Japan: Land of the Rising Sun
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Transcript of Japan: Land of the Rising Sun
KyushuKyushu
ShikokuShikoku
HonshuHonshu
HokkaidoHokkaido
Sea of JapanSea of Japan
East China SeaEast China Sea
Korea StraitKorea Strait
Sea of OkhotskSea of Okhotsk
Tsuguru StraitTsuguru Strait
Inland SeaInland Sea
Mt. FujiMt. Fuji
Japan is an Japan is an archipelago, or chain of islands , or chain of islands
in the Pacific Oceanin the Pacific Ocean that is shaped like a that is shaped like a
dragon. 4/5 of dragon. 4/5 of Japan is Japan is mountainous so mountainous so most people settled most people settled inin arable arable or or farmable river farmable river valleys and along valleys and along coastal plains. coastal plains.
Ring of FireRing of Fire
Japan is in the Japan is in the Ring of Fire or Pacific Rim of Fire, Ring of Fire or Pacific Rim of Fire, a a region with many earthquakes and volcanoes.region with many earthquakes and volcanoes.
Mt. FujiMt. Fuji
AA Tsunami Tsunami is a huge tidal waveis a huge tidal wave..A A TyphoonTyphoon are hurricanes in the Pacific Ocean.are hurricanes in the Pacific Ocean.Japan is also called the “Land of the Rising Sun.”Japan is also called the “Land of the Rising Sun.”
Geography of
Japan
Mountains
Islands
Close to Chinaand
Korea
Farming is harder
Less unity
Shintoism- religion based
on nature spirits
Sea provides food, transportation,
isolation, protection
Cultural diffusion
FeudalismFeudalismFeudalismFeudalismA political, economic, and social system that exchanges land for loyalty and military service.
A political, economic, and social system that exchanges land for loyalty and military service.
Japanese FeudalismJapanese FeudalismJapan had an emperor, Japan had an emperor,
but rival clans but rival clans battled for land.battled for land.
Warlords formed Warlords formed groups loyal to groups loyal to them, not the them, not the
emperor.emperor.
AA shogunshogun is is supreme military supreme military commander.commander.
AA daimyo daimyo isis a a powerful powerful landowner.landowner.
The shogun gave The shogun gave land to daimyo in land to daimyo in exchange for exchange for protection. protection.
Daimyos gave land Daimyos gave land to lesser warriors to lesser warriors called called samuraisamurai, or , or warriors whose warriors whose name means name means “those who serve.”“those who serve.”
Samurai followed Samurai followed a code of a code of honor, bravery, honor, bravery, and loyalty and loyalty known as known as bushidobushido, or , or “way of the “way of the warrior.”warrior.”
A samurai who A samurai who betrayed the betrayed the code of bushido code of bushido was expected to was expected to commit commit seppukuseppuku, or , or ritual suicide, ritual suicide, rather than live rather than live without honor.without honor.
The samurai The samurai would impale would impale himself on his himself on his sword.sword.
Unlike the solid Unlike the solid steel plates used steel plates used by European by European knights, knights, Japanese armor Japanese armor consisted of thin consisted of thin strips of steel strips of steel held together by held together by brightly colored brightly colored silk cords.silk cords.
The true samurai was supposed to have no The true samurai was supposed to have no fear of death.fear of death.
““If you think of saving your life,” it was said, If you think of saving your life,” it was said, “you had better not go to war at all.”“you had better not go to war at all.”
Samurai prepared for hardship by going Samurai prepared for hardship by going hungry or walking barefoot in the snow.hungry or walking barefoot in the snow.
It was said, “When a samurai’s stomach is It was said, “When a samurai’s stomach is empty, it is a disgrace to feel hungry.”empty, it is a disgrace to feel hungry.”
Below the samurai Below the samurai were the were the peasants (75-peasants (75-90% of Japan), 90% of Japan), artisans, and artisans, and merchants.merchants.
Peasants formed the Peasants formed the backbone of backbone of feudal society.feudal society.
What does that mean?What does that mean?
Don’t write!Don’t write!
Peasant families Peasant families cultivated rice cultivated rice and other crops and other crops on estates of on estates of samurai.samurai.
Some peasants Some peasants served as served as soldiers; rarely, soldiers; rarely, some even some even became samurai.became samurai.
Don’t write!Don’t write!
C
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T
L
E
S
C
A
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T
L
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NoblewomenNoblewomenSome noblewomen Some noblewomen
trained in the military trained in the military and became warriors.and became warriors.
There was no chivalry; There was no chivalry; warriors’ wives warriors’ wives endured hardships endured hardships and also owed loyalty and also owed loyalty to the lords.to the lords.
Don’t write!Don’t write!
China’s influence on JapanChina’s influence on Japan
WritingWriting
Japan Japan adapted the adapted the
Chinese Chinese writing writing
system to system to their their
language.language.
BuddhismBuddhismSpread and Spread and flourishedflourished
Zen Buddhism Zen Buddhism
Values peace, Values peace, simple living, nature simple living, nature
and beauty.and beauty.
ConfucianismConfucianism proper behavior, proper behavior,
loyalty,loyalty,honoring honoring
parents (filial parents (filial piety) and piety) and respect for respect for
learninglearning
“Harmony should be valued and quarrels (argument) should be avoided. Everyone has his bias (prejudice) and few men are far-sighted. Therefore some disobey their lords and fathers and keep up feuds (arguments) with their neighbors. But when superiors are in harmony with each other an
inferiors are friendly, then affairs are discussed quietly and the right view of
matters prevails (do well).”~Prince Shotoku
What philosophy does Prince Shotoku seem to be influenced by? Why?
• The Japanese practicedThe Japanese practiced Selective borrowing, Selective borrowing, keeping some Chinese ideas and rejected others.keeping some Chinese ideas and rejected others.
ShintoShintoShintoShinto
PolytheismPolytheism
AncestorWorshipAncestorWorship
Natural features
Trees, rocks, and mountains
Natural features
Trees, rocks, and mountains
The Worldof the kami
The Worldof the kamiMinimizesin &guilt
Minimizesin &guilt
Great
CreatorGreat
Creator
Don’t write!Don’t write!
Failure to Conquer JapanFailure to Conquer JapanA.A. In 1274 and again in In 1274 and again in
1281, Kublai Khan 1281, Kublai Khan sent huge fleets to sent huge fleets to invade Japan.invade Japan.
B.B. Both times, the Both times, the Japanese turned them Japanese turned them back.back.
C.C. A typhoon (A typhoon (kamikaze)kamikaze) even destroyed one even destroyed one Mongol fleet.Mongol fleet.
Don’t write!Don’t write!
Japanese Culture: Japanese Culture: Past and PresentPast and Present
Title: The Great Wave Off Kanagawa
Artist: Katsushika Hokusai
Date: Edo period, c. 1828
Museum/ Source: Honolulu Academy of Arts, Hawaii
Medium: Polychrome woodblock print on paper
Size: 9 7/8" X 14 5/8" (25 X 37.1 cm)
Japanese ArtJapanese Art
Japanese artists recreated historical events on scrolls.Japanese artists recreated historical events on scrolls.
Colorful woodblock Colorful woodblock prints became prints became popular.popular.
Torii Gate, Miyajima Torii Gate, Miyajima IslandIsland
Torii Gate, Miyajima Torii Gate, Miyajima IslandIsland
Torii Gate in WinterTorii Gate in WinterTorii Gate in WinterTorii Gate in Winter
Torii GateTorii GateTorii GateTorii Gate
Japanese TheaterJapanese TheaterA.A. KabukiKabuki plays plays
often portrayed often portrayed family or family or historical events.historical events.
B.B. Dressed in Dressed in colorful colorful costumes, actors costumes, actors used used exaggerated exaggerated movements to movements to convey action.convey action.
Kabuki TheaterKabuki TheaterKabuki TheaterKabuki Theater
An interior of a Kabuki theater.An interior of a Kabuki theater.
Literature Literature Japanese poets Japanese poets
adapted adapted Chinese Chinese models, models, creating creating miniature miniature poems called poems called haikuhaiku..
In only 3 lines In only 3 lines and 17 and 17 syllables, a syllables, a feeling is feeling is expressed.expressed.
Haiku Haiku : 17-syllable : 17-syllable poempoem
Haiku Haiku : 17-syllable : 17-syllable poempoem
Matsuo BashoMatsuo Basho, Master of , Master of HaikuHaiku
Spring departs.Spring departs.Birds cryBirds cryFishes' eyes are Fishes' eyes are filled with tears.filled with tears.
Zen BuddhismZen Buddhism
A.A. During Japan’s During Japan’s feudal age, Zen feudal age, Zen Buddhism Buddhism emphasized emphasized meditation and meditation and duty.duty.
B.B. Zen stressed Zen stressed compassion for compassion for all yet samurai all yet samurai fought to kill.fought to kill.
At Zen monasteries, upper-class men learned to At Zen monasteries, upper-class men learned to express devotion to nature in such activities as express devotion to nature in such activities as landscape gardening.landscape gardening.
Zen monks were the leading scholars and Zen monks were the leading scholars and artisans of feudal Japan. The temple served as a artisans of feudal Japan. The temple served as a Zen monastery and a peaceful retreat for visiting Zen monastery and a peaceful retreat for visiting shoguns seeking advice.shoguns seeking advice.
Chanoyu Chanoyu : Tea : Tea CeremonyCeremony
Chanoyu Chanoyu : Tea : Tea CeremonyCeremony
A Japanese Tea A Japanese Tea MasterMaster
A Japanese Tea A Japanese Tea MasterMaster
A Japanese Tea A Japanese Tea HouseHouse
A Japanese Tea A Japanese Tea HouseHouse
Origami Origami : The Art : The Art of Japanese Paper of Japanese Paper
FoldingFolding
Origami Origami : The Art : The Art of Japanese Paper of Japanese Paper
FoldingFolding
Origami Origami : Modern : Modern AdaptationsAdaptations
Origami Origami : Modern : Modern AdaptationsAdaptations
CalligraphyCalligraphy CalligraphyCalligraphy
The elaborate rituals of the tea ceremony The elaborate rituals of the tea ceremony reflected Zen values of peace, simplicity, and reflected Zen values of peace, simplicity, and love of beauty.love of beauty.
Bonzai Bonzai : A Unique : A Unique Method of MeditationMethod of Meditation
Bonzai Bonzai : A Unique : A Unique Method of MeditationMethod of Meditation
Japanese Garden for Japanese Garden for MeditationMeditation
Japanese Garden for Japanese Garden for MeditationMeditation
Japanese Zen GardenJapanese Zen GardenJapanese Zen GardenJapanese Zen Garden
Japanese Sand Japanese Sand GardenGarden
Japanese Sand Japanese Sand GardenGarden
Miniature Rock/Sand Miniature Rock/Sand GardenGarden
Miniature Rock/Sand Miniature Rock/Sand GardenGarden
DOMO ARIGATO!DOMO ARIGATO!
Japanese FeudalismJapanese Feudalism European FeudalismEuropean Feudalism
EmperorEmperor - - Highest position but no political power
ShogunShogun - - Actual ruler
DaimyoDaimyo - -Powerful landowners
SamuraiSamurai- gave protection for land
Code of BushidoCode of Bushido-- behavior code
SeppukuSeppuku- ritual suicide, rather than live without honor
Peasants and artisansPeasants and artisans-- provided food and weapons
MerchantsMerchants- gained status slowly
KingKing
Lords and noblesLords and nobles
KnightsKnights
Code of ChivalryCode of Chivalry
PopePope
SerfsSerfs
MerchantsMerchants- High Middle AgesLaterLater
Let’s compare European Feudalism to Let’s compare European Feudalism to Japanese Feudalism!Japanese Feudalism!
Similarities between a samurai and Similarities between a samurai and a knight are…a knight are…
Differences between them are…Differences between them are…