 18 to 32 percent), and mixing the additional volume with intermittent aeration using the existing diffusers, which will increase denitrification; (6) optimizing the secondary clarifiers adding baffles to reduce density currents, which will enable higher MLSS and solids loading, thus improving performance while maintaining capacity. Using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to design and place baffle walls; (7) optimizing the chlorine contact basin efficiency with the addition of baffles to reduce hydraulic short-circuiting, and extending modal contact time. Using CFD to design and place baffle walls and turning vanes; and (8) co-thickening primary and waste activated sludge in the existing dissolved activated floatation tanks (DAFTs) to reduce the sludge volume that goes to the digesters and enable 15 days of hydraulic retention time in the existing digesters. Permanent improvements proposed for the plant included installing two cloth disc filters in space and foundations available in the tertiary filtration building. The estimated construction cost of these both interim and permanent improvements was $5.5 million.

Phase 1A and 1B Expansion of Water Reclamation Plant No. 1 | City of Lathrop, California Designed processes for fast-track phased expansions to increase capacity of 0.6 mgd Water Reclamation Plant No. 1 to 1.2 mgd (Phase 1A) and then to 3 mgd (Phase 1B). Treatment processes designed include screening, grit removal, extended aeration nitrification/denitrification, sedimentation, disinfection, return activated sludge (RAS) pumping, and sludge dewatering.

Nitrification/Denitrification for 13 mgd Pomona Water Reclamation Plant | Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts, Pomona, California Process review and design of retrofits for Pomona Water Reclamation Plant to convert a complete and fully functional Modified Ludzack-Ettinger (MLE) nitrification-denitrification process. Biological process modeling was performed using BioWin. Improvements designed for activated sludge process; return activated sludge (RAS) pumping station and conveyance system; secondary sedimentation tank No. 1; filter backwash pumping, conveyance, and equalization systems; and disinfection systems. The fine bubble aeration system was upgraded. Activated sludge design includes aeration tank, five zones (mixing, anoxic, swing, and two aerobic zones), baffles, mixers, pumps and piping, air supply modifications, new fine bubble diffuser laterals and holders within aerobic zones, and modifications to diffuser layout to supply appropriate amount of air to each zone. Nitrogen effluent is 7 mg N/L.

Nitrification/Denitrification for 100 mgd San Jose Creek Water Reclamation Plant | Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts, Whittier, California Process engineer for preliminary design of nitrification-denitrification facilities. Biological process modeling was performed using BioWin. Improvements designed for activated sludge systems, return activated sludge (RAS) pumping stations and conveyance systems, ammonia feed facilities, and disinfection systems. The fine bubble aeration system was upgraded. The activated sludge system includes 12 zones (three anoxic and nine aerobic), baffles at zone interfaces, step-feed inlets, baffle addition and equipping of secondary clarifier, air supply modifications, new fine bubble diffuser laterals and holders within aerobic zones, and modifications to diffuser layout to supply appropriate amount of air to each zone. Nitrogen effluent is 4 mg N/L.


Wastewater Treatment Plant No. 1 Activated Sludge Rehabilitation (Job P1-82) | Orange County Sanitation District, Fountain Valley, California Process evaluation and design of $33 million in improvements to modify existing BOD removal activated sludge Wastewater Treatment Plant No. 1 to nitrify and denitrify 92 mgd. Project includes modifications to the activated sludge process to provide nitrification with anoxic selector basins. Process options for step-feed, mixed liquor recycle, and various selector configuration were evaluated. Process is designed to achieve either BOD removal only, or BOD removal plus nitrification and denitrification. An selector that can operated as anoxic or aerobic is used to improve settleability. The foam classifying selector is designed to remove foam from the system. Other improvements included new single-stage aeration blower, diffusers, baffles, mechanical mixers, waste activated sludge (WAS) pump, refurbishment of existing secondary clarifiers, two new secondary clarifiers, corrosion control, replacement of the dissolved oxygen analyzers and programmable logic controller (PLC) control for the aeration basin, motor control center (MCC) modification, new standby power generator, and turbidity, nitrate, ammonia, phosphorus, respirometer and total suspended solids (TSS) analyzers for the final effluent from the clarifiers.

Easterly Wastewater Treatment Plant Tertiary Project | City of Vacaville, California Provided preliminary design services for $64 million in tertiary upgrades to the 15 mgd Easterly Wastewater Treatment Plant to meet the requirements of the Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB) permit. Regulatory requirements included compliance with numerical ammonia limits, nitrate limits, elimination of blending, and dry weather filtration/Title 22 reclamation. Predesign services included reviewing the facility planning work prepared by another consultant, preparing a mass balance model of the recommended treatment plant modifications, updating the Biowin model to represent the recommended modifications to the biological treatment processes, and evaluating construction phasing, headworks (including influent pumping station expansion to 55, screening, and grit handling), grit removal, primary clarification, flow equalization basin, aeration basin, blower, secondary clarification, return activated sludge/waste activated sludge (RAS/WAS) pumping station, effluent filtration, disinfection, line emergency storage pond, digested sludge storage lagoon, overall operational strategy, primary control strategies, electrical distribution system, plant utilities, demolition, site work, laboratory expansion, and site building alternatives. Provided process design of denitrification improvements, which include headworks and aeration system improvements. Headworks facility improvements included replacement of the mechanical screens with 6 mm perforated plate screens, addition of a third perforated screen, replacement of the screening conveyor with a hydraulic sluice, addition of a second screenings washer compactor, relocation of the grit cyclones and classifiers to allow for direct discharge into storage bins, expansion of the grit slurry pipes, expansion of the aeration basins. The internal arrangements were changed to "coupled" basins to provide for denitrification. MLE flow is achieved using "through the wall" propeller pumps. The new facility includes a flow split structure to divide flows between the three "coupled" basins, and the two future basins required for buildout capacity. A new 4-cell flow equalization basin (total storage capacity approximately 5.5 million gallons) was constructed in the west stormwater storage basin. This basin receives both primary and secondary effluent flows. An emergency overflow to the existing North storage basin was also added. The existing biosolids storage lagoon was modified by reducing the size, and concrete lining was added for easier cleaning. The lagoon has floating aerator/mixers.

Water Pollution Control Facility Reduced Loading Operation Optimization | City of Las Vegas, Nevada The operation of the City of North Las Vegas’ new 21 mgd wastewater reclamation facility in 2011 resulted in an influent reduction to the City of Las Vegas' water pollution control facility. Conducted a study to identify improvements to remove and relocate all sidestream connections to Plants 1 and 2, bypass piping design from Plants 3 and 4 primary sedimentation basin effluent to nitrification influent pump station, conversion of the nitrification facilities to nitrification-denitrification facilities; removal soda ash storage and feeding system; modifying the operating strategy of all the existing thickeners, and modifying the nitrification influent pump station and fixing the vibration problems of their existing pumps in the station.


Nitrification Facility for Las Vegas Water Pollution Control Facility Expansion | City of Las Vegas, Nevada Process design for a 66 mgd nitrification activated sludge plant. Existing trickling filters were integrated into a new activated sludge process. The plant provides chemical phosphorus removal using alum and effluent filtration. Activated sludge process includes selector design for bulking control. A novel application of contact clarification is used to improve filtration and remove phosphorus. Treatment plant typically achieves <0.1 mg N/L ammonia and <0.1 mg P/L total phosphorus.

Nogales International Wastewater Treatment Plant Upgrade | City of Nogales, Arizona Process design of improvements to upgrade and expand the 17.2-mgd facility to meet the NPDES and Aquifer Protection Permit discharge limits. Modifications include converting secondary process to nitrification-denitrification through construction of new aeration basins; modifying headworks grit removal and screening systems; retrofitting existing ultraviolet (UV) disinfection chambers with updated UV technology; adding a waste activated pump station, and adding solids handling facilities, including thickeners, thickened waste activated sludge (TWAS) pumping station, aerobic digester, and sludge storage lagoons. New structures also included an aerated grease removal unit, a maintenance building, an administration building, and miscellaneous distribution structures.

Phase 5C Advanced Water Reclamation Facility Membrane Filtration and Nitrification Improvements | City of Coeur D'Alene, Idaho Provided facility planning and process design of improvements to expand the aeration facilities and 1 mgd of membrane filtration that can be added incrementally as flows increase and more stringent ammonia, phosphorus, and carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand (CBOD) permit limits go into effect. Phase 5C improvements at the 6 mgd wastewater treatment plant included tertiary membrane bioreactor (MBR) for nitrification and low level phosphorus removal, secondary effluent transfer pumping station, expanded solids contact tank transfer pumping, chemical mixing tank, membrane filtration equipment building, membrane operating system, Turbo blowers, return tertiary sludge pumping, waste sludge pumping, chemical feed systems, 3W pumping, primary clarification, secondary clarification, electrical supply, and instrumentation and control.

Theresa Street Wastewater Treatment Facility Improvements | City of Lincoln, Nebraska Process analysis and design of improvements to expand the 20 mgd Theresa Street Wastewater Treatment Plant to 27.4 mgd for compliance with new regulatory effluent ammonia limits. Improvements include replacement of trickling filter treatment train with new activated sludge facilities (includes anoxic and aeration basins) capable of nitrification for ammonia removal at around 13 mgd, fine bubble diffusers, primary clarifier, sludge pumping station, two secondary clarifiers, return activated sludge (RAS)/waste activated sludge (WAS) pumping station, single-stage blower to supply 22,000 scfm of air and blower building, and modifications to four existing secondary clarifiers. Process is designed to accommodate dewatering return flows using a unique pre-nitrification basin to eliminate shock loading. The plant is arranged to allow seeding of parallel trains to improve process stability and increase treatment capacity.

Conversion to Nitrification | City of Roswell, New Mexico Process evaluation and design to accommodate nitrification in an existing two stage 7 mgd trickling filter plant. Preferred alternative is a phased aeration medium rate activated sludge process (MRAS), which operates the aeration system in on-off mode to achieve nitrification and denitrification in the same basin. This arrangement provides flexible operation to handle current and future permit conditions for nitrification and denitrification. Process design provide for future addition of phosphorus removal if needed. Existing trickling filter clarifiers were also modified to serve as secondary clarifiers for the activated sludge by raising the walls and retrofitting new solids removal equipment. Project also included miscellaneous improvements to solids handling and disinfection facilities.


Phase II Tucumcari Wastewater Treatment Plant Improvements and Expansion | City of Tucumcari, New Mexico Provided process analysis and design support for Phase II upgrades to the 1.2 mgd wastewater treatment plant, which included upgrade of the treatment process to nitrification/denitrification using the Medium Rate Activated Sludge (MRAS) Process. Upgrades will include aeration basins, splitter boxes, secondary clarifiers, and a blower building with control room.

Biological Phosphorus Removal and Nitrification for Seneca Wastewater Treatment Plant | Metropolitan Council Environmental Services, Eagan, Minnesota Process assessment of the activated sludge process at the Seneca Wastewater Treatment Plant to determine the ability to remove phosphorus. Process design of complete mix activated sludge retrofit to provide nitrification and biological phosphorus removal.

Nutrient Strategy Assistance | Bay Area Clean Water Agencies (BACWA), Oakland, California Assisted BACWA with understanding and responding to the rapidly-changing regulatory and scientific landscape related to nutrient enrichment of the San Francisco Bay. The scope of work included attendance at the Regional Monitoring Program Nutrient Workshop, executive board presentations, San Francisco Bay numerical nutrient endpoint stakeholders advisory group meetings, Suisun Bay Monitoring Plan Workgroup meeings, and Regional Monitoring Program Nutrient Workgroup meetings, as well as preparation of topic papers that included the following subjects: (1) numerical nutrient endpoint (NNE) literature review; (2) relevant hydrodynamic and nutrient models of the San Francisco Bay; (3) infrastructure implications of nutrient effluent limits; and (4) sustainability impacts of potential nutrient effluent limits.

Nutrient Removal Optimization and Upgrade Study | Bay Area Clean Water Agencies (BACWA), Oakland, California Project manager for a groundbreaking study that will shape the future of wastewater treatment for 39 publically owned treatment plants, with a combined capacity of approximately 900 mgd, serving 6.5 million people, and to protect the health of the San Francisco Bay. Collaborated with BACWA and its member agencies to help shape the nutrient removal regulatory framework and strategy for all San Francisco Bay dischargers. Visited each of BACWA’s 39 member agencies’ plants to make recommendations on optimization strategies and/or facility upgrades to meet the new regulations, delivering to each agency a customized roadmap for future improvements that could easily total $5 to $9 billion of upgrades over the coming decade.

Colfax Wastewater Treatment Plant Upgrade | City of Colfax, California Provided quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) and technical input for process engineering performed during predesign and design of improvements to upgrade the wastewater treatment plant to provide a rated capacity of 0.275 mgd average day dry weather flow (ADDWF) and a peak hour flow of 1.0 mgd with flow equalization. Improvements included biological nitrogen removal facilities.

EPA Region IX Grant on Nutrient Reduction by Sidestream Treatment | East Bay Municipal Utility District, Oakland, California Assisted the district with applying for the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Region IX Grant on Nutrient Reduction by Sidestream Treatment by conducting a comprehensive literature review of emerging and established viable sidestream treatment technologies, identifying knowledge/implementation gaps, developing technology selection criteria, selecting at least three viable technologies (including anammox) for bench and pilot testing, estimating and providing a report summarizing the nutrient load reductions to the San Francisco Bay from Bay Area Clean Water Agency (BACWA) member agencies implementing sidestream treatment (where applicable), and preparing a planning-level cost estimate of sidestream nitrogen removal technologies tested and mainstream nitrogen removal technologies.


Nitrogen Removal Study and Nitrate Infeasibility Analysis | City of Stockton, California Provided quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) review of a nitrogen removal study that evaluated nitrate removal alternatives at the Regional Wastewater Control Facility. The evaluation considered facility needs and the associated cost for each alternative (capital, energy, and chemicals).

Nutrient Removal Modifications and Cost Assessment | Douglas County Sewer Improvement District No. 1, Zephyr Cove, Nevada Provided engineering services to estimate construction and project costs to provide the capability for nitrogen removal (nitrification followed by denitrification). Performed a process analysis of the existing primary and secondary treatment facilities to estimate the treatment plant's capacity with nitrogen removal, as well as for the modified primary and secondary treatment facilities to determine the facilities required to provide a rated average annual flow capacity of 3.75 mgd. Cost estimates were also provided for development of an asset management program, financial master plan, complete SCADA operating system, and improvements necessary for reducing staffing requirements from 24 hours per day, seven days per week, to 10 to 12 hours per day, five to seven days per week.

Nutrient Reduction Feasibility Study | City of Ames, Iowa Conducted a study to develop a roadmap for future nutrient reduction efforts for meeting the goals of the Iowa nutrient reduction strategy at the 6 mgd (20.4 mgd peak) water pollution control facility. Updated and built upon data and results from the 2012 Long-Range Facility Plan to reflect changes or trends that evaluated over the past five years, which included updating the hydraulic and process water pollution control facility models. Established the current Skunk River watershed nutrient baseline characterizing the sources and quantities of nitrogen and phosphorus loadings, both upstream and downstream of the water pollution control facility. Explored and characterized opportunities for watershed nutrient reduction and offsets as alternatives to or to supplement water pollution control facility nutrient reduction. Offsite watershed nutrient reductions that were explored and characterized included perennial groundcover in the presence of crops, cover crops, water and sediment control basins, constructed wetlands, denitrification bioreactors, riparian buffers, and grassed waterways. Explored and characterized opportunities for water pollution control facility (on-site) nutrient reduction, which included: (1) potential reductions in nutrient loadings to the water pollution control facility or through reductions in solids recycle nutrient loading within the water pollution control facility; (2) water pollution control facility optimization alternatives that focus on effluent nitrogen and/or phosphorus reduction while utilizing as much of the existing infrastructure as possible; (3) alternative technologies that are more effective than the existing trickling filter solids contact process in achieving nitrogen and phosphorus reductions; (4) and other emerging technologies that may be more effective than either the existing trickling filter solids contact or alternative technologies in achieving nitrogen and phosphorus reductions. On-site options that were deemed worthy for consideration included: (1) simultaneous nitrification denitrification (SNDN), conventional activated sludge biological nutrient removal, and granular activated sludge as alternative technologies to the existing trickling filter solids contact technology, and (2) testing of lime sludge addition as alternative solution for phosphorus removal and/or chemical feed for phosphorus removal as an interim solution. Defined a preferred alternative.

Cedar Rapids Nutrient Removal and Solids Facilities Plan | City of Cedar Rapids, Iowa Updated the 47 mgd water pollution control facility nutrient removal and solids facility plan, which included engineering evaluation of applicable regulatory conditions and design criteria affecting secondary nutrient and solids treatment systems, a summary of current and future flow and loading conditions, an evaluation of the existing water pollution control facility secondary and solids treatment facilities, a review of appropriate energy and sustainability initiatives, a review and evaluation of potential nutrient removal and solids treatment alternatives, estimates of capital and life-cycle costs of alternatives, and a summary of results and recommendations. The facilities plan update was needed due to new regulations, particularly the Iowa Nutrient Reduction Strategy, new Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT) standards for air emissions from sewage sludge incinerators, land application loading rate changes, and others which were not considered as


part of the 2006 or 2011 facility planning work. Pilot and bench testing and site visits, as well as monetary and non-monetary analyses were conducted to refine the preferred alternatives. Preferred alternatives that were selected included: (Alternative 01-A) biological nutrient removal–membrane aerated biofilm reactor or bioreactor (BNR-MABR), thermal hydrolysis process-anaerobic digestion (THP-AD), and anaerobic pretreatment; (Alternative 05-A) BNR-MABR, fluidized bed incineration, and anaerobic pretreatment; (Alternative 12) Granular Activated Sludge (GrAS), THP-AD, and anaerobic pretreatment; and (Alternative 21) GrAS, THP-AD, anaerobic pretreatment, and fluidized bed incineration. Site layouts and cost estimates were prepared for the preferred alternatives.

Phosphorous Removal Study | Metropolitan Council Environmental Services St. Paul, Minneapolis Lead process engineer on study to determine methods to provide biological phosphorous removal through optimization of existing facilities.

Empire Wastewater Treatment Plant Improvements | Metropolitan Council Environmental Services, Farmington, Minnesota Process engineer for preparation of a facility plan and preliminary design that identified $72 million in improvements for a 24 mgd Empire Wastewater Treatment Plant to provide treatment capabilities and process reliability for projected loads and NPDES permit conditions through 2006. The preliminary design was successfully completed on an extremely aggressive schedule within 60 days from notice to proceed. The short schedule was met by conducting focused workshops with Council staff from engineers, operators, maintenance, and process control. Liquid treatment processes evaluated include screening, influent pumping, grit removal, primary settling, enhanced biological phosphorus removal activated sludge, secondary clarifiers, future effluent filtration, and ultraviolet (UV) disinfection. Solids handling include gravity belt thickening, anaerobic digestion, and belt filter press dewatering followed by storage and land application. The biological process is designed an effluent phosphorus level of 1.0 mg/L on an annual average basis and to be expanded for future total nitrogen limits, and nitrogen effluent is 10 mg N/L. The biological nutrient removal (BNR) process incorporates the existing aeration basins and clarifiers, and can be operated in the A20 or modified Johannesburg nutrient removal process modes. Provisions are made to add basins for enhanced nitrogen removal for improved denitrification. Process analysis included field testing for primary clarifiers and modeling using the BioWin simulator.

Sustainable Nitrogen Removal/Retrofit | Lemna Technologies, Inc., St. Paul, Minnesota Conducted a study that identified strategies for modifying an existing wastewater treatment plant to remove nitrogen. Identified a sustainable approach using existing Lemna technology for nutrient removal at the wastewater treatment facilities

Lower Meramec River Wastewater Treatment Plant Expansion | Metropolitan St. Louis Sewer District, St. Louis, Missouri Process engineer during facility planning of $81.3 million in improvements to upgrade and expand the 15 mgd (60 mgd peak) Lower Meramec River Wastewater Treatment Plant to 28 mgd during Phase II and 55 mgd during Phase III, and to comply with the NPDES permit. Identified and discussed 16 treatment process alternatives in workshop format, and performed detailed analysis on five alternatives. HDR's EnVision mass balance model was used to model each alternative and determine treatment unit sizes for developing a life cycle cost comparison of the alternatives. The most cost-effective solution was determined to be conversion of the trickling filter plant to an activated sludge plant with nitrification, denitrification, and biological phosphorus removal. Phase II improvements were subsequently designed, which included a new $5.8 million ultraviolet (UV) disinfection facility.

Bozeman Early Out Improvements and Phosphorus Removal Expansion- City of Bozeman, Montana Provided process engineering services to enable the city to comply with more stringent permit compliance requirements for nutrients. The project consists of an early-out construction project, an IP Bed Plan, and permit


hearing assistance. The early-out construction project will enable the city to provide phosphorus removal using chemical precipitation ahead of the primary treatment process and nitrogen removal using biological processes with modifications to the existing aeration basin complex. Nitrogen effluent is 7.5 mg N/L. Also project expanded capacity by adding new bioreactors for nutrient removal using 5-stage Bardenpho process, return activated sludge (RAS)/waste activated sludge (WAS) pumping, and new secondary clarifiers.

Phase 1 Water Reclamation Facility Expansion and Improvements | City of Bozeman, Montana Provided process engineering during design of improvements to the Phase 1 water reclamation facility expansion and improvements, which were needed in response to their rapidly growing community and increasing regulatory restrictions. The project consists of a new headworks facility, new primary effluent pumping facility, new aeration basin bioreactors for nutrient removal, return activated sludge (RAS)/waste activated sludge (WAS) pumping, new secondary clarifier, ultraviolet (UV) disinfection facility, effluent management facilities, and new administration/laboratory complex. Also provided TMDL engineering support services and developed a long-term effluent management strategy.

Hamilton Wastewater Treatment Plant Improvements | City of Hamilton, Montana Process design of improvements to the 6.72 mgd wastewater treatment plant, which included upgrade of existing activated sludge system with anoxic selector and controls for cyclic aeration, return activated sludge (RAS) and waste activated sludge (WAS) pumping system modifications, secondary clarifier improvements, and solids handling improvements. Facility achieves nitrogen and nutrient removal. Nitrogen effluent is 4 mg N/L.

Phase 1 Advanced Wastewater Treatment Plant Expansion | City of Kalispell, Montana Process engineer for Phase 1 expansion of the advanced wastewater treatment plant, which addressed biological phosphorus removal options, fermenter operation, aeration system upgrades, and other facility improvements. Conducted overall process analysis to determine plant capacity and prioritize improvements. Design and constructed a modified Johannesburg process with foam control in a 5-stage nutrient removal process. Replaced aged two-stage fermentation process with a single stage fermentation process that includes elutriation and ORP control.

Wastewater Treatment Plant Optimization Study | Lewis & Clark County, Helena, Montana Assessed the existing wastewater treatment plant and process capabilities to determine current capacity with respect to parameters included in the new NPDES discharge permit and the potential for metals, nitrogen, and phosphorus removal within the existing process. Also examined interim improvements to reduce metals, nitrogen, and phosphorus discharges.

Missoula Wastewater Treatment Plant Optimization Study | City of Missoula, Montana Assisted with an optimization study of the existing wastewater treatment plant for both nutrient removal and energy efficiency.

Carlsbad Wastewater Treatment Facility | City of Carlsbad, New Mexico Assisted with preparation of a preliminary engineering report and an environmental information document for the 2.5 mgd wastewater treatment facility, and assisted with design of improvements, which included: (1) rehabilitation of the entrance works, primary clarifiers, aeration basins, secondary clarifiers, and pumping station; (2) conversion to an MLE process; (3) replacement of the process air blowers and digester; (4) upgrade to ultraviolet (UV) disinfection; (5) upgrade to a SCADA system; (6) administration building renovation; and (7) a new laboratory.

Wastewater Treatment Facility Improvements Preliminary Engineering Report | City of Santa Rosa, New Mexico The 0.75 mgd Wastewater Treatment Facility required significant improvements to meet the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) requirements, provide beneficial use of reclaimed wastewater, prepare


for future expansion, and meet anticipated limits for land application of solids. Performed a detailed analysis of five treatment options. Based upon a matrix rating system, the Medium Rate Activated Sludge (MRAS) process was selected as the best treatment alternative by the plant’s operators, city administrators, and construction programs bureau. The other treatment alternatives taken into consideration included STM aerator, Biolac, oxidation ditch, and sequencing batch reactor (SBR). Proposed treatment also included headworks, two new 40-foot-diameter secondary clarifiers, return activated sludge/waste activated sludge (RAS/WAS) pumping, ultraviolet (UV) disinfection, aerobic digester, drying beds, and composting.

Village of Ruidoso Water/Sewer Improvements | Village of Ruidoso, Ruidoso, New Mexico Determined the treatment and disposal options for the Village of Ruidoso to meet the 1 mg/L Total Nitrogen limit for discharging treated wastewater treatment plant effluent to the Rio Ruidoso.

Metro Wastewater Treatment Plant Optimization Analysis of Total Phosphorus Treatment | Onondaga County Department of Water Environment Protection, Syracuse, New York Performed an optimization analysis for the 84.2 mgd Metro Wastewater Treatment Plant to identify a plan that would promote improving and optimizing phosphorus removal in terms of effluent concentration, operations, and cost. Responsible for performing a process evaluation to establish the optimal treatment scheme for removing phosphorus at the Metro plant and provide design, operational, and maintenance recommendations for reducing residual phosphorus and/or treatment variability.

Biological Phosphorus Removal Study | Clean Water Services, Tigard, Oregon Conducted a full-scale study to determine if conversion of thickeners to fermenters would generate enough volatile fatty acids (VFAs) to support biological phosphorus removal in the aeration basins. Optimized biological phosphorus removal process to eliminate chemical addition.

Rock Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant | Clean Water Services, Tigard, Oregon Process analysis and evaluation of alternatives for the Rock Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant. Process evaluation includes existing air and pure oxygen activated sludge systems (HPO), and biological and chemical nutrient removal.

Phosphorus Removal Study | City of Stephenville, Texas Provided quality control review of phosphorus removal study.

$79 Million Army Base Treatment Plant Upgrade | Hampton Roads Sanitation District, Norfolk, Virginia Provided process engineering during planning and design of $79 million in upgrades to the 18 mgd Army Base Treatment Plant, which included enhanced nutrient removal and ancillary plant improvements. The plant is being upgraded to meet an annual average effluent limit of 5 mg/L total nitrogen and 1 mg/L total phosphorus. Improvements included a new 6 million-gallon biological process tank for operation of a five-stage nitrification/denitrification process with biological phosphorus removal, conversion of the existing high purity oxygen aeration tanks to operate in a post-anoxic and oxic mode in series with the new biological process tanks, a new methanol storage and feed facility, rehabilitation of the existing four secondary clarifiers and return activated sludge (RAS) pumping station, a nitrification enhancement facility that biologically treats the incinerator scrubber return flow to remove potential inhibitors to nitrification, rehabilitation of an existing biosolids holding tank and construction of a new gravity thickener facility to process primary and waste activated solids, rehabilitation of the existing biosolids receiving facility, improvements to the two existing multiple hearth furnaces, a new 20,000 scfm odor control station to serve the preliminary treatment facility, and a new electric generator building and major upgrades to the electrical system.


$121 Million Virginia Initiative Plant Nutrient Reduction Improvements | Hampton Roads Sanitation District, Virginia Beach, Virginia Process engineer during predesign and final design of $121 million in nutrient reduction improvements to the Hampton Roads Sanitation District's 40 mgd Virginia Initiative Plant (VIP). The Virginia Watershed Implementation Plan, released in December 2010, requires that the district reduce the load of total nitrogen (TN) discharged to the James River Basin from 6 million pounds/year to 4.4 million pounds/year by December 2016. In addition, the peak hydraulic capacity of the plant may have to be increased as part of the district's special order by consent with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to reduce sanitary sewer overflows. Improvements include a new preliminary treatment facility, 2 million-gallon (MG) flow equalization tank, equalization tank diversion structure, conversation of the existing biological nutrient removal (BNR) process to a five-stage nutrient removal process using 2 MG Versatile Bioreactor (VBR), new 125-foot-diameter secondary clarifier, new supplemental carbon storage and feed facility, replacement of the existing nitrate and anaerobic recycle pumps and piping systems, disinfection facility improvements, conversion of an unused waste activated sludge (WAS) storage tank to a primary solids holding tank to provide improved handling for wet weather solids loads to the primary clarifiers, odor control facilities, non-potable water pumping improvements, new yard piping, electrical system improvements, and site improvements. The preliminary treatment facility include influent perforated plate screening, screenings handling, a self-cleaning trench-type wet well, and 100 mgd influent pumping station. The VBR includes two 2-MG tanks in a nested, down-and-back plug flow configuration. Disinfection facility improvements include a new chlorine contact channel, and new sodium hypochlorite and sodium bisulfite pumps, piping and controls to provide disinfection feed and control to the expanded disinfection facilities. Innovative design concept of treating peak flows by using the new equalization tank, biological process tank, and chlorine contact channel in a “parallel” mode provides for significant peak flow treatment capacity on the constrained site and at an economical cost. Project included process modeling (BioWin, computation flow dynamic [CFD], and hydraulic). An extensive array of biological treatment process alternatives were evaluated during the predesign phase, which included expansion of activated sludge process capacity to provide year-round nitrification and addition denitrification, membrane bioreactor (MBR), integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS), denitrification filters, biological activated/aerated filters (BAF), and existing biological phosphorus removal modifications.

Hopewell Regional Wastewater Treatment Facility Nitrogen Reduction | City of Hopewell, Virginia Process engineer for investigation of alternatives to reduce nitrogen levels at the 50 mgd Hopewell Regional Wastewater Treatment Facility. The plant uses a high-purity oxygen activated sludge system for secondary treatment. Basis of design report included evaluation of biological and physical/chemical processes upgrades and additions for further nutrient reduction. Treatment plant receives large industrial contribution resulting in very high temperature wastewater (exceeding 40 C) and periodically hazardous organic compounds from the industries. A Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) treatment system was designed for biological nutrient removal (BNR) to meet nitrogen levels of 15.0 mg/L on an annual average basis. Other plan improvements included: (1) 3.9 mgd Gravelly Run Pumping Station and forcemain improvements, 33.3 mgd MBBR influent pumping station, MBBR screening facility, two 800 hp single-stage blowers, two 900 hp multi-stage blowers, dissolved air floatation (DAF) building, UNOX aeration tanks, additional secondary clarifier, addition of fifth OxyCharger effluent re-aeration unit, and addition of a third centrifuge dewatering unit.

WERF Nutrient Removal Challenge | Water Environmental Research Federation, Alexandria, Virginia Principal investigator for project involving cost-effective removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater that included national and international resources, modeling, treatment technology evaluations, and research studies. The WERF Nutrient Challenge is a multi-year collaborative research initiative established in 2007 to develop and provide current information about wastewater treatment nutrients (specifically nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater), their characteristics, and bioavailability in aquatic environments to help regulators make informed decisions. The nutrient challenge also presents data on nutrient removal performance to help treatment facility operators select sustainable, cost-effective methods and technologies to meet permit limits. Collaborated with dozens of utilities, consultants, regulators, and academics. Produced more than 10 research


reports and 14 workshops to disseminate findings. Developed a conceptual framework for a web-based information/technology transfer center to serve wastewater utilities and regulators across the country with accurate and up-to-date information nutrient removal technology, new and emerging technologies, and research on nutrient removal. Also prepared a state-of-the art water quality and nutrient removal Issues paper to capture key trends and challenges associated with nutrient removal.

Enhanced Biological Phosphorous Removal (EBPR) Survey and Investigation | Water Environment Research Foundation (WERF), Nationwide Conducted a two-year investigation of enhanced biological phosphorous removal (EBPR) facilities in an effort to identify and quantify parameters of wastewater composition, process design, and operational strategy critical for the success of biological phosphorus removal. Following the screening of 47 facilities, eight were selected for detailed intensive studies. The work determined the reliability of EBPR facilities to meet stringent permit limits and methods to improve the process performance. Field studies were conducted at: Clean Water Services’ Durham Wastewater Treatment Plant, Tigard Oregon; City of Orlando’s Iron Bridge and Reedy Creek wastewater treatment plants, Florida; Hampton Roads Sanitation Districts’ Virginia Initiative Plant and Nansemond Wastewater Treatment Plants, Virginia; Western Carolina Regional Sewer Authority’s Lower Reedy and Mauldin Road Wastewater Treatment Facilities in Greenville, South Carolina, and Charlotte Mecklenburg Utility District’s McDowell Creek Water Pollution Control Facility, Charlotte North Carolina. The study demonstrated the importance of influent waste characteristics on establishing stable EBPR performance. Recycle streams from solids handling facilities can have a dramatic impact on the process stability.

San Joaquin River Dissolved Oxygen (DO) Aeration | California Department of Water Resources, Stockton, California Performed a feasibility study and developed a mathematical model that allowed for process design and evaluation of three mechanical aeration technologies that add oxygen to the Stockton shipping channel. U-Tube, Speece cone, and bubble plume DO aeration technologies were evaluated, and U-Tube was selected for full-scale field testing. Also provided preliminary design of U-Tube process.

Aeration System Upgrade, Chemically Enhanced Primary Treatment (CEPT), and Tower Bypass | Delta Diablo, Antioch, California Provided process design for aeration system upgrades, CEPT, and tower bypass improvements at the 16.5 wastewater treatment plant. Aeration basin improvements were approximately $4.3 million in construction cost, and included replacement of the mechanical aerators in the aeration basins with a more energy-efficient and cost-effective fine-bubble aeration system. The diffused air system includes new aeration blowers, air piping, aeration diffusers, and ancillary electrical and instrumentation systems. The tower trickling filter bypass improvements involve retrofit of the existing flow equalization basin pumping system and piping to allow a portion of primary effluent around the trickling filters directly to the aeration basins. Bypassing the primary effluent around the aeration basins limits the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) loading to the trickling filters, thereby limiting odors. CEPT system improvements involve providing a storage and automated feed system to dose chemicals to the primary clarifiers to enhance existing primary treatment, resulting in improvement reliability of the wastewater treatment plant to maintain high effluent quality during periods of stress, such as during high flow conditions and when one of the secondary treatment units (aeration tanks, tower trickling filter, or secondary clarifier) must be taken out of service for maintenance or repair.

$27 Million Wastewater Treatment Plant Capacity Restoration | Oro Loma Sanitary District, San Lorenzo, California Provided process design support for $27 million upgrade of the 20 mgd wastewater treatment plant. Improvements included influent pumping station, headworks expansion, chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT), aeration tank modifications, three new 120-foot diameter secondary clarifiers, return activated sludge/waste activated sludge (RAS/WAS) pumping station, disinfection facility expansion, and digester heating improvements.


Water Pollution Control Plant Expansion Design | City of Pinole, California Provided process design support for upgrades at the Pinole/Hercules Water Pollution Control Plant, which were needed to meet new conditions in the renewed NPDES discharge permit that entail the elimination of blending of peak wet weather flows and use of the emergency outfall for peak wet weather flows less than 14.6 mgd. Improvements included influent pumping station, headworks, primary clarifier, aeration basins, secondary clarifiers, RAS/WAS pumping, disinfection, solids handling, effluent pumping, flood wall, and electrical facilities.

Aeration System Analysis | City of San Jose, California Aeration system analysis for San Jose-Santa Clara wastewater treatment plant as part of energy analysis for potential retrofit of coarse bubble aeration with fine bubble aeration system.

Russian River County Sanitation District Treatment Plant Third Unit Processes Project | Sonoma County Water Agency, Guerneville, California The Russian River County Sanitation District Wastewater Treatment Plant is located in Guerneville, California, on the Russian River, which is subject to extreme flooding during wet weather season. High infiltration and inflow flows during wet weather season can cause the treatment plant to exceed both the hydraulic and process capacities. Evaluated alternative treatment processes and operational wet weather strategies that can be used for handling peak flows that exceed the capacity of the plant. Performed bench-scale simulation of ACTIFLO. Provided technical review of process designed to provide a total treatment plant capacity of 3 mgd average dry weather flow and 3.5 mgd maximum wet weather flow. Modifications include a third unit process (extended aeration basin, secondary clarifier, and tertiary filter system), medium-bubble diffuser aeration system for the third aeration basin, additional blowers, piping, and blower building.

Coastal Treatment Plant Aeration Retrofit | South Orange County Wastewater Authority, Laguna Niguel, California Process engineer for predesign and design of aeration system retrofit at the 6.7 mgd Coastal Wastewater Treatment Plant. Five existing aeration basins with surface mechanical aerators were retrofitted to include Parkson fine bubble diffuser air panels, selector, and effluent gates. Improvements included new blower building with three centrifugal aeration blowers, dissolved oxygen (DO) control, new motor control center (MCC), metering weir gates at inlet points, new drain system for the west aeration basins, return activated sludge (RAS) chlorination system for bulking control, and all associated piping and appurtenances.

Wastewater Treatment Plant Expansion | City of Yuba City, California Performed process analysis and pretreatment evaluation for the wastewater treatment plant expansion projects, which included headworks, aeration basins, oxygen generation, digestion, and electrical system upgrades.

North Valley Wastewater Treatment Plant | Douglas County, Minden, Nevada Evaluated process improvement alternatives for the North Valley Wastewater Treatment Plant expansion from below 0.1 to 0.4 mgd to 1.6 mgd. Processes include headworks, septage receiving, and converting existing aerated lagoons to operate as activated sludge (BioLac type) system. An existing tricking filter is also used to provide needed capacity with chlorination for disinfection. Solids handling is achieved in a storage lagoon. Effluent from the plant is sent to wetlands.

Solids Contact Aeration Basin and Blower Building Relocation, Chlorine Contact Basin Expansion, and Thickened WAS Storage and Pumping | Minden Gardnerville Sanitation District, Minden, Nevada Process engineer for predesign and design of improvements to the 5 mgd wastewater treatment plant, which included relocation of the solids contact aeration basin and blower building, expansion of the chlorine contact basin to meet regulatory requirements for disinfection, new thickened waste activated sludge (WAS) storage basins and pumping facilities in the existing aeration basins, and emergency standby power to Pump Station No. 2.


$111 Million Blue Plains Advanced Wastewater Treatment Plant Secondary Treatment Facility Upgrades, Enhanced Nitrogen Removal North | DC Water, Washington, District of Columbia Process engineer for a series of upgrades to the 370 mgd Blue Plains Advanced Wastewater Treatment Plant, which included process mechanical upgrades to the dual-purpose sedimentation basins that incorporate waste nitrification sludge for bioaugmentation of the secondary activated sludge. Various coarse and fine bubble diffused air systems for the secondary aeration basins were evaluated. It was determined that coarse bubble diffusers would be sufficient for aeration in the secondary aeration system. Project also included a new filtrate treatment facility, which provides sidestream treatment of the high strength ammonia in the filtrate, which would otherwise require additional aeration and carbon addition in the mainstream process to maintain compliance with the enhanced nutrient removal requirements. The sidestream treatment process includes sequencing batch reactors (SBR) to process the filtrate using biological deammonification via the DEMON® process. Other improvements included pretreatment facilities for solids removal from the filtrate prior to feeding to the sequencing bath reactors. The pretreatment facilities include settling tanks with Lamalla plates, and foam suppression spray system for the sequencing batch reactor tanks.

2008 Columbia Falls Wastewater Treatment Plant Upgrades | City of Columbia Falls, Montana Process engineer during design of Phase I improvements to wastewater treatment plant, which included headworks improvements; conversion of the existing aeration basin to an equalization basin; construction of a new bioreactor; biosolids handling and storage improvements; addition of standby power generation; ultraviolet (UV) disinfection; SCADA; electrical, instrumentation and control; site work; miscellaneous improvements including laboratory and non-potable water.

Papillion Creek Wastewater Treatment Facilities Planning | City of Omaha, Nebraska Senior process engineer for evaluation of wastewater treatment system expansion options to expand the Papillion Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant to 88 mgd and enhance its treatment to meet new imposed ammonia limitations. Alternatives for expansion of the existing trickling filters, trickling filter/activated sludge (TF/AS), split treatment, and activated sludge processes were evaluated. Facility planning will included evaluation of enhanced primary clarification, solids handling expansion, scaled modeling of the trickling filter pumping station, and disinfection system improvements.

$149 Million Atlantic Wastewater Treatment Plant Expansion | Hampton Roads Sanitation District, Virginia Beach, Virginia Process analysis and design of improvements to expand the 36 mgd Atlantic Wastewater Treatment Plant to 54 mgd, with provisions for a future expansion to 72 mgd. Improvements included expansion of headworks with fine screening and vortex grit removal tanks, 12.3 million-gallon (MG) two-pass biological treatment aeration basin, relocation of the centrifuges adjacent to the cake storage pad to eliminate cake hauling operation (saving more than $250,000 in annual O&M costs), new centrifuge dewatering building, four new gravity belt thickeners for waste activated sludge (WAS) thickening, converting the biosolids holding tanks to acid-phase digester to increase volatile solids reduction by 10 percent (saving more than $200,000 annually in land application and dewatering chemical costs), conversion of six existing primary and secondary digesters to gas-phase digesters, blower facility, addition of two primary clarifiers, addition of two 160-foot-diameter secondary clarifiers and rehabilitation of four existing secondary clarifiers, two chlorine contact tanks, addition of one effluent pump, primary scum handling and concentration facility, plant drain pumping station, and distributed control system.

Edmonds Wastewater Treatment Plant | City of Edmonds, Washington Evaluated treatment plant capacity for an existing activated sludge wastewater treatment plant based on past operating experience. Evaluated alternatives for operating aeration system under current low loaded conditions to prevent blower surge and minimize excessive aeration.


Mount Vernon Wastewater Treatment Plant Upgrade | City of Mount Vernon, Washington Assisted with preparation of the comprehensive sewer plan, which identified wastewater treatment plant upgrades required to achieve combined sewer overflow (CSO) compliance and to increase its capacity from 10.8 mgd to 25.8 mgd. The plan also identified improvements to address the limited organic and solids handling capacity of the plant. Also provided process analysis and design of improvements to the wastewater treatment plant, which included new pretreatment building with headworks, influent screens, washer compactors, and grit basins; influent pumping station; two new primary clarifiers; modifications to existing aeration basin; two new secondary clarifiers; new ultraviolet (UV) disinfection system; effluent pumping station modifications; chemical feed system; chlorination system; dissolved air flotation thickener; anaerobic digesters; new odor control system, and site drainage and piping.

Pasco Wastewater Treatment Plant | City of Pasco, Washington Process evaluation and predesign for the city's plant to expand the existing trickling filter plant by adding solids contact activated sludge, or submerged rotating biological contactors to the liquid treatment processes. Plant is designed to meet seasonal nitrification requirements. Selected tricking filter/activated sludge process was the most cost effective solution. Activated sludge process includes selector design for bulking control. Also provided support during startup and training.

Secondary Clarifier Retrofits | Delta Diablo, Antioch, California Quality control reviewer for design of upgrades to five secondary clarifiers. The first upgrade includes modifications of two of the five clarifiers by installing a flocculating centerwell and a spiral scraper for sludge removal. Modifications to the clarifiers will include energy dissipating inlet (new or modified existing), flocculating feedwell, spiral scrapers, modification to uptake pipes, new drive, and blocking off three of four V-notches in the outer launder.

Secondary Clarifier Evaluations | Fairfield-Suisun Sewer District, Fairfield, California Technical review of hydraulic evaluations for four square clarifiers at the wastewater treatment plant. Modeling was performed using High Accuracy Clarifier Model (HACM). Each clarifier was 110 feet long with a side water depth of approximately 12 feet, and has a draft tube sludge removal mechanism.

Secondary Clarifiers | Sonoma County Water Agency, Sonoma, California Quality control reviewer for three new 140-foot-diameter secondary clarifiers.

Secondary Clarifier Evaluations | Union Sanitary District, Union City, California Provided quality assurance/quality control review for several secondary clarifier evaluations at Alvarado Wastewater Treatment Plant. Project included several field tests to identify problems that limited the secondary clarifier capacity, and hydraulic modeling of 90-foot-diameter and 120-foot-diameter square clarifiers.

Kihei Wastewater Reclamation Facility Optimization Study | County of Maui Wastewater Reclamation Division, Maui, Hawaii Conducted a plant-wide optimization study of the Kihei Wastewater Reclamation Facility, which is an activated sludge treatment facility that currently has a peak dry weather capacity of 8 mgd and includes flocculation and chemical feed units, effluent filtration, ultraviolet (UV) disinfection, and an operations building. Work also included stress testing and identification of hydraulic bottlenecks in the secondary clarifiers.

Wastewater Treatment Plant Repair, Renovation, and Expansion | City of Newberg, Oregon Process engineer for $44 million upgrade to the Newberg Wastewater Treatment Plant. Improvements were needed to support and meet the NPDES permit standards for the projected population of 45,000 through 2030. Improvements include a new off-site raw sewage pumping station, headworks (includes grit, screening, and flow metering and distribution), two additional oxidation ditches and repairs to the existing ditches, one additional secondary clarifier, effluent chlorination and de-chlorination treatment, correction of piping problems in the


outfall, solids processing systems improvements including dewatering upgrades and composting optimization, a new operations and administrative facility, and a new outfall manifold. To facilitate orderly implementation and phasing of the upgrades, the project is being delivered through the Construction Manager/General Contractor (CM/GC) methodology.

Disinfection Options Study | Carmel Area Wastewater District, California Quality control reviewer for a disinfection options study for wastewater treatment plant. Studied options to upgrade and/or replace chlorine disinfection, improve reliability, and reduce TDS/SAR in the reclaimed water.

2005 Los Alisos Water Reclamation Plant Upgrade | Irvine Ranch Water District, Irvine, California Provided process analysis and design of improvement to expand the Los Alisos Water Reclamation Plant from 6 to 7.5 mgd. Improvements include upgrade of the pond treatment system to handle an average-day flow rate of up to 7.8 mgd, expansion of the on-site chlorine contact facilities to meet Title 22 chlorine contact time requirements without reliance on the hydraulic retention time in the transmission lines, expansion of the influent screening capacity and addition of associated odor control facilities, installation of flow split to allow Ponds 1 and 2 to operate in parallel, modifications of Ponds 3 and 4 outlets, expansion of Pond 5 pumping station, automation of the tertiary treatment process (through installation of equipment, control valves and associated controls), modification of the controls for coagulant and polymer feeds to allow flow pacing, chlorine feed system upgrade to meet code requirements, new 500,000-gallon chlorine contact tank, new hypochlorite feed system to replace the current chlorine gas system, new Zone B reclaimed water pumping station, plant-wide electrical system upgrade, and installation of hardware and software systems to convert plant Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system to district standards.

Disinfection Troubleshooting at Ignacio Wastewater Treatment Plant | Novato Sanitary District, California Performed quality control review, troubleshooting, and process review services for disinfection problems at the Novato Sanitary District, California, Ignacio Wastewater Treatment Plant. Project included development of a program for temporary resolution of problems, followed by construction of new facilities.

Disinfection Problem Evaluation and Field Studies at Hangtown Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant | City of Placerville, California Evaluated disinfection problems and performed full-scale field studies at the Hangtown Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant after transition between non-nitrifying and nitrifying operating modes. Alternative corrective actions evaluated included creating monochloramines, using ultraviolet (UV) as a disinfectant, and controlling the process to stabilize nitrification.

Disinfection Contact Basin | Regional San, Elk Grove, California Provided predesign services for a new disinfection contact basin at the Sacramento Regional Wastewater Treatment Plant, which will provide reliable disinfection and consistent compliance with regulatory discharge requirements. Project includes: (1) preparation of a contingency plan to expedite conversion of the Sacramento Regional Wastewater Treatment Plant from gaseous chlorine and sulfur dioxide to sodium hypochlorite and sodium bisulfite, respectively; (2) preparation of testing protocols; (3) evaluation of alternative disinfection approaches, including for chlorine (gas) with new disinfection contact basin, sodium hypochlorite with new disinfection contact basin, ozone, ultraviolet (UV) light, chlorine versus hypochlorite, bromine, and chlorine (gas) without a disinfection contact basin; (4) identification of design criteria and potential future uses for the disinfection contact basins; (5) identification of other improvements that can be included with the project, which include modifications to the existing chlorine storage and equipment, new sampling stations, new sulfur dioxide or sodium bisulfite dechlorination facility, decommissioning or modification to the existing dechlorination facility, relocation of major site utilities, extension of existing site utilities (water, power, SCADA ), general site improvements (paving, drainage), and other needed improvements related to implementation of the disinfection contact basins; (6) hydraulic analysis to determine hydraulic energy requirements for the disinfection contact


basin and various process options, and establish the appropriate hydraulic grade line for the project; (7) identification of potential sites for near-term and future facilities; (8) identification of the recommended project; and (9) preparation of the predesign technical memoranda.

UCD Wastewater Treatment Plant Predesign- University of California, Davis Provided process evaluation and prepared predesign for a new 2.5 mgd wastewater treatment plant. Predesign report recommended forced vortex grit removal system with a centrifugal classifier and screw-type dewatering device to remove heavy solids abrasive materials from the plant influent; conventional oxidation ditch for secondary treatment (biological) process (aerated lagoons were also considered and evaluated); chlorine gas for the disinfection process (sodium hypochlorite, chlorine dioxide, ozone, and ultraviolet (UV) radiation were also considered and evaluated for the disinfection process); sand filtration for advanced wastewater treatment (wetlands treatment was also considered and evaluated); disposal of the treated plant effluent to Putah Creek through a new outfall; sludge storage (with aerators for mixing, prevent septicity, and achieve additional stabilitation) to dampen sludge flows to subsequent process, allow accumulation during periods when other sludge processing facilities are not operating, and provide a degree of thickening; belt filter press for thickening and dewatering (centrifuges and sand drying beds were also considered and evaluated); in-plant wastewater pumping and septage receiving station near the headworks; and administrative/maintenance building (includes office space, laboratory facilities, storage, training and meeting space, maintenance and tool facilities, lockers, toilets, and electrical and mechanical equipment housing).

Nelson Complex Facilities Performance Evaluation | Johnson County Wastewater, Kansas Provided process analysis for a study that evaluated the performance of the 8 mgd Turkey Creek and 7 mgd Mission Main wastewater treatment plants, both of which provide trickling filter secondary treatment prior to ultraviolet (UV) disinfection of the combined treatment facility effluents, and are experiencing problems with NPDES Permit compliance with regard to suspended solids and fecal coliform discharge limits. Evaluated alternatives that would enhance settling characteristics and improve UV system performance. Alternatives for improving solids capture, reducing the probability of washing small solids through the plant, and enhancing increased particle size formation were investigated. Also investigated various issues impacting UV performance, which included total suspended solids (TSS) reduction in the effluent, channel turbulence, air entrainment, and iron concentration in the effluent.

Total Residual Chlorine Reduction Improvements, Coney Island and North River Wastewater Treatment Plants | New York City Department of Environmental Protection, New York Assisted with process design of dechlorination facilities at the Coney Island and North River wastewater treatment plants to meet the new total residual chlorine (TRC) limits in the plants' State Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (SPDES) permits. The project included a new dechlorination building and integration of the process into the existing wastewater treatment plant. The project also included CFD modeling and optimization for the influent flows into the existing chlorine contact tanks.

Disinfection Troubleshooting at McAlpine Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant | Charlotte Mecklenburg Utilities District, North Carolina Provided troubleshoot services for the difficulties experienced in meeting disinfection requirements at the McAlpine Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant. Filtered secondary effluent is chlorinated and flows through a large contact basin to meet a 200 MPN/100 mL fecal coliform limit. Investigated the disinfection efficiency of chlorine in the contact basin. Determined that solids accumulated in the basin due to its large size (18 MG), which resulted in energy overflows bypassing filtration, bird nesting, and other sources. The basin was approximately 50 percent full of sludge, thus contributing to elevated coliform levels. Sampling of the basin revealed increased coliform levels along the basin. The basin was cleaned and split chlorination was used to meet effluent limits.


Spokane County Regional Water Reclamation Facility Design Build | Spokane County, Spokane, Washington Assisted with preparation of a facility plan, preliminary design, and design-build-operate (DBO) procurement process for a new reclamation facility designed to meet the lowest effluent phosphorus limits in the nation at 0.010 mg/L in a membrane bioreactor (MBR) plant combined with effluent reuse, aquifer recharge, and wetlands restoration. The facility will have an initial capacity of 8 mgd, expanding in 2015 to 12 mgd. The plant includes two influent pumping stations, influent flow measurement, septage handling, headworks with two mechanical bar screens, forced vortex grit removal basins, screenings washer and compactor, two primary clarifiers, anaerobic digesters, two membrane bioreactors, ultraviolet (UV) disinfection, effluent flow measurement, cascade aerator, future reclaimed pumping station, outfall, chemical feed system, waste activated sludge (WAS) thickening, liquid biosolids storage, digester gas management, two high-solids centrifuges for dewatering, dewatered biosolids storage, and centrate storage. DBO documents prepared included request for proposal and request for qualifications.

Biosolids Master Plan | Irvine Ranch Water District, Irvine, California Process engineer during preparation of a biosolids master plan for Michelson Water Reclamation Plant and Los Alisos Water Reclamation Plant. Identified goals and objectives for solids digesters, dryer, and the energy efficiency plan. Determined solids production estimates and mass balance models. Reviewed and verified current and proposed solids handling costs for discharging solids to Orange County Sanitation District. Developed and evaluated alternatives to optimize solids digestion and drying at Michelson plant and solids handling at Los Alisos plant. Explored public/private partnerships solids handling opportunities, requirements, costs, and benefits. Completed preliminary design of selected solids handling recommendation and carbon footprint analysis.

Sludge Dewatering and Odor Control at Plant No. 1 (Job P1-101) | Orange County Sanitation District, Fountain Valley, California Provided technical input for process design of new $127 million thickening and dewatering facilities at Plant No. 1. Project included replacing the existing sludge dewatering systems with a new system; incorporating high solids centrifuge technology; replacing odor control systems serving the dewatering, solids storage, and dissolved air floatation thickener (DAFT) areas; and upgrading sludge pumping, sludge cake conveyance, sludge cake pumping, centrate conveyance, chemical handling, foul air ventilation and utility water systems.

Operations and Maintenance (O&M) Manual | City of Las Vegas, Nevada Updated the O&M manual to include improvements made to expand the water pollution control facility to 91 mgd. Prepared the solids dewatering and digested sludge storage sections of the O&M manual.

Avon Wastewater Treatment Plant Biosolids Expansion and Improvements | Eagle River Water and Sanitation District, Vail, Colorado Conducted a planning study to evaluate system-wide alternatives to comply with upcoming Regulation 85 and 31 limits. The evaluation included program alternatives that considered cost-effective means to treat both liquid and solid streams at each of the district’s three wastewater treatment plants. Flow and load projections were developed; liquid and solids stream processes were evaluated; and costs were developed. Improvements included a new headworks facility with screening and grit removal, fermentation process with odor control biotower, a biological nutrient removal (BNR) reactor basin complex (5-stage Bardenpho) with two new suction style secondary clarifiers, an ultraviolet (UV) disinfection system, and a new administration building with offices and certified laboratory.

Long-Term Biosolids Master Plan | Howard County, Ellicott City, Maryland Recent and emerging regulatory changes in Maryland that prohibit winter land application and possibly prohibit continued application of biosolids on a large number of farm fields in Maryland threaten the long-term viability and cost-effectiveness of the county’s current biosolids management practices.Assisted with update of the long-


term biosolids master plan for the Little Patuxent Water Reclamation Plant, an enhanced nutrient removal treatment facility with a current permitted design capacity of 25 mgd. The project included evaluation and screening of solids stabilization and processing technologies, biosolids products and end use markets, and related product requirements. Alternatives included: (1) advanced alkaline stabilization (RDP process); (2) mesophilic anaerobic digestion, with added processing for Class A stabilization; (3) temperature-phased thermophilic anaerobic digestion; (4) thermal hydrolysis plus mesophilic anaerobic digestion; (5) thermal drying, including indirect dryers, direct drum dryers, direct belt dryers; and (6) composting (off-site only). Based on the conceptual design evaluation and discussions at workshops, anaerobic digestion and heat drying was adopted as the recommended alternative for long-term biosolids management.

Western Branch Wastewater Treatment Plant Biosolids Management | Washington Suburban Sanitary Commission (WSSC), Upper Marlboro, Maryland Technical advisor for evaluation of alternatives for upgrading the biosolids management system as a result of new biosolids land application regulations that reduced the amounts of nutrients that can be land applied and eliminated land application during the winter season. The project evaluated the impacts of these new regulations have on WSSC's biosolids plans and provided evaluations and analysis of possible options for compliance. Three possible modifications were evaluated: (1) continue with current plans for a regional biosolids processing facility and improve the incineration facilities to comply with the new SSI MACT regulations; (2) discontinue incineration and incorporate all biosolids into a larger (90 DTPD) centralized biosolids processing facility; and (3) continue with current plans for a regional biosolids processing facility, discontinue incineration, and utilize lime stabilization and land application in lieu of incineration. Recommended improvements were subsequently designed, which included improvements to the existing SSIs so that they can meet the new Section 129 regulations, as well as new wet electrostatic precipitators and regenerative thermal oxidizers and additional incinerator improvements.

Solids Treatment and Handling Plan | City of Lincoln, Nebraska Developed a comprehensive solids treatment and handling plan for the Theresa Street and Northeast wastewater treatment facilities to supplement their current master planning efforts and provide recommendations for their capital improvement program (CIP). Project included an in-depth evaluation of all aspects of the solids handling facilities.

Northeast Wastewater Treatment Plant Solids Handling and Process Improvements | City of Lincoln, Nebraska Process analysis and design of improvements to the solids handling and stabilization facilities at the plant. Design conversion of secondary anaerobic digester to primary digester that is mixed using a high-efficiency, slow-speed mechanical mixer mounted to a new concrete digester roof. Also designed conversion of aerobic digesters to sludge storage tanks that provide flexibility in the scheduling of sludge thickening operations and allow for a fairly continuous feed of solids to the anaerobic digesters, thereby minimizing process upsets.

Gravity Thickener Study and Solids Handling Operations Review | Passaic Valley Sewerage Commissioners, Newark, New Jersey Assisted with implementation of a sampling plan and engineering analysis to evaluate the performance of the facility’s 12 100-foot diameter gravity thickeners and optimize the thickener system performance. Gravity thickener testing involved separating PSL/merchant sludge from the waste activated sludge (WAS) to determine impact on the thickener performance and underflow concentration. Mass balances based on plant performance data and test results were constructed to determine centrifuge loading. In addition, the entire three-stage sludge handling process was reviewed to determine key operational and process changes to coordinate operations and improve process performance. Design drawings for upgrades to the solid handling process was prepared.


Atlantic Treatment Plant Cambi Thermal Hydrolysis Process (THP) & Fats, Oils and Grease (FOG) | Hampton Roads Sanitation District, Virginia Beach, Virginia Assisted with preliminary engineering to implement FOG receiving, improve biosolids cake dewaterability, and produce a Class A product by processing through the Cambi THP system to increase the effective capacity of the existing digesters and cake storage facilities, and improve product odor and stackability. Project included sludge screening through 5 mm screens, centrifuge pre-dewatering upstream of the THP, a new steam generation plant and cooling heat exchanger system, and odor control upgrades to support the THP. The FOG receiving includes screening, storage, heating and feeding to THP to increase on-site energy production. Provisions for future foreign biosolids receiving were included.

Water Pollution Control Facility NPDES Permit Limits Study | Hastings Utilities, Hastings, Nebraska Evaluated the necessary improvements to the existing primary and secondary treatment systems at the Hastings Utilities Water Pollution Control Facilityith a consideration of meeting lower ammonia nitrogen limits along with community growth for the existing NPDES permit cycle. Consideration was given to how the facility could achieve those limits in the long-term and how the short-term improvements would move Hastings Utilities closer to achieving those goals.

Coliform Evaluation for Deer Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant | El Dorado Irrigation District, Placerville, California Assisted the district in modifying the Deer Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant NPDES permit limitations for coliform bacteria and CBOD and TSS mass loading. Developed alternatives and cost estimates for additional treatment required to meet various possible treatment units.

San Luis Obispo Program Management for Water Reclamation Facility Upgrade | City of San Luis Obispo, California Program management services for upgrades to the city's 5.1 mgd dry weather (22 mgd wet weather) water reclamation facility. Upgrades are needed to meet discharge limits, replace aged facilities, and meet General Plan buildout. The revised discharge limits require the city to remove nutrients and disinfection by-products before discharging water to San Luis Obispo Creek. Program management services provided included: (1) setting a framework to how to approach sustainability; (2) procuring web-based program management information system (PMIS) to manage project documentation, status, controls, and correspondence; (3) preparing a waste characterization study; (4) performing a disinfection system; (5) performing an asset planning and rehabilitation study; (6) performing a regulatory compliance study; (7) performing a capacity consideration study; (8) providing infrastructure planning; (9) providing environmental documentation and permitting assistance; (10) preparing a master plan; and (11) providing support for review of the system-wide conceptual alternatives study, site planning study, and energy efficiency and renewable generation study. The asset planning and rehabilitation study included development of an asset inventory to document the age, operating efficiency, and maintenance issues associated with the existing facilities; a condition assessment of existing facilities that have high probability of failure to determine the required level of rehabilitation or replacement; and preparation of a summary report identifying recommendations for future rehabilitation and/or replacement of major equipment and structures. Support during the review and negotiation of the city’s draft NPDES permit was provided, which included providing written comments for the City’s use during negotiation, providing recommendations regarding permit strategies (e.g., effluent averaging periods) and assumptions for potential future changes (e.g., blending), and identifying other limits (e.g., micro constituents, N-nitrosodimethylamine [NDMA], pyrethroid, etc.) that may be important for consideration. NPDES permit requirements and other applicable permit requirements (air emissions, etc.) were summarized in a technical memorandum. The capacity consideration study identified the water reclamation facility capacity requirements, and included an analysis of future recycled water demands and reclamation capacity needs, as well as flow equalization capacity needs. Capacity considerations included flow management and equalization considerations (dry weather and peak wet weather) for treatment management and energy demand optimization, liquid treatment to meet the regulatory requirements and resource recovery goals, and solids handling and resource recovery options. Infrastructure


planning included development of an onsite stormwater management plan that allows site drainage and landscape to follow the principles of low-impact development features while providing flood protection. Low-impact development techniques that were applied included vegetated swales, buffers, and strips, permeable pavers, rooftop gardens, rain gardens, and/or bio-retention. A hydrologic analysis was performed to evaluate drainage area, impervious area, soil conditions, precipitation, land use, and headworks to develop peak discharges. Identified SCADA system, electrical, and power system improvements needed to support the water reclamation facility. Automated control for disinfection chemicals, aeration system dissolved oxygen control, return activated sludge (RAS) and waste activated sludge (WAS) pumping rates, and raw sludge pumping was included. A preliminary load study was prepared identifying the preliminary standby power requirements. An access and security plan was developed that incorporated public access for routine plant operations (deliveries, vendor visits, etc.) as well as public access to the interpretive center and potential amphitheater. The plan addressed staff access within the plant, including access routes and access to buildings. Perimeter fencing, access control (buildings and perimeter), and overall plant security were also addressed. Identified the anticipated level of California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) and/or National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) documentation required. A permitting plan was developed that identified the required Federal, State, and local permits required for the project. Developed a calibrated mass balance model (Envision) of the wastewater treatment plant, created a hydraulic model using Visual Hydraulics to estimate the plant hydraulic profile and energy grade line for the liquid stream, and evaluated treatment process alternatives to optimize life-cycle cost and supporting features of the new treatment facilities to achieve the city’s objectives. Process alternatives were developed and evaluated for primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment. The process alternatives included preliminary treatment, primary treatment, secondary treatment, filtration, disinfection, solids thickening, solids dewatering, gas management, and odor control systems. CFD modeling was performed for the primary and secondary clarifiers.

Sonoma Valley Wastewater Treatment Plant Dry Flow Capacity Analysis | Sonoma County Water Agency, Sonoma, California Provided quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) of a treatment capacity analysis and engineering report prepared for review and approval by the Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB).

Tertiary Plant Pilot and Technical Studies, and Predesign | City of Stockton, California Technical advisor for technical studies and predesign services for the wastewater tertiary treatment improvements. Technical studies met the requirements of the city-issued Central Valley Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB) Time Schedule Order No. R5-2013-0101 and included dissolved air flotation thickener (DAFT) optimization, tertiary filter evaluation, and disinfection optimization. An executive summary was prepared for submission to the RWQCB summarizing the bench-scale studies performed for the DAFT, tertiary filter, and disinfection systems. The executive summary included current performance data for the filters, polymer vendor results from DAFT testing, chlorine contact basin cover bench-scale demonstration results, chlorine contact basin cover recommendation, hypochlorite dose response study result, hypochlorite step feed dose response study result, PAA dose response study result, PAA/chlorine sequential dose response study results, ultraviolet transmittance (UVT) monitoring results, UV dose response study results, and mixing CFD modeling, including the base model and one alternative induction mechanism modeling result. A technical report was prepared summarizing the full-scale and pilot studies performed for the DAFT, tertiary filter, and disinfection systems. The technical report provided design direction and establish design basis for selected process and technology, and included evaluation of current performance of filters, filter structural evaluation results and column testing results, feasibility of sending filter backwash and DAFT return flows to the main plant, vendor polymer results and validation of polymer results, polymer activation and storage results, DAFT piloting results, DAFT condition assessment results, sequential chlorination full-scale study result, sequential PAA/chlorination full-scale study results, PAA/UV hybrid pilot study result, and SCADA integration recommendations for disinfection, DAFT, and filters. The predesign report detailed the proposed design for the tertiary plant facilities project.


Pollution Prevention Plan Implementation Assistance | City of Stockton, California Provided quality control for pollution prevention plan. Project included estimating pollutant sources of total dissolved solids (TDS), inorganic pollutants (copper and cyanide), human carcinogens, mercury, Group A pesticides, and diazinon that contribute, or potentially contribute, to the loading of the Regional Wastewater Control Facility; development of a sampling plan that allows city staff to collect and test samples to determine the actual loads coming from identified potential sources; assessing potential methods and their effectiveness for reducing loadings to prevent or reduce the discharge of pollutants to the treatment plant; developing a monitoring plan; and identifying goals, strategies, costs, and timelines for the most effective methods.

TMDL Technology Assessment | City of Coeur D'Alene, Idaho Investigated potential technology capable of treating extremely low phosphorus concentrations at the wastewater treatment plant, and meeting Spokane River discharge permit requirements.

TMDL Technology Assessment | Spokane County, Spokane, Washington Investigated potential technology capable of treating extremely low phosphorus concentrations at the wastewater treatment plant, and meeting Spokane River discharge permit requirements.

Recycled Water Feasibility Study | Central Contra Costa Sanitary District, Martinez, California Provided technical input for a feasibility study to evaluate alternatives for providing reclaimed water for industrial use. Modular/package systems that can remove ammonia, provide filtration, and provide disinfection were evaluated. Alternatives were evaluated based on water source for treatment process (i.e. primary effluent, secondary effluent, etc.), location and size of unit processes, additional yard piping and pumping needs, supply to industrial user pumps, solids production and disposal, power needs. chemical requirements, additional ancillary equipment, advantages and disadvantages, ability to implement the system in four month or less from decision to proceed with installation, ability to utilize an alternative project delivery approach such as design-build, relative level of reliability, capital costs (planning level estimates), and operations and maintenance (O&M) costs.

Visioning Panel – Dublin San Ramon Services District, Dublin, California Participated in a review panel selected by the District to evaluate new developments and technologies in wastewater resource recovery facilities and recommend which of these technologies should be considered for the District future. Resource recovery technologies included nutrient recovery, biosolids recovery, and beneficial usage, and water recovery for reuse, including indirect and direct potable reuse applications.

Phase I Reclaimed Water Dechlorination Stations | Irvine Ranch Water District, Irvine, California Provided process engineering services to analyze the existing reclaimed water dechlorination system and evaluate and test alternatives to reduce chlorine requirements while meeting Title 22 coliform limits. Alternative disinfection processes or modifications were evaluated, and a cost-effective alternative was recommended.

Recycled Water Production Cost Estimate | City of Watsonville, California Developed operations and maintenance (O&M) cost estimate worksheets associated with the recycled water treatment facilities.

On-Call Emergency Assistance | Carmel Area Wastewater District, Carmel, California Provided on-call emergency assistance after the District was unable to provide golf course irrigation water during the U.S. Open at Pebble Beach, which was receiving world-wide television coverage. Evaluated difficulties in the district's secondary and tertiary treatment processes (specifically coagulation/flocculation) at the wastewater treatment plant.

Tower Tricking Filters Evaluation and Cost Estimates | Delta Diablo, Antioch, California Evaluated four options for the tower tricking filters (TTFs) and for biological treatment at Delta Diablo to identify the most cost-effective and treatment-effective method for its wastewater treatment plant. Project included flow


and load analysis, and preparation of planning-level estimated be developed for the following options: Option 1 - TTF Rehabilitation: Rehabilitate the four existing TTFs for an additional 30 years of service life, assuming one TTF to be rehabilitated annually. Option 2 - TTF Removal: Demolish the four existing TTFs and move to a single-stage biological treatment process (increased aeration basin capacity) to meet treatment requirements and provide an additional 30 years of life. Option 3 - TTF Replacement with New TTFs: Demolish the four existing TTFs and replace them with new TTFs with reduced maintenance needs (i.e., concrete TTFs). New TTFs shall fit in the existing TTF footprint, or smaller. Option 4 - TTF Replacement with New Process: Demolish the four existing TTFs and replace them with a new process/equipment system (i.e., membrane bioreactor). The new treatment process proposed is anticipated to meet future regulatory requirements.

Donald C. Tillman Water Reclamation Plant Tertiary Filtration Upgrade and Flow Equalization Concept Report | City of Los Angeles, California Provided quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) and technical input of process engineering services during preparation of a concept report, which involved evaluation of tertiary filtration upgrade options and flow equalization options for the Donald C. Tillman Water Reclamation Plant. A comprehensive evaluation of potential technologies used to produce water with a quality that meets (Title 22) regulatory standards for specific uses was included in the study, as well as evaluation of flow equalization alternatives address high peaking factors from wet weather events.

Preliminary and Primary Treatment Improvements | City of San Mateo, California Provided quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) during conceptual planning of preliminary and primary treatment facilities at the 15.7 mgd San Mateo/Estero Municipal Improvement District Wastewater Treatment Plant. The new preliminary treatment facility includes screenings, grit removal, and odor control. The new primary treatment facilities include primary clarifiers, chemical facilities (ferric chloride and polymer) and odor control.

Soldotna Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluent Study | City of Soldotna, Alaska Evaluated effluent options for the city’s wastewater treatment plant and its impact to Kenai River, treatment processes to determine improvements needed to meet future requirements and wastewater flows, and nine wastewater disposal options.

Mille Lasc Band of the Ojibwe Indians Wastewater Treatment Plant and Collection System | ML Wastewater Management, Inc., Onamia, Minnesota Provided process review and quality control for design of the new sequencing batch reactor (SBR) for the 625,000 gpd wastewater treatment plant, which is owned by the Corporate Commission of the Mille Lacs Band of the Ojibwe Indians, and treats and transports wastewater received from their residents and casino.

Struvite Investigation | City of Bozeman, Montana Provided quality assurance/quality control for study that determined the impact of struvite formation on operations, reviewed alternatives and made recommendations for eliminating the problem, and evaluated the impact of possible future process changes.

Wastewater Treatment Plant Evaluation | Navajo Engineering & Construction Authority and Indian Health Services (IHS), Shiprock, New Mexico Evaluated the existing wastewater treatment plant to assess current and future improvements. The evaluation revealed that capacity, lack of redundancy, and inefficient and outdated processes were the key issues for future development. Developed a four-phase modular plan that allows improvements to be made incrementally as funding becomes available or as permitting requirements change.


Mallard Creek, Sugar Creek, and Irvwin Creek Wastewater Treatment Plants | Charlotte-Mecklenburg Utilities, Charlotte, North Carolina Provided quality assurance/quality control for process modeling analysis performed for the Mallard Creek, Sugar Creek, and Irwin Creek wastewater treatment plants.

Durham Advanced Wastewater Treatment Facility Tertiary Treatment Systems Improvements | Clean Water Service, Tigard, Oregon Completed a comprehensive evaluation of the alternatives to improve the reliability and performance of the existing tertiary treatment system. Filter testing was performed to assess current filter media underdrains and launders as well as optimize filter operation strategy. Jar testing support was also provided to optimize existing concentrations of coagulant and polymers as well as test new coagulants polymers and addition points. Filter rehabilitation alternatives were evaluated based on capital cost and life-cycle cost operations cost process compatibility performance reliability operability sustainability and preliminary phasing. Determined that rehabilitation improvements were needed for Filters 1-4 and 9-13 which included adjusting backwash time and flow rates for filters to enhance performance cleaning the filters performing core sampling and calculations to determine quantity and type of new media to be added to filter beds inspecting the filter equipment and instrumentation to verify proper working order and calibration making repairs or replacement of malfunction equipment/instruments to improve filter operation and monitoring and changing set points and making slight modifications to the existing filter programming. Improvements were also made to the polymer system water champ mixing and chemical sludge recycling systems. Provided preliminary design of the recommended improvements.

Virginia Initiative Plant | Hampton Roads Sanitation District, Virginia Beach, Virginia Conducted a foam and odor control evaluation for the Virginia Initiative Plant.

Training at Lakota Wastewater Treatment Plant | Lake Haven Water and Sewer District, Washington Reviewed existing plant performance data. Evaluated capacity of secondary treatment process. Provide spreadsheet modeling of secondary treatment process to determine potential for rerating the plant to a higher loading.

West Richland Wastewater Treatment Plant Expansion | City of West Richland, Washington Provided quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) review of wastewater treatment plant expansion process design.

Wastewater Lagoon Rehabilitation | City of Kennewick, Washington Process analysis and design of improvements to update the city’s lined wastewater lagoon.

Ozone, BAF, and Membrane Cost Estimates | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Assisted with development of a guidance manual for generating cost estimates for construction, operations, and maintenance of ozone treatment, biologically activated filters (BAFs), and microfiltration, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, and submerged membranes.

Sewage Treatment Program Assistance | City of Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada Served on a panel of experts to provide advice regarding the process selection step of the city's extension, upgrade, refurbishment of the wastewater treatment plant. Four process options were preselected and evaluated.

Long-Term Control Plan for Combined Sewer Overflow/Sanitary Sewer Overflow System (CSO/SSO) Program Management | City of Omaha, Nebraska Team member of the program management team that aided the city in developing a long-term control plan for its CSO/SSO system. The purpose of the long-term control plan was to address the best approach to reduce


water quality impacts from the CSOs to aid in implementation of the Environmental Protection Agency's CSO control policy.

Oxygen Transfer Tests and Aeration Basin Capacity Evaluation | Central Contra Costa Sanitary District, California Performed oxygen transfer tests and evaluated aeration basin capacity. Used 48 hours of full-scale performance data under diurnal loadings combined with a model of the activated sludge system to determine the system capacity.

Oxygen Transfer Efficiency Testing and Capacity Assessment | Irvine Ranch Water District, California Performed oxygen transfer efficiency testing and capacity assessment. A 24-hour field study was conducted to determine process performance under diurnal load and aeration equipment (submerged turbine) oxygen transfer efficiency. The activated sludge is shut down between 12:00 p.m. and 6:00 p.m., with primary effluent diverted to flow equalization to shift peak energy demand to reduce operating costs

Las Vegas Water Pollution Control Facility Stress Testing | City of Las Vegas, Nevada Provided hydraulic and process stress testing services for the 91 mgd water pollution control facility, which included the denitrification and biological nutrient removal processes, to determine the true treatment limitations of the plant. Several months of onsite flow and process scenario testing were combined with calibrated modeling to obtain results.

Full-Scale Testing for Las Vegas Water Pollution Control Facility | City of Las Vegas, Nevada Performed full-scale testing of new wastewater facilities to certify treatment capacity for water pollution control facility. Processes included activated sludge, aeration, secondary clarification, and filtration. Based on field tests and data collected under stress testing conditions, the plant capacity was determined for each individual unit process (including octagonal secondary clarifiers). Results from the study identified filtration as key process for future expansion, while upgrading the rated capacity of the activated sludge system from 48 to 61 mgd, based on field tests.

Pappio Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant Model | City of Omaha, Nebraska Evaluated treatment plant capacity for trickling filter/solids contact wastewater treatment plant for the Pappio Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant. Base assessment on prior operating data to calibrate process model. Process includes thermophilic anaerobic sludge digestion to achieve Class A sludge.

Process Analysis and Field Testing for Silver City Wastewater Treatment Plant | City of Silver City, New Mexico Process analysis and field testing for the oxidation ditch process. Conducted field testing to measure the denitrification kinetics and determine the process capacity for nitrification and biological nutrient removal (BNR). Modified process operation by changing the number and type brushes in services to enhance denitrfication and meet 10 mg/L total nitrogen limit. Future expansion for process includes separate state anoxic basin, incorporated into present oxidation ditch to increase capacity to 2.2 mgd.

Stress Testing at Durham Wastewater Treatment Plant | Clean Water Services, Tigard, Oregon Performed stress testing to demonstrate the enhanced nitrification capabilities of the new aeration basin at Durham Wastewater Treatment Plant, and compared with the existing aeration basins. This study identified the advantages of plug flow arrangement in process kinetics to achieve low effluent ammonia concentrations. Calibrated model simulations showed that it was more cost effective to install baffles in the train that to expand with a new facility. The study also evaluated secondary biological and tertiary chemical phosphorus removal as practiced at the plant and showed that automated control of tertiary chemical dose to achieve the permit required 0.07 mg/L TP, could reduce the chemical and solids handling costs significantly.


Membrane Pilot Testing | City of Healdsburg, California Quality control review of three membrane filtration pilot tests (both conventional and submerged technologies) using effluent from the city’s existing secondary treatment plant. Tests were conducted to determine whether advanced wastewater treatment levels could be achieved using effluent from the existing facultative and settling pond system.

Sacramento Regional Wastewater Treatment Plant Pilot Testing Technology Selection | Regional San, Elk Grove, California Assisted the district with selecting viable candidate treatment processes to pilot test at the Sacramento Regional Wastewater Treatment Plant for compliance with the new NPDES permit. Three workshops were conducted with district staff and other experts, and a summary report was prepared documenting the findings of the workshops.

Process Validation Study for Wastewater Treatment Plant No. 1 | Orange County Sanitation District, Fountain Valley, California Developed a process testing plan that identified a phased approach to test the nitrification-denitrification operation. The process testing plan consisted of three test phases. Phase 1 represents initial flow conditions with 10 aeration basins in service at a 60/40 step-feed flow split. Phase 2 takes two basins out of service to increase the flow and load per basin. Phase 3 involves switching the system to a 40/60 step-feed flow split and increasing the flow to design conditions with all ten basins in service. It was determined that the facility met design expectations by demonstrating that at similar flow and load conditions, the plant could achieve full nitrification with effluent ammonia below 1 mg N/L and desired effluent water quality with the exception of effluent nitrate.

Pilot Study at Lake Arrowhead | University of California, Los Angeles Pilot study on the use of treated municipal effluent to augment water levels at Lake Arrowhead. Treated water quality had to exceed water quality in the lake consisting essentially of unpolluted snowmelt. The pilot plant includes ozone, filters, granular activated carbon (GAC), ultrafiltration, disinfection by-products (DBP), and reverse osmosis to remove organics, nutrients, and total dissolved solids. Pilot plant included biological fluidized bed reactor to remove nitrate. Carbon source (methanol) added to enhance denitrification. This advanced wastewater treatment (AWT) scheme will reclaim wastewater and produce an effluent quality suitable for augmenting the drinking water supply of the community.

Low Phosphorus Demonstration Pilot Facility | City of Coeur d'Alene, Idaho Provided process engineering support for a two-year demonstration pilot to help select the treatment technology or technologies for the wastewater treatment plant to meet lower effluent phosphorus limits under new NPDES permit limits. The three technologies that were demonstrated included membrane bioreactors (MBR), two-stage continuous upflow media filtration, and tertiary membrane filtration. The primary objectives of the pilot were to demonstrate the ability of the tested technology to meet monthly average 10 µg/L and 50 µg/L effluent total phosphorus limits, and to gather all necessary design information for a full-scale installation. Parkson Dynasand filters were pilot tested. Some of the specific tasks and goals included: (1) comparing the different technologies side-by-side; (2) demonstrating local phosphorus removal performance; (3) determining limits of each technology for the conditions at Coeur d'Alene; and (4) determining the ability to adsorb diurnal load fluctuations and peak load events. Final selection of the process type and treatment plant arrangement was made based on the outcome of this pilot program and the wastewater facility planning.

Mallard Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant Pilot Test | Charlotte Mecklenburg Utility District, North Carolina Performed a pilot test at Mallard Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant of membrane bioreactor (MBR) to treat centrate return from the dewatering equipment at the Irwin Creek plant for ammonia removal, while serving dual purpose as a waste activated sludge (WAS) thickener. Used submerged membrane pilot unit to treat


wastewater. Maximum thickening possible with membrane system is 1.5 to 2 percent. Nitrification possible with WAS seeding of centrate return flow.

King County Water Reuse Demonstration | King County, Seattle, Washington King County is interested in introducing wastewater reclamation to its service area by constructing a new satellite plant capable of producing effluent quality that meets Washington’s Class A reclaimed water standards. Assisted with conducting a reuse demonstration project to evaluate and pilot test emerging technologies that could meet the county’s goals for effluent water quality, operability, and cost. Following an in-depth screening process, two aerobic biological treatment trains were selected for testing in a nine-month pilot test, which includes biological aerated filter (BAF) and membrane bioreactor (MBR) for wastewater oxidation. Other emerging technologies selected for pilot testing include Fuzzy Filter, ballasted flocculation (both Actiflo and Densadeg), microfiltration, and reverse osmosis. Parkson Dynasand filter were also pilot tested. Responsible for quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) review of the pilot testing analysis and reports. This project received the 2002 National Environmental Achievement Award by the Association of Metropolitan Sewerage Agencies (AMSA).

Pilot Testing and Predesign for Water Treatment Plant | City of Anaheim, California Pilot testing and preliminary design of filtration and disinfection for the 15 mgd water treatment plant. Considered modifications to existing automatic backwash (Hardinge) filters to meet Surface Drinking Water Act regulations.

Pilot Filtration Study | Metropolitan Water District of Southern California Project director for a pilot filtration study, which determined the removal of Giardia and Cryptosporidium cysts under different operation strategies and filtration rates up to 9 gpm/sf.

Filter Bed Pilot Study at Foothill Water Treatment Plant | Placer County Water Agency, Auburn, California Pilot study evaluation of filter bed designs for Foothill Water Treatment Plant.

ACTIFLO Pilot Test at Bowman Water Treatment Plant | Placer County Water Agency, Auburn, California Evaluated new ACTIFLO™ process for high-rate clarification. Actively involved with California Department of Health Services during projects to gain regulatory approval of treatment process.

Filter Pilot Test at Water Treatment Plant | City of Yuba City, California Performed a filter pilot test at the water treatment plant. Pilot tests were conducted using HDR’s pilot filter plant and monitoring equipment. The testing evaluated two media configuration for operation of 6 gpm/sf. Testing parameter included particle counts, turbidity, loss of head, and flow rate.

Pilot Study at Sioux Falls Water Treatment Plant | City of Sioux Falls, South Dakota Pilot study for the water treatment plant to evaluate coagulation/clarification, PAC, ozone oxidation, lime treatment, recarbonation, and filtration processed.

Pilot-Scale Investigation of Industrial Wastewater | City of Sanger, California Pilot-scale investigation to determine the treatability of a high strength industrial (food processing and stillage) wastewater using activated sludge and a flotation plus oxidation (ozone/ultraviolet {UV} light) treatment system.

Pilot-Scale Investigation of Electron Beam Solids Treatment | City of Sanger, California Bench-scale investigation to determine the feasibility of using electron beam disinfection to reduce pathogens in digested solids. Evaluate dose-survival response on bench scale level.


Nitrification Pilot-Scale Investigation | City of Las Vegas, Nevada Pilot-scale investigation for nitrification using activated sludge and trickling filters at the water pollution control facility. Study compared the process stability and performance, and established kinetic and other design parameters for 66 mgd nitrification facility design. Project also involved modeling, biological nutrient removal (BNR), and nutrient removal.

Pilot-Scale Filtration Study | City of Las Vegas, Nevada Pilot-scale filtration (nutrient removal) study at the water pollution control facility to determine optimum design of the secondary effluent filtration facilities to achieve 0.3 mg/L effluent phosphorus levels following alum and polymer addition. Investigated three filter media and contact clarifier as flocculation/prefiltration.

Anaerobic Digester Research Project | University of California, Los Angeles Conducted a three-year research project on measurements to determine the biological activity in anaerobic digesters. Laboratory scale units were operated under various solids retention times and the ATP activity measured under different operating conditions and during transient loading conditions.

Filtration Avoidance Study | North Tahoe Public Utilities District, Tahoe Vista, California Conducted a filtration avoidance study. Sampling equipment was installed to sample and analyze coliform, Giardia lamblia, Cryptosporidium, and turbidity. Other tasks included evaluating system specific criteria defined by the Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR), determining appropriate disinfection design criteria, assessing treatment needs (including evaluation of conventional treatment, ozone disinfection, diatomaceous earth filtration, and membrane filtration), and preliminary design of an ozone disinfection alternative. Important considerations were given to extend the intake further into the lake, and to Tahoe Regional Planning Agency site restrictions for construction and operation of treatment facilities. Project also included preparation of filtration avoidance application for submittal to the California Department of Health Services and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA).

Third Party Operations and Maintenance (O&M) Review at the Truckee Meadows Water Reclamation Facility | City of Sparks, Nevada Conducted a third party operations and maintenance (O&M) review of the 28 mgd (44 mgd) Truckee Meadows Water Reclamation Facility, which included: (1) evaluating O&M practices and procedures of the plant: and (2) identifying opportunities for improvement and process changes that would result in savings in energy, chemicals, and/or labor or other O&M costs.

As-Designed Project Cost for Solar Photovoltaics (PV) System | City of Davis, California Prepared an independent estimate of as-design project cost for the solar photovoltaics (PV) system, which included a breakdown of construction cost, design costs, environmental documentation costs, and administrative costs.

South Cary Water Reclamation Facility Competitive Assessment | Town of Cary, North Carolina Performed competitive assessment of the South Cary Water Reclamation Facility, which included evaluation of the town’s financial, management, operations, maintenance, human resources, and policy approaches to identify cost saving opportunities.

Filmtec Membrane Assessment | Confidential Client, Minneapolis, Minnesota Evaluated competitive bids for major supplies of microfiltration membrane systems, performed sensitive analysis of efforts of decreased membrane cost, and identified regulatory and economic drivers for microfiltration membrane systems.

Economic Efficiency Program | Miami-Dade Water and Sewer Department, Florida Participated in a multi-phased efficiency program aimed at holding water and sewer rates flat (zero percent increases) over a five-year period. Analyzed and designed processes to optimize plant operations at the 218


mgd Alexander Orr Water Treatment Plant, 165 mgd Hialeah/Preston Water Treatment Plant, 113 mgd North District Secondary Wastewater Treatment Plant, 143 mgd Central Secondary Wastewater Treatment Plant, 85 mgd South District Secondary Wastewater Treatment Plant, 950 wastewater pumping stations, and 11 maintenance facilities.

Archie Elledge Wastewater Treatment Plant Competitive Assessment | City of Winston-Salem, North Carolina Performed a plant operations study at 30 mgd Archie Elledge Wastewater Treatment Plant as a result of changing flows received at the plant due to the construction and start-up of the new Muddy Creek Wastewater Treatment Facility. Wastewater characterizations, unit analysis, and alternatives were studied to provide the most cost-effective weekday operation and the most cost-effective operation for the weekend. Designed step-feed modifications to aeration basin to improve process performance. Design achieved biological nutrient removal and improved settleability.

Westside Wastewater Treatment Plant Bid-to-Goal | City of High Point, North Carolina Performed competitive assessment for the facility, which identified process operations optimization improvements and implementation/management plan. Also assisted with development of a bid-to-goal proposal for the Westside Wastewater Treatment Plant that became the basis of a "public contract" between the plant staff and city council.

Competitive Assessment and Optimization Study | City of Statesville, North Carolina Performed a competitive assessment and optimization study for the city’s water and wastewater facilities (four total). Identified and evaluated opportunities available at these facilities for operations and maintenance cost savings.

Airport Wastewater Reclamation Plant Managed Competition | City of Chandler, Arizona Process review a managed competition project that involved developing a contract operations proposal for operating and maintaining the Airport Wastewater Reclamation Plant over a five-year service period. This 5 mgd extended aeration water reclamation plant included fine screens, activated sludge basins, secondary clarifiers, rapid mixers, flocculation, filtration, ultraviolet (UV) disinfection, mechanical dewatering, chemical handling, and odor control.

McAlpine Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant Competitive Bid | Charlotte-Mecklenburg Utility District (CMUD), North Carolina Assisted plant staff in preparing for competitive bid against private operation companies. Develop process optimization strategies and implementation plans. CMUD won the bid by default when private companies withdrew from the process.

Best Management Practices Study | Massachusetts Water Resources Authority, Massachusetts Conducted a best management practices study of the management, administration, information systems, engineering, operations, and maintenance functions, as well as the capital program delivery system, to identify areas of potential savings or efficiency improvements.

Sugar Creek and Irwin Creek Wastewater Treatment Plants | Charlotte-Mecklenburg Utility District, North Carolina Developed process optimization strategies to minimize operating cost for the 20 mgd Sugar Creek and 15 mgd Irwin Creek wastewater treatment plants. Conducted complete process analysis focusing on process modifications to reduce operating cost (chemical, energy, and labor) without significant construction or with payback in than three years. Completed process review for liquid and solids treatment, including anaerobic digesters.


Point Loma Wastewater Treatment Plant Optimization Study | City of San Diego, California Process review and operation analysis to reduce operating cost by 20 percent for 180 mgd Point Loma Wastewater Treatment Plant, which includes new solids handling facilities. Main facilities include collection system, pumping stations, advanced primary treatment plant, anaerobic digestion, and solids dewatering using both belt press and centrifuge.

Central Wastewater Treatment Plant Optimization and Operations Audit | City of Nashville, Tennessee Performed an operations audit and optimization of the Central Wastewater Treatment Plant to identify best management practices in the areas of plant staffing, energy use, and chemical use.

Competitive Business Plan | King County, Seattle, Washington Reviewed operational change strategies produced by employees and provided private sector strategies in the creation of a competitive business plan for King County which includes the City of Seattle. Included was an assessment of the organizational structure of the operations groups a staffing evaluation optimization recommendations and identification of issues that could potentially result from staff recommendations

Peer Review Services for Clovis Sewage Treatment/Water Reuse Facility Design-Build-Operate Proposal Documents | City of Clovis, California Provided peer review of the Clovis Sewage Treatment/Water Reuse Facility design-build-operate proposal documents.

Comparison of Independent and Regional Approaches for the Ironhouse Sanitary District's Wastewater | Delta Diablo, Antioch, California Provided engineering services to compare the Ironhouse Sanitary District’s strategy of processing and disposing of its wastewater (independent approach) to conveying the wastewater to the Delta Diablo Sanitation District for subsequent processing and disposal (regional approach), which included: (1) conducting a peer review of the Ironhouse study; (2) identifying modifications to the recommended improvement plan to reflect the potential for processing and disposing of Ironhouse wastewater; (3) developing capital and operation and maintenance (O&M) cost estimates; and (4) estimating and comparing monetary impacts based for the two approaches.

North Side Wastewater Treatment Plant Expansion Value Engineering Study | City of Manteca, California Value engineering review of the 80 percent design documents for the $35 million wastewater treatment plant expansion project. Identified over $5 million in capital cost savings and additional operations and maintenance (O&M) savings. Also made several suggestions that would improve reliability in meeting new high restrictive discharge requirements. As a separate project, provided a technical memorandum identifying an interim plan that will allow capacity to be increased more quickly and reliably than the original design.

Wastewater Facilities Master Plan – Novato Sanitary District, Novato, California Process specialist for peer review of the wastewater facilities master plan that identifies improvements to upgrade the district’s two wastewater treatment plants (Novato and Ignacio), which have a combined permitted capacity of 6.55 mgd average dry weather flow (ADWF), to meet current and upcoming regulations, replace aging structures and equipment, provide redundancy for key treatment processes, and meet future demands.

Soledad Wastewater Treatment Plant Expansion Peer Review | City of Soledad, California Peer review to evaluate and validate the conceptual design of wastewater treatment plant expansion developed by the design-build contractor.

Phase 1 Tracy Wastewater Treatment Plant Expansion Value Engineering | City of Tracy, California Process specialist for value engineering study for the city’s Phase 1 wastewater treatment plant expansion project. Phase 1 facility improvements include septage receiving, influent receiving, headworks, odor control (new biofilter), primary treatment (clarifiers), primary scum handling, primary sludge and effluent pumping, equalization pumping and storage, biological/secondary treatment, blower facility, RAS pumping, secondary


effluent pumping, coagulation, tertiary filtration, filter backwash pumping, backwash waste handling, chlorine contact, chlorine handling, sulfur dioxide handling, post aeration, effluent temperature control, sludge dewatering and thickening, digesters, and standby power.

Value Engineering Workshop for Water Reclamation Plant Expansion | Tahoe-Truckee Sanitation Agency, Truckee, California Process specialist for VE workshop that evaluated proposed $34 million expansion of agency’s water reclamation plant from 7.4 mgd to 9.6 mgd. Principal elements of the expansion includes adding capacity for the primary and secondary process trains (includes pure oxygen activated sludge), 9.6 mgd biological nitrification/denitrification process utilizing submerged biological aerated filters (BAFs), temperature phased anaerobic sludge digestion, and solids dewatering facility.

Phase III Rolling A Wastewater Treatment Facility Expansion Peer Review | Lyon County, Nevada Provided peer review services for the preliminary engineering work (30 percent design) completed by Brown and Caldwell of the Phase III Rolling A Wastewater Treatment Facility expansion.

South Wastewater Treatment Plant Value Engineering Study | Fox River Water Reclamation District, Elgin, Illinois Participated in a value engineering study for the proposed new wastewater treatment plant. Evaluated the predesign report and preliminary drawings that showed the proposed expansion and nutrient removal. Substantial changes to the design were suggested, as well as implementation phases to meet quality requirements and budgetary constraints.

Minneapolis Wastewater Treatment Plant Value Engineering | Metropolitan Council Wastewater Services, St. Paul, Minnesota Participated in a value engineering evaluation of process alternatives for biological phosphorus removal. Value engineering study was performed on the 30 percent design of Metropolitan Wastewater Treatment Plant, which included modifications for sidestream phosphorous removal, installation of fine bubble aeration, metering modifications, and air compressor filtration modifications.

Cape Girardeau Wastewater Treatment Plant Value Engineering (VE) Study | City of Cape Girardeau, Missouri Process specialist for a VE study that evaluated the 60 percent plants for the new wastewater treatment plant.

Hobbs Wastewater Treatment Plant Improvements | City of Hobbs, New Mexico Process specialist for value engineering (VE) study of wastewater treatment plant improvements design.

Western Wake Regional Water Reclamation Facility- Town of Carey, North Carolina Process engineering specialist for value engineering (VE) studies that evaluated the preliminary engineering report, 50 percent design submittal, and 90 percent design submittal of the Western Wake Regional Water Reclamation Facility improvements, which included effluent pumping station and forcemain designs.

Drinking Water Disinfectant System Guidance Manual | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Coordinating author and assistant project manager to develop an EPA guidance manual for selecting a drinking water disinfectant system, considering pathogen inactivation efficiency (including Giardia, Cryptosporidium, viruses, and bacteria), disinfection by-products (DBP), water quality, and cost. The guidance manual includes discussions on the regulatory need for disinfection, disinfection effectiveness for bacteria, viruses, and protozoa; DBP formation; as well as chemistry, design, operation, residual analysis parameters for 6 disinfectants: ozone, chlorine dioxide, chloramine, ozone/peroxide, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and potassium permanganate. The final section of the manual provides a flow diagram (decision tree) for evaluating the existing disinfection strategy at a plant and, if required, selecting a new strategy for both primary and secondary disinfection.


Ozone Disinfection Facilities at Don Edmondo Water Treatment Plant | Glenbrook Water Cooperative, Glenbrook, Nevada Project manager during design and construction of ozone disinfection facilities for the Don Edmondo Water Treatment Plant. This plant includes a cryogenic liquid oxygen storage facility, medium frequency ozone generators, and a reverse flow contactor and quenching system.

Ozone Disinfection Plant at National Avenue Pumping Station | North Tahoe Public Utility District, Tahoe Vista, California Project manager for preliminary design of the ozone disinfection plant at National Avenue Pumping Station. Evaluation included filtration and non-filtration alternatives to meet Surface Water Treatment Rule requirements. Selected alternative was ozone because of minimal visual impact, site constraints, and flexibility to meet future regulatory requirements.

Ozone Disinfection Facilities | Kingsbury General Improvement District, Kingsbury, Nevada Project manager for design of ozone disinfection facilities to meet Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR) requirements without filtration. Design utilizes bubble contactors in gravity flow-through modes, ahead of high service pumps feeding the distribution system. Facilities are designed to meet future Cryptosporidium regulations without major expansion. Provided design services, construction supervision, startup, and training to district staff.

Ozone Disinfection Plant | Edgewood Water Company, Stateline, Nevada Project manager during design, construction, startup, and operation of a new ozone disinfection plant designed to meet Surface Water Treatment Rule requirements without filtration. Both in-line and bubble contactors were evaluated, operating with LOX and air preparation systems. Final facilities utilize 35-feet-tall bubble contactors feeding directly into the main reservoir. Facilities are designed to meet future Cryptosporidium regulations without major expansion. Project also included design of a 1.15 Mgal water storage tank.

Membrane Assessment | Confidential Client Lead technical director on project involving low-pressure membrane assessment for potable water applications. Responsibilities included the development and analysis of a system installation database, development of cost curves, and associated technical memorandum development.

Folsom Water Treatment Plant Facility Plan | City of Folsom, California Process design and facility planning for the 60 mgd water treatment plant. Evaluated treatment options to meet Surface Water Treatment Rule requirements for existing automatic backwash (Hardinge) filters. Processes include coagulation/sedimentation, adsorption clarifiers, dual media and deep bed filters, ozone, and chlorine disinfection.

Well Evaluation | James City County, Virginia Evaluation of wells for James City County, Virginia, to determine water quality of wells and select key wells for the water supply system. The study considered corrosion potential, disinfection by-products (DBP), and preliminary design of disinfection facilities.

Foothill Water Treatment Plant Expansion | Placer County Water Agency, Auburn, California Performed quality assurance/quality control review of the ACTIFLO™ process for the Foothill Water Treatment Plant expansion project.

Central Amador Water Master Plan | Amador County Water Agency, Amador, California As part of the master plan for the Central Amador water project, evaluated treatment alternatives for the Buckhorn Water Treatment Plant, which included direct filtration using pressure filters. Alternatives were evaluated to meet Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR) requirements, including conventional treatment, contact clarification package plants, microfiltration, or continued use of pressure filters.


Cost Estimating for Water Treatment Plant | Science Applications International Corporation, Reston, Virginia Develop cost estimates for construction and O&M for various water treatment processes, including granular activated carbon (GAC), regeneration of GAC, microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, and reverse osmosis (RO). Plant ranged in capacity from 50,000 gpm to 200 mgd.

Cost Estimating for GAC | California Department of Health Services Developed cost estimates for using granular activated carbon (GAC) to remove various compounds from drinking water. Cost curves were developed for a range of flow rates, various influent concentrations, and multiple possible MCLs. Compounds evaluated were radon, freon 11, bentazon, monochlorobenzene, ethylbenzene, and dichlorethylene.

Laboratory-Scale Investigation | California Department of Health Services Performed a laboratory-scale investigation to determine the impact of oxidation (ozone and ozone/peroxide) on the biodegradability and absorbability of humic substances. Also evaluated disinfection by-products (DBP) considerations.

Water Intake Pipeline | Edgewood Water Company, Edgewood, Nevada Project manager for design of a new pipeline to feed ozone facilities situated along Lake Tahoe. The pipeline crosses a state highway intersection at the casinos, requiring special traffic control plans. Scheduled construction to meet winter condition requirements in Lake Tahoe region, while accommodating summer peak tourist demands.

Taste and Odor Removal | City of Sioux Falls, South Dakota Process evaluation and design of facilities to remove taste and odors from surface water supply for the water treatment plant. Improvements were designed to treat groundwater and/or surface water.

Industrial Wastewater Treatment Plant Modifications Study | Grand Rapids Public Utilities Commission, Michigan Provided quality control review of process design of improvements for the wastewater treatment plant, which treats domestic and industrial waste from paper processing facility.

Valley View Casino | J.R. Filanc Construction Company, Inc., California Provided quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) for process design of wastewater treatment system for Valley View Casino.

Union Mine Septage Treatment Facility Winery Waste Study | El Dorado County, Placerville, California Provided quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) for evaluation of impacts of treating winery waste at the Union Mine Septage Treatment Facility.

Process Design and In-Plant Testing/Evaluation for Sanger Wastewater Treatment Plant | City of Sanger, California Predesign and in-plant testing and evaluation of interim measures to increase treatment capacity of the wastewater treatment plant. The treatment plant receives a seasonal industrial load resulting in a ten-fold increase in organic loading in less than a week due to food processing wastewater and stillage loads. Plant includes trickling filters and activated sludge processes. Investigated full-scale plant under high load conditions. Installed temporary dividers to create a selector basin. Field studies evaluated improved primary clarification by chemical (alum and polymer) addition, as well as the aeration system capacity. A 48-hour intensive sampling study was done to evaluate the process under dynamic loads.


Stillage Treatment Evaluation at Wineries | City of Fresno, California Wineries in the city produced up to 0.3 mgd stillage. Evaluated combining the stillage with existing anaerobic sludge digesters, or treating it in separate dedicated anaerobic treatment facilities such as anaerobic filters, upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors, or anaerobic fluidized beds. Gas produced will be sent to new cogeneration plant.

Treatment Plant Evaluation | City of Modesto, California Performed treatment plant capacity evaluation and process selection for wastewater treatment plant master plan. The treatment plant receives domestic and industrial wastewater (primarily seasonal food processing wastewater and stillage), including trickling filters, aerated lagoons, and an oxidation pond system. Prepared preliminary design for 80 mgd flow for the facility plan.

Industrial Facility Plan | Wawona Frozen Foods, Clovis, California Evaluated treatment and disposal options. Prepared a facility plan to reclaim the wastewater generated during food processing and use it to supplement irrigation water.

Cost Estimating of Agricultural Wastewater Alternatives | Health Professions, San Francisco, California Prepared cost estimates for treating agricultural wastewater to remove boron, selenium, and TDS for the Western Consortium.

High Pure Oxygen (HPO) Activated Sludge Plant (HPO) | City of Duluth, Minnesota The plant receives significant industrial loads from pulp and paper industry and operates at 90-95 degrees Fahrenheit. Process includes pure oxygen activated sludge, tertiary filtration and disinfection, sludge dewatering, and fluidized bed incineration.

Leachate and Septage Treatment | El Dorado County, California Project manager for landfill leachate and septage treatment plant predesign and facility plan. Process includes biological sequencing batch reactors (SBR), aerobic sludge digestion, chemical precipitation for metal removal, filtration, and centrifugation for sludge dewatering.

Articles Neethling, JB (editor and author). “Shortcut Nitrogen Removal – Nitrite Shunt and Deammonification” A Special Publication. Water Environment Federation (2015).

Johannes B. Neethling, Zhongchun Gu, "Functionally Relevant Microorganisms to Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal Performance At Full-Scale Wastewater Treatment Plants in the United States", Water Environ. Res, Vol.80, No.8, 8/2008

Johannes B. Neethling, David L. Clark, Marie-Laure Pellegrin, "Membrane Basics for Wastewater Treatment", WaterWorld amd Industrial WaterWorld, Membranes Supplement, 3/2008

Johannes B. Neethling, David L. Clark, Zhongchun Gu, "Achieving Extremely Low Effluent Phosphorus in Wastewater Treatment", Waterscapes, Volume 16, Number 3, 9/2005

Johannes B. Neethling, Mario Benisch, Brian Oswalt, City of Las Vegas Wastewater Treatment Plant, Darin Swartzlander, City of Las Vegas Wastewater Treatment Plant, Jay Chapman, City of Las Vegas Wastewater Treatment Plant, Laura Giuliano, City of Las Vegas Wastewater Treatment Plant, Martin Lipscshultz, City of Las Vegas, Terry Hughes, City of Las Vegas Wastewater Treatment Plant, Wendy Doyle, City of Las Vegas Wastewater Treatment Plant, "Las Vegas Wins With Team Approach", Water Environment & Technology, 11/2004

Johannes B. Neethling, Mario Benisch, "Struvite Control through Process and Facility Design as well as Operation Strategy", Water Science Technology, March, 2004


Johannes B. Neethling, Kevin A. Kennedy, Junfeng Leng, "No Small Fear - Compact Technologies Outdo Convention Primary Treatment Processes", WET, January, 2004

Johannes B. Neethling, Bruce R. Willey, Rob Baur, "Utility Optimizes Large Nutrient Removal Plant", WaterWorld, March, 3/2004

Johannes B. Neethling, Bruce R. Willey, "Optimizing a Large Nutrient Removal Plant", Waterscapes, Spring 2003, Vol. 14 No. 1, 5/2003

Johannes B. Neethling, Bruce R. Willey, Heather M. Stephens, Mario Benisch, R. Baur, "How Low Can You Go? Can Enhanced Biological Phosphorous Removal and Effluent Filtrating Meet a Part per Billion Permit", Water Environment and Technology/Operations Forum, April 2001, vol. 13 #4, 4/2001

Johannes B. Neethling, Bruce R. Willey, Kenneth M. Barrett, John E. Koch, Richard G. Stratton, Steve H. Reiber, Dennis R. Martenson, Adrian J. Huckabee, Roger K. Noack, Neil Allen Graff, Timothy D. Chinn, Robert Gary Fuller, Douglas R. Lubben, Mark J. Hammer, Glenn H. Dostal, Henry Herman Benjes, Bruce E. Burris, Hubert L. Cronister, Robert B. Williams, William F. Ettlich, James C. Peterson, Kevin A. Kennedy, David A. Peterson, David M. Murbach, David J. Reardon, Yu-Jung Chang, Samuel Perry (Unknown), Susan Poulsom (HDR), Tony Bagwell (Unknown), "Handbook of Public Water System, 2nd Edition", Handbook of Public Water Systems, March 2001, 3/2001

Johannes B. Neethling, Henry Herman Benjes, Hubert L. Cronister, Hany Z. Gerges, Cronister, L., Daniel Wilson (Non-HDR), Gerges, H.G., Neil Cable (Non-HDR), Wilson, D., "Unlock Your Plant's Hidden Potential", Water Environment and Technology/Operations Forum, September 2001, 9/2001

Johannes B. Neethling, Bruce R. Willey, Heather M. Stephens, Mario Benisch, Mike Mengelkoch (Non-HDR), Nate Cullen (Non-HDR), Rob Baur (Non-HDR), Woodie Muirhead (HDR), "Process Tune Up - An Orgegon Facility Tweaks its Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal System to Cut Costs and Improve Compliance", Water Environment and Technology/Operations Forum, April 2001, vol. 13 #4, 4/2001

Johannes B. Neethling, B. Bucher (Unknown), Bucher, B., C. Wallis-Lage (Unknown), J. Smyth (Unknown), Smyth, J., Wallis-Lage, C., "Stretching Technologies for Cost-effective Reuse", CWEA Conference Proceedings, 4/1/2001, 4/2001

Johannes B. Neethling, Lewis K. Mosteller, S.K. Neely, "Unlocking a Mystery", Water Environment and Technology/Operations Forum, April 1999, 4/1999

Johannes B. Neethling, Lewis K. Mosteller, S. Kim Neely (Non-HDR), "Unlocking: Investigators find the key to a North Carolina Plant's Chlorine Disinfection Problems", Water Environment and Technology/Operations Forum, March 1999, 3/1999

Johannes B. Neethling, Kevin A. Kennedy, Alan K. Wong, Bolding, D, DeMaio, M., "Stress Testing - Squeezing the Most Our of Wastewater Treatment Plant System", Water Environment and Technology/Operations Forum, July 1998, 10(7), pp. 49-54, 7/1998

Johannes B. Neethling, John C. Calmer, David M. Murbach, "An Operator's Guide to Chlorination During Nitrification", Operations Forum, October 1998, 10/1998

Johannes B. Neethling, Bruce R. Willey, C. Span, Danzer, J., J. Danzer, Spani, C., "Achieving Nitrification in Pure Oxygen Activated Sludge by Seeding", Water Science Technology, 5/1/1998, 5/1998

Johannes B. Neethling, B. Babcock (Non-HDR), Babcock, E. Huo (Non-HDR), E. Khan, I.H. Suffet, I.H. Suffett (Non-HDR), M.K. Stenstrom, M.K. Stenstrom (Non-HDR), Madireddi, R.W., Q.F. Khan (Non-HDR), Q.F. Ye, R.W. Madireddi (Non-HDR), T.L. Levin (Non-HDR), T.L. Huo, "Pilot-Scale Wastewater Reclamation at Lake Arrowhead California: An Overview", Water Environment Research, January 1997, 1/1997


Johannes B. Neethling, Bruce R. Willey, David A. Pivetti, Bolding, D., C. Spani, D. Bolding, Giulliano, L, Giulliano, L., L. Giuliano, Spani, C., "Startup and Seasonal Swings in Nitrite", Water Environment and Technology/Operations Forum, October 1997, 10/1997

Johannes B. Neethling, "Reuse System Yields Better Quality Water Than Lake Supply", US Water News, February 1995, 2/1995

Johannes B. Neethling, K.S. Ro (Non-HDR), "Biological Fluidization Beds Containing Widely Different Bioparticles", ASCE Journal of Environmental Engineering, 1993, Journal of Environmental Engineering, 1993,120,1416-1426,1993, 1/1993

Johannes B. Neethling, "'Activated Carbon' (In 'Leaders Discuss Trends' Section)", Water Engineering and Management, December 1993, 12/1993

Johannes B. Neethling, Yu Cheng, J. Glater (Non-HDR), M.K. Stenstrom (Non-HDR), "The Effect of Small Halocarbons on Reversse Osmisis Membrane Performance", Desalination, Vol 85, 33-44, January 1991, 1/1991 Johannes B. Neethling, K.S. Ro (Non-HDR), Ro, K.S., "Biofilm Density for Biological Fluidized Beds", Water Environment Research, January 1991, 1/1991

Johannes B. Neethling, James R. Glaser, Wilson, L.C., "Dissolved Organic Components in Process Water at the Los Banos Desalting Facility", American Chemical Society, 1989, Chapter 43, 783-796, 1989

Johannes B. Neethling, Hao, O.J., "Effect of Ratio Correlation on Data Interpretation", Journal of Environmental Engineering, 1987, 113, (1) 205-211, 1987

Johannes B. Neethling, Chung, Y.C., Jenkins, D., "Activated Sludge Chlorine Reactions During Bulking Control", Journal of Environmental Engineering, 1987, 3, (1) 134-146, 1987

Johannes B. Neethling, Jenkins, D., Richard, M.G., "Causes and Control of Activated Sludge Bulking", Water Pollution Prevention and Control, 1984, 83, (4) 455-472, 1984

Johannes B. Neethling, Chung, Y.C, "Viability of anaerobic digest sludge", Journal of Environmental Engineering, 116(2)

Johannes B. Neethling, Chung, Y.C., "ATP as a measurement of anaerobic sludge digester activity", J. Water Pollut. Control Fed, 61(3)

Johannes B. Neethling, , J., Chung, Y., and Jenkins, D, "Activated Sludge-chlorine Reactions During Bulking Control", J. Environ. Eng, 113(1)

Johannes B. Neethling, "Using ATP to Determine the Chlorine Resistance of Filamentous Bacteria Associated with Activated Sludge Bulking", Journal (Water Pollution Control Federation), Vol. 57, No. 8

Johannes B. Neethling, "The Use of Spreadsheets in Engineering Calculations"

Books

Johannes B. Neethling, "Nutrient Control Manual (2nd Edition)"

Johannes B. Neethling, "Book Chapters"

Presentations

Johannes B. Neethling, Michael Stephan Kasch, David L. Clark, Michael W. Falk, Haley R W Falconer, "Sustainability Considerations for Implementation of Low Phosphorus Treatment", Water Environment Federation Techincal Exhibition and Conference (WEFTEC), New Orleans, LA, 9/27/2014

Johannes B. Neethling, Michael W. Falk, Mallika Ramanathan, Samanatha Engelage, "Nitrifier Growth Rate Testing to Determine the Impact of Cyanide on Nitrification", WEFTEC, New Orleans, LA, 9/27/2014


Johannes B. Neethling, William S. M'Coy, David J. Kinnear, Gary J. Jacobs, Thomas E. Kochaba, Daniel M. Hingley, Lawrence H. Hentz, Bott, Charles, Dano, John, Ghosn, Sami, Lamp, Kelly, McLemore, Mardane, Waltrip, David, "Versatile Bioreactor Design Reduces Cost", WEFTEC 2013, Chicago, IL, 10/8/2013

Johannes B. Neethling, Marie-Laure Pellegrin, Adrienne Menniti, David Stensel, "CHALLENGES AND RECOMMENDATIONS ON ACHIEVING LOW EFFLUENT NUTRIENT CONCENTRATIONS WITH MEMBRANE BIOREACTORS", WEFTEC, Chicago, IL, 10/5/2013

Johannes B. Neethling, Chandrikaa Balendhran, Stephanie I. Shamblin Gray, Scott A. Toland, Michael W. Falk, Kenneth N. Abraham, Malloy, Steve, "Lessons Learned from IRWD - Setting Boundary Conditions at Their WWTP when Estimating GHG Emissions for Their Sustainability Evaluation", WEFTEC, Chicago/IL, 10/5/2013

Johannes B. Neethling, Marie-Laure Pellegrin, Adrienne Menniti, David Stensel, "CHALLENGES AND RECOMMENDATIONS ON ACHIEVING LOW EFFLUENT NUTRIENT CONCENTRATIONS WITH MEMBRANE BIOREACTORS", Nutrient Removal and Recovery 2013: Trends in Reesource Recovery and Use, Vancouver, Canada, 7/28/2013

Johannes B. Neethling, Michael W. Falk, Hsin-Ying Liu, Hauser, David, "Achieving Less than 0.050 mg P/L Reliably with Active Chemical Sludge", WEFTEC, New Orleans, LA, 9/29/2012

Johannes B. Neethling, Mario Benisch, Michael W. Falk, Karen A. Bill, Haley R W Falconer, H. Sid Fredrickson, "Achieve Nitrification and Ultra-Low Phosphorus using Tertiary Membrane Filtration", Water Environment Federation Technical Exhibition and Conference (WEFTEC), New Orleans, LA, 9/29/2012

Johannes B. Neethling, Michael W. Falk, Hsin-Ying Liu, deBarbadillo, Chris, "Tertiary Denitrification Processes for Low Nitrogen And Phosphorus", WEFTEC, Los Angeles, CA, 10/15/2011

Johannes B. Neethling, Bruce R. Willey, Adam M. Nichols, Michelle Hetherington, Dave Heinz, Ron Wade, Wendy Sevenandt, "Converting a Secondary Treatment Plant to Nitrification/Denitrification while Maintaining Capacity and Lowering Operating Cost", WEFTEC 2011, Los Angeles, California USA, 10/15/2011

Johannes B. Neethling, David L. Clark, Mario Benisch, Marie-Laure Pellegrin, Karen A. Bill, Haley R W Falconer, Carleton, Ben, Fisher, Casey, "Evaluation of a Tertiary Membrane Filter Demonstration Pilot to Achieve Ultra-Low Effluent Phosphorus Concentrations", Water Environment Federation Technical Exhibition and Conference (WEFTEC), Los Angeles, California, 10/15/2011

Johannes B. Neethling, David L. Clark, Mario Benisch, Karen A. Bill, Haley R W Falconer, Fredrickson, H. Sid, "Operation of a Dual-Stage Continuous Upflow Media Filter under Dynamic Conditions to Achieve Ultra-Low Phosphorus Concentrations", Water Environment Federation Technical Exhibition and Conference (WEFTEC), Los Angeles, CA, 10/15/2011

Johannes B. Neethling, David L. Clark, David J. Reardon, Michael W. Falk, Pramanik, Amit, "WERF Nutrient Challenge - Nutrient Regulations, Treatment Performance, and Sustainability Collide", WEFTEC, Los Angeles, CA, 10/15/2011

Johannes B. Neethling, David J. Reardon, Michael W. Falk, "Wastewater Treatment Nutrient Removal and Energy/GHG Nexus", Energy and Water 2011 - Efficiency, Generation, Management, and Climate Impacts, Chicago, Illinois, 7/31/2011

Johannes B. Neethling, Mario Benisch, Marie-Laure Pellegrin, Casey Fisher, Don Keil, "Testing the Limits of Biological Phosphorus Removal in a Membrane Bioreactor", AMTA/SEDA 2011 Joint Conference & Exposition "Membranes are the Solution", Miami, 7/18/2011

Johannes B. Neethling, Mario Benisch, Casey Fisher, Don Keil, "Reliability of Low P Technologies in the Real World - First Results from a Two-Year Demonstration Program", Nutrient Recovery and Management 2011 conference, Miami, 1/9/2011


Johannes B. Neethling, David L. Clark, HDR; Stensel, H.D. (Univ Washington), Parker, D.S. (Brown & Caldwell), Bott, C. B (VMI); Murthy, S. (DCWASA), Pramanik, A. (WERF), "A Rational And Quantitative Approach To Define The Limits Of Technology (LOT)", WEFTEC 09, Orlando, FL, 10/10/2009

Johannes B. Neethling, Mario Benisch, Ahren Britton, Ostara, Vancouver BC, Jan A. Oleszkiewicz, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB, Rob Baur, Clean Water Services, "Utilizing Phosphorus Recovery for Optimization of the Biological Nutrient Removal Process", 2nd Specialized Conference for Nutrient Management in Wastewater Treatment Processes, Krakow, PL, 9/6/2009

Johannes B. Neethling, David L. Clark, David P. Keil, Michael R. Murray, Moss, David, Rawls, N. Bruce, "Water Quality Trading & Advanced Treatment Technology to Meet the Lowest Phosphorus Requirements in the Nation", Water Environment Federation Technical Exhibition & Conference, Chicago, IL, 10/20/2008

Johannes B. Neethling, David L. Clark, Marie-Laure Pellegrin, "Implications of In-Stream Numeric Nutrient Standard for Wastewater Utilities", KWEA 2008, Topeka, KS, 4/8/2008

Johannes B. Neethling, "Phase Nitrification-Denitrification Provides Flexible Oxygen Removal", WEF - Nutrient Removal 2007, Baltimore, 3/4/2007

Johannes B. Neethling, Robert B. Martin, Adam D. Evans, Donna Long, DWU, "Microfiltration and Cloth Media Filtration for Lake Augmentation in Dallas", WEFTEC 2006, Dallas, TX, 10/21/2006

Johannes B. Neethling, Mario Benisch, Zhongchun Gu, H. D. Stensel, University of Washington, I. Takacs, EnviroSim Associates, "The Importance of Modeling Metal Uptake and Release in BNR Process", WEFTEC 2005, Washington DC, 10/30/2005

Johannes B. Neethling, Mark J. Hammer, Junfeng Leng, Pravit M. Parikh, Zhongchun Gu, Tamara Green, Troy Mitchell, "Disinfection Contact Basin: Cover It, Or Not?", WEFTEC 2005, Washington DC, 10/30/2005

Johannes B. Neethling, Bruce R. Willey, Amanda B. McInnis, Bob Bucher, Susan Anderson, "Membrane Bioreactor Pilot Testing At Reduced SRT For King County, WA", American Water Works Association (AWWA) Membrane Technology Conference, Atlanta, Georgia, 2003

Johannes B. Neethling, "Reliability of Biological Phosphorus Removal", California Water Environment Association Conference (CWEA), Ontario, CA, 2003

Johannes B. Neethling, Kevin A. Kennedy, Junfeng Leng, Andy Strehler, Bob Bucher, King County, "High Rate Primary Treatment - Emerging Technologies", Water Environment Federation Technology and Exposition Conference (WEFTEC), Chicago, 10/2/2002

Johannes B. Neethling, Bruce R. Willey, Michael V. Norton, Amanda B. McInnis, "Pilot Scale Membrane Bioreactor Study at King County", Pacific Northwest Clean Water Association Conference, Yakima, WA, 10/2002

Johannes B. Neethling, Bruce R. Willey, "Treatment Schemes for Multiple Reuse Objectives", Water Environment Federation Technology and Exposition Conference (WEFTEC), Chicago, IL, 2002

Johannes B. Neethling, Bruce E. Burris, Hany Z. Gerges, "Factors Affecting Floating and Settling Problems in Activated Sludge Systems", Water Environment Federation Technology and Exposition Conference (WEFTEC), Chicago, IL, 2002

Johannes B. Neethling, Mario Benisch, "Primary Sludge Fermentation: Results From Two Full-Scale Pilots", South Austin Regional and Durham WWTP, Austin, Texas, 2002

Johannes B. Neethling, Mario Benisch, R. Bau, "Role of Metals and Phosphorous Precipitation in Biological Phosphorous Removal", Water Environment Federation Technology and Exposition Conference (WEFTEC), Atlanta, GA, 4/2001


Johannes B. Neethling, Kenneth M. Barrett, Hany Z. Gerges, "Modeling of Wastewater Treatment Plants for Contractual Effluent Peformance Using Cutting Edge Technology", Water Environment Federation Technology and Exposition Conference (WEFTEC), 2001

Johannes B. Neethling, Bruce R. Willey, Mario Benisch, "Optimizing a Large BNR Plant", California Water Environment Association Conference (CWEA), 2001

Johannes B. Neethling, Mario Benisch, "Nutrient Control in Recycle Flow Management", California Water Environment Association Conference (CWEA), 2001

Johannes B. Neethling, Bruce R. Willey, B. Bucher (Unknown), C. Wallis-Lage (Unknown), J. Smyth (Unknown), "In Search of the Perfect Reuse Plant", Water Environment Federation Technology and Exposition Conference (WEFTEC), 2000 conference, 2000

Johannes B. Neethling, Bruce R. Willey, "Cyclical Nitrification - Dentrification Reactor Provides Flexible Nutrient Removal for Silver Oregon", Water Environment Federation Technology and Exposition Conference (WEFTEC), 2000 conference, 2000

Johannes B. Neethling, "Wastewater Treatment - Current and Future Process Trends", Pacific Northwest Pollution Control Association (PNPCA) Annual Conference, Pre-conference Workshop; Seattle, Washington, 10/1999

Johannes B. Neethling, Paul J. Delphos, Jacobus G. Prins, "Collection System Benchmarking", Water Environment Federation Technology and Exposition Conference (WEFTEC), New Orleans, LA, 10/1999

Johannes B. Neethling, "Modeling and Stress Testing Determine Plant Capacity", Water Environment Federation ( WEF) Conference, Nevada Section, Las Vegas, NV, 3/1999

Johannes B. Neethling, Bruce R. Willey, Chicoine, L., "Phased Nitrification-Denitrification Provide a Flexible Nutrient Removal Design for the City of Silverton", Pacific Northwest Pollution Control Association (PNPCA) Annual Conference, Portland, OR, 11/1998

Johannes B. Neethling, Lewis K. Mosteller, S.K. Neely, "Unlocking a Disinfection Mystery", Water Environment Federation Technology and Exposition Conference (WEFTEC), Orlando, FL, 10/1998

Johannes B. Neethling, John C. Calmer, David M. Murbach, "An Operator's Guide to Chlorination During Nitrification, Operations Forum, Water Environmental Federation", Operations Forum,Water Environmental Federation, 10/1998

Johannes B. Neethling, John C. Calmer, David M. Murbach, "An Operator's Guide to Chlorine Disinfection for Nitrifying Systems.", California Water Environment Association Conference (CWEA), Oakland, CA, 4/1998

Johannes B. Neethling, John C. Calmer, David M. Murbach, "An Operator's Guide to Chlorine Disinfection for Nitrifying Systems", Water Environment Federation Technology and Exposition Conference (WEFTEC), Baltimore, Maryland, 4/1998

Johannes B. Neethling, David A. Pivetti, Bolding, D., Giullano, L., "Nitrite Breakthrough Under Non-Steady State Operation of a Nitrifying Facility", International Association of Water Quality, Berkeley, CA, 7/1997

Johannes B. Neethling, Richard G. Stratton, Michael W. Johnson, Johnson, M., "Ozone Disinfection Allows Nevada Water Systems to Meet Surface Water Treatment Rule", American Water Works Association Conference (AWWA), California-Nevada Section, SanJose, 4/1997

Johannes B. Neethling, Mendenhall, D., "Nitrification Capacity Certification for Las Vegas Wastewater Treatment Plant", Nevada Water Pollution Control Association State Conference, Las Vegas, NV, 2/1997

Johannes B. Neethling, David A. Pivetti, Bolding, D., Giullano, L., "Nitrite Buildup During Nitrificaiton Startup", Texas Water Conference, Austin, Texas; and Sacramento, CA, 4/1996


Johannes B. Neethling, Robert B. Williams, "Using Operating Data for Decision Making in Treatment Plant Design and Operation", California Water Pollution Control Conference, 67th Annual; Palm Springs, CA, 4/1995

Johannes B. Neethling, David A. Pivetti, Bolding, D., Giullano, L., "City of Las Vegas Nitrification Facilities - Concept to Operation", Nevada Water Pollution Control Association State Conference, Las Vegas, NV, 3/1995

Johannes B. Neethling, Bruce R. Willey, "Innovative Approach to Achieve Nitrification in a High Purity Oxygen Plant", Pacific Northwest Pollution Control Association (PNPCA) Annual Conference, Eugene, OR, 1995

Johannes B. Neethling, Stenstrom, M.K., Suffett, I.H., "Water Reclamation Project at Lake Arrowhead", Pacific Northwest Pollution Control Association (PNPCA) Annual Conference, Seattle, Dallas, TX, 11/1994

Johannes B. Neethling, Barnett, M., "Dynamic Simulation: The Next Step in Activated Sludge Control", Water Environment Federation Technology and Exposition Conference (WEFTEC), Chicago, IL, 10/1994

Johannes B. Neethling, James A. Yurczyk, Robert B. Williams, Jacobus G. Prins, "Trickling Filters: Do They Still Have a Place in Modern Treatment Plants", Water Environment Federation (WEF) Annual Conference, Anaheim, CA, and Seattle, WA, 11/1993, California Water Pollution Control Conference, San Diego, CA, 4/1993

Johannes B. Neethling, Jacobus G. Prins, "Data Analysis Methods for Wastewater Treatment Plant Process Parameters Estimating and Capacity Analysis", Water Environment Federation Technology and Exposition Conference (WEFTEC), Anaheim, CA, 10/1993

Johannes B. Neethling, Jeffrey B. Glover, Scharbow, M.D, Scharbow, M.D., "Direct Injection In-Line Contactor Design", Eleventh Ozone World Congress, International Ozone Association, San Francisco, CA, 9/1993

Johannes B. Neethling, Jacobus G. Prins, Dolan, J.L., "Load Equalization for Cyclic Industrial Flows", Water Environment Federation Technology and Exposition Conference (WEFTEC), 65th Annual Conference; New Orleans, LA, 9/1992

Johannes B. Neethling, Jacobus G. Prins, Schmidt, R., Stenstrom, M.K., "Field Evaluation of Activated Sludge Systems", California Water Pollution Control Conference, 64th Annual Conference; Sacramento, CA, 4/1992

Johannes B. Neethling, Henry Herman Benjes, "Field Scale Evaluation of Activated Sludge Systems Under Variable Loadings", Water Pollution Control Federation Annual Conference, 64th Annual Conference; Toronto, Canada, 10/1991

Johannes B. Neethling, Bruce E. Burris, David A. Pivetti, Burris, B.E., McCaffrey, T., "Chemical Phosphorus Removal in a Trickling Filter Plant", Water Pollution Control Federation Annual Conference, 64th Annual Conference; Toronto, Canada, 10/1991

Johannes B. Neethling, "Capital and Operating Costs of Ozone Facilities", American Water Works Association (AWWA) Annual Conference, Philadelphia, PA, 6/1991

Johannes B. Neethling, Robert B. Williams, Larrabee, E., Smythe, D., "Winery Stillage Requires Special Approach to Sanger's Wastewater Treatment Plant", California Water Pollution Control Conference, 63rd Annual; Pasadena, CA, 4/1991

Johannes B. Neethling, David A. Pivetti, "New Uniform Fire Code Impacts Disinfection Design", Water Pollution Control Federation Annual Conference, 63rd Annual Conference; Washington, D.C., 10/1990

Johannes B. Neethling, Culp, G.L., "Capital and Operating Costs of GAC Facilities", American Water Works Association (AWWA) Annual Conference, Cincinnati, OH, 6/1990

Johannes B. Neethling, Ro, K-S, "Hydrodynamic Behavior of Single Biological Particles from Fluidized Beds", Water Pollution Control Federation Annual Conference, 62nd Annual Conference; San Francisco, CA, 10/1989


Johannes B. Neethling, Wilson, L.C., "Reverse Osmosis Membrane Interaction with Halogenated Organic Compounds", Chemical Congress of North America/ACS National Meeting, 3rd Annual; Toronto, Canada, 6/1988

Johannes B. Neethling, Gabbita, K.V., Stenstrom, M.K., "Effect of Humic Acids on Reverse Osmosis Membranes", American Chemical Society Symposium, Denver, CO, 4/1987

Johannes B. Neethling, Chung, Y.C., "Microbial Activity Measurements for Anaerobic Sludge Digestion", Water Pollution Control Federation Annual Conference, 10/1986

Johannes B. Neethling, Robert B. Williams, J.B., Williams, Larrabee, E., McCaffrey, T., "The Function of Pilot Plants", California Water Pollution Control Conference, 63rd Annual; Pasadena, California

Johannes B. Neethling, Christopher M. Haney, Thomas Helgeson, "Emerging Technologies: Membrane Bioreactors"

Johannes B. Neethling, Christopher M. Haney, Thomas Helgeson, "Biological Nutrient Removal"

Johannes B. Neethling, Henry Herman Benjes, "Anaerobic Digester Mixing", Pacific Northwest Pollution Control Association (PNPCA) Annual Conference

White Paper/Others

Johannes B. Neethling, Lewis K. Mosteller, Neely, K., "Unlocking a Mystery - Investigators Find the Key to a North Carolina Plant's Chlorine Disinfection Problem", Water Environment and Technology/Operations Forum, April 1999, 4/1999

Johannes B. Neethling, Alan K. Wong, DeMaio, M., Kennedy, K., "Stress Testing: Squeezing the Most Our of Wastewater Treatment Plant Systems", Water Environment and Technology/Operations Forum, July 1998, 10(7), pp. 49-54, 7/1998

Johannes B. Neethling, Ro, K.S., "Terminal Settling Characteristics of Bioparticles"

Johannes B. Neethling, "Teaching Water and Wastewater Engineering Using Microcomputers"

Johannes B. Neethling, Paul J. Delphos, Jacobus G. Prins, "Sewer Benchmark Study Provides Operation and Maintenance Guidelines"

Johannes B. Neethling, "Review of Generic Software for Environmental Engineering Applications"

Johannes B. Neethling, "Non-Volatile Chlorinated Organics Produced During Disinfection of Reclaimed Wastewaters, Final Report, 87-10"

Johannes B. Neethling, Chung, Y.C., "J. Water Pollution Control Federation"

Johannes B. Neethling, "Hydrodynamics of Biological Fluidized Beds, WRC Project Number W-685"

Johannes B. Neethling, Cheng, R.C., Stenstrom, M., "Effects of Small Halocarbon Molecules on Reverse Osmosis Membrane Performance"

Johannes B. Neethling, David M. Murbach, Hamele, W., "Decision Tree to Select the Appropriate Drinking Water Disinfectant"

Johannes B. Neethling, "Cost Estimates for Removing Monochlorobenzene from Water Using Granular Activated Carbon"

Johannes B. Neethling, "Cost Estimates for Removing Freon 11 from Water Using Granular Activated Carbon"

Johannes B. Neethling, "Cost Estimates for Removing Ethylbenzene from Water Using Granular Activated Carbon"

Johannes B. Neethling, "Cost Estimates for Removing Bentazon from Water Using Granular Activated Carbon"


Johannes B. Neethling, Yates, R., "Advanced Oxidation, Adsorption, and Biological Processes to Reduce THM Formation"

AWARDS Local Pathfinder Team, Kalispell WWTPDesign (2007) 1st Place Presentation Poster, 2002 WEFT Exhibition and Conference, Optimization of Biological Aerated Filter and Microfiltration Operation for Wastewater Reclamation, Chicago, IL Local Pathfinder Team, EPA Alt Disinf. Man. (1997) Local Pathfinder Leadership (1997) Charter Senior Professional Associate (1996)

PROFESSIONAL ENDEAVORS HDR Engineering, Inc., 1989 to Present University of California, Los Angeles, 1983 to 1989 PGJ Meiring & Partners, 1978 to 1979

PROFESSIONAL AFFILIATIONS American Academy of Environmental Engineers California Water Environment Association (CWEA), Member, 1979-Present Water Environment Federation, Member, 1979-Present Association of Environmental Engineering and Science Professors, Member, 1984-Present International Association on Water Quality, Member, 1997-Present Minnesota Wastewater Think, Member, Present

J.B. Neethling, PhD, PE€¦ · 1. EDUCATION . Doctor of Philosophy, of nutrie Civil/Sanitary...

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