Jane Warren Amanuel Haile Asfaw Avis Garcia University of Wyoming Professional Studies Department
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Transcript of Jane Warren Amanuel Haile Asfaw Avis Garcia University of Wyoming Professional Studies Department
LEARNING FROM THE PAST TO ENHANCE THE FUTURE: ETHICS
ISSUES AND TRAINING NEEDS OF RURAL COUNSELING PRACTITIONERS
Jane WarrenAmanuel Haile Asfaw
Avis GarciaUniversity of Wyoming
Professional Studies Department
Counselor Education Program
Research Team
Jane Warren-University of Wyoming-Department of Professional Studies - Counseling program
Amanuel Haile Asfaw- University of Wyoming-Department of Professional Studies - Counseling program
Carrie Ahls - University of Wyoming-Department of Professional Studies -Counseling program
Johnna Carlene Nunez -University of Wyoming-Department of Social Work program
Jennifer Weatherford -University of Wyoming-Department of Professional Studies-Educational Research program
Noor Syamilah Zakaria - University of Wyoming-Department of Professional Studies - Counseling program
Outline
Ice breaker-Your most difficult ethical challenge this last year
Ethics in counseling Ethics challenges in rural settings Our research Relevance of our research Apply to your own wellness Apply to your ethical challenge Dialogue
The Best of Times-The Worst of Times…
Imagine for a few minutes your most difficult ethical challenge you had this year
What made it difficult? What did you do?
The Best of Times-The Worst of Times…
Share your insights with someone next to you…
Brief discussion…
Ethics in Counseling
Professional—to profess to do (Ponton & Duba, 2009)
Ethics make a profession, a profession…
Ethics in Counseling
Counseling defined (ACA)Counseling is a professional relationship
that empowers diverse individuals, families, and groups to accomplish mental health, wellness, education, and career goals.…..a basic framework and that each
participating organization is welcome to add a statement that fleshes out the particular specialty or area of focus.
Ethics in CounselingEthical Practice
ACA Codes-APGA-1961-Ist codes 5 revisions since 1961 ( every 7-10 years) March 2014 most recent changes
Why???
Ethics in CounselingACA 2014 Code of Ethics: Nine Sections
Section A: The Counseling Relationship Section B: Confidentiality and Privacy Section C: Professional Responsibility Section D: Relationships With Other Professionals Section E: Evaluation, Assessment, and
Interpretation Section F: Supervision, Training, and Teaching Section G: Research and Publication Section H: Distance Counseling, Technology, andSocial Media Section I: Resolving Ethical Issues
Ethics in CounselingSix Functions of 2014 Codes
1. Sets forth the ethical obligations of ACA members and provides guidance intended to inform the ethical practice of professional counselors.
2. Identifies ethical considerations relevant to professional counselors and counselors-in-training.
3. Enables the association to clarify for current and prospective members, and for those served by members, the nature of the ethical responsibilities held in common by its members.
4. Serves as an ethical guide designed to assist members in constructing a course of action that best serves those utilizing counseling services and establishes expectations of conduct with a primary emphasis on the role of the professional counselor.
5. Helps to support the mission of ACA. 6. The standards contained serve as the basis for
processing inquiries and ethics complaints concerning ACA members
Ethics in CounselingProfessional Values-2014 Preamble
Professional values are an important way of living out an ethical commitment. The following are core professional values of the counseling profession: 1. enhancing human development throughout the life
span; 2. honoring diversity and embracing a multicultural
approach in support of the worth, dignity, potential, and
uniqueness of people within their social and cultural contexts;
3. promoting social justice; 4. safeguarding the integrity of the counselor–client
relationship; and 5. practicing in a competent and ethical manner.
Ethics Challenges in Rural Settings
Research has identified: dual relationships, multiple roles, unique community standards, isolation, lack of access to training and supervision, given cases for which they are not prepared, role conflicts, inconsistencies, idiosyncratic choices in such ethical practices as
confidentiality and informed consent, burnout/self-impairment.
Ethics Challenges: Errors Happen
Strom-Gottfried (2003) Social Workers (NASW)--Of 267 adjudicated cases, 107 involved sexual activity, 77 involved dual relationships, 70 involved other boundary violations, 55 involved failure to seek supervision, 41 involved failure to use accepted practice skills, 34 involved fraudulent behavior, and 33 involved premature termination.
Trigg and Robinson (2013) found the most frequent ethical violations were “practicing outside of the scope of one’s training and experience and practicing while impaired due to substance use or mental health matters” (p. 28), violations of professional boundaries (both nonsexual and sexual), and breaches of confidentiality.
The Research Questions
If there are ethical challenges in rural settings and research shows ethical errors occur, what might be the ethical challenges as reported by counseling practitioners in one rural state?
What would counseling practitioners in one rural state want for ethics training?
Let’s ask the practitioners!
Our Research
Through an exploratory survey in 2012 of a representative sample (n=316) of licensed and certified counseling and social work mental health professionals (N=1,324) in Wyoming ethical issues and training needs were identified by the providers. The intended goal was to obtain direct feedback about ethical issues and ethical training needs from practitioners themselves who work in rural settings.
Our Research-The Survey
A brief demographic questionnaire Two questions:
The most difficult professional ethical dilemma or situation I have encountered in the last two years has been:______
Two primary ethical trainings I would find to be most helpful in my practice are: self-care, boundaries, rules and regulations, malpractice, supervision, professional competency, risk management, end of life, suicide, duty to warn, confidentiality, diagnosis, spirituality, multicultural topics, and other.`
Results
316 (27%) responded to the survey—**our distribution results of the survey sample (see Table 1-oour results) closely approximated the (12/29/ 2011 distribution of licensing and certification in the state…)
CAPA- 23 CAP- 62—3% (3%) PAT- 13 LAT- 134-7% (3%) CSW- 89 PCSW- 109 LCSW- 493—30% (29%) PMFT- 16 LMFT- 93—5% (4%) PPC- 168 LPC- 756—46% (47%) CMHW- 18—.09%
1974 in total
Our Research FindingsEthical Issues
Three primary ethical issues: Dual relationships (19%) Confidentiality (19%) Competence (17% ) Two additional findings regarding ethical
dilemmas encountered were professional silence and supervision representing 10% and 9%, respectively.
Our Research FindingsEthical Training Needs
Three primary ethical training needs: Boundaries (12%) State Rules and Regulations
(12%) Supervision (10%)One respondent stated, “I think in our state it is more difficult to maintain professional boundaries because of the closeness of our communities. For instance, in my neighborhood I am surrounded by former clients as neighbors.”
Summary The Two Areas
Ethical issues: Dual relationships (19%) Confidentiality (19%) Competence (17% )Training Boundaries (12%) State Rules and Regulations
(12%) Supervision (10%)
Relevance of Our ResearchFits with the ACA 2014 Ethics Codes
Counseling relationship (A. 5. Prohibited Non Counseling Roles and Relationships-Managing Boundaries )
Virtual relationships Confidentiality Competence Impairment Monitor effectiveness Consult on ethical concerns Continued Education Obtain ethical supervision (online and in
person)
Relevance of Our Researchfor Counseling Ethics Education
Educate about rules and changes in codes
Provide more training for supervisors and supervision
Increase boundary education on all levels Identify the many challenges, choices,
and requirements in confidentiality Understand the ethical issues faced by
rural practitioners may be different than urban—and design programs accordingly.
Relevance of Our ResearchFor Our Profession
Promote dialogue among practitioners about ethical challenges and actions
Encourage compassion for practitioners Promote wellness for all counseling
practitioners
Relevance of Our Research for Existing Ethics Education
Inform Licensing Boards Make Continuing Education Relevant Listen to Practitioners Missing: Multicultural needs (last item
mentioned for training)
Apply to Your Ethical Challenge
What have you learned and what might you do now differently, if anything?
Dialogue
Questions/Discoveries
References
Harrison, R. L., & Westwood, M. J. (2009). Preventing vicarious traumatization of mental health therapists: Identifying protective practices. Psychotherapy Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 46, 203-219. doi: 10.1037/a0016081
Maltzman, S. (2011). An organizational self-care model: Practical suggestions for development and implementation. Counseling Psychologist, 39, 303-319. doi: 10.1177/0011000010381790
.