ITS at Borders Edward McCormack Winter 2009. 2 National Borders Problem Context Primary Border...

ITS at Borders

Edward McCormack

Winter 2009

2

National Borders Problem Context

• Primary Border Function– Ensure That Only

Permitted Persons and Goods Enter the Country

• Inspection Process Results In Congestion

• ITS Solution Sets – Provide Traveler

Information– Improve Processing

TimeSource: Bart Cima IBI

3

Border Data• Freight (much of the paper work is handled

by brokers)– Tariffs – Quotas– Bills of lading/manifests – Produce control (such as drug interdiction) – Currency law

• People (held by each individual traveler)– Nationality– Health– Employment status– Time in or out of county– Permission to enter or stay in country– Political status – Criminal record

4

Many Agencies Involved in Border Operations

•Customs and Border Protection– Immigration– Cargo– Agriculture

•DEA•Fish and Wildlife •U.S. Marshals•ATF•Coast Guard

•Border station “owned” by Government Services Agency

5

Complex Environment

Source: WCOG

7

The Border Post 9-11

• Emphasis on security• Customs went from revenue collection

to a security agency• Increasing reliance on pre-clearance of

known shippers and closer scrutiny of chains of custody

• Increasing use of ITS and other technologies to verify people, cargo, vehicle

8

Smart Border Accord & Technology

• In 2002, US and Canada agreed to sort out border issues

• 30 point accord heavy on technology including ITS

• But technology alone does not make the border smart• It can enhance security

• by reducing identity fraud• by help to sort and analyze traveler information

• And can improve traffic flow• by linking data and pre-clearing travelers / cargo• by managing congestion

9

Washington - British

Columbia Region

10

Washington Borders

• Four Crossings at Wash./B.C. border

• Two can be used by trucks

• Operates as a system

11

Example Washington/B.C. Border has a Congestion

Problem• 4th busiest commercial crossing on

border• 700,000 trucks crossed in 2006• 6 million cars crossed in 2006• Delay costs millions per year• Enforcement staffing has not kept up

with traffic

ITS Solutions – Border Crossing Advanced

Traveler Information System (ATIS)

13

Background

Traveler Information Needs:

• Pre-trip planning information

• Advance notification of crossing wait times

Source: Bart Cima IBI

14

Pre-Trip Information

• Traffic Cameras• Historical Wait Time Data• Customs Reports

15

Peace Arch or Pacific Highway?

, WA

SURREY, BC

??

??

PeacePeace Arch Arch

Pacific Pacific HighwayHighway

99

Source: WCOG

16

, WA

SURREY, BC

PeacePeace Arch Arch

Pacific Pacific HighwayHighway

PA….25 minPH….37 min

PA….55 minPH….10 minSource: WCOG

The ATIS Solution

NB: Save 45 minutes at Pac Hwy.SB: Save 8 minutes at Peace Arch.

17

British Columbia Southbound ATIS Project

• Funds From Both Countries

• Measures Real-time Border Crossing Times

• Captures Video Images

• Message Signs, Telephone, & Internet

18

Southbound ATIS

19

Northbound ATIS • Developed by WSDOT• Project includes:

– Web Site– Traffic Cameras– Highway Advisory Radio– Loop Detectors

• Border Agencies Also Interested in Data– Including Access to CCTV

Cameras

20

Northbound ATIS

Improving Processing Time

22

ITS Approaches to Improve Processing Time

• Identification of lower-risk people, vehicles and shipments

• Make the data exchanges electronic (reduce paper transactions)

• Use inspection technology

ITS Solutions for Passenger Vehicles

Border Technology

25

License Plate Readers

• Electronic identification of license plates

• Automatic link to law enforcement databases

• Helps identify of vehicles of interest

27


• Uses optical character recognition and works at night

• Have difficulty reading some state’s plates, some fonts, and in some weather conditions

• Border traffic is slow speed so system works well

• Needs to tied to a database

28

NEXUS Program

• Passenger vehicles• Smart card-based,

bi-national travel program

• Pre-approved travelers can skip queues and access a dedicated commuter lane

1-866-NEXUS26

www.ccra.gc.ca/nexus

29

Nexus Card

• Cost $50 (US) for approved individuals

• Proximity-based radio frequency card with chip and antenna

• Reader next to inspection booth

• Displays data and digital photo inside booth

Passport/License Card

• New Washington State driver licenses with RFID chip and unique ID number (no information)

• Less costly than a passport• Passports also have

RFID chip

30

Proximity Card Reader

Cameras

Solutions for Freight Movement

34

The Trade Flow

Cargo

Shipper

Customs Forms

Carrier

Border Inspection

Driver

Vehicle


35

Electronic Filing

Customs Forms

Cargo

ShipperCarrier

Border Inspection

Driver

Vehicle

Customs Systems

US Now Requires One Hour

Notification


36

WSDOT In–Bond Project

• In-Bond Shipments– Transit shipments thru the US– Shipper posts a bond

• Tracks shipment from Ports of Seattle and Tacoma to border with Canada

• Uses Automatic Vehicle Identification (AVI) Technology– Vehicle Mounted Transponder (the CVISN

Transponder)– Roadside Readers

Advanced Notification for Entering US

• Trucks – one hour• Ships – 24 hours• Airplanes – Before leaving• Cars/People - none

37

38


In-Bond Project

Cargo

ShipperCarrier

Border Inspection

Driver

Vehicle

Customs Systems

Transponder



39

Northbound In-Bond Process• When truck exits port,

the system alerts US Customs

• AVI readers at weigh stations provide en-route information

• AVI reader south of the border gives preview of in-bond status

• Automatically clears out the bond and marks the cargo as exported

40

Risk Assessment• Identification of Lower Risk

Shipments • A number of programs designed to

reduce risk– Pre-arrival program for trusted truckers– Automated targeting systems– Electronic container seals

• Allow inspection agencies to focus on higher-risk traffic

41

Risk Assessment

Cargo

ShipperCarrier

Border Inspection

Driver

Vehicle

Customs Systems Risk Assessment

E-Seal


42

Risk Assessment & Container Seals

Standard “dumb” seal

Transponder door seal

43

One eSeal that was tested in Washington

• Disposable transponder for container door

• 316 MHz (military frequency)

• Costs $5

• Tamper indicator message

• Readable at 35 MPH

• Transmits unique ID number

Another E-seal Tested in Washington

• Semi-disposable• CVISN Compatible• 915 MHz • Costs $50

45

Other Electronic Container Seals

46

Electronic Seal Functions

• Reusable or disposable• Battery life• Durability• Cost• Active or passive• Frequency (no standard yet)• Readable at freeway speeds• Range• Security

47

Example: How Electronic Seals Work

• In-transit containers of prohibited foods “lost” by US Department of Agriculture

• Seal track containers from Texas and Port of Tacoma to Canada

• Reader at border indicates when containers have left country

48

eSeal being Programmed

49

eSeal Installed

50

eSeal Readers at Border

51

Internet Backbone

52

Advantages of the Electronic Seals

• Electronic data reduces paper work, increase accuracy

• Security – more positive ID of container

• Track freight in ports and on highways

• Step towards tagging all containers

• Focus enforcement resources

53

Risk Assessment - FAST• Free and Secure Trade (FAST) Program• Pre-Screens

– Commercial Drivers– Carriers– Shippers

• Transponder Issued to Trucks• Smart Card to Drivers• Requires Electronic Filing of Custom Forms• Provides Dedicated Lane• As trade partners in supply chain must be

certified

http://www.cbp.gov/xp/cgov/import/commercial_enforcement/ctpat/fast/

54


FAST

Cargo

ShipperCarrier

Border Inspection

Driver

Vehicle

Customs Systems Risk Assessment

Transponder FAST


55

FAST Proximity Card

Screening Technologies

57

Biometrics

• Fingerprint, iris scan, facial, hand geometry, speech recognition

• Expensive and requires large database

• Privacy concerns• Slows border process – false positives• Best used in indoor, controlled

environment

58

The new VISIT Program uses Fingerprint

Biometrics

59

Mobile VACIS

• Vehicle And Cargo Inspection System

• Truck Mounted Gamma Ray Mobile Scanning System

• Captures an Image of Contents

• Image Similar to an X-ray.

60

VACUS

Radiation Detection

• Both fixed and handheld devices common

• False positives common

63

Screening Technologies

• Computer tomography (CAT scan)• x-ray scanning• gamma-ray imaging (VACUS) • neutron interrogation• ultrasonic and thermal imaging• Spectral analysis• Others under development

65

In-Bond ITS Needs Border Infrastructure

• No advantages to transponder truck if stuck behind untagged trucks

• New Lane at Blainewill provide access for transponder equipped trucks

ITS at Borders Edward McCormack Winter 2009. 2 National Borders Problem Context Primary Border...

Documents

Transcript of ITS at Borders Edward McCormack Winter 2009. 2 National Borders Problem Context Primary Border...