Japan’s Aid :

Lessons of the Past and Expectation for the Future

Imam Hendargo A. Ismoyo

Director of Bureau for Planning and International Cooperation

Ministry of Environment, Republic of Indonesia

World Bank Report, 2002

Water Pollution

Water Pollution

Water Pollution

Tempo, Juni 2006

Industry Pollution

KLH, 2006

Forest Fire

KLH, Lewigajah, 2006

Domestic Waste

KLH, Lewigajah, 2006

Domestic Waste

Air Pollution

Pollution

Taman Nasional Bukit Duabelas, Jambi, 2002

Telah nyata kerusakan di darat dan di laut dengan sebab perbuatan manusia, supaya Diamerasakan kepada mereka sebagian (akibat) dari yang mereka perbuat supaya mereka

mengetahui (Ar Rum: 41)

The Assigment of Special Budget: 1. Annual Report for Monitoring water quality particular the municipal main river

2. Annual Report for State of the Municipal Environment Report

3. Periodic report for Municipal Domestic Waste

4. Environmental Laboratory Developed with the minimum size 200m2. The following space room: chemistry room, spektrofotomenter UV/VIS, AAS, GC dan TOC, analysis watery room and equipment of sample

5. Env Laboratory equipment particularly water quality equipments: pH meter, DO meter, konduktometer, Turbidimeter, GPS, Currentmeter dan Spektrofotometer portable dengan KIT, water sample (horizontal dan vertikal), stop watch, theodolit, ice box, salinometer, nansen/kunsen van dorn, niskin, refigerator, lemari asam, BOD inkubator, penangas air, hot plat, timbangan analitis, timbangan teknis, desikator, perangkat titrasi, furnace, magnetic stirer, centrifuge, kyehdalh, blender/mixer/ flomogenizer, alat destruksi, oven, alat destilasi, botol BOD, aerator dan alat gelas.

6. Domestic waste development such as separator conveyor, conveyor feeder and etc

7. Technology of Biogas for minimize of river pollution from settlement and agriculture

8. Integrated of waste waster treatment plan for domestic waste

9. Composting

INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCE IN ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN

INDONESIA

BACK GROUND

Environmental quality in Indonesia has been getting worse because of rapid industrial development, population growth and urbanization.

International assistance is needed as an alternative source of funding to support national development and global commitment for sustainable development.

• Early of 1990th : most of the foreign aids in environmental management in Indonesia were purposed to finance investment and physical projects, such as procurement of equipments, infrastructure development and capacity building. (EMC Project,OECF-PAE and BDTAP Project).

• 1995-2000:the foreign aids in environmental management in Indonesia tends to focus on human resources capacity building.

• 2000-present:the foreign aids in environmental management in Indonesia tends to focus on the human and institutional capacity building at regional level. The objectives is to support the decentralization / regional autonomous (such as BRISP, CEPI, DEMS-JICA, BRNP,WJEMP, Fast Track EIA)

TRENDS AND ISSUES

Bilateral Multilateral

•Australia (AusAid)•Austria•Belgium •Canada (CIDA)•Denmark (DANIDA)•German (KFW)•Japan (JBIC/JICA)•France•Finland•Korea•Netherlands•New Zealand•Norway (NORAD)•Sweden•USA•Switzerland

Asian Development Bank (ADB)•European Commission (EC)•International Monetary Fund (IMF)•Islamic Development Bank (IDB)•United Nations Development

Programme (UNDP)•World Bank (WB)•United Nations Environment

Programme (UNEP)•Kuwait Fund for Arab

Economic Development•Saudi Fund for Development•United Nations Children’s Fund•Global Environment Facility (GEF)

Sources of International Funding & Projectsin Environmental Management

Private Loan

Loan from international organization

such as private international banks

directly to private sector

Sources of Funding and Projects in MoEBilateral Cooperation (1)

• Japan (JICA)- OECF-Pollution Abatement Equipment- Environmental Management Center (EMC)- Decentralized Environmental Management System (DEMS)- Environmental Advisor

• Australia (AusAid)- Pollution Control in Indonesia (PCI)- Bapedal Regional Institutional Strengthening Project (BRISP);

May 1999 to May 2004- Indonesia-Australia Joint Working Group on Environment (IAJWGE)- Government Sector Linkage Program (GSLP)- Public Sector Linkage Program (PSLP)

• German (GTZ, KfW)- Produksih Bersih- PPLH Kalimantan Timur- ProLH-GTZ; November 1999-August 2011 - Institutional Arrangement to the Implementation of CDM under the

Kyoto Protocol, 2003- Industrial Environmental Pollution Control (IEPC)

KfW Phase I & II

Sources of Funding and Projects in MoEBilateral Cooperation (2)

• Norway (NORAD)

• Netherlands

- Addressing Global Climate Issues, especially to Stabilize Greenhouse Gas

Concentration in the Atmosphere, 2002-2003,

- Indonesia-Netherlands 4 Partite: Integrated Cilliwung Project

• Canada (SIDA)

- Environmental Management Development in Indonesia (EMDI)

- Collaborative Environmental Program in Indonesia (CEPI), until March

2003

• . Denmark

- Support to Capacity Development in Decentralized Environmental Management (2005-2007)

- Fast Track to the Environmental Impact Assessment to Support AcehProvince Pasca Earth Quack and Tsunami Disaster (2006)

- Environmental Sector Program (ESP) Phase 2 (2008 - ......)

Sources of Funding and Projects in KLH Multilateral Cooperation

• ADB- Bapedal Regional Network Program (BRNP)

• World Bank- Bapedal Development Technical Assistance Project (BDTAP)- West Java Environmental Management Program (WJEMP)

• UNEP-UNCTAD CBTF- Study on the Utilization of Economic Instruments to Encourage the

Sustainable Use of Natural Resources and Internalize Environmental Impacts Resulting from Trade Liberalization and Export Growth in the Industrial Sector; 2002-2003

• UNIDO- Investment Project for ODS Phase Out under the Montreal Protocol;

December 1995- 2007 - Enabling Activities to Facilitate Early Action on the Implementation of

the Stockholm Convention on POPs; June 2002-June 2004• UNDP : MLF Montreal Protocol

- Phase Out Management Plan for CFC in the Refrigeration Servicing Sector; 2003-2007

• IBRD- ODS Phase Out Investment Project; December 1995-2007

Overview of Japan Assistance in Environmental Management in

Indonesia

Loan/Soft Loan- OECF/JBIC - Pollution Abatement Equipment (PAE)

- OECF/JBIC – Regional Monitoring Capacity

Development (RMCD)

Grant- JICA - Environmental Management Center (EMC)

- JICA - Decentralized Environmental Management

System (DEMS)

- JICA - Environmental Advisor

Environmental Programs/Projects Under Japan Assistance

OECF/JBIC POLLUTION ABATEMENT EQUIPMENT (PAE)

Objectives• Assist small and medium industry in environmental

management by providing soft loan for pollution abatement equipments• Increase production effectiveness • Provide technical assistance to industry

Status Project is completed. All funds have been disbursed (Revolving funds program is now taking place)

Stakeholders Involved • MoE as an Executing Agency. Provides recommendation on

environmental investment to industry• Bank of Indonesia and Handling Banks

OECF/JBIC REGIONAL MONITORING CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT (RMCD)

Objectives• Strengthen regional monitoring activities of a total of 39 laboratories

own by Ministry of Industry and Trade, Ministry of Health and Ministry of Public Works by providing loan for laboratory equipments.

• Supported technical training course for laboratories’ staff (total of 245 staffs)

Duration1996 – December 2001

Laboratory Equipments • Water quality monitoring equipment (39 laboratories in 14 Provinces)• Air quality and noise monitoring equipments (26 laboratories in 14

provinces)• Mobile laboratories (15 laboratories in 15 provinces)

39 Laboratories Assisted by OECF/JBIC - RMCD Project

JICAENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT CENTER (EMC)

The EMC project was implemented as Project Type Technical Cooperation (PTTC)

Objectives• Develop environmental monitoring capacity in Indonesia• Established Environmental Management Center (EMC) in July 1993• Provided technical assistance to EMC

Purposes of establishing EMC• To have function as a reference laboratory• Formulation and enforcement of national environmental program• Collection and analysis of environmental information and enforcement

of training program for local government

Duration 1993 – March 2002

Environmental Management Center (EMC)Serpong, Tangerang, Indonesia

JICASTRENGTHENING DECENTRALIZED ENVIRONMENTAL

MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (DEMS)

Project Purpose :To strengthen capabilities of EMC in establishing environmental management system, and to complete framework that, by initiative of EMC, the national and local government work together for transferring the environmental management system to local governments

The Overall Goal :The capabilities of environmental management are strengthened at the national and local levels in Indonesia

Duration :July 2002 – June 2006

Activity :• Pilot Project in the Model Site: North Sumatera Province • Capacity development of SARPEDAL on development of policies• Capacity development of local governments on environmental monitoring and

surveillance

Type of Assistance

JICASTRENGTHENING DECENTRALIZED ENVIRONMENTAL

MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (DEMS)

- Technical Assistance : Long Term and Short Term Expert- Equipments

1). Maintenance and calibration 2). R&D program for laboratory waste management3). Hazardous wastes, analysis and biological test4). Production of SRM/CRM5). Development of Environmental Information System6). Study air pollution in Jakarta

- Training for staff - Providing laboratory consumable materials

Short Term Experts

-Procurement for Env. Analysis Equipment

-

Env Management System (for NSP)

Env. Management System (for NSP)

Air Pollution Monitoring

Sea Water AnalysisMaintenance for Quality Monitoring Sys.

RM Preparation

Environmental Biological Analysis

Wastewater Treatment Plant Operation

Env. Information System

Vibration Measurement Development

Laboratory Waste Management

Laboratory Waste Management

Laboratory Waste Management

Air Pollution MonitoringMaintenance of Machines for Analysis

FY 2004 (5 persons)FY 2003 (6 persons)FY 2002 (5 persons)

JICASTRENGTHENING DECENTRALIZED ENVIRONMENTAL

MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (DEMS)

Training in Japan

• Environmental Monitoring Technology

• Environmental Management Administration

• Air Pollution Simulation Technology

• Noise and Vibration

• Environmental Management

• Environmental Information System

• Hazardous Waste Analysis

• Environmental Monitoring

• Laboratory Management

• Laboratory Management

• Environmental Quality Analysis

2005(3 persons)

2004(4 persons)

2003(3 persons)

2002(2 persons)

JICASTRENGTHENING DECENTRALIZED ENVIRONMENTAL

MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (DEMS)

JICAENVIRONMENTAL ADVISOR PROGRAM

Waste Management Mr. Keizo NEGI25 August 2006 – 24 August 2008

Study for environmental impact reduction effect on eco products

Study on enhancing practically sustainable development through empowering the farmers, the fishermen and the market retailers

Study for marketing research of Eco Labeling products

Formulation project Indonesian National Standard (SNI)

Study on the pilot project for certification of Indonesian Eco Label

Study on Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) implementation in local government for greening the decision making process

Study on the evaluation of the current status of goiter case distribution in Porong River in East Java Province

Study on current status of public/private environmental laboratories

Study on Eco Label Criteria for paper product, wrapping and tissue paper, textile products, leather and shoes product, dry cell products and recycling system, recycled fiber textile

Eco Office Operation

Study on the Air Quality Improvement Analysis by New Emission Regulation of Vehicle

Study on River Basin Management Program in Deli RiverMr. Tetsuro FUJITSUKA11 June 2003 – 10 June 2006

Study for Development of Technical Guideline on Industrial Waste Management

Making Booklet of Global Warming

Study for Development of Regulatory System of Solid Waste Management

The study of Environmental Monitoring in East Java ProvinceMr. Shinsuke UNISUGA10 August 2000 – 31 March 2003

ProjectsName

Expectation for the FutureInternational Assistance in

Environmental Management

Objective and Priority

Environmental Development

(RPJMN 2004-2009)Objective:

“ Improvement of environmental function and natural resources management towards mainstreaming of

sustainable development in all sector “

Priority:“ Improve natural resources management and

environmental conservation ”

1. Generate natural resources management and environmental policy to achieve sustainable development

2. Develop coordination and partnership with stakeholders focused on natural resources and environmental management taking into consideration efficiency, fairness and sustainability

3. Prevent environmental degradation of natural resources and pollution control in regard to environmental conservation

MissionMissionMission

1. Generate the improvement of environmental quality

Objectives:

1.1 Reduction of pollution loads in water, air, atmosphere, sea and soil

1.2 Reduction of degradation rates in water resources, land and forest, biodiversity, energy, atmosphere and coastal ecosystem

1.3 Implementation of environmental consideration into planning and development process as well as in the monitoring of environment and spatial utilization

1.4 Improvement of environmental compliance to safeguard the environment

Goals and Objectives Goals and Objectives

2. Generate good environmental governance

Objectives:

“Mainstreaming of good environmental governance in environment and natural resources management at central and local government”

Goals and Objectives Goals and Objectives

3. Improvement of MoE’s capacity in environmental management

Objectives:

“Generate of MoE’s capacity in conducting its tasks and functions”

• Fund still available fund from bilateral & multilateral cooperation

• MoE as a focal point for environmental management in Indonesia

• International cooperation in environmental management tend to increase

• Global commitment that have to be fulfilled by developed country (such as ODA)

• Various laws available including the Law No 23/1997 on Environmental Management

• Good political will from the political leaders

• Good administration

• Different interests between MoEand Donors

• Donors tend to ‘withdraw’ as much as possible their fund by using their expatriate experts

• Difficulty in providing counterpart budget

Strength

Impediment

ChallengesInternal Factor External Factor

• Weakness in producing sound and interesting proposals

• Weakness in lobbying capacity

• Foreign language barrier

• Possible duplication among technical assistances

Threat

Factors Influencing Potential Aids in Environmental Management

• Increase capacity in proposal writing and lobby• Use expatriate or local experts in proposals

development• Develop good relationships and international

networking• Increase capacity in negotiation of project

proposals (sound approach and lobbying) • Pro-active and outward looking• Use international fora to meet potential donors• Increase opportunity of funding through NGOs • Good governance in administering foreign aids

STRATEGY