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Transcript of Jazz Fundamentals - polarch.com Fundamentals 04 Bebop.pdf · Jazz Fundamentals Greg Polanik...
![Page 1: Jazz Fundamentals - polarch.com Fundamentals 04 Bebop.pdf · Jazz Fundamentals Greg Polanik Coordinator Corina Iukovici Co-Coordinator ... Important Bop Players • Thelonious Sphere](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021421/5a7a69027f8b9a07508db6b0/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Jazz Fundamentals
Greg Polanik CoordinatorCorina Iukovici Co-Coordinator
Academy for Lifelong LearningCape Cod Community College
Spring 2015
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Chapter 4Bebop
Oo Bop Sh' Bam!Dizzy Gillespie
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Bebop
• 1945-1950s(development began 1940-1945)
• Bop; Sub-Style: Cu-Bop
• The First Period of Modern Jazz
• Named for it’s energetic nature
• And for a common 2 note phrase
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1940 - 1950
• WWII
• Atomic Bomb
• Jackie Robinson
• Soviet Union
• McCarthyism
• Beat Generation
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The Roots Bebop
• Jam Sessions at Minton’s Playhouse
• Serious musicians, bored with the Swing they played for work
• Informal, Experimental, Competitive
• Explored new harmonic ideas
• Exclusionary (speed, complexity)
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Those who want to knowwhat sound goes into my music
should come to NYand open their ears
Thelonious Monk
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Bebop Music
• Music for Listening, not for Dancing
• Based on Improvisation
• Creativity, not commercial success
• Spontaneity, not polished & arranged
• Complex harmonic ideas
• Small Clubs, not Dance Halls
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Jam Session Core Players
• Charlie Parker (alto sax)
• Dizzy Gillespie (trumpet)
• Thelonious Monk (piano)
• Kenny Clarke (drums)
• Milt Hinton (bass)
• Charlie Christian (guitar)
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Jazz musicians are only workerswho will put in a full shift for pay
and then go somewhere else& continue to work for free
George Carlin
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Swing v Bop Saxophone
• Coleman Hawkins & Charlie Parker
Improvisation
• Swinging v Flying High
• Melodic, scalar improvisation v angular, upper chord tones
• They are Lip-Syncing
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Playing ‘bop’ is likeplaying Scrabble
with all the vowels missing
Duke Ellington
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Cultural Phenomenon
• For the public: a rejection of things conformist and mainstream
• For musicians: a political statement, declaration of independence, a cult
• A break with the racial stereotype of Blacks entertaining Whites (Louis)
• Followers emulated Dizzy’s beret, goatee & glasses; Bird’s addiction
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any old way will doas long as it's different from
the way you played it before ...
you got no melody to rememberand no beat to dance to
Louis Armstrong
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Bebop differs from Swing
• Small groups not big bands
• Soloists are main personalities
• Energetic, erratic rhythms
• Fast chord changes
• Too fast (or too slow) to dance
• Angular, disjointed melodies
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Bebop differs from Swing
• More complex harmony (9ths, 13ths)
• Altered chords (b5, b9, #9, #11)
• ‘Head Arrangements’ not written
• Trumpet & Sax (alto) most important
• Training ground is small clubs
• Songs re-written Standards
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Bop Band
• Organized into 2 Sections
• Horns: TrumpetSaxophone (alto)
• Rhythm Section: Piano, String Bass,Drums, (Guitar)
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Rhythm Section• Standardized for Modern Jazz
• Piano: Harmony, Rhythmic AccentsSpare Comping
• Bass: Timekeeping, Harmonic BottomAll 4 Beats + Embellishment
• Drums: Timekeeping, Ride CymbalAccents Interact with Soloist
• Guitar: Harmony, Rhythmic AccentsHorn-like Solos
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Bebop has set musicback twenty years
Tommy Dorsey
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Sheet Music v Chart
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Sheet Music v Chart
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Ride / Crash Cymbal
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String Bass
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Bop Harmonic Structure
• Keep the original Melody, butChange the Chords of a Standard
• Write a new Melody, butKeep the Chords of a Standard
• Write a new melody, andChange the chords of a Standard
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Soloing on Chord Changes
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Important Bop Players
• Charlie ‘Yardbird’ ‘Bird’ ParkerAlto Saxophone – virtuoso player
• Most important player in Modern Jazz
• Brilliant innovator, influenced all
• New rhythmic & harmonic soloing
• Bluesy Kansas City inflections
• Heroin & Alcohol destroyed him
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When Bird came on the scene,it was shocking as in the Bible:
everything was dark& then there was light
Shorty Rogers
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Important Bop Songs
• Charlie Parker
Shaw ‘NuffKo-KoBillie’s BounceXxxxXxxx
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Most of the soloists at Birdlandhad to wait for Parker’s
next record in order to find outwhat to play next
What will they do now?
Charles Minguson Bird's death
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Important Bop Players
• John Birks ‘Dizzy’ GillespieTrumpet – first modern trumpet player
• Consummate musician, composer
• Harmonic ideas, upper chord tones
• Teacher, mentor, ambassador
• Entertainer, added fun & humor
• Afro-Cuban musical influence
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It’s taken me all my lifeto learn what not to play
Dizzy Gillespie
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Important Bop Songs
• Dizzy Gillespie
XxxXxxxXxxxXxxxXxxx
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Important Bop Players
• Thelonious Sphere MonkPiano – eccentric, quirky style
• Stride, Boogie-Woogie, Blues
• New harmonic ideas, altered chords
• Emphasized space, dissonance
• Composed many Jazz Standards
• Unusual improv influenced Free Jazz
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Wrong is right
Thelonious Monk
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Important Bop Songs
• Thelonious Monk
XxxXxxxXxxxXxxxXxxx
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Working with Monk is likefalling down a dark elevator shaft
John Coltrane
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Important Bop Players
• Kenny ClarkeDrums – redefined modern drumming
• Moved timekeeping to Ride Cymbal
• Bass & snare used for accents
• Improvised syncopated accents
• Ride cymbal & accents add energy
• Drums interact with soloist
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Those people who say there’s no music but bop are just stupid
it shows how much they don’t know
Miles Davis
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Important Bop Songs
• Kenny Clarke
XxxXxxxXxxxXxxxXxxx
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Important Bop Players
• Bud PowellPiano – created the modern style
• Most imitated bop pianist
• Codified modern comping
• Streamlined, spare left hand
• Occasional block chords or stride
• Right hand like Bird & Diz
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Important Bop Songs
• Bud Powell
XxxXxxxXxxxXxxxXxxx
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Other Important Players
• Miles Davis (trumpet)
• Fats Navarro (trumpet)
• Sonny Stitt (tenor sax)
• Dexter Gordon (tenor sax)
• Max Roach (drums)
• Roy Haynes (drums)
• Milt Jackson (vibes)
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If it wasn't for hustlers, gangsters& gamblers there'd be no Jazz
Wasn't middle-class who said'Let's go hear Bird tonight'
Betty Carter
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I made the wrong mistakes
Thelonious Monkafter playing a disappointing solo
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Music is your experience, your thoughts, your wisdom
If you don't live it, it won't come out of your horn
Charlie Parker
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Music Theory
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Melody
Scales used for solos change as thechords change
Faster chord changes make soloingmore difficult
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Harmony
Chords add upper harmonic extensions
9ths, 11ths, 13ths (keyboard)
Chords use altered notes
b5, #5, b9, #9, #11
Chord substitutions
Reharmonize
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Rhythm
Bop rhythms more varied than Swing
Rhythmic feel less clearly stated
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Form
Common Bop Song Form
IntroHeadSolos (repeated choruses)HeadEnding
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Jazz Vocabulary
• Chart – chords and melody only
• Head Arrangement - memorized
• Reharmonize – use new chords
• Standard – well known Jazz song
• Trading 4s – alternating soloists
• Turnaround – turns back to the top
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Now’s The Time
Bird