Jazz from the 19 th century to the present. Slavery in the New World Africans arrived in the new...
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Transcript of Jazz from the 19 th century to the present. Slavery in the New World Africans arrived in the new...
Slavery in the New World Africans arrived in the new world as
indentured servants and slaves in the 17th and 18th centuries
They had to endure living under European rule
Skilled artisans, craftsmen, and farmers Merging of two different cultures Work Songs: Example, “Hoe, Emma,
Hoe”
Types of music Secular
Field hollers, shouts, homemade instruments (such as the banjo, tambourine, washboards)
Spiritual Both used call and response,
improvisation, poly-rhythms Many spirituals had double meanings Race records in the 1920s promoted
popular blues singers
Jim Crow Era Segregation laws Billie Holiday, “Strange Fruit” It is believed that, “…segregation probably
accelerated the development of jazz because such a large number of talented young men (and some women) went into it who might have, if society had been less racially restrictive, either played some other form of music or not played music at all.”
http://www.pbs.org/jazz/time/time_jim_crow.htm
World War I April 16, 1917 America entered WWI The GIs brought ragtime to France The war paved the way for, “The
Roaring Twenties Fast living Organized crime Speakeasies Vibrant jazz
The Great Depression 1929 the stock Market crashed Jazz came to symbolize American
freedom and to break down barriers that had separated Americans
Jelly Roll Morton, “Hesitation Blues”
Swing In the mid 1930s jazz became America’s
popular music Helped the record industry grow Dancehalls of Harlem defining music Bands Career musicians with a fan base Benny Goodman, “Sing, Sing, Sing” “Swing Kids” film clip
People to know Benny Goodman, “Sing, Sing, Sing” Louis Armstrong, “St. Louis Blues” Louis Armstrong & Ella Fitzgerald, “Let’s
Call the Whole Thing Off” Duke Ellington, “Take the A Train”
WWII December 7, 1941 America at war “Bandsmen today are not just jazz
musicians, they are soldiers of music.” Down Beat
African-American soldiers were often alienated as were young black musicians
Dizzy Gillespie experienced this alienation first hand
Dizzy Gillespie, “Salt Peanuts”
New Orleans What is it about America and New
Orleans that helped to nurture Jazz? What makes Jazz an American form of
music? Who settled in New Orleans?
New Orleans (Continued) People who moved from the American
South to NOLA brought The Blues, Folk Music, Work Songs, Church Songs
Creole people were Classical musicians from the European Classical Tradition
West Indies and Caribbean music African music
Jim Crow Ragtime and the Blues appeared in New
Orleans in the 1890s Ragtime was spread by itinerant
musicians and sheet music) What were some reactions to Ragtime?
The Gift Ken Burn’s, “Jazz” Documentary, “The
Gift” “The deepest human feeling…[Louis
Armstrong] is the embodiment of Jazz music.” –Winton Marsalas
Phonographs and sheet music brought music to the people everywhere
The Jazz Age: After WWI Chicago and NYC (Times Square and
Harlem) Migration to NYC The Harlem Renaissance: Marcus
Garvey, Langston Hughes, Zora Neale Hurston, W.E. DuBois
Piano Stride Piano Cutting Contests James P. Johnson: pianist and writer of,
“The Charleston” the tune that defined The Jazz Age
The music Willie “The Lion” Smith Harlem Rent Parties Duke Ellington The Cotton Club Fletcher Henderson Louis Armstrong (from New Orleans) Benny Goodman
Thursday’s Pentatonic Improv Communication through music Improvisation Parameters and improvisation Freedom in music Influencing each other Art is not created in a vacuum How art grows and changes
Jazz at Lincoln Center Mission Statement: “We believe Jazz is a metaphor for
Democracy. Because jazz is improvisational, it celebrates personal freedom and encourages individual expression. Because Jazz is swinging, it dedicates that freedom to finding and maintaining common ground with others. Because Jazz is rooted in The Blues, it inspires us to face adversity with persistent optimism.”
Jazz Standards Jazz at its inception was dominated by
music for dancing Musicians felt the need to include
popular music in their repertoire. Record executives realized that it would
be beneficial to promote and push certain songs
http://www.jazzstandards.com/history/
Sheet Music and The Brill Building Sheet music companies worked with record
labels to cross promote songs and artists Tin Pan Alley: an area of NYC where sheet music
publishers and songwriters worked together from the 1890s to the 1960s.
Many popular American songs were written there
The Brill Building located at 1619 Broadway, NYC http://www.humanities.uci.edu/history/ucihp/
resources/11th%20grade%20for%20website/11.5%20HOT%20Early_Days_of_Jazz.pdf
1929-1940 The era where the majority of jazz
standards originated George Gershwin Cole Porter Richard Rodgers Lorenz Hart Irving Berlin Hoagy Carmichael
George Gershwin (1898-1937) American Composer and Pianist Blending of Classical and Broadway
Ballad style Writer of Broadway shows, songs, an
opera, movie music His brother Ira Gershwin wrote most of
the lyrics
George Gershwin Worked in Tin Pan Alley for a music
publisher “song plugger” He played piano for 10 hours a day in a
cubicle for vocalists, theatre managers, bandleaders, vaudeville entertainers to sell them sheetmusic
Recorded piano rolls
Cole Porter Born in 1891 in Indiana Graduated from Yale in 1913 and wrote
the Yale Football fight song “Yale Bulldog Song” and “Bingo Eli Yale”
Attended Harvard Moved to Europe Wrote music for Broadway and film
Known for his wit and intelligence Notable Songs: “Let’s Do It (Let’s Fall in Love)” “Anything Goes” “Night and Day” “I Get a Kick Out of You” “I’ve Got You Under My Skin”
Some Different Types of Jazz Gypsy Jazz New Orleans Swing Bebop Cool Jazz Free Jazz Modal Jazz Afro-Cuban Jazz Jazz Funk Punk Jazz
Gypsy Jazz
Typified in the playing of Django Reinhardt French influences Mussette Waltz Romani guitarists working in Paris Romani were of Northern Indian
ancestry(left India between the 6th and 11th centuries) sometimes referred to as Gypsies (although believed to be a derogatory term)
Romani music + swing