James Brooks BME 281 Presentation 1. What are BCI? Brain-computer interfaces are direct pathways of...
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Transcript of James Brooks BME 281 Presentation 1. What are BCI? Brain-computer interfaces are direct pathways of...
![Page 1: James Brooks BME 281 Presentation 1. What are BCI? Brain-computer interfaces are direct pathways of communication between the brain and some external.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649dc75503460f94abb667/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
James BrooksBME 281 Presentation 1
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What are BCI?Brain-computer
interfaces are direct pathways of communication between the brain and some external device.Robotic arms
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History1924 – Invention of Electroencephalography (EEG,
Hans Berger)Identified “brain waves”, led to brain mapping
1969 – UWash School of Medicine “showed monkeys could control biofeedback meter arm with neural activity [2]”
1970s – research into teaching monkeys to control their firing patterns and get rewardsDeveloped algorithms for neural firing patterns1980s – found a relationship function(cosine-based)
for electrical responses and corresponding movement in rhesus macaque monkeys
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Medical Rehabilitation UsesBrain damaged by
strokeBCI used to teach
patient how to move muscles to which the brain has forgotten how to control
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CommunicationCommunication with
patients that have motor-neural disabilitiesLocked-In
Syndrome Attach patient to
BCI, output as cursor movement
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GamingMindflex – EEG
controlled obstacle course (2007)
OCZ Technology (2008) created a device for playing games controlled by EMG
NeuroSky – Star Wars Force Trainer (2009)
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Invasive(I) BCIMost accurate signal
Accuracy fades over time Damage to the brain,
bodies defenses attack foreign object, scar tissue
Most riskyCan cause damage
to brain, leaves brain exposed
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Non-Invasive(NI) BCILess accurate signal
Cranium alters the signals that are picked up from the brain, can cause problems
Less riskyBrain isn’t exposed, less risk to overall health
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Partially Invasive BCIMore accurate than NI-BCI, more riskyLess accurate than I-BCI, less riskyPlaced under the skull, but not in the brain
Electrocorticography, like non-invasive EEGThis technique was used when the neural
differences between vowels and consonants were discovered
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Ethical ConsiderationsHow can you obtain consent for a BCI from
someone that can’t communicate?Do the benefits outweigh the risks?What happens if someone wants to keep a
thought secret and BCI detects it?What is the limit of what we will do with BCI?Could people use BCI to interrogate
someone?
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FutureGamingRemote control through the brain of devicesInternet access for the brainNeural controlled prosthetics
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References1. Andersson P, Pluim J, Viergever M, Ramsey N.
Navigation of a Telepresence Robot via Covert Visuospatial Attention and Real-time fMRI. <www.springlink.com/conttent/41458747m3t57461/fulltext.pdf>
2. Wikipedia: Brain-Computer Interfaces. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain-computer_interface>
3. Kaufmann T, Völker S, Gunesch L, Kübler A. Spelling is Just a Click Away- A User-Centred Brain-Computer Interface Including Auto-Calibration and Predictive Text Entry. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3400942/>
4. Kübler A, Neumann N. Brain Computer Interfaces—the Key for the Conscious Brain Locked in a Paralyzed Body. <www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16186045>