J2006_Termodinamik 1_UNIT0

J2006 THERMODYNAMICS 1

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KAMARUZZAMAN BIN DAUD (PUO)ROSLAN BIN HASHIM (PUO)

MODULE J2006THERMODYNAMICS 1

MALAYSIAPOLYTECHNICS

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION


Name : Kamaruzzaman b. DaudAddress : Mechanical Engineering Department,

Ungku Omar Polytechnic,Jln. Raja Musa Mahadi,

31400 Ipoh, Perak.Telephone No. : 05-5457622 ext.1041e-mail : [email protected] : Polytechnic Lecturer

Name : Roslan b. HashimAddress : Mechanical Engineering Department,

Ungku Omar Polytechnic,Jln. Raja Musa Mahadi,

31400 Ipoh, Perak.Telephone No. : 05-5457622 ext.1041Position : Polytechnic Lecturer

EditorName : Nor Resom bt. BuyongAddress : English Language Unit,

General Studies Department,Ungku Omar Polytechnic,Jln. Raja Musa Mahadi,

31400 Ipoh, Perak.Telephone No. : 05-5457622 ext. 2225

Position : Polytechnic Lecturer

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BIODATA OF MODULE WRITERSJ2006 THERMODYNAMICS 1


What Do You Think Of This Module?

Title of Module: _______________________ Module Code : ___________

Student’s Name: _______________________ Registration No. : ___________

Course: ____________________________________

Module Writers: ______________________________

Please use the following scale for your evaluation:

4 Strongly Agree3 Agree2 Disagree1 Strongly Disagree

Instruction : Please on the space provided.

No. How much do you agree with the following statements? SCALE

A. FORMAT1 2 3 4

1 The pages are organized in an interesting manner.2 The font size makes it easy for me to read the module.

3The size and types of pictures and charts used are suitable for the input.

4 The pictures and charts are easy to read and understand.5 The tables used are well-organised and easy to understand.6 The arrangement of the Input makes it easy for me to follow.7 All the instructions are displayed clearly.

B. CONTENTS1 2 3 4

8 I understand all the objectives clearly.9 I understand the ideas conveyed.

10 The ideas are presented in an interesting manner.11 All the instructions are easy to understand.12 I can carry out the instructions in this module.13 I can answer the questions in the activities easily.14 I can answer the questions in the self-assessment.15 The feedback section can help me identify my mistakes.16 The language used is easy to understand.17 The way the module is written makes it interesting to read.18 I can follow this module easily.19 Each unit helps me understand the topic better.

20I have become more interested in the subject after using this module.

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CURRICULUM GRID

The curriculum grid of this module is based on the curriculum used by Malaysian Polytechnics.

No. TOPIC UNIT TotalHours

1 Basic Thermodynamics

1( 1 H)

2( 2 H )

3( 2 H ) 5 Hours

2 Non-Flow Process

4( 3 H)

5( 2 H)

5 Hours

3 Flow Process 6( 2 H )

7( 2 H )

4 Hours

4 Properties of Steam

8( 5 H )

5 Hours

5 The Second Law of Thermodynamics

9( 3 H )

10( 3 H )

6 Hours

6 The Steam Power Cycle

11( 5 H )

5 Hours

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UNIT 1 BASIC THERMODYNAMICS 1.0 Introduction1.1 Fundamental and derived quantities

1.1.1 Force1.1.2 Energy1.1.3 Power1.1.4 Pressure1.1.5 Density

1.2 Unit conversions

UNIT 2 BASIC THERMODYNAMICS

2.0 Introduction2.1 Definitions of system, boundary, surrounding, open system and close system2.2 Property, state and process2.3 The First Law of thermodynamics2.4 Work and heat transfer2.5 Sign convention for work transfer2.6 Sign convention for heat transfer2.7 Internal energy

UNIT 3 BASIC THERMODYNAMICS 3.0 Definition of perfect gas3.1 Boyle’s Law3.2 Charles’ Law3.3 Universal Gases Law3.4 Specific heat capacity at constant volume3.5 Specific heat capacity at constant pressure3.6 Relationship between the specific heats3.7 Specific heat ratio

UNIT 4 NON-FLOW PROCESS 4.0 Introduction4.1 Differences between the Flow and Non-Flow Process

4.1.1 Flow Process4.1.2 Non-Flow Process

4.2 Constant temperature (isothermal) process 4.3 Adiabatic process

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UNIT 5 NON-FLOW PROCESS 5.0 Non-flow process5.1 Polytropic process5.2 Constant volume process 5.3 Constant pressure process

UNIT 6 FLOW PROCESS 6.0 Steady flow processes6.1 Steady flow energy equation6.2 Application of steady flow equation

6.2.1 Boilers6.2.2 Condensers

UNIT 7 FLOW PROCESS 7.0 Application of steady flow equation

7.0.1 Turbine7.0.2 Nozzle7.0.3 Throttle7.0.4 Pump

7.1 Equation of continuity

UNIT 8 PROPERTIES OF STEAM8.0 Introduction8.1 Phase-change process8.2 Saturated and Superheated Steam8.3 Properties of a Wet Mixture

8.3.1 Specific volume8.3.2 Specific enthalpy8.3.3 Specific internal energy8.3.4 Specific entropy

8.4 The use of Steam Tables8.4.1 Saturated Water and Steam Tables8.4.2 Superheated Steam Tables

8.5 Interpolation8.5.1 Single Interpolation8.5.2 Double Interpolation

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UNIT 9 THE SECOND LAW OF THE THERMODYNAMICS9.0 Introduction to the Second Law of Thermodynamics9.1 The heat engine and heat pump9.2 Entropy9.3 The T-s diagram for a steam9.4 To show that Q = h2 – h1

9.5 Reversible processes on the T-s diagram for steam9.5.1 Constant pressure process9.5.2 Constant volume process9.5.3 Constant temperature (or isothermal) process9.5.4 Adiabatic (or isentropic) process9.5.5 Polytropic process

UNIT 10 THE SECOND LAW OF THE THERMODYNAMICS 10.0 The P-V and T-s diagram for a perfect gas10.1 Reversible processes on the T-s diagram for a perfect gas

10.1.1 Constant pressure process10.1.2 Constant volume process10.1.3 Constant temperature (or isothermal) process10.1.4 Adiabatic (or isentropic) process10.1.5 Polytropic process

UNIT 11 THE STEAM POWER CYCLE11.0 Introduction11.1 The Carnot cycle

11.1.1 Thermal efficiency of Carnot cycle11.1.2 The work ratio for Carnot cycle

11.2 Rankine cycle11.2.1 Thermal efficiency of Rankine cycle11.2.2 The work ratio for Rankine cycle

11.3 Specific steam consumption

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MODULE GUIDELINES

To achieve maximum benefits in using this module, students must follow the instructions carefully and complete all the activities.

1. This module is divided into 11 units. 2. Each page is numbered according to the subject code, unit and page number.

J2006 / 1 / 5

Subject Page Number 5 Unit 1

3. The general and specific objectives are given at the beginning of each unit.4. The activities in each unit are arranged in a sequential order and the following

symbols are given:

OBJECTIVES The general and specific objectives for each learning topic are stated in this section.

INPUTThis section introduces the subject matter that you are going to learn.

ACTIVITIESThe activities in this section test your understanding of the subject matter. You have to complete this section by following the instructions carefully.

FEEDBACKAnswers to the questions in the activity section are given here

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FEEDBACK TO SELF-ASSESSMENT This section contains answers to the activities in the self-assessment.

5. You have to follow the units in sequence.6. You may proceed to the next unit after successfully completing the unit and you are

confident of your achievement.

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SELF-ASSESSMENTSelf-assessment evaluates your understanding of each unit.


GENERAL AIMSThis module is prepared for the second semester students who are undergoing Certificate/Diploma programmes in Malaysian Polytechnics. In each unit, the aim is to expose the students to the concepts of Thermodynamics and to lead them towards self-directed learning with guidance from their lecturers.

PREREQUISITE SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE

At least a pass in Mathematics and Science at SPM level

GENERAL OBJECTIVES

At the end of this module, students should be able to:

1. understand the principles and concepts of units and dimensions2. define the fundamental concepts of system, boundary, surrounding, open system and

close system3. understand the state of working fluid, its example and the definition of the first law of

thermodynamics4. describe the differences between work and heat transfer5. define and show the definition and application of internal energy, the Boyle’s law,

Charles’ law and universal gases law6. define and apply the principle of specific heat capacity of constant pressure and constant

volume7. provide definition, differences and give examples of the flow process and the non

flow process8. provide definitions of heat and work in reversible processes9. define and calculate the following non-flow processes :

9.1 constant temperature (isothermal) process 9.2 adiabatic process

9.3 polytropic process9.4 pressure and volume constant processes

10. derive the meaning and interpret the steady-flow energy equations11. apply the steady-flow energy equations on :

11.1 boiler11.2 condenser11.3 turbine11.4 nozzle11.5 throttle11.6 pump

12. define the following phases:12.1 solid12.2 liquid

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12.3 steam13. define steam at constant pressure14. differentiate the wet steam, dry saturated steam and superheated steam15. define dryness fraction (x) and internal energy16. derive enthalpy from the energy equations17. apply of the wet steam equations18. define and evaluate the properties of steam using u = h + pv and the steam tables19. calculate the specific volume, enthalpy, internal energy and entropy using the steam

table, equation and interpolation20. define The Second Law of Thermodynamics21. define, give examples and state the differences between the efficiency of heat engine

and heat pump22. define entropy, s23. derive Q = T. ds equations for reversible process24. use T – s diagram to show the changes in entropy and its properties for steam25. define constant pressure using T – s diagram26. define and calculate Q = h2 - h1

27. draw volume and pressure properties using T – s diagram28. use equations and calculate the changes in entropy for constant pressure and

constant volume29. draw reversible isothermal, isentropic and polytropic process using T-s diagram for

vapour and perfect gas30. calculate heat, work done and the changes in entropy for isothermal, isentropic and

polytropic process31. draw Carnot cycle using the T – s diagram32. define and calculate the Carnot cycle efficiency 33. differentiate between Carnot and Rankine cycle34. describe the two characteristics of Rankine cycle35. draw Rankine cycle using the T – s diagram36. define the processes in Rankine cycle37. draw block diagrams for Rankine cycle38. derive equation for turbine, condenser, pump and boiler39. calculate heat, work done and efficiency of Rankine cycle.

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TEACHING AIDS AND RESOURCES NEEDED

1. Calculator2. Mayhew,Y.R. & Rogers, G.F.C. Steam tables3. Plant laboratory

REFERENCES

1. Ahmad Taufek Mohd Tiblawi, (1990). Haba dan Bendalir II; IBS Buku Sdn. Bhd.

2. Dr. Yunus A. Cengel & Boles, M.A.(1994). Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach; McGraw-Hill, Inc

3. Eastop, T.D. and Mc Conkey, A.(1978). Applied Thermodynamics for Engineering Technologists; Longman

4. Irving Granet & Maurice Bluestein, (2000). Thermodynamics and Heat Power (6 th Edition) ; Prentice Hall Inc.

5. K. Iynkaran & David J. Tandy, (1993). Basic Thermodynamics: Applications and Pollution Control; Prentice Hall, Simon & Schuster (Asia) Pte. Ltd.

6. Mayhew,Y.R. & Rogers, G.F.C., (1981). Thermodynamic and Transport Properties of Fluids in SI Units (3 rd Edition) ; Oxford, Basil Blackwell.

7. Metcalfe, F. (1972). Heat Engines and Applied Heat; Cassell & Company Ltd

8. Moran,M.J. and Shapiro, H.N.(1988). Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics; John Wiley & Sons, Inc

9. Rayner Joel, (1971). Basic Engineering Thermodynamics in SI Units (3 rd Edition) ; Longman Group Ltd.

10. Thomas,T.H. and Hunt, R. (1987). Applied Heat; Heinemann Educational Books

11. http://www.engr.lousiana.edu

12. http://www.mme.tcd.ie

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J2006_Termodinamik 1_UNIT0

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