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Exploration and Conquering of Americas PPT
Instructions: This activity was designed to help students summarize the information on the notes page of the same name. This activity works best in small groups or pairs so that students have an opportunity to discuss the information and decide what the most important information is to write down. The key questions promote thought about the topic covered.
TEKS: WH1D, WH6A, WH6B, WH7A, WH7B, WH7C, WH7D, WH24A, WH27B
RBHYS: Summarizing and Note Taking
Why the Interest in Exploration?Asia
Marco Polo’s writings sparked European interest in Asia
Asian goods, especially spices and silk, were sought after in Europe
The Silk Road was cut off by the Ottoman Turks
Renaissance: A new spirit of inquiry
arose Europeans wanted to
explore the oceans New technology allowed
for better navigation, especially the compass and triangular lateen sail
Caravel: TAMU.edu
What impact did the Ottoman Empire have on European Exploration?
The Age of DiscoveryBoth Spain and Portugal
wanted to establish trade with Asia and financed overseas exploration
Spain’s Rulers, Ferdinand and Isabella: Captured the Muslim areas of
Spain Expelled Spain’s Jewish
Community Reunited all of Spain under
Christian Rule Sought to spread Christianity
across the worldPortugal
Prince Henry developed a lighter sailing ship
He sponsored expeditions along the coast of Africa
Ferdinand and Isabella wedding portrait, unknown artist
Why would European monarchs spend so much money on exploration?
Christopher Columbus (1451-1506)
Sea Captain from Genoa, Italy
Sailed west in 3 ships in hopes of finding a quicker route to Asia
Sponsored by the King and Queen of Spain
Found instead the Americas
This new land brought riches and raw materials to Europe
Why would Columbus risk his life to find a new trade route?
The Columbian ExchangeGoods from America
to Europe:TomatoesCornPotatoesPeppersSquashPineapplesChocolateTobaccoTurkey
Goods from Europe to America:WheatSugarCattleHorsesPigsSheepChickensGrains
Impact on the Americas: New livestock, including cattle,
sheep, and pigs, as well as crops from Africa resulted in a change in diet.
Re-introduction of horses led to changes in transportation.
New diseases such as smallpox, measles, and influenza led to the deaths of millions of Native Americans; slaves from Africa transformed labor systems.
Impact of the Columbian Exchange
Impact on Europe:New foods and plants resulted in a population
increase.The Americas became a valuable source of
cotton and sugar, resulting and colonization and plantation systems where primarily forced labor was used, leading to the development of the Trans-Atlantic slave trade.
The impact of the Columbian Exchange pushed beyond Europe into Asia where populations increased due to more nutrient-rich foods.
Impact of the Columbian Exchange
Later ExplorersVasco de Gama
(1460-1524): PortugueseDiscovered an all
water route to India
Sailed around the tip of Africa in 1497
Ferdinand Megellan (1480-1521):Portuguese1st to sail around
the world (1519)
What dangers might these men have faced in these voyages?
The Conquest of Mexico1519: Hernando Cortez
sailed from Cuba to Mexico.
The Aztecs first thought the Spanish were gods
1521 Cortez attacked the Aztecs with the help of other Native Americans.
The Aztecs were defeated mainly because a smallpox epidemic had broke out and killed many of them.
The Aztecs surrender to Cortex, The British Library
The caption means “Now the Mexica (Aztecs) were finished.”
Based on what you know about the Aztecs, why would other tribes help Cortez?
The Conquest of Peru1530 Francisco Pizarro left
Panama to conquer the Incas.The Incas just had a civil war.The Spanish pretended to be
friendly and ambushed and killed the emperor. Spain won because of their superior technology.
In 1533 Pizarro captured the Inca capital.
The Spanish forced the Inca to become Christian and were used as a labor force.
Conquistador fighting the IncasWhat advantages in technology did the Spanish have over the American natives?
Colonial Latin AmericaLatin America= blend of
European and Native American culture
Government: Viceroys (governor) ruled each Spanish province.
Spanish born citizens filled most positions in the government and military.
Gold and silver from the Americas was shipped back to Spain. This made Spain the strongest European power.
ushistory.com
What problems in governing such a large territory might the Spanish have faced?
Colonial SocietyConquistadors:
(Spanish Nobles) owned the land
Native Americans: worked the land
Priests: tried to convert the Indians to Christianity and keep them from becoming slaves
Colonial SocietyAfter a while this social
order developed:Noble officials and
landowners born in Spain (peninsulares): head of colonial society
Spanish people born in the New World (creoles)
Mixed Spanish and Native American people (mestizos)
Native Americans (did most of the hard work)
What observations do you have about this social structure?
The English Colonies1607: English
established Jamestown in Virginia
1620: Pilgrims establish colony in Massachusetts
1630: The Puritans settle near the Pilgrims
Eventually 13 colonies arose along the Atlantic coast
The Atlantic Slave TradeDisease killed
many Native Americans
A new labor force was needed in the New World
In Africa conquering tribes sold their captives to the Europeans
Based on the map, which European power acquired the most African slaves?
The Atlantic Slave TradeGrew as a system of
slavery from West Africa to the Americas (primarily the Caribbean and Brazil) and changed the social structures.
15 million Africans were enslaved
11 million went to Spanish colonies
Many died coming across the Atlantic in what has become known as the “Middle Passage.”
• Most male slaves crossed the Atlantic while most female slaves journeyed from West Africa to Southwest Africa
Legacy of the Transatlantic Slave
Trade on Africa
Encouraged African Warfare:
captured slaves were traded for guns, rum,
and other manufactured goods
Disrupted African Culture:
destroyed Africa’s culture and heritage and led to violence,
bitterness, and social upheaval
Increased Cultural Diffusion:
ideas, good, and cultures were
exchanged in Africa and the Americas
How has African culture affected
American society and culture?