Japan’s Coal Policy Japans Coal Policy...generation coal thermal power generation and utilize this...
Transcript of Japan’s Coal Policy Japans Coal Policy...generation coal thermal power generation and utilize this...
Japan’s Coal Policy
September 11th, 2018
Masatsugu Yoshioka
Director for Coal Division, Natural Resources and Fuel Department,Agency for Natural Resources and Energy
1. Japan’s energy policy and coal
2. Development and Deployment of Clean Coal Technologies
Items
1
2
1.Japan’s energy policy and coal
3
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
55 60 65 70 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014
新エネ等
揚水
石油等
LNG
一般水力
石炭
原子力
(100 million kWh)
(year)
Nuclear0%
Oil10.6%
LNG46.1%
Pumping up
power 0.6%
Coal31.0%
Hydro Power8.4%
Renewable3.2%
1952
Source:Japan’s Energy White Paper2016
Renewable
Pumping up power
Oil
Hydro Power
Coal
Nuclear
Hydro>Thermal era
Oil > Coal era
Oil Alternative Energy
Increase of utilization of coal fired power and import coal
1-1. Transition of power generation and composition of power sources in Japan
Japanese Government set out the 5th Strategic Energy Plan on July 3, 2018. Japan tackles the policy targets related to Safety, Energy security, Economic
efficiency, and Environment simultaneously.(3E+S)
Economic efficiency
Energy security
Self-sufficiency: About 8%(FY2016)→24%(FY2030)
Electricity cost: To lower from the current level(9.7 trillion yen in FY2013 to 9.5 trillion yen in FY2030)
<Policy target for 3E+S>
Environment Greenhouse gas emission reduction target:(reduction of 26.0% in FY 2030 compared to FY 2013)Sa
fety
is th
e to
p pr
iorit
y.
Safe
ty1-2. The 5th Strategic Energy Plan 4
1-3. Energy Mix in Japan
2030FY2016FY2010FY
Renewables 8%
Nuclear 11%
Fossil fuels: 81%Gas 18%Oil 40%Coal 23%
Renewables13-14%
Nuclear11-10%
Fossil fuels: 76%Gas 18%Oil 33%Coal 25%
Fossil fuels: 89%Gas 24%Oil 40%Coal 25%
Renewables 10%
Renewables 22-24%
Nuclear22-20%
Renewables 15% Renewables 9%
Nuclear 25%
Fossil fuels: 65%Gas 29%Oil 9%
Coal 28%
Fossil fuels: 84%Gas 42%Oil 9%
Coal 32%
Fossil fuels: 56%Gas 27%Oil 3%Coal 26%
Fossil fuels
Non-fossil fuels
Wind 1.7%
Geothermal1.0-1.1%
Solar 7.0%
Biomass3.7-4.6%
Hydro8.8-9.2%
Nuclear 2%
Primary energy
Power
The Japan’s Strategic Energy Plan is comprised of realization of long-term energy supply and demand outlook in 2030.
5
Nuclear 1%
6
(3) Coal(i) Position
Though coal has a problem ― it emits a large amount of greenhouse gas ― it is currently evaluated as a fuel for an important base-load power supply because it involves the lowest geopolitical risk and has the lowest price per unit of heat energy among fossil fuels, but it is expected that the need to adjust power output appropriately will grow as a consequence of the expansion of the introduction of renewable energy. Going forward, GOJ will promote conversion to high efficiency and next-generation coal thermal power generation and utilize this energy source while focusing on reducing the environmental load in the long term, for example by making efforts to shift to the use of cleaner gas and fadeout inefficient coal use.
1-4. Position of Coal in the 5th Strategic Energy Plan
※This translation is provisional
Coal is evaluated as an important base-load power source in the 5th Strategic Energy Plan which was approved by the cabinet on July 3, 2018.
Energy Mix by Power Sources (2015)
1-5. Comparison of sources for electricity generation• Energy mix of each country depends on its situation.
34%40%
23%
2%
44% 43%34%
23%
70%75%
0%5%
10%
8%3%
1%
0%
1% 2%
1%
1%
0%
2%
27%
5%1%
41%
23%
23%
4%
10%
22%
32%
30%
2%
5%
73%
14% 10%
1%
11%
24%
78%
14%
30%
19%
21%
3%
3%
0%
3%15%
8%16%
15%
10%
3%
0%
6%
2%
19%10%
0%
62%
57%
8% 7%13%
7%
28%
2%8%
24%
5% 5%0%
12%7%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Japan World EU France Germany Korea US UK China India Saudi Brazil Canada
Coal Oil Gas Nuclear Hydro Other RenewablesData: IEA World energy balances 2017
7
8
(3) Coal(i) Position
Though coal has a problem ― it emits a large amount of greenhouse gas ― it is currently evaluated as a fuel for an important base-load power supply because it involves the lowest geopolitical risk and has the lowest price per unit of heat energy among fossil fuels, but it is expected that the need to adjust power output appropriately will grow as a consequence of the expansion of the introduction of renewable energy. Going forward, GOJ will promote conversion to high efficiency and next-generation coal thermal power generation and utilize this energy source while focusing on reducing the environmental load in the long term, for example by making efforts to shift to the use of cleaner gas and fadeout inefficient coal use.
1-6. the need for power plant flexibility with the expansion of VRE in the 5th Strategic Energy Plan
※This translation is provisional
The need for coal fired power plant’s flexibility adjusting power output with the expansion of VRE is described in the 5th strategic energy plan.
1-7. Demand & Supply Balance in Kyushu Area (May.4th,2016)
• Dispatch ability of thermal power plant is essential.
PV
DemandCurve
Pumped Storage Power Generation
O`clock O`clock O`clock O`clock O`clock
Stop or restrain the operation of thermal power, and pump up water during day time
38% (the ratio of Renewables per day)
Increase of output of thermal power and pumped storage power, responding to the rapid electricity demand increase (around 2Gw/hour), caused by PV output decrease.
Thermal Power as a baseload
Decrease of output of thermal power, responding to electricity decrease caused by PV output increase.
4.9 million (kW) (around 66% of the total demand) out put of PV and Wind during day time(at 13:00) Pumped Storage Power Generation
Pumpingupwater
9
2.Development and Deployment of Clean Coal Technologies
10
Photos by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd., Joban Joint Power Co., Ltd., Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems, Ltd., and Osaki CoolGen Corporation
65%
60%
55%
50%
45%
40%
Gas Turbine Combined Cycle (GTCC)Power generation efficiency: Approximately 52%CO2 emissions: 340 g/kWh
Power generation efficiency
GTFC
IGCC(Verification by blowing air)
A-USC
Ultra Super Critical (USC)Power generation efficiency :
Approximately 40%CO2 emissions: Approximately 820
g/kWh
1700 deg. C-class IGCC
1700 deg. C-class GTCC
IGFC
LNG thermal power
Coal-fired power
2030Present
Integrated coal Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC)
Power generation efficiency: Approximately 46 to 50%CO2 emissions: 650 g/kWh (1700 deg. C-class)Power generation efficiency: Approximately
46%CO2 emissions: Approximately 710 g/kWh
Advanced Ultra Super Critical (A-USC)
Integrated Coal Gasification Fuel Cell Combined Cycle (IGFC)
Power generation efficiency: Approximately 55%CO2 emissions: Approximately 590 g/kWh
Gas Turbine Fuel Cell Combined Cycle (GTFC)
Power generation efficiency: Approximately 63%CO2 emissions: Approximately 280 g/kWh
Power generation efficiency : Approximately 57%CO2 emissions: Approximately 310 g/kWh
Ultrahigh Temperature Gas Turbine Combined Cycle
Power generation efficiency: Approximately 51%CO2 emissions: 350 g/kWh
Advanced Humid Air Gas Turbine (AHAT)
Around 2020
Reduction of CO2 by approximately 20%
Reduction of CO2 by approximately 30%
Reduction of CO2 by approximately 10%
* The prospect of power generation efficiencies and discharge rates in the above Figure were estimated based on various assumptions at this moment.
2-1. The prospect of highly efficient and low-carbon next-generation thermal power generation technology
Reduction of CO2 by approximately 20%
11
122-2. Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC)
Fukushima Revitalization Power540MW Nakoso IGCC (COD: Sep.2020)540MW Hirono IGCC (COD: Sep.2021)
Joban Joint Power Co.250MW Nakoso #10(Demo.2007-, Commercial 2013-)
Osaki CoolGenOsaki CoolGen Project(Demo 2016-)
IGCC Projects in Japan
• In IGCC, coal is gasified and burned at a “gas turbine”, and heat is recovered by combined cycle steam turbine.
• Thermal efficiency is approximately 46 to 50% and CO2 emissions can be reduced to approx. 700 g/kWh.
Overview○ Osaki CoolGen Project aims to realize innovative low-carbon coal-fired power generation that combines CO2 separation and capture with IGFC, which is the ultimate high-efficiency coal-fired power generation technology. Demonstration operation started on August 16, 2016.
(1) Technical feature Thermal Efficiency Target: 55% (up from 40% of USC)
※net, HHV CO2 capture & storage through Oxygen-blown IGCC
(2)Project entity: Osaki CoolGen Corporation(Joint Venture of J-POWER and Chugoku Electric Power)
(3)Project Schedule: FY2012 to FY2021
Plant image
Project Outline
Project Schedule
FY 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
<1st stage>Oxygen blown
IGCCDemonstration
<2nd stage>CO2 Capture
with IGCCDemonstration
<3rd stage>CO2 Capture
with IGFCDemonstration
Demonstrationtest
Oxygen blown IGCCDesign, Manufacturing and Construction
Demonstrationtest
CO2 CaptureDesign, Manufacturing
and ConstructionFeasibility study
Demonstration test
CO2 Capture with IGFCDesign, Manufacturingand Construction
Feasibility study
Waste water treatment unit
(Existing)
Coal gasification
unitGas clean up
unit
Waste water treatment unit(new)
CO2 capture unit
Air separation
unit
Gas turbine unit
Project Site: Osakikamijima cho, Toyota gun, Hiroshima
2-3. IGFC Demonstration Project (Osaki CoolGen) 13
2-5. Increasing capacity of coal-fired power
• The capacity of coal-fired thermal power is estimated toincrease along with economic growth mainly in India, China,and Southeast Asia.
800gCO2/kWh
709gCO2/kWh
593gCO2/kWh
World Electricity Generation (New Policies Scenario)(TWh)
Perspective of increase or decrease of Capacity of Coal-Fired and Gas-Fired Power Generation in the World
(Source: IEA World Energy Outlook 2017) (GW)
-
5 000
10 000
15 000
20 000
25 000
30 000
35 000
40 000
45 000
2000 2015 2016 2025 2030 2035 2040
Other RE
PV
Wind
Hydro
Nuclear
Gas
Oil
Coal
-200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500
Russia
US
EU
MiddleEast
Africa
Southeast Asia
India
China
Coal Gas
14
15
(3) Coal(ii) Policy Direction (Excerpt)
In order to lead global decarburization taking into account the Paris Agreement, GOJ proposes to the partner country all options that contribute to CO2 emissions reduction, including renewable energy and hydrogen, etc., based on the needs of the partner country, to actively promote “low-carbon infrastructure exports.” In this process, in the case that there is a request from a partner country for Japan’s high efficiency coal thermal power generation then only for those countries that are forced to choose coal as an energy source from the perspectives of energy security and economic viability GOJ supports the introduction of power generation equipment that is in principle at or above ultra-supercritical pressure (USC), the global state-of-the-art, taking into account OECD rules and in a form that is consistent with the energy policy and climate change measures of the partner country.
2-4. Policy for Overseas Deployment of Coal Power Plants
※This translation is provisional and not official
In the 5th Strategic Energy Plan, it is described that GOJ support overseas introduction of at or above USC in principle, taking into account OECD rules.
16
Plant Unit Size(Gross) Large Medium Small
Steam Condition >500MW ≧300MW <300MW
USC≧593℃>240Bar
Maximum repayment terms
12 yearsMaximum repayment terms
12 yearsMaximum repayment terms
12 years
SC>550℃>221Bar
Ineligible10 years
[IDA-eligible countries, Low electrification ratio,Geographically isolated location (islands area) ]
10 years [IDA-eligible countries,
Low electrification ratio,Geographically isolated location (islands area) ]
SUB-C221Bar> Ineligible Ineligible
10 years [IDA-eligible countries,Geographically isolated location (islands area) ]
2-6. OECD Sector Understanding on Export Credits for Coal-fired Electricity Generation Projects agreed in Nov-2015
Effective 1 January 2017
Thank you!
Agency for Natural Resources and Energy