mrspinoantl.wikispaces.commrspinoantl.wikispaces.com/file/view/Unit IV MC prac te… · Web...

Unit IV- Land and Water Use Practice Test

1. The degradation of spaces on and surrounding Earth which are outside of the domain/ ownership/ rule of any country is known as:

a) The common curve b) The tragedy of the commonsc) The circle of the sustainability. d) The imminent domain.e) The tragedy of the cheese.

Refer to the following locations for question 2-6:a) Yellowstone National Parkb) Yosemite National Parkc) Cuyahoga Riverd) Love Canale) Lake Erie

2. Oil-polluted, caught fire in 1969.

3. Hetch Hetchy is located here.

4. Millions of fish deaths, severe pollution, many beaches closed in the late 1960s.

5. The first national park in the world.

6. Housing development evacuated due to toxic waste leaks.

7. Old-growth forest in the Pacific Northwest of the United States:a) Take 20-40 years to reach their prime in terms of growth and diversity.b) Have few snags and fallen trees.c) Are linked to the survival of many species, including salmon.d) Accumulate biomass inefficiently, related to secondary growth forest.e) Increase the likelihood of fires because they act as giant sponges for moisture.

8. The principal reason to channelize natural streams and rivers is:A. to reduce habitat for mosquitoes and other pestsB. for flood controlC. to distribute water to agricultural areasD. to control sediment pollutionE. to provide a benign environment for aquatic wildlife


9. Which of the following is a cause of tropical deforestation?I. PovertyII. Conservation easementsIII. Population growth

a) I onlyb) II onlyc) I an II onlyd) I and III onlye) II and III only

For Questions 10-12, refer to the following terms regarding public lands in the United States:a) National Park Serviceb) National Wildlife Federationc) U.S. Forest Serviced) Bureau of Land Managemente) U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

10. Manages National Resource Lands.11. Manages National Wildlife Refuges.12. Manages 22 Grasslands and 156 Forests.

For Questions 13-16, refer to the following terms:a) Clear- Cuttingb) Shelterwood Cuttingc) Whole-Tree Harvestingd) Seed- Tree Cuttinge) Strip- Cutting

13. Nearly all of a stand’s trees are harvested in one cutting, leaving a few uniformly distributed fertile trees to regenerate the stand.14. Removal of all trees from a given area in a single cutting.15. Removal of all mature trees in two or three cuttings over a period of about ten years.16. A corridor of trees is cut completely along the contour of the land, with the corridor narrow enough to allow natural regeneration within a few years


17. Which of the following is a goal of the National Park service?I. To preserve nature in parks II. To develop natural waterways for public transport.III. To make nature more available to the public.

a) I onlyb) II onlyc) III onlyd) I and II onlye) I and III only

18. National forests are supposed to be managed on a :I. Monetary-return basisII. Sustainable-yield basisIII. Multiply-use basis

a) I onlyb) II onlyc) III onlyd) I and III only e) II and III only

19. Adverse environmental effects of channelization include all of the following EXCEPT:A. a less diverse range of habitats for aquatic speciesB. loss of wetlandsC. increased flood hazard along channelized segments of streamsD. aesthetic degradationE. loss of riparian vegetation

20. In 1995, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife service began reintroducing the gray wolf into:a) The Grand Canyonb) Yosemite national parkc) Rocky mountain national park d) The Yellowstone ecosystem e) Glacier national park

21. Desalination is a promising source of water for some locations because:A. desalinated water can be delivered at a lower cost than many water sourcesB. desalination produces water purer than surface water and approaching the purity of groundwaterC. desalination requires less energy than transporting water over long distancesD. desalination is a potential water source for even the most arid coastal areaE. all of these


22. The abnormal, artificial ecosystems created by farming are known as:A. pasturesB. agro-ecosystemsC. subvariate habitatsD. monoculturesE. empauperated floras

23. An even-aged management strategy’s goal is:a) Sustaining maximum biological diversity.b) Highest quality timber production.c) A long-term, ecologically-oriented approach.d) Production of maximum return on a short-term basis.e) Multiple-use of a forest stand.

24. Prescribed burns may be beneficial due to which of the following?I. Some species depend on periodic fire for survival.II. Natural fuel loads are increased.III. Chances of a potential crown fire are decreased.

a) I onlyb) II onlyc) III onlyd) I and III onlye) I and II only

25. Plowing (i.e. the regular mixing of the top layer of the soil) is exactly like which natural process?A. glacial actionB. floodingC. wind erosionD. earthquakesE. plowing is not like any other natural process

26. The first national park system was created in:a) Kenyab) Antarcticac) Costa Ricad) Swedene) The United States

27. Wilderness, according to the Wilderness Society, should contain at least:a) 1.5 square milesb) 15 square milesc) 150 square milesd) 1,500 square milese) 150,000 square miles


28. Wise-use conservationists advocate actions and choices which:a) Bring about the greatest good for the greatest number of peopleb) Preserve nature in its natural statec) Coincide with the views of John Muir on land areasd) Were opposed by Gifford Pinchote) Maintain Ecological Integrity above all other interests

29. Sustainable use of U.S. Forests would likely be encouraged by all of the following EXCEPT:a) Disallowing returns of gross receipts from national forests to county governmentsb) Emphasizing even-aged management in old growth forestsc) Using more recreational user fees to fund the forest serviced) Taxing exports of raw logse) Encouraging individuals and groups to buy concentration easements in old growth forests

30: Of the approximately 500,000 species of plants on Earth, about how many are cultivated on a large scale?A. 10B. 50C. 150D. 500E. 5000

31. Bycatch a) is commonplace only in temperate watersb) is generally considered to be desirable among the majority of legislatorsc) is a method which enhances the sustainability of fishingd) is typically carried out using two or more fishing vesselse) is used to describe organisms that are unintentionally caught

32. Which of the following has contributed to the endangered status of the blue whale?I. the brief time period to reach sexual maturityII. prolonged overharvesting of the blue whaleIII. group feeding behavior in Antarctic waters

a) I onlyb) II onlyc) III onlyd) II and III onlye) I, II, and III

33. Marine biodiversity is difficult to protect due to:


I. the perception that the seas contain inexhaustible resourcesII. the difficulties in developing, monitoring, and enforcing international agreementsIII. much of it being out of view of most People


34. Which of the following statements is accurate regarding purple loosestrife?I. it has reduced wetland biodiversity in the United StatesII. it may be controlled by natural predators, such as a specific weevil or beetleIII. it has reduced habitat for some wetland wildlife

a) I onlyb) II onlyc) III onlyd) I and II onlye) I, II, and III

35. Turtle exclusion devices (TEDs):I. Are required by the United States government on offshore shrimp trawlers.II. Allow turtles to be captured, while letting the shrimp loose.III. Typically increase turtle mortality.


36. Which of the following statements is true regarding the maximum sustained yield (MSY) method of managing the world’s marine fisheries?

a) Fishing quotas are typically easy to enforce.b) Populations and growth of fish stocks are difficult to measure and predict.c) Harvesting a fishery at its extreme maximum sustainable level typically allows for a wide margin for

error.d) Underreporting fish harvests by fishers cannot occur under MSY’s.e) Fish population estimates are based on precise data that is updated monthly.

37. Which of the following would increase or enhance the sustainability of fisheries?I. Use labels that allow consumers to identify fish that have been harvested sustainably.


II. Reduce or eliminate fishing subsides.III. Impose fees for harvesting fish and shellfish from publicly owned and managed offshore waters.


38. There is pressure in many developing countries for farmers to grow crops for export to generate hard currency to repay international debt. What are these types of crops are called?

A. subsistence cropsB. grainsC. import-export cropsD. cash cropsE. hard currency crops

39. The depletion of the world’s marine fish stocks due to overfishing is a classic example of:a) The sustainable use of resources.b) The trap-door principle.c) The failure of international treaties.d) The eminent domain principle.e) The tragedy of the commons.

40. Activities allowed in the (U.S.) National Wild and Scenic Rivers System include which of the following?I. fishing II. kayakingIII. motor boating

a) I onlyb) II onlyc) III onlyd) I and II onlye) II, and III only

41. The largest wetlands restoration project in U.S. history isa) the Salton Sea (California)b) the Great Salt Lake (Utah)c) the Mississippi Riverd) the Chesapeake Baye) the Florida Everglades

42. The international whaling commission (IWC)I. regulates the whaling industry by setting quotas


II. attempts to prevent overharvesting and commercial extinction of whale speciesIII. has been unable to stop the decline of most commercially hunted whale species


43. Japan has side stepped the international whaling commission moratorium on commercial whaling bya) insisting that subsistence hunting of a small number of whales for food and survival is essentialb) promoting the survival of indigenous populations, such as the Inuitc) stating that the CITIES treaty is sufficient to protect whale speciesd) only harvesting whales which are threatened, and not those which are endangerede) calling its annual minke whale harvest “scientific whaling

44. The "Green Revolution" refers to:A. a recent political shift in Germany and other European countriesB. the shift from hunting and gathering to agricultureC. post-World War II programs to increase crop yields and resistance to diseaseD. the 1993 overthrow of the Brazilian governmentE. the shift from resource-based agriculture to demand-based agriculture

45. Which of the following is considered a drawback in salmon ranching?I. the close quarters contributes to rapid spread of diseasesII. Interbreeding programs between wild salmon and ranch salmon can reduce genetic diversity of

the wild salmonIII. The construction of dams has greatly reduced the need for salmon ranches


46. Land-use can be controlled by:I. Conservation easementsII. Environmental Impact AnalysisIII. Limiting the number of building permits


47. The second green revolution is predominantly characterized by:a) Planting more perennial crops.


b) Increased use of agroforestry.c) Grassroots efforts to preserve many tree species.d) Using genetically engineered dwarf plant varieties.e) Increased activism by environmental groups, such as Greenpeace, to share information about the

benefits of intensive agriculture.

48. Goals for genetic engineering of crop species include all of the following EXCEPT:A. plants with nitrogen-fixing abilityB. plants that spread freely to any and all open landC. higher yieldsD. plants with greater resistance to coldE. plants with greater resistance to heat and drought

49. Irrigation of plants refers to the:A. addition of fertilizersB. spraying of pesticidesC. crossing of one or more varieties of species to produce an offspring with particular desired qualitiesD. artificial addition of waterE. growing of plants in a nutrient rich solution

50. In most of the arid and semiarid west, water use is regulated by the:a) Doctrine of riparian rightsb) Doctrine of eminent romainec) Principle of aquatic limitationsd) Principle of prior appropriatione) Decree of Mason-Dixon

51. The single, most frequent irrigation method is (in an agricultural use):a) Gravity flowb) Dripc) Unlined, natural irrigation channelsd) Center pivote) Lateral pivot

52. Which of the following statements about lakes is true?a) Stratified layers of lakes are characterized by vertical mixing.b) Stratification increases dissolved oxygen levels, especially in the bottom layer.c) lakes are more vulnerable than streams to contamination by plant nutrients, oil, and pesticides.d) Lakes experience greater flushing than streams due to the greater heat capacity of a lake versus a

stream.e) Changing water in lakes generally takes about 1,000 years.

53. The water pollution and control legislation enacted in the 1970s in the United States has done which of the following?

I. Reduced point-source pollution on rivers.


II. Increase the number and quality of wastewater\ sewage treatment plants.III. Offered some protection to inland and coastal wetlands.

a) I onlyb) II onlyc) III onlyd) II and III onlye) I, II, and III.

54. Which of the following water quality tests would best provide an indication of the amount of suspended solid matter?

a) Biological Oxygen Demandb) Salinity.c) Hardness.d) Alkalinity.e) Turbidity.

55. True or False : “Logistic carrying capacity” and “optimum sustainable population” are two definitions of the same concept.

a. trueb. false

56. Each of the following statements is true EXCEPT.a) Requiring cities to withdraw water downstream of the city would likely reduce pollution.b) Temperature and pH can affect the oxygen sag curve.c) The width and depth of the oxygen sag curve is dependent on water volume and flow rate.d) Streams can recover from degradable pollutants as long as they are not overloaded.e) Slow- flowing rivers are less susceptible to pollutants than fast- flowing rivers.

57. A threshold dose-response curve model a) implies there is a dose below which no detectable harmful effects occur.b) errors on the side of safety.c) implies that each dose of ionizing radiation or toxic chemical carries a risk of causing harm.d) Is useful for assessing chronic toxicity.e) is the best tool for evaluating chemical toxicity.

58. Which of the following is the leading cause of preventable death in the United States?a) alcohol useb) tobacco use


c) suicidesd) automobile accidentse) AIDS

59. Farmers can sharply reduce fertilizer runoff byI. Using prescribed amounts of fertilizer.II. Fertilizing only sloped areas, but not flat areas.III. Planting legumes and other nitrogen-fixing plants.

a) I onlyb) II onlyc) III onlyd) I and II onlye) I and III only

60. Which of the following substances are removed to the greatest extent by combined primary and secondary sewage/wastewater treatment?

a) Organic pesticidesb) Organic oxygen-demanding wastesc) Toxic metals and synthetic organic chemicalsd) Radioactive isotopese) Viruses

61. Globally, the majority of water use is fora) Humans showering/bathingb) Cooling power plantsc) Washing clothesd) Irrigating cropse) Watering lawns landscaped areas around homes and businesses

62. When completed, it will be the world’s largest hydroelectric dam and reservoira) Columbia Riverb) Hoover IIc) Glen Canyond) Hetch Hetchye) Three Gorges

63. What is the main reason that DDT is still being used in large areas of the world?A. need to maximize crop yields in populous developing countriesB. coercion by U.S. chemical manufacturers


C. the chemical breaks down in tropical climates to a benign formD. pests have developed a resistance to itE. to combat malaria

For questions 64-65, refer to the chart below on changing acid conditions

64. What best explains why the pH is dropping in the water?a) Acid pollutionb) The pH naturally declines over timec) The pH drops when the organic matter decays.d) acid depositione) alkalinity deposition

65. Which species has a better ability to adapt to the changing environment?

a) Water boatmanb) Mussel and Smallmouth Bassc) Whirligig and Yellow Perchd) Water boatman and Whirligige) Brown Trout

66. Which of the following is a result of government agricultural policies?a) Keeps the food prices artificially low.b) Removal of agricultural subsidies.c) Increasing food production.d) Purchasing farm land.e) Conservation of water.

67. Which is not an important property of water?a) Water is the universal solvent.b) Hydrogen bonding is a strong force of attraction.c) Water exists naturally in all three physical states.d) Water decreases in volume as it freezes.e) Water can store a large amount of heat energy.

68. Which of the following is false regarding salinization?a) it can stunt crop growth


b) it is estimated that severe salinization has reduced crop yields on 10% of the world's irrigated croplands

c) salts can be flushed out of soils by applying large volumes of water with low-salt contentd) salinized soils can be renewed by taking the land out of production for 2-5 years or moree) irrigation water usually lacks dissolved salts

69. A major cause of increased salinization is:a) water percolation into the soilb) water table risesc) salt is removed by waterd) evaporation leaves salts behinde) another word for waterlogging

For questions # 70 and 71, use the following answersa) virusb) bacteriumc) protozoand) insecte) worm

70. Ebola is caused by a71. Malaria is caused by a

72. Which of the following is a disadvantage of withdrawing groundwater?a) Increased saltwater intrusion into the drink water supply in coastal areas.b) Available year round.c) No loss of water due to evaporation.d) Cheaper to extract when compared to most surface water.e) Exist in most areas of the world.

73. During the last 50 years meat consumption worldwide has nearly doubled, which is not a disadvantage of increased meat production.

a) Increase of greenhouse gases due to increase use of fossil fuel in meat production.b) Concentration of animal waste in a small area.c) Increase use of antibiotics has lead to increase resistance in microbes.d) Increase protein in the diet.e) Increase inputs of grain, water and fossil fuels.

74. What is/are advantages of dams and reservoirs.I. Capture and store runoff and release it as needed.


II. Control downstream flooding.III. Can be used to generate electricity.

a) I onlyb) II onlyc) III onlyd) I and III onlye) I, II, and III

For Questions #75-76, use the diagram below.

75. How many states drain into the Colorado River?a) 4b) 5c) 6d) 7e) 8

76. The terminus of the river is:a) Gulf of Mexicob) Gulf of Californiac) Mono Laked) Great Salt Lakee) Salton Sea

77. Which of the following is not an advantage to organic farming?a) decreases soil fertility


b) Benefits wildlifec) Eliminates pollution from pesticidesd) Reduces soil erosionse) Eliminates CO2 emissions

78. The California Water Project involves the movement of large amounts of water from one location to another, which of the following is not part of this water project.

a) Uses giant pumps, dams and aqueducts to transport water.b) Recent court decisions regarding the delta smelt may lead to a decrease of water moved to the south.c) Moving water from the Colorado River , which borders California, to Arizona.d) Movement of water from the eastern Sierras.e) Movement of water from northern California to the southern part of the state.

79. What happens to Solar Energy when it reaches the biosphere?I. Used for photosynthesisII. Warms the atmosphereIII. Evaporates and recycles water

A. I onlyB. II onlyC. III onlyD. I and III onlyE. I, II, and III

80. Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are:A. genetic engineered using recombinant DNA.B. using processes called gene splicingC. gene splicing has been used to develop drugs, crops and animalsD. some countries have banned GMOsE. all of the above

81. Overgrazing of rangelands results ina. Decreased biodiversity in lands.b. Desertification of topsoilc. Increased erosion of topsoild. b and ce. a, b, and c

82. Important limiting factors for aquatic ecosystems include:I. temperature and sunlight


II. dissolved oxygen contentIII. salinity

a) I onlyb) II onlyc) III onlyd) I and III onlye) All of the above

83. Seawater and salty groundwater are made fit to drink through desalinization. This can be achieved by:I. heating the salt water until the water evaporates, leaving behind a crust of salt. The water vapor can

then be condensed to produce fresh water.II. forcing the salt water through a membrane permeable to water but not to salt, removing about 97% of

the salt from the water.III. using microorganisms to ingest the salt from the water leaving behind fresh water.

a.) I onlyb.) II onlyc.) I & II onlyd.) I & III onlye.) II & III only

84. About one-third of the Earth's land has climates that should produce deserts, but about 43% actually is desert. What one dominant force is believed to be the cause of this excess desert land?

A. irrigationB. global warmingC. naturally occurring changes in climate since the last Ice AgeD. human activitiesE. agriculture

85. Use of predators, parasites, and competitors for pest control defines which of the following:A. integrated waste managementB. secondary pest outbreaksC. effective methods for controlling malariaD. game ranchingE. biological pest control

86. One of the environmental advantages of sub-surface mining over surface mining isa. that the water table can be tapped to flush out dangerous minerals from the mine pits.b. less soil erosion occurs because the ground layer around the mine remains relatively undisturbed. c. mine waste of subsurface mines contains less toxic mineral traces than that of surface mines.d. subsurface mines release fewer gases such as radon and methane than surface mines.e. mineral density varies inversely with depth, so subsurface mines are abandoned a long time before

surface mines are87. Which of the following are the most immediate causes of deforestation

a. Commercial logging.


b. subsistence agriculture. c. housing developments.d. Both a. and b.e. Both b. and c.

88. All of the following contribute to sediment pollution excepta. Erosion of agricultural landb. Logging of forests exposing the soilc. Stream bank with rip-rapd. Overgrazed rangelande. Construction

89. According to the graph, how much dissolved oxygen will there be when the water temperature is 15oC?a. 7 mg/Lb. 8.3 mg/Lc. 9.8 mg/Ld. 10 mg/Le. 11 mg/L

90. Renewable resources are: a) Inexhaustible.b) Always clean-burning.c) Finite in supply.d) Replenishing in human time frame. e) Always solids at room temperature.

91. Which of these is a disadvantage of dams and reservoirs:I. can slow downstream migration


II. can prevent upstream migration of mature salmonIII. may kill young salmon as they pass through turbines


92. Which of the following statements is FALSE?I. eutrophication is a natural process and can occur without the influence of humansII. rivers are generally more vulnerable to contamination than lakesIII. acid deposition represents a more serious hazard to lakes than rivers

a) I onlyb) II onlyc) III onlyd) I and II onlye) II and III only

93. As people clear land and modify the environment, species which are especially vulnerable to extinction.

A. are generalistsB. have highly specific habitatsC. are mammalsD. can adapt to a different environmentE. live in diverse ecosystems

94. Which of the following is a method used to increase the Columbia River’s salmon runs?I. building fish laddersII. using trucks and barges to transport salmon around damsIII. reduction of silt runoff from dirt logging Roads above spawning streams


95. What are the environmental disadvantages of urbanization?I. Lack of trees and food production


II. Cities have better waterIII. Citizens in cities tend to have more health problems


Using the diagram to the left, answer the following question:

96: Which fish species does well in poor water quality?

a) troutb) bassc) carpd) catfishe) none

97. Snags and fallen treesA. contribute to erosion of the soil from logged forestB. recycle nutrients and provide habitat in the forest ecosystemC. disrupt the order of a forest ecosystemD. defy the second law of thermodynamicsE. are most valuable for making chipboards

98. Deforestation of the tropical rainforest is a. a serious problem for our environment because, without trees to produce oxygen and remove

carbon dioxide from our environment, we would not survive.b. not a problem for our environment because trees have no important role in our environment.c. a serious problem, but we can build factories and machines to do the same things that trees do and

they would be less polluting.b. not a problem; there are too many trees and it is good to cut many of them down.c. not a problem; trees are not the only organisms that produce oxygen.


99. A sign of the overexploitation of a fish stock is:

A. the shift in catch towards older agesB. the shift in catch towards younger agesC. overall declining quantity of catchD. an unstable maximum sustainable yield (MSY)E. decline in the logistic growth curve

100. Silviculture is defined as all the manipulating operations that go into the development and maintenance of a forest stand. Which of the following would not be included among common silvicultural practices?

A. thinningB. clear cuttingC. pruningD. prescribed burningE. grazing

mrspinoantl.wikispaces.commrspinoantl.wikispaces.com/file/view/Unit IV MC prac te… · Web...

Documents

Transcript of mrspinoantl.wikispaces.commrspinoantl.wikispaces.com/file/view/Unit IV MC prac te… · Web...