8/9/2019 Jam Skeletal

1/19

The SkeletalThe Skeletal

System:System:

Structure, Function,Structure, Function,Classifcation andClassifcation and

typestypes

8/9/2019 Jam Skeletal

2/19

The Skeletal System

Consists of all bones in the bodywith tendons, ligaments and cartilagethat connects them.

The skeleton has 206bones

8/9/2019 Jam Skeletal

3/19

FunctionsFunctions

Copyright2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Support

Protection

Movement

Storage of mineralsand fats

Blood cell formation

8/9/2019 Jam Skeletal

4/19

Bones are classifed by theirshape:

1.Longbones are longer thanthey are wide (arms, legs)

!.Shortusually square in

shape, cube like (wrist, ankle)".Flatat , cured (skull,

Sternum)#.$rregularodd shapes

(ertebrae, pelis)

8/9/2019 Jam Skeletal

5/19

Classification of Bones on theClassification of Bones on the

Basis of ShapeBasis of Shape

Copyright2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Figure 5.1

8/9/2019 Jam Skeletal

6/19

Tpes of Bone CellsTpes of Bone Cells

Copyright2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

%steocytes Mature bone cells

%steoblasts

Bone!forming cells

%steoclasts

Bone!destroing cells

Break do"n bone matri# for remodeling andrelease of calcium

Bone remodeling is a process by bothosteoblasts and osteoclasts

8/9/2019 Jam Skeletal

7/19

T"o basic tpes of bone tissue

Copyright2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Compactbone

Cortical bone

"hich the bon matri# is solidl filled "ith organicground substance and inorganic salts$ %lacunae&that contain the osteoctes$ or bone cells.

Spongybone

Cancellous bone

Figure 5.'b

8/9/2019 Jam Skeletal

8/19

Copyright2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

(ivided into t"o divisions

&'ial skeleton

&ppendicular skeleton

8/9/2019 Jam Skeletal

9/19

&'ial skeleton supports and

protects organs o( head, neckand trunk!"ial skeleton#

skull (cranium and facial bones)hyoid bone (anchors tongue and

muscles associated with swallowing)

ertebral column (ertebrae anddisks)

bony thora" (ribs and sternum)

8/9/2019 Jam Skeletal

10/19

The )#ial SkeletonThe )#ial Skeleton

SlideCopyright2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Forms the longitudinal part of the bod

(ivided into three partsSkull

Vertebral Column

Rib Cage

8/9/2019 Jam Skeletal

11/19

The )#ial SkeletonThe )#ial Skeleton

SlideCopyright2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Figure 5.*

8/9/2019 Jam Skeletal

12/19

Bones of the SkullBones of the Skull

Copyright2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Figure 5.11

8/9/2019 Jam Skeletal

13/19

8/9/2019 Jam Skeletal

14/19

Thoracic cageribsthoracic

)ertebrae ,ertebrae

separated b

intervertebral discs madeof cartilage

The spine has a normal

S curvature

-ach vertebrae is given

a name according to its

location

8/9/2019 Jam Skeletal

15/19

8/9/2019 Jam Skeletal

16/19

8/9/2019 Jam Skeletal

17/19

&ppendicularskeleton includes

bones o( limbs andbones that anchor them tothe a'ial skeleton!ppendicular skeleton#

pectoral girdle (claicle,scapula)

upper limbs (arms)

pelic girdle (sacrum, coccy")lower limbs (legs)

!rticulationwhere oints meet,

connect, and are formed.

8/9/2019 Jam Skeletal

18/19

&ppendicular+ The *ectoral +Shoulder -irdle.

+ Shoulder Blades +Scapulae

+ Collar Bones +Claicles

+ The /pper Limbs.

+ The *elic +0ip -irdle.

+ The Loer Limbs or Legs.

8/9/2019 Jam Skeletal

19/19