Japanese Geography

Japanese GeographyJapan: Physical Characteristics

Japans four major islands are Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, ShikokuJapan actually consists of 1000s of islandsThe capital of Japan is TokyoJapan: Physical CharacteristicsJapan is a little smaller than CaliforniaJapans climate varies greatly.Why?Land is distributed North to SouthNorthern areas have climates similar to PortlandSouthern areas have climates similar to the Bahamas

Physical CharacteristicsMuch of Japan is covered in mountains or volcanoes.Population: 125 millionMost people live crowded along cities on the coast.

Japan: Land of EarthquakesJapan suffers through frequent earthquakes because of its position along the intersection of tectonic plates.

TSUNAMIS

an unusually large sea wave produced by a seaquake or undersea volcanic eruption

JAPANESE TSUNAMI - MARCH 11, 2011Pictures of destructionVideo footage of tsunami60 Minutes videoMT. FUJI

CREATION MYTH

Gods thrust a spear into the ocean, drops of water fell to the surface and formed the islandsEARLY INHABITANTS

HUNTER GATHERERS CAME TO JAPAN FROM THE MAINLAND (10,000 YEARS AGO)CHINESE INFLUENCES

Introduction of Buddhism to Japan in the 500s opened Japan up to Chinese influences

Art, medicine, astronomy, philosophy, writing

SETTLING DOWN

710 - first permanent Japanese capital is built at NaraSETTLING DOWN

- capital is moved to Heian (Kyoto)

1867 capital is moved to TokyoNARA PERIOD (700s)Formal capital with palace, broad streets, public squares

Buddhism reaches its peak, does not replace Shinto

First written literature (histories, poems)

TODAJJI TEMPLEHEIAN (KYOTO) PERIOD (800s 1800s) Pursuit of beauty (poems, calligraphy, gift wrapping.)

Women & literature (Tale of Genji)

Political decay (warlords controlled local areas)

FEUDALISMA SYSTEM IN WHICH LARGE LANDOWNERS GIVE PROTECTION TO PEOPLE IN RETURN FOR THEIR SERVICES MERCHANTSMAKE AND SELL GOODS (FOOD, WEAPONS, ARMOR, CLOTHING)FARMERS/PEASANTSWORK THE DAIMYOS (LORDS) LAND IN RETURN FOR FOOD, SHELTER, AND PROTECTIONSAMURAIYOUR JOB IS TO COLLECT THE RICE FROM THE PEASANTS. IF THEY DO NOT HAVE ENOUGH RICE YOU MUST TAKE ONE AWAY AND EXECUTE THEM. IF THE RICE IS NOT GOOD QUALITY, YOU DO NOT HAVE TO ACCEPT IT.

ANY PEASANT CAUGHT STEALING OR HIDING RICE IS ALSO EXECUTED.

AFTER YOU HAVE TAKEN THE RICE YOU CAN GO TRADE YOUR RICE FOR GOODS FROM THE MERCHANTS. YOU SET THE PRICE (IN RICE) FOR THE GOODS, THE MERCHANT DOES NOT SET THE PRICE.ARTISTANS/MERCHANTSYOUR JOB IS TO DRAW GOODS THE SAMURAI WANT:SWORDS, ARMOR, SADDLES, MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, CLOTHES, DISHES

YOU ALSO MAKE THE GOODS THE ARTISANS HAVE CREATED AND TRADE THEM WITH THE SAMURAI FOR RICE. PRICES ARE SET BY THE SAMURAI, NOT THE MERCHANTS.

IF THE PEASANTS HAVE ANY RICE LEFT OVER, THEY MAY ALSO TRADE WITH THE MERCHANTS.ARTISANSYOUR JOB IS TO DRAW GOODS THE SAMURAI WANT:SWORDS, ARMOR, SADDLES, MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, CLOTHES, DISHESPEASANTSYOUR JOB IS TO MAKE RICE. YOU HAVE TO WRITE THE WORD RICE IN ALL CAPITALS ON A PIECE OF PAPER AND DRAW A PICTURE OF RICE ON EACH PIECE OF PAPER. THE SAMURAI WILL COLLECT YOUR RICE AND YOU MUST SURRENDER ALL THAT THEY ASK FOR AND/OR SEE. HIDE ANY THAT YOU CAN SO YOU WILL HAVE ENOUGH TO EAT AND TRADE.

WARRIOR CULTURE

SHOGUN

Means General

Title given by the emperor in late 1100s

Had military and political power

Shogunate military government

DAIMYOLand-owning warriors & highest ranking samurai (medieval lords)

Daimyo offered protection to peasants who worked their land, in return the peasants paid taxes (feudalism)

Samurai pledged their loyalty to a daimyo

SAMURAILoyal to a daimyo

Fought on horseback

Loose fitting clothes/armor

Bows, arrows, swords

Honor, Honor, Honor (code of Bushido)

BUSHIDO

Shoguns, daimyo, and samurai all followed the code of Bushido

The way of the warrior bravery, self-discipline, loyalty

Dishonor or defeat led to ritual suicide (seppuku)

JAPANESE RELIGIONSZEN BUDDHISM& SHINTOISMZEN TEMPLES

TOKYO

KYOTO

ZEN GARDENS

TOURZEN MARTIAL ARTSSHINTO SHRINES

ZEN OR SHINTO?The ancient, traditional religion of Japan. It has no founder.Worship kami. It is so old nobody remembers when exactly it began.Came to Japan in 1191.Meditation helps them purify their minds.Has scripture but does not place a great deal of emphasis on it. Worship at a shrine and the most famous is the shrine dedicated to the goddess Amaterasu.Believe in many gods.Individual experience/behavior is more important than scripture. Teachers can only help so much.Is a religion of nature.Strong connection with the martial arts.ZEN OR SHINTO?The ancient, traditional religion of Japan. It has no founder. SWorship kami. It is so old nobody remembers when exactly it began. SCame to Japan in 1191. ZMeditation helps them purify their minds. ZHas scripture but does not place a great deal of emphasis on it. Z Worship at a shrine and the most famous is the shrine dedicated to the goddess Amaterasu. SBelieve in many gods. SIndividual experience/behavior is more important than scripture. Teachers can only help so much. ZIs a religion of nature. SStrong connection with the martial arts. ZBY THE 1500S.

Japan was in turmoil

Emperor and Shogun were figureheads

Daimyo (warlords) were fighting against each other

the strongest eat the weak and become the meat Japanese saying of the time

TOKUGAWA SHOGUNATEBegan in 1600 when Tokugawa Ieyasu became Shogun (lasted for 250 yrs)

Established his govt in Edo (Tokyo)

Emperor remained in Kyoto but Tokugawa had the real power

TOKUGAWA IEYASUCHANGES UNDER THE TOKUGAWA.Divided Daimyo into 3 groups: a. Relatives (best lands near Edo)b. Long-time supportersc. Recent supporters

New rules for daimyo:a. Sankin-Kotai (attendance by turn)b. Permission to repair/build castles

Metsuke officials who travelled the country to look for and report trouble

4. Seclusion Policy cant leave country, killed upon your returnMETSUKE

CONTACT WITH THE WEST

1500s Europeans first come to Japan

Early 1600s Japanese cut off almost all trade (similar to Chinese response to the West)

Get out! We dont want you here!!!IN THE 1850s MANY JAPANESE WERE HORRIFIED WHEN THEY SAW WHAT THEY THOUGHT WERE GIANT DRAGONS PUFFING SMOKE ON THE HORIZON Of THE PACIFIC OCEAN. WHILE THEIR FEARS OF A DRAGON WERE NEVER REALIZED, A SIGNIFICANT NEW ERA IN JAPANESE HISTORY HAD BEGUN. WHAT DO YOU THINK THE JAPANESE ACTUALLY SAW AND WHAT NEW ERA WAS BEGINNING?

COMMODORE MATTHEW PERRY 1853 4 American warships led by Perry sailed into Edo (Tokyo)

Shogun decided to sign a treaty with the U.S. (why? think China)

In the next 5 years Japan signed treaties with Britain, France, Holland, Russia, and the U.S. (unequal treaties think China again)

here is a lists of gifts exchanged between the American and Japanese upon Perrys arrival. Put an A next to the gifts presented by the Americans and a J next to those presented by the Japanese.LifeboatsClocksSilkFarm ToolsUnusual Sea ShellsTelegraph WirePorcelain Tea SetsSoy SauceWhiskey/winePistols/SwordsMiniature RailroadTelescopeLacquer Boxes/TraysUmbrellasLifeboats (A)Clocks (A)Silk (J)Farm Tools (A)Unusual Sea Shells (J)Telegraph Wire (A)Porcelain Tea Sets (J)Soy Sauce (J)Whiskey/wine (A)Pistols/Swords (A)Miniature Railroad (A)Telescope (A)Lacquer Boxes/Trays (J)Umbrellas (J) BLACK SHIPS FESTIVAL

OPENING THE DOOR TO JAPAN..

J

A

P

A

N By the mid 1800s the U.S. and European countries wanted to open up Japan

Why?TradeCoaling port for steamshipsTreatment for shipwrecked sailors

STUPID SHOGUN!!! WHY DID HE SIGN THOSE TREATIES? LETS OVERTHROW HIM Samurai lords were furious with the treaties

1868 group of samurai overthrew the Shogun and allied themselves with a new Emperor, Mutsuhito (kept the real power for themselves)

Mutsuhito was known as the Meiji (Enlightened) Emperor and the new leaders of Japan were known as the Meiji leadersCHANGES MADE BY THE MEIJI LEADERSTheir goal was to create a great power that could compete with the West

Introduced parliamentary govt

Strengthened the military

Created an industrial society

Universal education

Ruling class based on education and talent (not birth)

--- where does this leave the samurai?

POLITICAL C ARTOONSAn image designed to convey a messageUsually political/social in nature

CREATE YOUR OWN POLITICAL CARTOON ABOUT ONE OF THE FOLLLWING.Perrys arrival in Japan in the 1850s

The Unequal treaties/the Samurai reaction to them

3. Changes made by the Meiji

22.3 TYPE 2List one example of each type of change made by the Meiji in the late 1800s

EconomicPoliticalSocialJAPAN BECOMES A WORLD POWER.. By 1890 they had:

New, stable government

b. Efficient economy

c. Strong military

POSTERSTitle Russo-Japanese war, Sino-Japanese War, Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere

Must havesWhenWhyOutcomepictureFOLDABLENEED:a. 2 pieces of paper, scissors, rulerTITLE: JAPAN BECOMES A WORLD POWERTABS:-RIGHT RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR-MIDDLE SINO-JAPANESE WARWHAT NEXT? . OVERSEAS EMPIRESINO-JAPANESE WAR (1894 1895)

China and Japan fight over KoreaJapan wins, Korea gains independenceSignal to the world (China weakening, Japan becoming stronger)

RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR(1904-1905) Japanese launched a surprise attack against Russia at Port Arthur (worried about Russian influence in Asia)

Japan wins and gets control of Korea and other areas

Another shock to the world, Russia was supposed to win easily; world takes notice

GREATER EAST ASIA CO-PROSPERITY SPHEREBy the 1940s Japan wanted to create a form of a Japanese controlled Asian empire, free of western and communist influence

After entering WWII in 1941 they continued to expand

PEARL HARBOR

PRE-QUIZWHEN DID PEARL HARBOR TAKE PLACE?(day, month, year and day of the week)WHO WAS OUR PRESIDENT AT THE TIME?WHY DID THE JAPANESE ATTACK?HOW MANY AMERICANS DIED AS A RESULT?WHEN DID PEARL HARBOR TAKE PLACE?

(DECEMBER 7, 1941- a Sunday)WHO WAS OUR PRESIDENT AT THE TIME?

(FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT)WHY DID THE JAPANESE ATTACK?

(ACCESS TO NATURAL RESOURCES, CONTROL OF THE PACIFIC)HOW MANY AMERICANS DIED AS A RESULT?

(2,500)PEARL HARBOR

DECEMBER 7, 1941

JAPAN TODAYPopulation - 127,268,088 (98.5% are ethnic Japanese)10th highest population in the world

Government Parliamentary government with a constitutional monarchy

Religion 84% are Shinto, 71% Buddhist, 2% Christian, rest are other. How is this possible if you add them up?

Emperor Akihito (since WWII, no longer seen as divine)

Prime Minister - Noda

Military - 18 years old to be part of volunteer military (only have a self-defense force now.no offensive military since WWII)

ISSUES FACING JAPAN TODAY

earthquakes

tsunami

Land for population

Nuclear reactor

Land Disputes with Russia

EMPEROR AKIHITOPRIME MINISTER Noda

http://web-japan.org/kidsweb/virtual/house/house04.html