James C. Greenwood President & CEO

The Future of Food and Fuel is Biotechnology

Global Challenges

Global Warming

CO2Emissions

Growing Population

High Energy Prices

Growing Energy

Demand

Ethanol

Cellulosic Biomass: The New “Crude Oil” Cellulosic Biomass: The New “Crude Oil”

Corn stover

Wood chips

Sugar CaneBagasse

Salmassi and Leadbetter

The Pacific Dampwood Termite Zootermopsis angusticollis

Courtesy of Jared Leadbetter, CalTech, Pasadena, CA

The Path to Ethanol from Cellulose

Feedstock Collection

Biotechnology Treatment• Enzymes break cellulose into sugars• Ferment sugars to ethanol

Pretreatment Pulverize or grind feedstock to release cellulose

Biotech enzyme

Downstream•Ethanol recovery & shipment

*Source: Biotechnology Industry Organization

Biomass Potential

More than 1 billion tons of agricultural residues and dedicated energy crops could be sustainably harvested by 2030 for biofuels production in the United States alone.

2007 USDA/DOE Study

Iogen Plant (Canada)

Abengoa Bioenergy Facility (Spain)

Salamanca cellulosic biomass-to-ethanol plant

DOE Integrated Biorefinery Demonstration ProjectsAwarded Feb 28, 2007, $385 million

CompanyCompany Plant Plant LocationLocation FeedstocksFeedstocks TechnologyTechnology CapacityCapacity

Abengoa Abengoa BioenergyBioenergy

Kansas Corn stover, wheat straw, milo stubble, switchgrass

Enzymatic Hydrolysis

40 ML + power

ALICOALICO Florida Yard, wood, vegetative wastes

Gasification-Fermentation

50 ML + power, H2, ammonia

BlueFire BlueFire EthanolEthanol

California Sorted green waste and wood waste from landfills

Acid Hydrolysis 75 ML

PoetPoet Iowa Corn fiber, cobs, and stalks Enzymatic Hydrolysis

110 ML

IogenIogen Idaho Wheat straw, corn stover, switchgrass, and rice straw

Enzymatic Hydrolysis

70 ML

Range Range FuelsFuels

Georgia Wood residues and wood-based energy crops

Gasification 150 ML ethanol + methanol

80

90

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

bu

/ac

re

(USDA/NASS)

1986-1995115.15 bu/acre

1996-2005137.7 bu/acre

Average Corn Yield Up Since 1996 Introduction of Biotech Corn

Biotechnology Innovation Produces Food AND Fuel

Yield growth of just 2 bushels per acre per year results in an additional 144 million bushels .*

That additional corn could produce more than 403 million gallons of ethanol.

* 10-year average 72 million harvested acres

Corn StoverRice Straw & HullsWheat & Barley StrawSwitch GrassSaw Dust & Wood ChipsSugar Cane & Waste (bagasse)Grass ClippingsOther Agricultural ResiduesWaste Paper & Other Trash

Abundant Cellulose Sources

A Global Opportunity

Creating the Future We Want

Continued deployment of industrial and ag biotech improvements

Supportive governmental policies The use of grain and cellulosic biomass Innovative and sustainable farming practices Farmers participating in the value chain The evolution of biorefineries to make

multiple products

www.bio.org