Jainism for Dummies
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Generation Jain: Jainism Your Way2008 YJA Convention
Chicago, IllinoisPresenter: Ameet Shah
YJA 2008 - Generation Jain: Jainism Your Way Jainism
What is Jainism?What is Jainism?
• ‘Jina’ ‘Spiritual Victor’ over inner enemies
• Distinct and independent of other Indian traditions such as Hinduism and Buddhism
• Way of life based on ahimsa (non-violence) and compassion
• Believe in philosophy of karma, reincarnation, heaven/hell, and liberation (moksha)
• Soul is ignorant of its true nature and bounded by karma since eternity
• To overcome suffering, you need (1) Right Faith, (2) Right Knowledge, and (3) Right Conduct
• Whole truth cannot be realized from single viewpoint- Anekantavada (non-absolutism)
YJA 2008 - Generation Jain: Jainism Your Way Jainism
Namo ArihantanamI bow to all Arihants (Tirthankars) who have destroyed all 4 Ghati karmas
Namo ArihantanamI bow to all Arihants (Tirthankars) who have destroyed all 4 Ghati karmas
Namokkar MantraNamokkar Mantra
Namo SiddhanamI bow to all Siddhas (liberated souls) who possess no karma
Namo SiddhanamI bow to all Siddhas (liberated souls) who possess no karma
Namo AyariyanamI bow to all the Acharyas, the heads of various Jain congregations
Namo AyariyanamI bow to all the Acharyas, the heads of various Jain congregations
Namo UvajjhayanamI bow to all Upadhyays, learned scholars and teachers of Jain scriptures
Namo UvajjhayanamI bow to all Upadhyays, learned scholars and teachers of Jain scriptures
Namo Loe Savva SahunamI bow to all Sadhus/Sadhvis (ascetics) who strictly follow 5 great vows of conduct
Namo Loe Savva SahunamI bow to all Sadhus/Sadhvis (ascetics) who strictly follow 5 great vows of conduct
Esa Pancha NamukkaroTo these 5 types of great souls, I offer my prayers
Esa Pancha NamukkaroTo these 5 types of great souls, I offer my prayers
Savva Pava PanasanoMay such prayer help diminish all my negative vibrations and sins
Savva Pava PanasanoMay such prayer help diminish all my negative vibrations and sins
Mangalanam cha SavvesimPadhamam Havai Mangalam
Offering this prayer is the foremost amongst all auspicious benedictions
Mangalanam cha SavvesimPadhamam Havai Mangalam
Offering this prayer is the foremost amongst all auspicious benedictions
• Most revered prayer
• Rosary has 108 beads representing 108 qualities of these 5 supreme beings
YJA 2008 - Generation Jain: Jainism Your Way Jainism
Concept of GodConcept of God
FOUNDER•Jainism – eternal philosophy•Tirthankars continually modify code of conduct/practices based on their time in history•Tirthankar Mahavir, 24th tirthankar established a religious order based on Jain philosophy
CONCEPT OF GOD•Not a creator, protector, destroyer of universe•Various “gods” – all have conquered inner enemies and achieved ultimate goal of liberation•At death, arihants become siddhas
FOUNDER•Jainism – eternal philosophy•Tirthankars continually modify code of conduct/practices based on their time in history•Tirthankar Mahavir, 24th tirthankar established a religious order based on Jain philosophy
CONCEPT OF GOD•Not a creator, protector, destroyer of universe•Various “gods” – all have conquered inner enemies and achieved ultimate goal of liberation•At death, arihants become siddhas
LORD MAHAVIR•Prince raised as Vardhaman•Left family/royal household at 30•Emphasized celibacy and six daily observances for followers•At age 72, attained Nirvana (final death) – Diwali is celebrated to honor this achievement•Preached universal love, reduction of wants/desires•True nature of reality is timeless•Jain scriptures: Agams (12 books)
LORD MAHAVIR•Prince raised as Vardhaman•Left family/royal household at 30•Emphasized celibacy and six daily observances for followers•At age 72, attained Nirvana (final death) – Diwali is celebrated to honor this achievement•Preached universal love, reduction of wants/desires•True nature of reality is timeless•Jain scriptures: Agams (12 books)
YJA 2008 - Generation Jain: Jainism Your Way Jainism
Three Cardinal Principles of ConductThree Cardinal Principles of Conduct
Ahimsa(Non-Violence)
Ahimsa(Non-Violence)
Anekantavada(Multiplicity of Views)
Anekantavada(Multiplicity of Views)
Aparigraha(Non-Possessiveness)
Aparigraha(Non-Possessiveness)
YJA 2008 - Generation Jain: Jainism Your Way Jainism
Five Great VowsFive Great Vows
• Ahimsa (Nonviolence/Compassion)
• Satya (Truth)
• Asteya (Non-Stealing)
• Brahmacharya (Chastity)
• Aparigraha (Non-Possession/Non-Attachment)
Laypeople have 12 vows (“Anuvrats”) that include the above 5 (to a limited extent) plus 7 related to merit (3) and discipline (4)
Laypeople have 12 vows (“Anuvrats”) that include the above 5 (to a limited extent) plus 7 related to merit (3) and discipline (4)
YJA 2008 - Generation Jain: Jainism Your Way Jainism
Jiva (Soul/Consciousness)Jiva (Soul/Consciousness)
Six Universal SubstancesSix Universal Substances
Pudgal (Matter)Pudgal (Matter)
Dharma (Medium of Motion)Dharma (Medium of Motion)
Adharma (Medium of Rest)Adharma (Medium of Rest)
Akasha (Space)Akasha (Space)
Kal (Time)Kal (Time)
• Only living substance – conscious and possesses knowledge• Invisible, infinite numbers in universe
• Nonliving substance – visible and nonvisible• Many types – soul interacts with 8 types of matter
• Helps the soul and matter migrate from one place to another in the universe – not cause, but helper
• Helps the soul and matter rest, not cause, but helper
• Lokakash (universe) – occupied by 5 substances; finite• Alokakash – limitless space surrounding Lokakash; empty/void
• Two views: time – imaginary thing with no real existence or it has real existence made up of innumerable time atoms
YJA 2008 - Generation Jain: Jainism Your Way Jainism
Space and TimeSpace and Time
Moksha
Upper World
Middle World
Lower World
Lokakash
Alokakash
SpaceSpace Time CycleTime Cycle
11
11
22
22
33
33 44
44
55
55
66
66
Progressive Half Cycle
Regressive Half Cycle
1. Very Happy
2. Happy
3. Happy-Unhappy
4. Unhappy-Happy
5. Unhappy6. Very Unhappy
6. Very Happy
5. Happy
4. Happy-Unhappy
3. Unhappy-Happy
2. Unhappy
1. Very Unhappy
YJA 2008 - Generation Jain: Jainism Your Way Jainism
Karma Philosophy: Nine Fundamentals (Tattvas)Karma Philosophy: Nine Fundamentals (Tattvas)Karma that bind to our soul are due not only to our actions of body, mind, and soul,
but more importantly to the intentions behind our actions
Jiva(Soul/Consciousness)
Jiva(Soul/Consciousness)
Ajiva(Non-living Substances –
Karmic Matter)
Ajiva(Non-living Substances –
Karmic Matter)
Asrava(Causes of Bondage)
Asrava(Causes of Bondage)
Bandha(Characteristics of Bondage)
Bandha(Characteristics of Bondage)
Punya*(Merit of Good Deeds)
Punya*(Merit of Good Deeds)
Pap*(Sin of Bad Deeds)
Pap*(Sin of Bad Deeds)
Samvar(Stoppage of Attachment)
Samvar(Stoppage of Attachment)
Nirjara(Exhaustion of Accumulated
Karma)
Nirjara(Exhaustion of Accumulated
Karma)
Moksha(Total Liberation from all
Karma)
Moksha(Total Liberation from all
Karma)
* Sometimes included in Asrava, since they are the result of Asrava
YJA 2008 - Generation Jain: Jainism Your Way Jainism
Four PassionsFour PassionsWrong faith/perception of reality, lack of self-restraint, spiritual laziness, passions
and activities of body, speech, and mind, lead to the attachment of karma
ngerreedgoeceit
YJA 2008 - Generation Jain: Jainism Your Way Jainism
Types of KarmasTypes of KarmasAsrava causes karma particles to attach to the soul – once attached, karma’s bondage
is explained in 4 forms: type, duration, intensity, and quantity of karma particles
Mohaniya(Deluding Karma)
Mohaniya(Deluding Karma)
Jnanavaraniya(Knowledge Obscuring Karma)
Jnanavaraniya(Knowledge Obscuring Karma)
Darshanavaraniya(Perception Obscuring Karma)
Darshanavaraniya(Perception Obscuring Karma)
Ayusha(Life Span Determining Karma)
Ayusha(Life Span Determining Karma)
Antaraya(Obstructing Karma)
Antaraya(Obstructing Karma)
Vedaniya(Feeling Pertaining Karma)
Vedaniya(Feeling Pertaining Karma)
Nam(Body/Physique Determining Karma)
Nam(Body/Physique Determining Karma)
Gotra(Status Determining Karma)
Gotra(Status Determining Karma)
Ghati Karmas (Destructive Karma) Aghati Karmas (Non-destructive Karma)
YJA 2008 - Generation Jain: Jainism Your Way Jainism
Path of LiberationPath of LiberationOne can detach from one’s karma and attain liberation by understanding the true
nature of the soul
Samyak Darshan(Right Conviction/Faith)
Samyak Darshan(Right Conviction/Faith)
Samyak Gnan(Right Knowledge)Samyak Gnan
(Right Knowledge)Samyak Charitra
(Right Conduct)Samyak Charitra
(Right Conduct)
Three Jewels of Jainism
YJA 2008 - Generation Jain: Jainism Your Way Jainism
Questions?Questions?
Michchhami Dukkadam!