January 28, 1986. Chart given from Morton Thiokol to NASA E. Tufte, pp. 46-47, Visual Explanations.
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Transcript of January 28, 1986. Chart given from Morton Thiokol to NASA E. Tufte, pp. 46-47, Visual Explanations.
![Page 1: January 28, 1986. Chart given from Morton Thiokol to NASA E. Tufte, pp. 46-47, Visual Explanations.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062807/5697c01d1a28abf838cd0b6e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
January 28, 1986
![Page 2: January 28, 1986. Chart given from Morton Thiokol to NASA E. Tufte, pp. 46-47, Visual Explanations.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062807/5697c01d1a28abf838cd0b6e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Chart given from Morton Thiokol to NASA
E. Tufte, pp. 46-47, Visual Explanations
![Page 3: January 28, 1986. Chart given from Morton Thiokol to NASA E. Tufte, pp. 46-47, Visual Explanations.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062807/5697c01d1a28abf838cd0b6e/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Redrawn (Tufte)
![Page 4: January 28, 1986. Chart given from Morton Thiokol to NASA E. Tufte, pp. 46-47, Visual Explanations.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062807/5697c01d1a28abf838cd0b6e/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Visual Perception
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How many 3’s?
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![Page 5: January 28, 1986. Chart given from Morton Thiokol to NASA E. Tufte, pp. 46-47, Visual Explanations.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062807/5697c01d1a28abf838cd0b6e/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
The Eye’s Fovea
![Page 6: January 28, 1986. Chart given from Morton Thiokol to NASA E. Tufte, pp. 46-47, Visual Explanations.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062807/5697c01d1a28abf838cd0b6e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: January 28, 1986. Chart given from Morton Thiokol to NASA E. Tufte, pp. 46-47, Visual Explanations.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062807/5697c01d1a28abf838cd0b6e/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Gestalt Principles
• Grouping– proximity, similarity, continuity
• Form perception– closure, area, symmetry
![Page 8: January 28, 1986. Chart given from Morton Thiokol to NASA E. Tufte, pp. 46-47, Visual Explanations.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062807/5697c01d1a28abf838cd0b6e/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Gestalt Principles
• Pop out
![Page 9: January 28, 1986. Chart given from Morton Thiokol to NASA E. Tufte, pp. 46-47, Visual Explanations.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062807/5697c01d1a28abf838cd0b6e/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Gestalt Principles
• Motion, especially when coming into view
![Page 10: January 28, 1986. Chart given from Morton Thiokol to NASA E. Tufte, pp. 46-47, Visual Explanations.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062807/5697c01d1a28abf838cd0b6e/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Gestalt Principles
• More difference gets recognized faster• But simultaneous features can overload system
• Gestalt recognition proportional to resolution – i.e., works better in the center (except for motion)
Remember:• Periphery faster• More light
sensitive
![Page 11: January 28, 1986. Chart given from Morton Thiokol to NASA E. Tufte, pp. 46-47, Visual Explanations.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062807/5697c01d1a28abf838cd0b6e/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Color Orders (Edward Tufte)
![Page 12: January 28, 1986. Chart given from Morton Thiokol to NASA E. Tufte, pp. 46-47, Visual Explanations.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062807/5697c01d1a28abf838cd0b6e/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: January 28, 1986. Chart given from Morton Thiokol to NASA E. Tufte, pp. 46-47, Visual Explanations.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062807/5697c01d1a28abf838cd0b6e/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Typography
![Page 14: January 28, 1986. Chart given from Morton Thiokol to NASA E. Tufte, pp. 46-47, Visual Explanations.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062807/5697c01d1a28abf838cd0b6e/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
The Competing Hypothesis: Familiarity
“Legibility, in practice, amounts simply to what one is accustomed to” -- Eric Gill, 1931
=> No Robust Evidence for Serif Hypothesis
![Page 15: January 28, 1986. Chart given from Morton Thiokol to NASA E. Tufte, pp. 46-47, Visual Explanations.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062807/5697c01d1a28abf838cd0b6e/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Implications for UI Design
• Need to think about human capabilities• Need to design for tasks
![Page 16: January 28, 1986. Chart given from Morton Thiokol to NASA E. Tufte, pp. 46-47, Visual Explanations.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062807/5697c01d1a28abf838cd0b6e/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Put it all together
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http://nymag.com/nymetro/health/features/11700/index1.html
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Memory
• Three “types”– Short-term memory Conscious thought, calculations– Intermediate Storing intermediate results, future
plans– Long-term Permanent, remember everything
ever happened to us
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Memory: Sort Term
• Short Term (Working) Memory (WM) – Gets basic recognition from Sensory Store
• “Stop sign” vs. “red octagon w/white marks”– 7 +/- 2 “chunks”
• 4048946328 vs. 404-894-6328
– WM: NominalRange• Capacity: 7 chunks[5 - 9] chunks• Decay Time: 7 seconds [5 - 226] seconds• Access Time: 70ms [25 - 170] ms
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Memory: Long Term
• Long Term Memory (LTM)– “Unlimited” size– Slower access time (100ms)– Little decay– Episodic & Semantic
• Why learn about memory?– Know what’s behind many HCI techniques– Predict what users will understand