IV. Electron Configuration Electrons in Atoms. A. General Rules zPauli Exclusion Principle yEach...
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![Page 1: IV. Electron Configuration Electrons in Atoms. A. General Rules zPauli Exclusion Principle yEach orbital can hold 2 electrons with opposite spins. y “Opposites.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062805/5697bfd51a28abf838cad9a9/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
IV. Electron Configuration
Electrons in Atoms
![Page 2: IV. Electron Configuration Electrons in Atoms. A. General Rules zPauli Exclusion Principle yEach orbital can hold 2 electrons with opposite spins. y “Opposites.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062805/5697bfd51a28abf838cad9a9/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
A. General Rules
Pauli Exclusion Principle
Each orbital can hold 2 electrons
with opposite spins.
“Opposites Attract”
![Page 3: IV. Electron Configuration Electrons in Atoms. A. General Rules zPauli Exclusion Principle yEach orbital can hold 2 electrons with opposite spins. y “Opposites.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062805/5697bfd51a28abf838cad9a9/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
A. General Rules
Aufbau Principle
Electrons fill the lowest energy orbitals first.
“Lazy Tenant Rule”
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A. General Rules
More on Aufbau
Order Orbitals Fill
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RIGHTWRONG
A. General Rules
Hund’s Rule
Within a sublevel, place one e- per orbital before pairing them.
“Empty Bus Seat Rule”
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H
1e-
Orbital Diagram
Electron Configuration
1s1
B. Notation
1s
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He
2e-
Orbital Diagram
Electron Configuration
1s2
B. Notation
1s
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Li
3e-
Orbital Diagram
Electron Configuration
1s2 2s1
B. Notation
1s 2s
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Be
4e-
Orbital Diagram
Electron Configuration
1s2 2s2
B. Notation
1s 2s
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B
5e-
Orbital Diagram
Electron Configuration
1s2 2s2 2p1
B. Notation
1s 2s 2p
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C
6e-
Orbital Diagram
Electron Configuration
1s2 2s2 2p2
B. Notation
1s 2s 2p
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N
7e-
Orbital Diagram
Electron Configuration
1s2 2s2 2p3
B. Notation
1s 2s 2p
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O
8e-
Orbital Diagram
Electron Configuration
1s2 2s2 2p4
B. Notation
1s 2s 2p
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F
9e-
Orbital Diagram
Electron Configuration
1s2 2s2 2p5
B. Notation
1s 2s 2p
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Ne
10e-
Orbital Diagram
Electron Configuration
1s2 2s2 2p6
B. Notation
1s 2s 2p
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Shorthand Configuration
S 16e-
Valence Electrons
Core Electrons
S 16e- [Ne] 3s2 3p4
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4
B. Notation
Longhand Configuration
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B. Notation
Practice with Electron Configuration
Worksheet
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© 1998 by Harcourt Brace & Company
nsnp
(n-1)d
(n-2)f
n=1n=2n=3n=4n=5n=6n=7
C. Periodic Patterns
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C. Periodic Patterns
Period # energy level (subtract for d & f)
Column within sublevel block # of e- in sublevel
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s-block
1st Period
1s11st column of s-block
C. Periodic Patterns
Example - Hydrogen
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1
2
3
4
5
6
7
C. Periodic Patterns
Shorthand Configuration Core e-: Go up one row and over to the Noble Gas.
Valence e-: On the next row, fill in the # of e- in each sublevel.
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[Ar] 4s2 3d10 4p2
C. Periodic Patterns
Example - Germanium
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C. Periodic Patterns
Periodic Patterns Activity
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Most stable = Full energy level
1
2
3
4 5
6
7
Full sublevel (s, p, d, f)Half-full sublevel
D. Stability
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Electron Configuration Exceptions
Copper
EXPECT: [Ar] 4s2 3d9
ACTUALLY: [Ar] 4s1 3d10
Copper gains stability with a full d-sublevel.
D. Stability
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Electron Configuration Exceptions
Chromium
EXPECT: [Ar] 4s2 3d4
ACTUALLY: [Ar] 4s1 3d5
Chromium gains stability with a half-full d-sublevel.
D. Stability
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D. Stability
Ion Formation Atoms gain or lose electrons to become
more stable. Isoelectronic with the Noble Gases.
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O2- 10e- 1s2 2s2 2p6
D. Stability
Ion Electron Configuration
Write the e- config for the closest Noble Gas
EX: Oxygen ion O2- Ne
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D. Stability
Practice with Stability & Electron Configuration Worksheet