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ROLE OF IT IN COMMUNICATION

ISHU MITTAL

ANEESH SINGLA

GAURAV NAIR

MONIKA

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WHAT IS COMMUNICATION?

Communication involves the sharing of ideas

and information.

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communication as:

the act of transmitting

a giving or exchanging of information, signals, or messages as bytalk, gestures, or writing

the information, signals, or message close, sympathetic relationship

a means of communicating; specif., a system for sending andreceiving messages, as by telephone, telegraph, radio, etc.

a system as of routes for moving troops and material

a passage or way for getting from one place to another the art of expressing ideas, esp. in speech and writing

the science of transmitting information, esp. in symbols

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Means of Communication

In early records, hieroglyphics and primitive cave paintings were used tocommunicate information and transmit messages. Oral stories and traditions werealso passed down through generations and eventually many of these stories alsocame to be written down in some cultures.

The use of carrier pigeons, followed by Morse code and telegraph technologyexpanded the reach of communication, making it possible for people to send

messages over longer distances. Today, communication has expanded and is easier than ever before. Television

allows messages to be communicated quickly and instantly to millions of viewersworldwide, and viewers can watch events such as political elections unfold in realtime.

Perhaps nothing has changed communication so much as the Internet.Whiletelevision and radio provided one-way communication, the Internet allows for the

two-way exchange of information and lets people throughout the world send datainstantly and share ideas immediately and with almost no cost. Video chat, instantmessages and even voice-over-IP telephone systems make it possible to connectwith and communicate with more people than ever before.

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IT??

IT deals with the use of electronic computers andcomputer software to securely convert, store,protect, process, transmit, input, output, andretrieve information.

When computer and communicationstechnologies are combined, the result isinformation technology, sometimes called"infotech." Information technologyis a general

term that describes any technology that helps toproduce, manipulate, store, communicate, and/ordisseminate information.

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Communication Channels

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Voice Channels

First thing that comes to mind is telephone systems and the phone at home.Talking to someone on the phone uses Voice Channels. This doesn't seem to havemuch to do with Networks!

We do use voice channels for modem communications to connect to BBSs (BulletinBoard Services) or to connect to the Internet.We also use voice channels toconnect LANs using remote access. Due to the bandwidth limits on the VoiceChannel, the data transfer rate is relatively slow.

Voice Channel: Dial-up connection through a modem using standard telephonelines. Typical Voice Channel communication rates are: 300, 1200, 2400, 9600,14.4k, 19.2k, 28.8k, 33.6k and 56 kbps (bits per second).

5b. Data Channels

Data channels are dedicated lines for communicating digitized voice and data. Atthe end of 1996, there was a major milestone where more data wascommunicated in North America's telecommunications system than voice.

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ROLE OF IT IN COMMUNICATION

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LAN

Local Area Networks - a system of computers

that share resources such as hard-drives,

printers, data, CPU power, fax/modem,

applications, etc... They usually have

distributed processing - means that there is

many desktop computers distributed around

the network and that there is no centralprocessor machine (mainframe). Can be

campus wide like a college or university.

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MAN

Metropolitan Area Networks: a system of LANsconnected through out a city or metropolitan.MANs are used to connect to other LANs. A

MAN has to have the requirement of using atelecommunication media such as VoiceChannels or Data Channels. Branch offices areconnected to head offices through MANs.

Examples of companies that use MANs areuniversities and colleges, grocery chains andbanks.

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WAN

Wide Area Networks: a network systemconnecting cities, countries, continentstogether. TransCanada Pipeline has aWAN

that stretches from Alberta to Boston. It goesfrom Alberta to Ontario then through theStates and ends up in Boston. Themaintenance and control of the network

resides in Calgary.WANs are connectedtogether using one of the telecommunicationsmedia.

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HUBS

Hubs are also called Multiport Repeaters or

Concentrators. They are physical hardware

devices.

Hubs are used to provide a Physical Star

Topology.

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ROUTERS

Routers

Routers are hardware and software devices.

They can be cards that plug into a collapsedbackbone, stand-alone devices (rack mount or

desktop) or software that would run on a file

server with 2 NICs.

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BLUETOOTH

Bluetooth is an open wireless technology

standard for exchanging data over short

distances (using short wavelength radio

transmissions) from fixed and mobile devices,

creating personal area networks (PANs) with

high levels of security.

Created by telecoms vendor Ericsson in 1994

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Security of bluetooth

Bluetooth implements confidentiality, authentication and keyderivation with custom algorithms based on the SAFER+ blockcipher. Bluetooth key generation is generally based on a BluetoothPIN, which must be entered into both devices. This procedure mightbe modified if one of the devices has a fixed PIN (e.g., for headsets

or similar devices with a restricted user interface). During pairing,an initialization key or master key is generated, using the E22algorithm.[38] The E0 stream cipher is used for encrypting packets,granting confidentiality and is based on a shared cryptographicsecret, namely a previously generated link key or master key. Thosekeys, used for subsequent encryption of data sent via the air

interface, rely on the Bluetooth PIN, which has been entered intoone or both devices.

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WI-FI

Wi-Fi (pronounced /wafa/) is a trademarkof theWi-Fi Alliance that manufacturers mayuse to brand certified products that belong to

a class ofwireless local area network (WLAN)devices

Wi-Fi technology has its origins in a 1985ruling by the U.S. Federal CommunicationsCommission that released several bands of theradio spectrum for unlicensed use.

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uses

Internet access

city wide wi fi

campus wide wi fi

Direct computer-to-computer

communications

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Wi max

WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for

Microwave Access) is a telecommunications

protocol that provides fixed and fully mobile

internet access. The currentWiMAX revision

provides up to 40 Mbit/s[1][2] with the IEEE

802.16m update expected offer up to 1 Gbit/s

fixed speeds.

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uses

The bandwidth and range ofWiMAX make it suitablefor the following potential applications:

Providing portable mobile broadband connectivityacross cities and countries through a variety of devices.

Providing a wireless alternative to cable and DSL for"last mile" broadband access.

Providing data, telecommunications (VoIP) and IPTVservices (triple play).

Providing a source of Internet connectivity as part of abusiness continuity plan.

Providing a network to facilitate machine to machinecommunications, such as for Smart Metering.

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