Autor:J.L. Sanz Fecha:

HEALTH HAZARDS WHEN GETTING

IN CONTACT WITH CHEMICALS

In the XVIII century some illnesses were

connected to certain professional activities

The ancient Civilizations already knew the effects for

human health of certain chemical substances

To poison their enemies

Cancer Chimney sweeps

Silicosis Coal minning

Lead poisoning Lead industries

Autor: Fecha:

Knowledge about Health Hazards of chemical substances is HIGH

MAIN SOURCES

Animal

ExperimentationEssays in vitro

Studies with

humans

Methods without

essay

Directive

86/609/CEE

Researches using

cells or cell tissuesEpidemiological studies;

accidental poisoning; and

human experimentation

Q(SAR) methods;

FULL information Scientifical literature, data bases, internet, etc.

Autor: Fecha:

The information can be used to classify and inform about health

hazards to every agent who takes part in the supply chain

Producers Importers Suppliers Downstream

users

The final objetive: To protect humans from the hazardous effects of chemicals

The Regulation (EC)

No 1272/2008 (CLP)

Adopts the GHS on Classification, Labelling and

Packaging of substances and mixtures

The aim is the use all around the world

of the same criteria to classify the

hazardous substances and to inform

about this classification

Autor: Fecha:

LABELLING

Simple and easy way to comunícate chemical hazards

According to CLP

1. Hazard pictograms

2. Signal words

3. Hazard Statements

4. Precautionary

Statements

Health Hazards

1. Pictograms

2. Signal words:

Danger

WarningSpecifically

3. Hazard Statements:

H300 ……

4. Precautionary Statements

P200…. for advises

P300…. for replaies

P400…. for stored

P500…. for waste elimination

The Label has to include the following

four elements

Autor:J.L.SanzFecha:

CLASSIFICATION

Related to Health hazards, CLP classifies the hazardous substances

and mixtures according to the following 10 properties.

1. Acute toxicity 6. Carcinoginicity

2. Skin corrosión/irritation 7. Reproductive toxicity

3. Serious eye damage/ eye irritation 8. Specific target organ toxicity- (single ex.)

4. Respiratory or skin sensitisation 9. Specific target organ toxicity- (repeated ex.)

5. Germ cell mutagenicity 10. Aspiration hazard

1. Acute toxicity“No substance is a poison by

itself, it’s the dose which turns a

substance into a poison. “

Paracelso (s. XV)

Acute toxicity: The ability of chemical agent to cause the death of the half of

all laboratory animals (DL50) under essay after the administration of a DOSE.

DOSE ACUTE TOXICITY

Autor: Fecha:

According to the

DOSE needed, 4

toxicity categories

Category 1 Category 2 Category 3 Category 4

Fatal Fatal Toxic Harmful

H300, H310, H330 H300, H310, H330 H301, H3011, H331 H302, H312, H332

Danger Danger Danger Warning

NaCN

2. Skin corrosion/irritation 3. Serious eye damage/eye irritation

CORROSIVES IRRITANTS

These chemicals

cause irreversible

damage to the skin

These chemicals

cause reversible

damage to the skin

Alkali/Acids NaOH, H2SO4 Organic solvents xilene, toluene, etc.

H314 (skin) H315 (skin)

Danger Warning

H318 (eye) H319 (eye)

Autor: Fecha:

4. Respiratory or skin sensitization

A respiratory

sensitizer

substances

are those that

will cause

A skin sensitizer

substances are

those that will lead

to an allergic

response following

skin contact

Asthma

Breathing

problems

Isocyanates, mineral oil

5. Germ Cell Mutagenicity 6. Carcinogenicity. 7. Reproductive toxicity

MUTAGENS

Mutations in human

germ cells that can

be transmitted to

the progeny.

CARCINOGENS

Induce Cancer

or increase its

incidence

REPRODUCTIVE TOXICANTS

Adverse effect on

sexual function and

fertility or on develop.

in humans

Danger

Warning

H334

H317

Autor: Fecha:

Category 1

1A or 1B

Category 2

Danger Warning

Mutagens H340 H341

Carcinogens H350 H351

Reproductive H360 H361

Toxicants

Category 1: chemicals may cause the effect

(mutation, cancer or reproductive toxicity)

1A Positive evidence from human epidemiological studies

1B Positive evidence from studies with laboratory animals

Category 2: chemicals suspected to cause the effect

(mutation, cancer or reproductive toxicity)

But not convincing evidences

Vinyl chloride, benzene, formaldehyde, Chromiun VI compounds

8. Specific target organ toxicity (s. exp.) 9. Specific target organ toxicity (rep. exp)

Include chemicals that cause a significant toxic effect in an organ or

biological system, apart from the effects talked about previously, from a

single exposure or from repeated exposures.

Autor: Fecha:

In both cases chemicals are classified in two categories according with the dose

needed and the severity of the effect.

But for single exposure there is a third category that includes narcotical and

respiratory irritating substances and mixtures.

Category 1 Category 2

Category 3

Danger Warning

Warning

Single exposure

Repeated exp.

H370

H372

H371

H373

H335

H336

Respiratory irritanting

Narcotic

Metals and

metal

compounds of

Cd, Pb

H372

NOx

Acrolein

H335

Organic

solvents

H336

Autor: Fecha:

10. Aspiration Hazard

This hazard is connected with

aerosol substances, usually

dispensed in selfpressurized

containers. The key to

classifying these products is if a

pool of product is formed in the

mouth or nose which then may

be aspirated

Classification criteria = viscosity

hydrocarbons,

turpentine

and pine oil.

The aspiration may cause acute effects as

pneumonia, pulmonary injury or death

Category 1

Danger

H304

CLASSIFICATION

COMUNICATION

PHYSICAL HAZARDS ENVIROMENTAL HAZARDS

Autor:Txelis Sanz Fecha:31/01/2018

ThaT’s all folks

Danke für Ihre Aufmerksamkeit