Sustainability as a national priority in the Finnish food chain Jaana Husu-Kallio Permanent Secretary Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry ERIAFF Conference 2014 12.6.2014

Sustainability in the food chain Ecological responsibility Product safety Nutrition Well-being at work Animal welfare Economic responsibility Local impact CSR in the food supply chain Description of an interactive process in constructing the content of CSR. Forsman-Hugg et al. MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Economic Research 2009 (Maa- ja elintarviketalous 140) Photo: Riitta Supperi / Keksi / Team Finland

Ecological responsibility Several initiatives and projects in Finland to reduce the ecological footprint in food production and consumption Most farmers were committed to the agri-environmental support scheme (20072013) As a result of this, e.g. the P balance has decreased by 81% and the N balance by 41% from 1995 Even more emphasis on environmental issues in the Rural Development Programme for Mainland Finland 2014 2020

Ecological responsibility Examples of other actions in Finland: Government Resolution on the national water protection objectives The objective is to reduce load from agriculture by at least a third by 2015 (as compared to 20012005) Government Programme to promote organic production Government Programme on local food Actions to reduce energy consumption National Climate and Energy Strategy Farm Energy Programme Government Resolution on the promotion of sustainable environmental and energy solutions (cleantech) in public procurement

Ecological responsibility organic production Organic production in Finland Organic production area is increasing; 9% at the moment Average size of organic farms is 48.9 ha (= greater than that of conventional farms) Sales of organic food increased by 24% in 2012 (twice as much as that of conventional food) Market share of organic food is still small, 1.6%. In organic product exports the most important sector is the cereal sector 60% is exported Government Programme to promote organic production aims to: Increase organic production to meet the consumer demand Increase the range of organic products Increase the supply of organic products to consumers as well as restaurants and mass caterers

Ecological responsibility food waste Food waste is waste of money and resources and contributes to climate change due to increase in greenhouse gases. Food waste is a worldwide challenge. Average waste in North America 95115 kg/person /year European average is 76 kg/person/year Finland 23 kg/person/year We can be proud of the low figure, but we need to continue the work to reduce food waste: every crumb counts! 27 % 35 % 18 % 20 % Food waste in the Finnish food chain is 335460 million kg/year (1015% of all food consumed in Finland) Industry Households Retail Catering

Ecological responsibility food waste Food chain can continue to reduce food waste and improve cost-efficiency. Novel by-product development (especially industry). Accurate demand planning and product management (industry and retail). If planning fails: donate the food, do not waste! This also applies to the catering business. Finnish Food Safety Authority (Evira) has given guidelines on how to donate food. Household food waste is addressed by multiple stakeholders, e.g. the Consumers Union of Finland. Week 37 in September is dedicated to food waste reduction. Photo: Liisi Reitalu norden.org

Product safety Future food safety challenges to be met together: 1. Globalization 2. Food chain; network of actors 3. Nutritional challenges All these three are considered as challenges for the near future and action is taken to guarantee a high standard of food safety.

Product safety Food safety is top class in Finland Result of long-term commitment of all players in the food chain. The base of food safety lies in primary production: safe food originates from healthy plants and a high standard of animal husbandry, including welfare. Responsible use of fertilizers and minimal use of plant protection products+ prudent use of antibiotics. National Salmonella Control Programme since 1995 covers bovines, poultry and pigs, and their meat and eggs, and has reduced the incidence of salmonella to annual holidays, substitute help and relief service subject to a charge The Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry has also addressed the topic of well-being State aid granted by the Ministry to rural advisory organisations Organisations arrange among other things actions regarding farmers occupational health and well- being and coping at work. Other actions funded by the Ministry: Food chain project aid granted to organisations also projects focused on restaurant and mass caterer employees and their well-being Photo: MMM archives

Animal welfare Overhaul of animal welfare legislation is under way Finlands first Animal Welfare Ombudsman appointed last autumn Finnish Centre for Animal Welfare EHK functions as a national network in animal welfare issues Livestock sectors active in the work on responsibility Photo: MMM archives

Animal health Neither salmonella nor campylobacter are problems in the Finnish livestock sector Use of antimicrobials for farm animals is low compared to other countries A new Animal Diseases Act entered into force on 1 January 2014. Operators bear the primary responsibility for protecting the health of their animals Finnish primary producers have since 15 years ago developed quality assurance schemes for pigs, cattle and poultry, with a view of protecting the animals from serious infectious diseases The poultry sector has developed its own system for protecting animal health. As a result, Finnish poultry remains free of most infectious diseases and no vaccination is used against Newcastle disease.

Economic responsibility Food chain as a whole employs about 300 000 Finns; 12% of the total labour force Finnish food sector employs more than 80 000 raw material producers about 40 000 people in food and raw material processing at least 70 000 people in wholesale and retail business about 60 000 restaurant and catering professionals In addition, a large number of people work in transportation and logistics 18.6.2014 18

Economic responsibility Local impact *The local food sector is growing in Finland Government Programme on local food has the following objectives: Increase and diversify the production of local food; more highly processed local foods Improve the opportunities for small-scale food processing and sale Increase the share of local food in public procurement Improve the opportunities of primary production Closer collaboration between actors in the local food sector Improve the appreciation of food and actors in the food chain Local aspect in the food chain = local food comprises the presentation of food culture of the regions, use of local raw materials and bringing the producer and consumer closer to each other Raw materials the most commonly used as local food - berries, vegetables, whole-grain milling products (rye in particular) - are core elements of a diet constructed upon responsibility

Rural Development Programme for Mainland Finland 2014-2020 An important tool to develop sustainability in the Finnish food sector; includes e.g. payments for environment measures, measures to enhance animal welfare and measures to develop organic production. The programme impacts for example on: agricultural greenhouse gas and ammonia emissions nutrient balances amounts of plant protection products used changes in energy use and energy sources of farms and enterprises abundance of animals representing the local breeds and local arable crops or landrace varieties number of organic food enterprises number of shortcomings detected in animal welfare inspections on farms

Rural Development Programme for Mainland Finland 2014-2020 Payments to environmental measures (1.6 billion euros in total) Targeted measures to control water pollution, enhance biodiversity, promote soil condition and productivity, and mitigate climate change and adapt to it Environment commitments: measures concerning the amount of nutrients used at the level of individual farms and parcel-specific optional measures Environment contracts: targeted measures for wetland management and biodiversity sites and for the rearing of local breeds Gene bank actions Payments to animal welfare measures => Developing proactive healthcare and well-being of farm animals in Finland: cattle, pigs, goats and poultry => Conditions regarding e.g. the housing, handling and treatment, grazing, enrichment and pain relief for farm animals

Rural Development Programme for Mainland Finland 2014-2020 Payments to organic production (326 million euros in total) Compliance with the conditions for organic plant production practice and participating in the control system. Applies to the farm as a whole but a separate contract can be concluded for horticulture products grown in the open. Organic livestock production Minimum number of animals on the farm 0.3 LU/ha. Organic farms may commit to most of the conditions relating to the environment and animal welfare payment

Photos: MMM archivet

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