By Jayden Brown Denton

Class;7halela /7Tha

Project: medieval castles

Subject: History

•INTRODUCTION

•CHAPTER 1 WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR

•CHAPTER 2 DEFENCE AND ATTACK TACTICS

•CHAPTER 3 HOW AND WHY DID CASTLES CHANGE

•CHAPTER 4 TOP 10 MOST FAMOUS CASTLES

•CHAPETR 5 A PICTURE OF A MEDIEVAL CASTLE

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Welcome to my project. My project will be on medieval castles and the different types of castles that were built from 1066 onwards.

In 1066 there was a war between the Normans, Saxons and the Vikings

The Saxons fought the Vikings, but the Vikings were drunk and not ready. The Viking were drunk and did not expect the Saxons to come that quickly. The Vikings lost their battle with the Saxons.

Four days later the Saxons and the Normans began to fight, but the Saxons didn’t have e Normans, Saxons and the Vikings were at war, was because they wanted to conqueror England and whoever won their leader would be king of England. The Saxons lost because some of their key men were left behind on the way to the battle.

The Norman's won the war and their leader William the Conqueror became king of England.

William the Conqueror built many famous Castles, his castles were very famous because they were very strong and very defensive, his castles were mostly called Motte and bailey Castles.

As soon as William landed in Pevensey he started building a castle to protect himself from any danger and to protect his important men.

William made others afraid of him and he learnt his skills from the Northern France. The Normans were very famous because of their castles the reason for this was because French kings had gained a reputation for building castles.

This was their way of coping with the constant attacks by Vikings from Scandinavia .

The attack tactics that were used where Attacking armies would set up long-term encampments at a safe distance from the castle's long-range catapults and crossbows.

The attackers were smart by cutting off as many points of access to the castle and built fences for there own protection

•To withstand besieging, castle walls were sometimes constructed to be up to 30 feet thick. Some fortresses had towers soaring a hundred feet high.

Castles changed because after castles began being built in England and many parts of Europe, timber and earth were often employed for their construction. The materiel was cheaper and after the XII century, many nobles sought to strengthen their castles to be effective against fire. Some fortresses had towers soaring a hundred feet high. The castle reigned supreme until the use of gunpowder and artillery made them rather obsolete in the late 17th century. These medieval strongholds exploited as much strength as possible. This very often involved much work and in most cases the utter reconstruction of a castle for it to be strong from its roots which was extremely useful when defending against diggers , As it can be noted in the castle timeline, castles were often enlarged because they were highly effective against foreign invaders. When trebuchet was invited to the castles the castles were all re-designed

A motte-and-bailey is a form of castle. Many were built in Britain and France in the 11th and 12th centuries, especially in England following the Norman Conquest of 1066. The motte is a raised earth mound, like a small hill, usually artificial and topped with a wooden or stone structure known as a keep. The earth for the mound would be taken from a ditch, dug around the motte or around the whole castle. The outer surface of the mound could be covered with clay or strengthened with wooden supports. The bailey is an enclosed courtyard, typically surrounded by a wooden fence and overlooked by the motte. A castle could have more than one bailey, sometimes an inner and an outer. The castles were built like that so that could see if any intruders were coming to attack .

Knights were professional soldiers, high in the order, bearing the most noble arms, and riding the best horses. Most knights travelled looking for work, to do battle. An invading army in 1066 and the need for the people of the crown to supply fighters for the home lands brought noble knighthood and chivalry to England.

Thank you for reading my presentation I hope you enjoyed it , I hope you’ve learnt a lot about William the conqueror and his castles and also 1066 when there was a great big war .

Thank you

Jayden