Itha Ninte Amma - Sep 2013

7/27/2019 Itha Ninte Amma - Sep 2013

1/36

>CVd \hs N saTvVw-R ?:>3


2/36

?CVd \hs N saTvVw-R ?:>3

\htodA

>. tIcmh\pw Md Z\fhjdApw tfh.

?. tIcmhsg Md cdkv{Sbo TdhIpw NVhs t\Vddpw NUhIpw tfh

3. tIcmhgp Md nVpw nVfhizdahIpw tfh.0. ncUw nqgw tfTh-ch-p-tTdo aIg Od-pw tfh. {TtVy-Ihvcdkv{Sbo sIdgTdVImh nchf, \hcbizcfd[hImdoh nchf, N{InhImdoh nchf, nVssfcyh nchf, \Ivaghaw, IyqUhaw, sS``hawVpSho fhfmh nchf VpSh Mdfpw.

7. tIcm ajovptfh, Md ajdQhIdchIpw fhizdahIpw tfh.

?:>3 saTvVwR > npV WhawR 3> fsc

SZI_IP IH KGSWS, DN_INH ABB@N_ND,

Ouil`ihe hb. IV / 03>, Dnhbrndn Kuhctibh, Pfrissur - >, Agrnln, Ih`in.

Zf; :065 3?:6=3:, ?95:7:3G-dnil; spiritihkgsusJednil.cbd Ugo; www.spiritihkgsus.bre


3/36

3CVd \hs N saTvVw-R ?:>3

nch-od-\p-I-cUw

n`hohs ZbfhVtimpw al\fpw


ti- IqSdsV Fcp [hfaw tTdgpw n`how Zbfh-h-h-1Mh-cp-dgpw Nf-\b-o-ndo a-S--mhIqsSopw Nf

Mtdepw Oizdaw {TdThhcpp.Cutidovptfh N\pjfhp Ftcd IkvSVopw Od

fh\p atdkfpw ndQpcyfpw {T[d\w sHpp!

timpsS jdch Ibev \dw M{VoQhIw fhknhpptfdN{VopnQhIw \npp {Tad[fpw d\{TtodZ\fpw ahhpw.

n`how fmsc alhp1 lr[otf[\todSpIqsS alhp1 Nfovsdw IdcUw aIg n\pkycpsSopw TdTmdohcpp.

\bVhnddcpsSopw, TcbImpw IkvSVImpwsIdp fhknhpfcpsSopw al\mhgpw Nf jdAjddoh.

T`p-[b-ad-opsS IfdSw Vp -d No--s ss[f-Tp-{Vst\sc n\pky IdUh \h lb\Vopw tIfgw guIhI atdksm{TVh \hVyjdAys \kvSsSpp n\pkycpsS O\difpw, ss[f-f-H-\s \htk-Qh-p--f-cpsS lr[-o-Id-Ph-\y-fp-sndwNfsm fmscoQhIw fya\hhp.

\bVhndd s_cpsSpVpw, ss[fs Vbsc sf`pp[pkvSd a{V fhZow {TdThpVpw fh\bV NftlmhsSpVpw ad QqShpVpsnds NfmpsS fya\sfh-h-p.

ss[f-ip-{iq-k-oh n\p-ky Md-oh-Spw {T[ih-h-p

jhndyfpw, {ip`fpw, @[dab\ndo {[pVAVhopw Nfv [pl-nd-oh.

tgdIs {TId-ih-h-d ss[f-Tp-{VVs sIdmp-ho[bTs \htkQhpsIdv tgdIw Vhoh npepIp IdevH ntj[Indohcpp.

Cu fydIpg Fdtcdpw Cu NopsS alVdTw \h` lr[os ThmpFdtcd fdmpImdohcpp.

NfmpsS ZbfhVw npepf\pw nopsSopw nqIndo al\hsopw \hccndo Fcptf[adhVzw Vsodohcpp1 n\pkycovptfh Nf Mpnd{Vw IcsdcpwN`h-h-h-.

Fd n`hotn! O{[opw aunyibgopndo ndVdtf! tin\pjfhp Ms Odfhs\ \b fv OizahhUsn.

andQd\w \Id \h\pnd{Vtn Iehfpq. Msd lr[otf[\Ism nQpcndh TId \b nd{Vtn TPhhpq. \b fv, Nfi\dohhSp \hs [dastnssIfhchv \hs N\p{Ald Nfs\ MepthUsn! Fd n`hotn ! ss[fhsVhcsSps ndVdtf! tfAw fchI1 \hs O{[VopsS OQhIys _ Mdftcopw NQhInQhIw N\pjfhhpI.

_d M{Vnd{Vw NQxTVhsp t\dpI. Mdgpw avt\lnp Nt! \hs_d n`hh1 C\hsodchgpw n`pIopnh.


4/36


IpImpw nUhFdW`pw Noovt tnfhgdaw;

MWhtd`ho 7

av{VbtoM\hpw \h\pw Mv 2 >>tSdw aK- ho

{TIdindIs ZbfhVw >6

tZdkh Tdch

N\p[h\ fhip ?7

nd\adch\p todZh Xg ?6

t{Vayd E.Wh.

fdI 3?

avThchv C Zbav,nchoIqSdcw, RhWhwAv \ IV/03>

nt\dcn ZwAvk, Vriq =6: ::>, tIcmtXd ; :065 3?:6=3:, ?95:7:3

g.dnil; spiritihkgsusJednil.cbd

wgositg; www.spiritihkgsus.bre

F{TVh >?.::Fcpfktv >7:.::Npfktv 57:.::fht[itv >7::.::

Znydght ; Oy DB/@@/Cfgqug bh nhy onha Znynolg nt Pfrissur `rnwh ih mnvbur bm SZI_IP IH KGSWS.

Mbr cfgqugs `rnwh btfgr tfnh n Pfrissur Onha, plgnsg n`` onha cfnregs J 7:/- pgr cfgqug.

_geibhnl cghtrgs;

Surinhglly;Dnrinh Cghtrg, Dnrylnh`,

Surinhglly Z.B =67 =>6, Pgl ; :06=6 3?09:0

Dudoni ;Hntibhnl Dnrinh Cghtrg, Ouhenlbw Hb. >,

Sni @ggp _gsi`ghcy, Hgnr Hgdihntf Pbwgr,

Ncfblg ]illneg, Hnllnsbpnrn Gnst - 0:> ?:9

Pgl; :90?3056=>=

@glfi ;Dnrinh Cghtrg, Znh`nv Hnenr,Hgw @glfi >>: :>6 Pgl; :>> ??0607==

Cfghhni ;Dnrinh Cghtrg, Hb.0/39/C

(Mirst Mlbbr),St.Zntricas Cfurcf _bn`, 3r` lnhg, Outt

_bn`, St.Pfbdns Dbuht, Cfghhni =:: :>=

Pgl; :00 ??30:???, :6>???>3975, 960:>96007

]glnhanhhi; Dnrinh Cghtrg, Pgncfgrs Cblbhy.

]glnhanhhi - =>> >>>. Pgl; :03=7 ?=0?35

Onhenlbrg;Dnrinh Cghtrg, Pfg [ibh, >=, Distvnllgy,

Ogfih` Nsfn Ofnvnh, Cnrdglnrnd _bn`,

Cnrdglnrnd Z.B, Onhenlbrg, 7=: :37Pgl ; :6: -??593:=7, Dbo; :90637>>075

Abcfi;Dnrinh Cghtrg, Hgnr F.L. Lt`, Fbusg Hb. ?,

Dntfni Dnhkbbrnh _bn`, Abcfi - =6?:>6

Pgl ; :060 =::5>::

Dnhcfgstgr ; Ihtgrhntibhnl Dnrinh Cghtrg,

Dnhcfgstgr, W.A.Pgl ; ::0050:3?=5>=7

VdmpImhgqsS....


CVd \hs NHbXv MWh; tSdw aK`ho sfqpt

ab\ho aRv MWh; IdV`b n`howaRv MWh; ..............................t[fay E.Wh.MWhtd`ho tRdWv; ...................tRRh tZdav,

gha tSdw, tZdkh Th.Th, sTd`hp sI.F.

Thtk ndt\Z; ....................V- Th.-ah

aptgk ndt\Z; ..................... Tb fh.Zh.

FdXbav \hlUw; .............................nh\h Tdgd

Whssa & tgouv ; .................... RdRp Mw.Wh

Wh.h.Th. & sahwAv ; .................... RhtZkv tZdav


5/36

7CVd \hs N saTvVw-R ?:>37CVd \hs N saTvVw-R ?:>3

MWh - t d - ` h - o

Vhtod-{IahtIc-m-h

Vhtod{Iah M ss[fbI awfhQd\sp`hv Ieh gw

MWhtd`ho MepVptd Ms n\h Fcp O{Alnpdohcp

p. ss[fhs jcUw \psS cdZypdfUw. NVp tgdIw npep

f-\hgpw @d-I-Uw. Tch-ip-d-d-fdo ss[f-hs Ic-ndUv NVv

Ms-sdv MepVhsVv M\hhtd fyndoh. NVhs\p

`hdUv Cu tTZpImh _d MepVpVv.

tIcm npKyn{h @Hdh NhtidQ\so NVhZbfh \dmp

I-md-oh-cpp IS-p-tTd-o-Vv. Fcp cdkv{Sb-o-d-c-t\dSpw, Fcp t\Vd-fh-

t\dSpw tVdd Fcp O[cw M\hp npKyn{h @ HdhtodSp

doh. npKyn{h cdZhfovUsn Ot{Idiw Mdfip\hpw

@doh. Sh.fh. Hd\gpI nchv npKyn{hso Vdseoh`d Icp

sn\p. npKyn{hopw achVopndoh NfhlhVRnpdoh Mv

Todoh T`hshgpw {TVhTfpw Shfh Hd\gpImpw T{V ndQy

nmpw NtV NhgdUv npKyn{hso t\chVv.


6/36

=CVd \hs N saTvVw-R ?:>3=CVd \hs N saTvVw-R ?:>3

I`Tpcmd Fcp cdkv{Sbo ZbfhVw CVpfscopw IdevHsf @Hdh C{Vopw

fk IdghS`dsV nptdptTdof\dsUpw Vs Cu fdIyh NVp Tch

Tdghpfd i\dsUpw Vhch`hod cdkv{Sbo MVhcdmhIpw ndQynpw

IehodsV tTdoVv MpsIdv2

npKyn{h @HdhtodSv M\hv {TtVyIndo Fcp VdgvTcyfpw tVdhohh.

fkpnpv WdfhhtIdWv M ah\hn tIcmh `hgbav Ootd NVhs\

Vhcdoh avThchv C Zbav ancw \Sh. Vhcpf\Tpcv tTdoh sa{I`htoh\

Spv cp[hfaw @Tfda {Td\ \Sh. NVh\hSoh npKyn{h NHypVd\s\opw

npn{hndscopw Iv \htf[\w sIdSpp. {TVhT t\Vdfdohcp @Hdhop

ndoh tXdUh R-sv _ @T-fd-a-nh-ch-p Idcyw N`h-oh--td Ntlw

fmsc VdgvTcyTqw MdfhQ ThVpUopw

NVh\p`pVp. adQhpsnh @Tfda

T-gh fv t\chv IdUd-snpw T`-p. CVpnd{VndUv @Hdhopndop

Ms fyhRw.

Hd\ htdndcpsS IqcpIp

np-h Ntd-jy-\doh \hv Nf-tcdSp

n`p-T-Sh-T-`-op @Hd-hso Tg-{Td-

fiyw _d Shfh av{Ib\h Ip. Nt

l-hs \hc-T-cd-Qh-Vz-h M\hv fgho

VdgvTcyndoh. NIdcUndoh Ntlw O{InhsSp-I-od-oh-cp-s Vhch--`hfv M\h-p-d-oh. ss[fw

Ntls awchs Mp nd{Vw {Tdhp,

O{Alhp.

Md [hfa Iehoptd`pw {Tiv\

cq-nd-fp-I-od-sUv n\-h-gd-oh. npKy-n-{h-

opsS cdZhsIdt NSq M fdihoh Hd\

gp-Impw {TVh-T-fpw opw {TKyd-Th--td

CVhs Tcyfad\snv Mv @VvIUvP M\hpdoh. Fcp \ jcUw tIcmh IdevHsf

ovp-fd jch-p--fv adQh-d

fgh-sodcp idTw tIc-m-h-gp-v.

{TtVy-Ihpw tId{Aav jch-p-

Iopw IyqUhpId {TVhT

d-fp -Iopw sHp -td

ad-ch -t\d -Sp MVhv


7/36


Apdohandoh nd`pIopw Z\v NVv [pchVndoh VbcpIopw sHpp. tIcmhs

idTndo ldgpw TUhnpSpw Rpw ancmpw M{Vtod fgho \difpw TcdZofp

ndUv Cu \dh @dhohchpVv. NVpsIdv Oshgpw t\npdtod2 cdkv{Sb

od t\npdhohchdw. Md adQdcUdcdo Z\ EfpnQhIw IkvSs

fcdUv. CVhs\dcp N`pVhfcpd Ocpnht Mv Nt\Iw {Tdfiyw _d Hhhhpv.

tIdSVhI Rv -\htcdQhhpw np tTcpImh NtV Rv Cpw \Spp.

Fcp Ih NQhIdch Ccpp jchptd NfsHp \Idcysm Thp

UovpIodUv Fcp \ {TVhTw sHtVv. Z\hs\Vhcdo {TfhI @dIp

td ancw \Sh Z\dQhTVyhs NVhcpIph \hv NVhs\Vhscop MVhv

{TISndUw. Z\sm tRdQfVvIchpw NfcpsS Njh{Tdo {TIShhpw EsVdw

cbVhoh adchs {i Ndcyh @dhsoSpd Iehopw - NVp sHUw.

ancw \Shopw fyfado \hhpw \Sp anc cdZys \ihhp

VdUv.

npKyn{h @HdhsVhscop ancw \bVhTqIndso Hh Ms n\

hgpdoh. NVpsIdpVs n\psIdv O nIs\ _d ThpUp. Ns\ohchs

Fcp [hfaw MÙdIpms Fcp Thoh Ccpp _d {TdhpIodohcpp. nsp

n, Imntchohgp fhip outahVdfhs ss[fdgoh. Thoh Ocpnh. Fcp

nUhpt`dmw _d {Tdhp. O anov Ms tXd iRv[hp. n`pfip O

T`-p-. n{h-a-j \hgw-T-Vh-p-sn-dUv Shfh Hd\-gp-I T`-op--Vv. tadmd tIahsg

achVso nqfdpTpe tIdSVhohtgv sIdptTdohchpIodUv. tIdSVhoh achV Vs

sndeh tcK-s-Sp-p-snpw NVp npKy-n-{hso fbeh-p-sn-p-ndUv `htdv. NVp-sId-v

{TdhUw. _d T`p, {Tdhdw. _d ss[fdgoh Meptp\hp. Ms

OdfpUp. _d T`p, Idtf, npKyn{h @Hdhso NfhSpv N`hopp.

Idtf, O nI \hcTcdQhodsUv _d fhizahpp. O nIs\ VId Fcpf

s\opw N\pf[hcptV. achV M av{Vb tIdSVhohtgv tTdohchpIodUv. OcpsS

sohgpw azdQb\h Nf Iw Tòptnd2 npKyn{hovsVhsc sndeh Tòptnd2 TdSh

Id-tf. achVso Fpw T -od N\p-f-[h--cp-Vv. npKy-n-{h-ovs-Vhsc T -od Nf-

cpsS \dfv HghcpVv. Idfv Ms tn f NjhtkIhgpw NQhIdchgpw Tchip

ddfhgpw ss[ffH\hgpw _d achVso VSp. Idfhs fgho adhQywO \hnhkw Ms tn fp. O Ogoh Fcp ihfp \hòpVv _d N`hp.

EVd\pw nUhq Iehv, fbhsgh Shfh Fd sHovVtd _d tI fd Cs\

odUv. V\hv Fpw Tòd\hsv achV nqfdpTpe tIdSVhoh T`p. achV Fpw T`

ohsv M\hv @`pdohcpVpsIdv CVptItd NpVw tVdhoh. \ atd

knpdoh.

{TVh-Tw sa{I--`h-tov @TtcdQw VpS-h-o-td _d tRdwsR-oh-gd-oh-cpp.

tIcmh \hv Tg avThchv C Zbav nmpw fhmhpT`p, fgho IpempdIpw,


8/36


{TdhUw. npKyn{h cdZhsfpwfsc @TtcdQw Mp T` ancnp` cdw [hfaw

FpnhdsV Nfad\hVv Ms\2 T{V ndQyn NVh\v Tg IdcUmpw \hcpp

v. Fcp IdcUw, _d\pw Nt\Iw avThchv C Zbav nmpw fhizahpp, Zbfhp

ss[fhs Icw NfhsS {Tfhp. NVpsIdpVsodUv andQd\Tcndoh O ancw

Nfad\hVv. ldtgpo!

C{Vopw fhi[ndoh CVv MepVhoVv Zbfhp Fcp ss[fw \tdSpIqsSopv Mv

tgdIh\v IdUhpsIdSpt anondohchpp M aVyw \htmdSv T`opfd\dUv.

Cu [hfamhNt\I {Tdhhpv. Nt\Iw ssf[hIcpw I\ydav{VbImpw fhizdah

Impw ip{iqkIcpw andQd\h\ptfh {Tdhhpv. avThchv C Zbahs Iqdovn

Imhgpw IqSdcmhgpw {Td\ @op, ss[fw CSsTp.

Zbfhp Fcp ss[fw \psSIqsSopv Mp \npv N`hodw. tgdIw npepf N`h

oUw Zbfhp toip \psSIqsSopsv. NfhSpv nd{VndUv Idfv Mv, NfhSptv Mdhsopw tn MdfcpsSopw tn NQhIdcfpw ihopnpv Mv IdUhp

sIdSptVv \psS ISnodUv.

C{adto ssa\ys O{Inhd f XhghavVycpw tAdghodv M n\pw

0: [hfaw C{adto cdZdfdo adfqmhs\opw C{adtodscopw josSph. Md[h

fafpw Nf jotdSpndohcpp. \dgvTVdw [hfaw opcwApf [dfb[v M opfdfv

IVv tAdghodhs sfpfhmhtIv ss[fhs azw Z\w jotdSpVdUv. [dfb[v

fhmhptHd[hp, Zbfhp ss[fhs ssa\ys Nftlmhp Cu NTcht[hVs\

fQh-d CfhsS Ocp-nh-t2 tAdgh-od-hs\ t\chSd Tp -s [dfb[v fhmhp T -p,""C{ad-to-gh Fcp ss[f-np-s-v tgdI-sn-d-n-`h-opw. Idfv fdmpw Ip-fpw-sId-

chpsVv Cu Z\VVh n\hgdpw. Cu opw IdfhtVdUv1 NfhSpv \hsm

_mpsS ssIhtghpw'' (> adnp >5;0=,05).

Cv Cu tHd[yw \h FdtcdcpcpsSopw nph _d fovpp. Zbfh-p

Fcp ss[fw \psS IqsS-op-sv tgdI-n-`h-o-t2 tIdSh--U-h\p Z\- ss[f-s-

N`hodfcdoh NIdch Zbfhpp. Cfsc OcpfbsSppw2 ss[fw Mdw sHp

snv Mdfcpw T`opp. ss[fw Mdw sHpndohcpsh NtV ss[fw Mh\pn\pky

\doh NfVchUndohcpp2 Mh\p n\pkys TdT EsSpUndohcpp2 Mh\pVs Tchipddfhs\ n\pkys tn TIp \IUndohcpp2

O[hoh fH\w ss[ftdSpIqsSodohcpp (todl >;>). O[hoh Tchipddfv

ss[f-td-Sp-Iq-sS-od-oh-cp-p. O[h-oh NQh-Id-cfpw ihopw ss[f-td-Sp-Iq-sS-od-oh-cp-

p. Md Cv Vs Tp{V\hgqsS, Tp{Vs \dnh V\hpsVdw ss[fw \npp

\Ih-oh-ch-p-p.

>. ss[fhs fH\w ss[fw n\pky\p \Ih ; ""CVd Ms fH-\- \hs \dfh

_d \ht-Th-hchp-p. Thep-sV-`h-od\pw CSh-p-V-Id\pw \ih-h-d\pw VIhSw n`h-


9/36


d\pw TUhVpod\pw \pfmd\pw tfh ChVd, Z\VImpsSopw cdZympsSopw

tn \hs _d NftcdQhhchpp'' (Zs` >;9,>:).

?. ss[f-hs Tch-ip-d-d-fhs\ ss[fw \npp \Ih ; ""tZd-to {Tfd-H-I

T`VdUhVv; ss[fw Ncpmhspp; Nfad\ [hfamh Mdn\pkycpsSopw tn

Ms Odfhs\ _d fkhpw'' (N ?;>=,>5). TpavVd [h\w npV Vs Od

fhs\ ss[fw fkhpsIdhchpp.

3. ""azhgpw jqnhohgpnp Md NQhIdcfpw M\hv \Ishchpp'' (nd ?6;>6).

toipfh\p Md NQhIdcfpw ihopw Vs TchipddfhgqsS NfhSpv \npv

\Ih. toip V NQhIdcw \h jqnhoh sIpsVdw azhgpw sIshch

pw1 \h jqnhoh Nehp-sVdw az-hgpw Nehs-hchpw (nd >=;>9).

CsVdw \npp \IshchpVpsIdv Idfh \ icdUv. Cu

tgdIs fhQhd\pw jchd\pw Vs TchipddfhgqsS \npv NQhIdcw \Is

hchpp. ss[fih \h {TISndId nqpIdcy \dw sHUw. >. fhizahpI

?. ss[ffH\n\pachv fhipndoh ZbfhpI. 3. \hccw {TdhpfcdIpI.

\psS \dShs\opw Z\sopw jchp NIdctgdIhs OQhTVympw

{TjpVzmpnpv. Nf VIsSUw. NVh\p {Td\ OfiyndUv. fcp O`pndaw

sIdv tIcms \npv ndhn`hd adQhpw. tIcm cdkv{Sbow awipndIUw. CfhsS

fhIa\ @dIUw. NjhfrhopdIUw. tIcmh\v N\pf[hs avndv ahhopw

IdatAdWv npV I\ydIpndchfscop MIvav{Tav ssltfopw tTdgp fgho fhI


10/36

>:CVd \hs N saTvVw-R ?:>3>:CVd \hs N saTvVw-R ?:>3

a\ TVhI \ShgdsSUw.

ancmpw Nldampw Nfad

\hUw. NVh\p Idfhs Icw

C`h {Tfh--Uw. Idfv

{TfhUsnh \dw {Tdh

d Vd`dfUw.

CVp fdohp Njhfy ssf[h

I-tcdSv M\h-sdcp NtT--opv.

\dsm-np-V \h Nh-p

fhip Rghoh avThchv C Zbahs Cu \htodAh\ptfh {Tdhptnd2 \h

n\h {Tdhd nVh. tIcmhs andQd\fpw Njhfrhopw VSsSpp Md

ihIsmopw Cu RghohgqsS Idtf Nv IbevsSptUsn. CVpnd{VndUv \htod

Aw. lr[owsIdp \h alIchptnd2 avThchv C ZbapId \hv M{V tndi

dcdsUhgpw \psS \dShs \ovptfh Idfhs Fcp TptcdlhV M \hg

oh \h CVp sHovVd NVh\p fhgopdohchpw. Cu {Td\ Mpw {Tdhp

fd ss[fhs Tchipddfv Vdsm @Us. Tchip I\yIdn`hohs avt\tld

kvnmndo IcavTi\w \hmpsS tn @dIs. CVp fdohp I\ydav{VbImpw fhizd

ahImpw Cu \htodAh\ptfh {TdhUw. _d @`pVcpp, tIcmh fgho

ndnpdIpw. adds I`p [wkv{Ssm VIpSd ss[fhs ind Icw

C`hfcpI Vs sHpw.

avThchv C Zbahs ZTndg fhfw saTvVwR FpnpV WhawR 3> fsc

Cu \htodAh\pVdohchpw. Idfv T`p, ""tHd[hpfh, \hp gjhpw''

(nd 5;5). \ tHd[hdtg ss[fw VchIopq. tHd[hdf\v gjhh. \psS \dSh

\ptfh \npv tHd[hpfcdIdw. ss[fhs azw \dSv Mv tgdIw tIcms fhmh

ptd \npv, ss[fnv CVv ss[fhs azw \dSdhnddw.

Idfhs Icw {Tfhd, Idfhs ih {TISndd \npv {Tdh

dw. \hccndoh {TdhpfcdIpI. \dw Nhp Fdtcd Rghohgpw Cu \htod

Ah\ptfh {TdhtU. Fdtcd ZTndgsHdptdepw Cu \htodAh\ptfh Tch

ip NtodSv {TdhUw.

CsVdcp jdAyTcbUn, \npv Ihheh ss[fhs @`dUv. Ms Ieh

Idg ZbfhV N\pjf Ms i\dpp. arkvS{TThstn, ThidHpmp

sSopw NipddmpsSopw tn, n\pkycpsS tn, cdkv{SbodcpsSopw TdhImpsSopw

tn, tIdSVhImpsSopw NQhIdchImpsSopw tn, fhfhQmdo ihImpsSopw anql

mpsSopw tn ssIf fhZow M\hp`tIpp. ss[fw \psS Tpv. Fcp anqlw

Ftc \htodAh\ptfh Ftc n\tdsS {Tdhptd NsV{Vtod fgho fhZond

ohchpw \npv t\ShcpI. \ Xgw IdUdsn @`tdsS,

Idfhs [da tSdw aK`ho, HbXv MWh.


11/36

>>CVd \hs N saTvVw-R ?:>3>>CVd \hs N saTvVw-R ?:>3

Fcp fhfdl a[y \SpsIdhchp anow. fhfdlfpw, fhfdlfhcppw

\SpVv fht[idUv. Cyohg. jUcbVhohgpw OHdcd\pkvPd\mhgpw

fmsctos` ndnp fht[ihI. nphch tVdmpsS \dSv. fbv MVv NfcpsSN\p[h\ ZbfhVhs jdAndUv. Ntd Ths IgydU a[yoh fbv Fehp

IqSd\dfd Fcp {TQd\ fhjfw Vsodoh nd`h. fhcph\pf NVhYhImpsS

Mw IqShoVpsIdtd, Ofiyn\pachp fbv tiKchpsfd

VpsIdtd fhcph\hSoh fbp Vbp tTdoh. Igf`d Tch{jdcdoh.

IpSpwR\dYs\tod, \dYtotod Nf fhfcw N`hohp. fbp Vbp

tTdohchpp.

NsVdcp \Spndoh nd`h. Tch{jdcdo Nf azow tHd[hp, C\h Mp

sHpw. fbp VbptTdoh Mv NVhYhI N`hd NVhTcw NTnd\w

av{VbtoM\hpw\h\pw Mv 2tSdw aK- ho


12/36

>?CVd \hs N saTvVw-R ?:>3>?CVd \hs N saTvVw-R ?:>3

nsdh. lr[ow@cpIh Nf otldfsofhmhp Cu IkvSVoh Vsm

aldohtU, Cu NTnd\h \hpw

chtU. NfcpsS {Td\ otldf

opsS IdVpImhsgh.

fhfdlhgpw, fhcphgpw TsSp

pfd Fcp av{VbcVv\w Uhshcpp.

O IpSpwRfpndoh @ RnpVpsIdv

Nf t\cs O jf\hsghohcpp.fbpIdcpsS Tcw Tdhgpw, clayw

T`hgpw Nf Ip. Idcyndo Mtd

VIcd`v @dohchpp. Vs nphgqsS

ISptTdo fbso Nf aqhp

t\dh. Vs adIqVw fbhp

av{Vbso Iv fb FdSh NfcpsS NSp

sgh, av{VbcVv\hs cpssIImhgpw

ThShpsIdv tf[\todsS O N T`p,

fbp VbptTdoh, C\h Mp sHpsnv

N`hoh. sTsv Nf T`p fhknh

t, odlvtf Mshgpw sHpw.

Vs ssIoh ThShhcp fbopsS

ssIfhhv Nf, O a{VbcVv\w, fhcpp

\Sp ldmhtgv ISpsHp. NfcpsS

IpI Osctod Vhcopp. Nf Ip

Vd tVSho O ldmhs Fcp fiv

EVd\pw tTcpsS \Spfhgdoh \hpp.

av{Vb fcpVpIv OmpI feh nd`h. Nf

t\sc Vd tVSho Omhs npThsgh.

NodmpsS npKtp t\dh fhVptgdsS

T`p Nfp fbh. av{VbopsS

tf[\todsSop TcdVh tIVv ndcpndohcph. NfcpsS sTdtdn\Tp{V\dohcpp.

Vs Tp{V\pnd{Vtn Cu {TVhahoh

Mshgpw sHpfd IehopIoppsfv

O av{Vbv N`hodndohcpp.

ndQyfpndoh FdSh f av{Vb

cVv\w nd-cp-nd-oh-cp-h-. Tchip I\yId

n`how Vsodohcpp. Nf ftVd Vs

{ThoTp{V\pw tgdI cI\pndo toip

{IhavVpfhs Tgpw. fgho AdwjbcytdsSopw, NQhIdctdsSopw toip Vs

Nso fhmhp av{Vbto. Nt Mp

fhmhthSv av{Vbto Mp fhmhVp

ncyd[tISt2 Vs Hphgpw \hp

OmpImpsS nph Vs Ap IdUhd

s\fndtUd, azw Nso av{Vbso

Mp fhmhVv2 VmpsS nph \hpVv

toipfhs NodsUv NfhsS \h

p Mdfpw N`hodw. azw Nso

av{Vbto Mp fhmhtd Nfcpw TV`h

tdohchptnd2 toipfhs NSpp \hh

cpVv NfhSps ihkynd Oohcpp.

NfcdIs toipfhs IqsS IqShoh v

fmscIp`p [hfasm Oohcppq.

N{todapw, ihntod\pw, Tbgh

tdapw, \Yd\htogpw toipfhs IqsS


13/36

>3CVd \hs N saTvVw-R ?:>3>3CVd \hs N saTvVw-R ?:>3

IqShohv sf`pw ct cp [hfasm

Oohcpq (todl >3;377>). nqdw

[hfandUv Agbghohsg Id\doh

fhfdlfhcpp \SpVv. V Apcp

M fhHdchf NVpw av\dTI

todlds adysSp tIhdUvNf cp tT N{todapw, ihntod\pw

toipfhs\ N\pAnhVv Vs Nso

av{Vbso Mp fhmhtd Nf Vb

odopw TV`htdohchpw. azw Nv

Rlpnd\w sIdSpdf Mv Nfcpw

Hhhhchptnd2

toipfpw Tchipddfpw

toipfdIs odsVdcp IqagpnhdsV \hpp. \dgvTVh Es` [hfa

p npv fbSpfhptTdohp Vhchp

fcfhgdUv Id\dohsg Cu IydUw.

\dgvTVp cdfpw TIgpw ncpjqnhoh @Tfd

ahgpw {Td\ohgpw Oohcpp.

NVh\p npTdIs tZdd \[hcoh

av\dTIs\ tVShsp. NfhsSsfv

av\dTItodld\h \hpw av\d\sp.

Tchipddfv Ntd toipfhs tn

C`h fp. ""toip Tchipddfv \h`f\doh tZdd\h \hpw nSh. Odfv

Nfs\ ncpjqnhohtgv \ohp. Nf

ThidHh\d Tcbhsv \dgvTVp [hfaw

NfhsS Iehp IqSh. O [hfamh Nf

Fpw jhh'' (gq 0;>?). \dgvTVp

[hfas @Tfdafpw {Td\opw

Iehtd ""toip Odfhs ih

todSp IqSh Agbghohtgv nShtdoh''

(gq 0;>0).

Tchipddfh \h`osf

\dgvTVp [hfas {Td\ohgqsS

Odfh ihsf\doh nd`h. toip

NfhsS \hpw ISpsHVv Agbgh

""Ms` OVvndtf, Idfhs\ fdevpI! Ms` NcwAtn,

NfhSps fhip[vQ\dns TpIevpI'' (ab >:3;>)

Ms tTcv nhW. Ms atld[cTp{V sR tAdnahs jdcy AjhUhodoh= ndaw Iehtd Fdt`k feh Iphs\ Tp`sSpthfp. Iph\v izdtadzda VSw t\chSpIopw cdevH Iehtd nchptTdfpIopw sHovVp. fbpwAjhUhodotd _ Vrq ncho IqSdch fhmhv {Td\daldow NtThp. VXgndoh Iphs\ Eepndaw TqhodIpVpfsc @[ch flhv NVpIehtd Fdt`k\hgqsS Tp`sSpp. fbpw _ IqSdchtgv {Td\daldow Njyhp. Iphs\ ss[fhs N\IdcpUyw apchV\doh fmh.?=?:>3 adnpf M-tT-ch d\av\d\fpw \Sh. ss[fh\p avVpVh.

Ms nIs jdcy [bTd tnch ?::? Ntnchoh MhoVdUv. Fcp tZdghopw

hcndoh gjhhcph. _d Idfht\dSv \hgfhmhv {Tdhp. {Td\d{Aqh {Tdhp. nImpsS OboZbfhVhs fmptfhopw {TdhtVssov {Aqv gbW Fdhhhcpp. NVp{TIdcw Ieh sX{Rpfch npV ZTndgohsg Fcp clayw _d NfcpsS Nbo aphVhptfhopw anhv {Tdhhcpp. E{Thndah Nfv FcptZdgh \Ih ss[fw N\p{Alhp.

ss[fw _p \Iho Md N\p-{A-l-pw Nfh-Sp-tv Tch-ipNohgqsS \hopw avVpVhopw Nhpp. toiptf \h, toiptf avVpVh, toiptf OcdQd\.

nhWd sTtcc, Tw, Vhcpf\Tpcw.

ady


14/36


ohtgdUv. nS -h -f -c -fh OUv Agbghohsg

Id\dohsg fhfdlfhcphtgp toip Uh

shcpVv. toipfh indoh \h`hcp Tchip

ddfdUv toipfhs\ Id\dohtgp \ohVv. Tch

ip-d-d-fh\p sfmhsSd\pw, {Tfhd\pnp

Nfacw ss[fwVs Fcph sIdSpp.

n`hofpw Tchipddfpw

toipfhs N n`hondIs Tchipddfv

\h`fmdohcpp. n`how MtdedUv Tchipd

dfhs\ azbIchsVv ssRRh fhi[ndph.Md \npv n\hgddw. A{Rhto [qV\hgqsS

fH\w azbIchtd [qV n`hotdSp T`hcpp,

""Tchipddfv \hs tn fcpw1 NVypVs ih

\hstn Ofahpw'' (gq >;37). n`how [qVt\dSv

Otn Mp T`td, ""CVd, Idfhs [dah!

\hs fdv Mh \h`tf`s!'' (gq >;36) Mp

T`tds Tchipddfv n`hohs tn

fp. Tchipddfv \hs tn fcpw Mpnd{V-n

[qV T`hcpVv, NVyp

Vs ih \hs tn Of

ahpw Mp IqShodUv T`Vv.

MpsIddUv [qV Ns\

MSpp T`Vv2

toipfhs Idcyhgd

Uhgpw \dw {iht Fcp

Idcyw toip tZd[d\hsfp

av\d\std Tchipdd

fh \h`p MdUv fH\w

T`hchpVv. Md \dgv

TVp [hfas {Td\ Ieh

td toip Odfh ih

sp Mp fH\w T`hch

pp. cp Vgmhgp Od

fhs {Tf\ndUv CfhsS

{TVhTd[hhchpVv. Fv, O[yw

Odfhs\ azbIchpp. cv,

Odfh ihsSpp.

Tchip n`how Otn

T`td Nf Tchipd

dfh \h`p. VpSp

[hfa n`how {Td\ohgqsS ss[ffpndoh Fdoh.

Nfmh NVyp--Vs ih

{TISndoh. NVyp--Vs ih

MVdUv Tchipddfhs

NjhtkIw.

NjhtkIw Mv 2Cv MfhsSopw sTdVpsf

@TtodAhsSp fddUv

""\hs ss[fndo Idfv, fhZow \Ip toddfv \hs ntQy @v '' (saXd 3;>5)

Ms tTcv Oav O NAh. Ms Tdw dav TcbopsS anov_d ncho IqSdchtgv fhmhv {Td\daldow NtThVhs XgndohM\hv 9 N+ @w > N opw Vv ss[fw N\p{Alhp. C{Vopw fgho N\p{Alw \IhoMs Cutidovv Fhch Fhch \h.

Oav O NAh, FVp, Vriq

ady


15/36


NjhtkIw MVv. Tchipddfhs

NjhtkIsIp`hv Md-fcpw {Taw-Ah-p-

p. NjhtkIh\ptfh {Tdhpp.

fdavVfh MdUv NjhtkIw2

\h`pIfhsdepIp NfodUv

NjhtkIw MVv. Fcpfs VgohMtod, ssVgtnd, NjhtkIw sHpI

Md FehsSp Mtod, ssVgtnd,

Nfs Vg npepf \\p IpVh

Vh\ptikw Vgoh \hpw FepIpfd

VpSpw. FehpsIdSppwtVd`pw NsVdepIh

sIdhchpw.

Tchipddfv Fcpf\h \h`p

IfhsdepIp NfodUv NjhtkIw.

toip Tòpp, Mh fhizahpfs

lr[oh \hpw ZbfZghs Ncp-fh-

I FepIpw (todl 5;36). O[ytn lr[oh

\hòsSUw. \h`p Iehd Ifhsd

epId VpSpw. NVdUv NjhtkIw. Mh

\hòpVv M\hpVv, \h`p IfhopVv

npfpVv. Tchipddfdfhs\ azbI

ch--f-ch Mdw Tch-ip-d-dfv @v. Fcp

t\cho \\fptTdsg NVp lr[ohsNShh nd{Vndohchdw. Nf\h

NjhtkInh. Md \hccndo {Td

\ohgqsSopw, fhg sIdSpghgqsSopw

Nf\h Tchipddfv \hòUw, \h`p

IfhoUw. NfhsS nd{Vtn NjhtkIndIp

pq.

toipfh \h`p IfhVv np

fp auKyfpw, fhSpVgpw, copndoh

nd`h. {TfdHIchgpw \h`p IfhVdUvNjhtkIw. NtdavtVdgndchgpw Tchip

ddfv \h`p IfhsdepIh. n`hoh

\hpw Tp`s NVyp--Vs ihodUv

n`hohs NjhtkIw. n`how \h`p

IfhhcpVpsIddUv MghaRhs\

Njhfd[yw sHvVtd n`hoh \hpw

Tp`s Tchipddfhs ih MghaR

hs\ NjhtkIw sHovVVv. MghaR

hs @[-c-ih-ip-fdo todld\htgp

ISp sHv todlds\ IpVhpHdShVv

n`hoh \hpw Tp`s Tchipdd

fhs ihodUv. ldtggp.

NopsS @[ch fpVs

Nf Tchipddfh\d \hòpw (gq

>;>7) M A{Rhto {TfH\w TqbIch

sVv Tchip I\yIdn`hohgqsS

odUv. todl-d Egh-od-opsS ih

azbIchf\dUv. Cu ih todl-d\v gjhVpw n`hohgq-sS. n`how NVyp--Vs

ihopsS Md TqVImpw VhIfmd

ohcpp.

n`hofpw toipfpw cptTcpw Tchip

ddfhs ihopfcdodUv Agbgh

ohsg Id\doh fhfdlfhcph Ts-Sp-

d fVv. fbp VbptTdoh Mv

n`how N`h \hnhkw n`hoh fah


16/36

>=CVd \hs N saTvVw-R ?:>3>=CVd \hs N saTvVw-R ?:>3

Tchipddfv @Up. Odfv n`hos

toipfhs anbTtv \ohp. n`how

toipfht\dSv Nfp fbh Mp

Tòpp. toip n`hos av{Vbto Mv

fhmhpp. av{Vbto Mp NVhAdwjbcy

tn`ho fhmh Tp`sVv fdavVfhtoipfh \h. toipfh \h`hcp

TchipddfdUv n`hos av{Vbso Mp

fhmhVv. NVbfatdktdsS fgho

VdgvTcytdsSodUv toipfhsg

Tchipddfv n`hos av{Vbso Mp

fhmhVv. IdcUw Tchipddfv N`hh

cpp n`hohgqsS Ctd toip NpVw

{Tfhpsnv. n`hos av{Vbso Mv

NQhIdctdsS fhmhVv toipfhsg

TchipddfdUv. toip Vsopw Tòpp

""_d \htmdSv Tòp fdpI aztn

Qod TòpV1 {TVypV, Mh fah

p ThVdfv Vs {TfhI sHp-I-

odUv (todl >0;>:). toipfh \hpw Tp`

sVv ThVdfhs fdpI. toip sHovVVvThVdfhs {TfrhI.

n`hos av{Vbso Mp fhmh

toip T`p ""M\hpw \h\pw Mv2

Ms anow C\hopw Oohh'' (todl ?;0).

fdavVfh n`hos nlVzsSp

pfd\pw @opfd\pndUv toipfhgqsS

Thcpipddfv N{TIdcw T`Vv.

toipfh\p Zw sIdSp n`hos IqSdsVtoipfhs ZbfhVh Fpw awjfh

cpsVp ThVdfh\p \honpdohcpp.

Vs anow C\hopw Oohh Mv toip

T`td n`hohs OdfpUp.

n`hohs Tchipddfv toipfhs\

sdv NpVw sHhpf\doh nd`h.

n`how TchHdcItcdSp T`p ""Nf \h

tmdSp TòpVp sHpfh'' (todl ?;7).

MpsIddUv n`how TchHdcItcdSv T`Vv2 fbpIdtcdSt T`toh

ohcpVv2 n`hoh fah Tchipd

dfdUv n`hohgqsS awadchVv. @S

toip Tchipddfh t{TchV\doh TchHd

cItcdSv T`p, jcUhImh sfw \h`p

fh (todl ?;5). n`how TchHdcItcdSv toip

\htihpVptTdsg sHpfh Mp

T`p. toip TchHdcItcdSv sfw \h`p

fd T`p. cp tTchgpw fah Ftc

Tchipddfhs fbcy {Tfh Oohcp

Vv. ldtgp.

""Nf \htmdSp TòpVp sHp

fh'' Mv n`how T`td n`hoh

\hpw Tp`sVv Tchipddfhs ih

Oohcpp. O fdpI tI toip Od

fh @Uf\doh nd`h. n`hohs fdp

I MghaRhs\ @UhoVptTdsg,

""\hmpsS ss[fndo Idfh\p t\I

t\cpIopw Nf\h`tfp IopwsHpfh1

Hppnpf jbVh[\do NfhSptp IdevHI

sIdpfcs'' (ab 5=;>>).

Ms tTcv Ip tZda-Xv.

Ms sIdp-n-I-\p-tf-h-odUv _dadysSppVv. Nf >:dw dah

TPh-p-td TP-\-h\v fmsc Thtd-

ndohcpp. Fpw TPhd adQhph

spw TPh-d Cch-p-td Vs

@`w fcppsfpndUv Nf T`h

cpVv. _d Nf\ptfh ndVdfht\dSv

nQyw odHhp {Tdh-p. Nfs

fhZow CVd-\hs N ndah-I-oh

ady-s-Sp-p-fd O{A-lh-p-sIdv{Tdhhcpp. NVhs Xgndoh Nf\v

@UtdsS \doh TPhpfd\pw fhZ-

oh -p-fd\pnp N\p-{Alw Cutid

\Ih. NfhSps IcpUovv Oohcnd

ohcw \h. toiptf avVpVh. Tch-ip

Nt \h.

Ip tZdaXv, tVh.

ady


17/36


todlds\ EghodopsS ihod \h`

f\dhoVptTdsg toipfhs Od

fhs\ Nhod @Uh. VUw

toip T`p, jcUhImh sfw \h`p

fh. ldtgp.

toipfhs\sdv O[ys Np

Vw {Tfhhf n`hondUv. NVhgqsS

ThVdfdo ss[fw Vs {Tho Tp{Vhso @o

pIopw, nlVzsSppIopndUv sHovVVv.

ldtgp.

av{Vb

MpsIddUv n`hos av{Vbso

Mp fhmhVv2 NVv tgdItdSp ss[f

hs sfmhsSpgdohcpp. cp{Td

fiyndUv toip n`hos av{Vbso Mp

fhmhVv. toip ss[fndUv. n`how NfhSp

s NodUv. NVhgpTch n`how NfhSp

tv av{Vb Oohcpp. Id\dohsg

fhfdl fhcphgpw, Ipchihsg Vs ncU

t\cpndUv toip n`hos av{Vbso

Mp fhmhVv. Cu cp {Tdfiyfpw cp

nld awjfmpsS nQyhgdUv toip

Ns\ fhmhVv. Fcp fgho clayhs

n`\bgdohcpp NVv. Cf av{VbodUv,

fdAv[d\w sHs av{Vb. Cu aVyndUv

toip fhmhp T`Vv.

MdUv fdAv[d\w sHs av{Vb

MVv2 O[ys av{Vb l TdTw sHovV

td Nf ss[ftdSp T`p ""aw

Ms fhp'' (@T 3;>3). Ntd ss[fw

atdSp T`p \bopw av{VbopwVhgpw \hs aVhopw NfmpsS a

Vhopw Vhgpw _d i{VpV @mfdpw.

Nf \hs Vg VIpw (@T 3;>7, g

b Tchjdk). O[ys av{Vbso fh

atdSp {TVhIdcw sHd, Nfs

Vg VId ss[fw nsdcp av{Vbso

fdAv[d\w sHovVp. cdns av{VbodUv

n`how. NfmdUp adds Vg VIp

Vv. TpcdV\ afpw av{Vbopw Vhgp

tTdcdndUv sfmhTdSv >? fhfchpVv.

NVv n`hondUv. n`hohgqsS adds

ih Tqndopw \ihhsSpw. Nf

NosfmdUv. azh \hpw No

sf. ss[fhs d\w ndwaw

Qchsf, NVdUv n`how.

ss[f TVhopsS FuVyfpw Tq

Vopsndw av{Vboh \hhTvVndohchpp.

NVh\d toip n`hos fhmhp ""av{Vbto''.

NVv Nftlm\hs azcn, Vhcavch

ghs iRv[n, NTnd\hs iRv[fpn.

NwAbIdchsopw, NQhIdchtopw

ihopsSopw iRv[ndohcpp. ld n`hotn,

\b a{VbodIpp1 Nosf, fdAv[d\w

sHsf. \b ihopw NQhIdcfpw Qch

hchpp. azAhgpw, jqnhohgpw, TdVdmhgpw \hs NQhIdcfpw, OQhTVyfpw

\h`p \hpp. @Vmh _d

fahp1 tnLqUhgdohcpp Ms ahwld

a\w. _d V\hso OIdih\p {T[Uw

sfpIopw, TdVdmhs Oemh ach

pIopw sHovVp. Oehohsg NgImhgpw, @ueh

ohgpw Md Z\VImhgpw cdZymhgpw M\hv

OQhTVyw gjhp. ({Tjd ?0;0=).


18/36


Ms Iphdgv _mpsS {Adnh Md

i\hodevHImhgpw jh odHhv fhcp Fcp Nq

@dohcpp. np Tg jhdcpw i\hodevHImhgpw n``p

[hfamhgpw fhcpshgpw Cu Nqs\ NfhsS

Mdfpw Fhch CkvSndohcpp. Cu jhdcs\

_smdfcpw i\hode vH Nq MdUv

fhmhhcpVv. {Tdotj[snt\y _mpsS \dhsg Md

fpw i\h-odevH Nq--t\dSv fgho avt\lfpw

VdgvTcyfpndohcpp. np jhd fcptd IphI

jov fbSh\Iv Fmhhchptd i\hodevH Nq

fcpVv Nfv Fhch atdkndUv. EsVhgpw

i\hodevHImh Nq fhsh Mdfpw

fgho fhknndUv. Nodcpw \dpIdcpw TcavTcw

tHd[hpw i\hodevH Nq Cv fhssov.

NSp i\hodevH Mdfcpw Nqt\dSv VhcpwIeh OevH Mv Thsov.

Nt\Ifk ISv tTdoh. Fcp i\hodevH

Nq fh. NSp i\hodevHopw Ih.

Nqs Njdfw \dhsgdw awadcfhkondoh.

Nqs\ Nt\zkhv Hhgscdw Nqs \dhtgv

tTdoh. Ip`v [hfaw npv Nq nchptTdoVdoh

NfhsS \hpw N`hopfd\doh. _mpsS \dhsg

Mdfcpw {TtVyIhv IphI fgho [p;KtdsSodUvCu fd azbIchVv. cv TVhdpIv tikw

{TIdind


19/36


i\hodevH Nqs\ Fdp Ipt`t Cpw

_mpsS \dhgpv.

sf`psndcp jhdc\dohcp i\hodevH

Nqs\ Z\ C{V Iv avt\lhhcpVh\v

Ftcsodcp IdcUw Ntlhgpdohcp \I

nd{VndUv. Ntlhs adnbTyw Mdfpwatdkfpw Oizdafpw \gvIpVdohcpp. jhv

fcptd Fdtcd fbShs\opw fbpIdtcopw Ntlw

N\p{Alhv {Tdhpw. ss[fw N\p{Alhpw,

n TPhv nhSpcdIpw, tcdAw tfAw apKw

{TdThpw, \doh fcpw Msds Oiwahpw.

ssTa Ihhohshgpw Fcp TcdVhopnh.

\psS ZbfhVsm \npsdv TchtidQhdw.

npfv Fcp N\p{AlndtUd \psS ZbfhVw2\psS adhQyw Nfv atdkfpw andQd\fpw

Oizdafpw \gvIpptd2 \psS adnbTyh\v

tfh Nf O{Alhpptd2 sf`psndcp

jhdcs adnbTyw Vs Ipnppfchtgv

O\w TIpsfh, ss[fs N`hfcpw

ss[fcdZyhs ip{iqkIcpndo \psS ZbfhVw

\psS Hppnpfv M{V Iv atdkw

\gvIppv2

s ZbfhVwtZdkh Tdch


20/36

?:CVd \hs N saTvVw-R ?:>3?:CVd \hs N saTvVw-R ?:>3

Cu tgdIs {TIdihht

fcdUv \dtndtcdcpcpw. toipfdIp

{TIdih Hchp \psS ZbfhV

npfcpsS ZbfhVhtgv sfmhw

fbtiVdUv. toip fbpw NftcdSv

T`p ""_d tgdIhs {TIdindUv.

Ms N\pAnhpf Fchgpw

NIdch \SpIoh. Nf\v Zbfs

{TIdinpdohchpw'' (todl 6;>?). toip

tgdIhs {TIdindUv. \psS Zbfh

Vhs sfmhndUv. ""Nf\h Zbf\pd

ohcpp. O Zbf n\pkycpsS sfmhndoh

cpp. O sfmhw Ccpmh {TIdihpp1

NVhs\ IbeSd Ccpmh\v Iehh''(todl >;0- 7). toipfhs\ N\pAnhp \dw

NIdchg n`hv {TIdihgdUv.

toiptfdsSdp \psS ZbfhVh

NIdch\v \hg\hgvpI adQyn.

\npv Hppnp NIdcs ndpfd

\hsg {TIdih\v adQhUw. toip

T`opp, ""\h tgdIhs {TIdindUv.

ngnpImh TUhVpoho TUs n`vfovpI adQyn. fhmv sIdmph Ocpw

T`opsS Ibeh sfovd`h. TbPhtgdUv

sfovpI. Ntd NVv jf\hgp

Mdfpw {TIdiw \hIpp. N{TIdcw,

n\pky \hmpsS aVv{TfhI Iv,

az\do \hmpsS ThVdfhs\ nlVz

sSptVh\v \hmpsS sfmhw NfcpsS

nph {TIdihs'' (nd 7;>0->=).

ss[fhIZbf\do {TIdihs

TpThofcdUv \dw. O sfmhh Hch

p \dw Ccp \h` Nt\IcpsS ZbfhV

htgv Fcp Vhchsfndoh ISv sHUw.

avt\lhtopw taf\htopw t{Tkh

Vcdoh {TVydiopsSopw {TVbopsSopw

adz\htopw IhcUmd NTcs

ZbfhVs \dw {TIdihhUw. toip

fdIp Zbfs sfmhs NfcpsS ZbfhV

htgv \dw TIv sIdSpUw. tgdI

dgpw tgdIhgpfodgpw \ohs

Sptd \psS fehoh Ccpv fydThpw.

Nhs\ NIdcw \h` fehohgqsSHchd Mhs\ Fcpf\v npfcpsS

sfmhndIpfd adQhpw2 IpcpS\v IpcpSs\

\ohpI [pkvIcnt2 toipfhs {TIdi

ndUv \s \ohtVv. TI aqcy\doh

chpIoh C\h \h\v {TIdiw VchI1

\h\v {TIdiw \Id cd{Vhoh H{\d

ohchpIoh {TtidjhpVv. Idfd

ohchpw \hs \hVyndo {TIdiw1 \hs


21/36

?>CVd \hs N saTvVw-R ?:>3?>CVd \hs N saTvVw-R ?:>3

ss[fndohchpw \hs nlVzw (Ei =:;>9).

toipfdIp oYd{TIdih

\ohsSpf Cu tgdIh\v N\pcqT

cdohchpIoh. Nt\Iv Nf

N\p{Alfpw Oizdafpndohchpw. ss[fcdZyhs fmv Nf Fcp npVqd

ohchpw. fhizda sfmhhs fdlI

cdfd Nfv adQhpw. Nt\Idoh

csm NIdch \hv {TVydi

opsSopw fhizdahtopw sfmhhtgv

\oh n[sVtcaso sfmhhs

ny sodUv {Xdabav ndTd

fhizdahs sfmhsn Vs O[y

Hd{IhI tgK\h fhtikhhVv .

NIdcs HhV`hpV Ccpmh HpfSv

sfd aldohpVpw fehoh

VpUodfpVpndUv fhidasnpw Td

IqhtHp.

fhsa v Wh tTd sadssahopsS

dTI\do fdevs {XW`hIv Fdad

\dnhs ?:: dw Z[h\w Cu fkw OtAdm

aj OtLdkhpIodUv. >6>3 Z\hFdad\w Vs ?:dw foh IdcpUy

{TfrhI OcwjhpIopw {Xdah

[pchVfpw [dch{[yfpw N\pjfhhcp

Nt\Idohcv VpUodfpIopw sHovVp.

>6: fk ThhSptd sa.fhsa v

Wh tTd awLS\ Cv tgdIw npepf\hgpw

ZdVhnVtj[nt\y Mdfpw VUgdoh

nd`hsoh NVv Fdad\dsn fyh

ohgqsS {Tach {TIdidgt.

\psS \ {TfrhImdUv atld

[cs ZbfhVs {TIdihhpI. Md

\dw Zbfhp tgdIw TdTw \h`

""Ms` cdZdfpw ss[ffpndo ssa\ympsS Idtf, IpchIhIvkh Fcp atVfpw nbfIvkh

Iph\v Fcp IqSpw NopsS RghTbPh Isppftd'' (ab 60;3)

ss[f-h\v Nad-Qy-nd-oh-sd-p-nh M Vhcp-sf-epv Ms IpSpwRh

N\zndoh. Ms tTcv tnch. Ms nIs fh[yjydah\v Fhch VSmpd

ohcpp. Mh\bo`hwAv cdw fkw TPhptd npV TgVchgpnp VS

IpVpSh. IdSIoh TPhp nI cpfkw tVdptTdohcpp. cdw

fks fhkow TgVfUsoepVhsohgpw fhZohd\doh. FSpfh Ndw fk

ndotd C\hopw O fhkow tVdpIodsUh tIdevav FehfdpIodsUv

Nf T`p. I avThchv C Zbav Iqdovnohgp Iuahtgevahs\ fhfcw

N`hohVhs\VpSv fbh fv {Td\ \SpIopw bfdgyptfk\h O fhkow

ZohpIopw sHovVp.=dw fkw ssX\ Co TPhptd VbvUndoh {TdhpsIdhcp

p. nqdw fks cpfhkofpw tVdVv TPhthohcpp. Cu fhkosmdw

O[yHdah Vs fhZohpVh\pw CVd \hs N ndahIoh adysSp

pVh\pw {Tdhhcpp. ncho IqSdchgpw {Td\daldow Ofiysh

cpp. `hav ftd Mdfhkomhgpw Tddohcpp. {VhtoI ss[fh\pw

Tchip Novv Fcdohcw \hopw avVpVhopw Nhpp.

tnch tZdaXv, IqSdv, IgvT.

ady


22/36

??CVd \hs N saTvVw-R ?:>3??CVd \hs N saTvVw-R ?:>3

VdIod NVv {TIditd NQhIndoh

NIdcs avt\lhpp. tgdIhs

azdQb\w \hsg ss[fhI Zbfs {TId

ih\v ntggvThpp. Nhs\ ss[fw

O{Alhp Xg Tp`sSpfhpfdTgtdepw \npv adQhph. {TIdi

hs nsmtdsg fhpfh.

{TIdihs Xgw aIg \ohgpw \bVh

ohgpw aVyhgpndUv {TVysSpVv.

Idfh\v {Tad[Icndohpf Msv

fhtfHh`hopfh (MtX 7;9>:). azdV

\h` {TfrhI nqgw NTcs ZbfhV

hsg sfmhw \kvSsSppIodUv sHp

Vv. azw \pnd{Vw @VIp nt\djdf

sfvTpgptd Mhs\ np

fv OizdandIpfd \npv Iehopw2

npfcpndop \psS Rh

azd VdVvTcy \s jchd N\p

f[hcpVv. fyhRmh azdV

nqgw fbevH Thohpsh NVv Vhcpp

fd\pw NVv feh Ccp \h` atld[cs

ZbfhVhtgv {TIdisnhpfd\pw

\npv RdQyVopv. Md Vs {Tfr

hI ichsov fhizahptd np`htf

n\hs\ Vs adhyw sIdv Mhs\

{TIdihhpfd adQhpw2 lr[o

IdPh\yw \hnhw NV RdQh Nf

Rphoh NIdcw \h`v ss[fhs

Zbf\h \hv NIshchpp (MtX

0;>6).

TdThtopw [pchVmpsSopw

CcphgIsv Iehopfv nph Fcp

\p`ppsfndIUw \psS ZbfhV.

IpSpwRdwApw Nodpw

Iqdovnohgpfpw _d Fcp sfmh

ndtUd2 NfhsS \ohtgpw atdk


23/36

?3CVd \hs N saTvVw-R ?:>3?3CVd \hs N saTvVw-R ?:>3

htgpw \ohp Fcp fehIdhodId

M\hv adQhpptd2 Tpqhsg

@htoipfhtgv OhSondv feh

IdUh \{Vstdsg \hcdi \h`

ZbfhVsm toipfdIp {TVydiohtgv

\ohp, Ccphgpw Vhmp Fcp

\{VndIpfd M\hv adQhpptd2

IdcdArlhgdohcp Tt{Vdah\ch

Ihtgv Idfhs [qV ISv ftd

NfhSw npepf {TIdiw \h`Vdoh

fH\h \dw IdUpp (N >?;5).

ss[fhs adhyw ISv fcptd

{TIdiw @dIpVdoh np Tg

fH\jdAmhgpw \dw fdohppv.

ss[fhs {TIdiw fkhp \psS

adhQyw Fcpf\v atdkw \gvIph

sh \hsg {TIdih\v V

tnhchpp Mw. \s IdUpf

\hsg ss[fhI{TIdis Vhch`hoUw.

Tt{Vdahs\ IcdArlh \hpw tndHhh

VptTdsg \psS adhyw Fcpfs\

NIdch \hpw tndHhhUw.

cd{Vh Iehod`doh1 TI anbThhchpp.

OIod, \npv N\vQIdchs` {Tfrh

I TchVyZhv {TIdihs` OopQ

Qchdw (t`dn >3;>?).

{TIdis @[ch flhv

tgdIh\v \gvIho Tchip NopsS

adhyw MghaRh\pw @[cihipfh\pw,

Id\dohsg fhfdlIpSpwRh\pw salh

tod ndmhIohgdohcp ihkyndpw

N\p{AlndoVptTdsg \psS adh

ywsIdv npf N\p{AlhsSpfd

V {TIdid \s \h`ovUtnsov

{Tdhdw. Tchipddfv \h

\h`os. Tchip Nt ndVdtf, _v

tfh {TdhUtn.

Ot.

nh`-hav C t`da`hsSgh-fh-k t{Td{Ad-np-I

SW_YN P] * VhmdevHImh cdfhsg =.3: npV 5.:: fsc

KNIFIH@ P] * i\hodevHImh cdfhsg =.3: npV 5.:: fsc

AG_NLN ]ISIBH * [hfafpw cdfhsg 5.:: npV 5.3: fsc

DG@IN HGP NSh-ndgh * [hfafpw cdfhsg 5.:: npV 5.3: fscSWH ]ISIBH nqd * [hfafpw ssfIhv 5.3: npV 6.:: fsc

DN_NYW_ P] n-`-oq * [hfafpw ssfIhv 5.3: npV 6.:: fsc

].O.C sVdSp-Tpe * [hfafpw cdfhsg 5.:: npV 5.3: fsc

UIHHG_ SNP CNOLGIp`pwV` * [hfafpw ssfIhv 9.:: npV 9.3: fsc

NI_ ]ISIBH ndsfw * [hfafpw ssfIhv 6.3: npV 9.:: fsc

H.D.P.] \bgAhch * sfh,i\h,_do ssfIhv =.:: =.3: fsc


24/36


" "odtdtR, \hs arkvShpIopw C{adtotg, \hs cqTsSppIopw sHovV Idfv

Ncpmhspp1 jostSd, _d \hs cIvkhhchpp1 \hs tTcpsHdh fhmhhchpp. \b

Mt`VdUv. anp{[hgqsS ISptTdIptd _d \htdSpIqsSopdohchpw. \[hI ISptd

NVp \hs nphmopIoh. NAv\hohgqsS \Sdgpw \h\p sTdtgpIoh1 Zzdg \hs

[lhhpIopnh. _d \hs` ss[fndo Idfpw cIvkI\pw C{adtoghs` Tchip[vQ\pndUv '' (Ei03;>3)

Ms tTcv A{Rhto. _d Fcp sInh Sd Igh tZdghsHovVp fchIodohcpp. ?:>3 E{Th O[y OevHoh Ms Wyqhanow cd{Vh >:.3: \v Ighssnoh Mh\Iv VbThShVdoh tRdQyw M\hv N\pjfsp. Igh @doh

cp Hcv (IdtAd) \dXvV M fmsc sTsv Vb ThShpVpw fdopfh tfAwRdkvTndoh nd`pVpndo sInh Oohcpp.

CSVps\ht\dSp sHpmm tTdh Mtdepw aqhp ZTndgoh ThShvtSdw {R[, IdV`h ah, avThchv C Zbahs Md IqSdcmpw, _d Iqdovn

oh Ipnpho MdftcdSpw tHv {Tdhpp, ndVdtf, NfhSpv EsSpUtn, CutidopsS Tchipddtf aldohU-tn, ihs-SpUtn Mv {Tdhv,avVpVhpsIdhcpp. @Ss\Vs Ighs nds`opw, HbXv Mh\bos`opw fhfcwN`h-oh-p. I-ghs tfAw Ip`v, Mh-\h \hpw Vb TS-cd-Vh-ch-p--Vh\p tf

\hti \Ih1 XoTv, VboUovpVh\p adn{AhI, Xv MovWv adQ\ Mdw {InbIchp1 MdhgpnpTchodoh Ocpw Tch{jnhdVhchpfd\pw, ssQcyndoh, Fdtcdpw IrVyndoh sHpVh\ptfpVdo Mdw Fdtcd ajn\pachv

Idfv M\hv tRdQyw VpsIdhcpp. 97 Wh{Ah HqSh slfh Fdoh C\h \hpw MZh HqSp {InbIchv Wbaghtgpndh, EIt[iw FcnUhq an

otdmw fbpw MZh {Tfhp. Cu anomh Mdw MZh `qnh \hpw"\dXvV' \h`hcp jdAtv Vbsdch TScdVhchpfd I dXv {inhpsIdhcpp. Mh VbThShv EIt[iw ?: nh\hv anotdmw Mhs Rdlyndo jdAvVbopsS odsVdcp gUfpw {TISndIdVhcpVh\d IydT\pw, HbXv MZh\bo`pw

NVv N{V Aucfndoh IcpVhoh. Md {ItnU T\h`hgp sToh v Ichv,TpI @ocpfd VpShotd Ncdh Nfscdfcpw Vs josp. Md

fmsc NSppw HhtodSpw IqSh, MdfhQ "taXvSh'todSpIqSh N{Vopw jod\IndIdndohcp O awjfs fmsc idVtodSpIqSh t\chSpfd\pw, Mdfscopw Iqdoh an\zohhpfd\pw FSpfh Mh tdv sHovVv Ofiyndo snoh\av Mdw sHovVv

EIt[iw O`pnUhq anow sIdv fbpw NtV Mh dv sHovVv gyd

\tv od{V Tp`sSpfd\pw toipfhs Tchipddfv _ Mdfscopw aldoh-p. Vb ThSh Mh\v Idcy-ndo tISp-TdSv awj-fh-h-cp-h-. odsVd-cdpw sH`h-

sodcp tTd`tTdgpw awjfhdsV Idfdo Cutid awchp.

Mdw idndotd fmsc OIdwtodsS ab\ho FdXbtaevav MtdSv

tHd[hp, Ms\odUv C{Vopw IrVyndoh Mh\Iv VbThShpsf Idcyw M\hpnd\hgdoVv Mv. Ms Iephsg ZTndgopw {IqihV cqTfpw _d Nfsc IdhsIdSppsIdp T`p, Ms Cutidopw Tchip NopndUv M\hv CVp sfmh

sSphoVv. Otf ncho.. Cutidso \h, ThVdtf \h, Tchipddtf \h.

A{Rhto, tTcdnwAgw, Vriq.

adyw


25/36


>70? SavI-\hoh tndtTpahodt\d

M {Tt[iv Fcp Ipgb\ IpSpwRh t`dRv

sRdnh Z\h-p. j\pw an-\p-ndo

opfdfp gs sZayqptIdtmZh {TdYnhI

fh[y Njy-ah--tikw t`dn-oh Cutidajds\dfbkyh tHp. OtcdAyw tndindohcpp.

VVzidav{V TP\w Iehv Ntlw Xvtmdsàhgpw tndsòdghgpw Td[pfd

ohgpw Nfad\w gpsfoh\hgpw TPhp. gpsfoh\h fh[ydhodohchptd

TdkUvWVIsVhcdoh {TawAhd Ntlw \htodAhsp. fh. tVdnv

NIzh\dhs VVz anndoh fh\htodAhp. {Tad[fcw, azV{n\v,

tT NQhIdcw Mhfso awRh TdkUvWVIsmdw Nlw an

ndoh t\ch-p. Cu fd[-{T-Vh-fd-[--mh-gp-do fhZow Tch-A-Uhp >3dw {AhtAd-`h-

todap ndTdd Ntls t`dnoh ss[fidav{V fhfd[ nUvWgh \ho

nhp. ThbSv Ntlw NfhsS sÌvS`doh. NdgdUv Ntgdkyav sAdad

tAdopsS OTchTdg\w EsSpVv.

t`dn tIdtm-Zh Vdn-ah >> sId-h-S-ovdUp Ntlw V-

(@isputntibhs) M {Tah--{Aw cHh--Vv. Ntlw Mep-Vho tft[d-T-

t[iw \hcfQh jdkImhtgp fhf\w sHshpv. Cpw NVv Cghoh

TdPTpavVIndUv. >799 Ntls Ih\dmdoh @oh. {TavVpV aj

h Mdw np ndTdd Njh{TdosVp Ntlh\p Vpgy\doh tfs`dcp

ss[fidav{V\hsdUv. NtV ndd Ntls Idpfdohsg Op

Rh-k-doh Njh-tk-Hh-p.IdWh\ sRdnh Vs VtTdZbfhVw t`dnoh VpSp. [ch{[sc

OfpwfhQw aldohpsIdhcpp. Nfad\ Idgv Nlw fhd fdo

\idgopsS ssgt{R`ho\pw ndTdopsS @Tt[kvSdfpndoh. ncUIg (Pfg Nrt

bm @yihe) M Ntlhs {Aw fhi[ndpVptTdsg Ntlw a[d nch

d Vd`dohcpp. 6:dns foh fhiphopsS {TacUtdsS Id

fh Ntlw \h{[{TdThp. >93: sRdnhs\ fhips\pw Thtfkw, tf[

TdcwAVs\pw >>dw Tboqap nddd {TKydThp.

N\p-[h-\-fh-ip-

fh. t`dRv sRdnh(>70? >=?>)sn{Vd, tf[TdcwAV


26/36

?=CVd \hs N saTvVw-R ?:>3?=CVd \hs N saTvVw-R ?:>3

""Fcp TpVho lr[ow \hp _d \Ipw1

Fcp TpVpssHV\yw \hmh _d \hIvtkThpw'' (Msa 3=;?=).

azhsg Ms ss[fw fdevsSs. Ms tTcv saRdavy. tIdow

Zhoh TdgdovSpv Vbtdoh Mv gv Vdnahpp. Ms ss[fw

Ms ZbfhVh sHdch IcpUopw avt\lfpw IrTopw \hbnndUv. _d

EIt[iw >7 fkndoh Tg Qyd\mhgpw {Td\ohgpw TsSphpv. tIcm

hsg nh Qyd\-tI{-mhgpw _d Qyd\w IqSh-oh-p-v. Ms {akvSd-fdo

ss[fs N`hopIopw N\pjfhpIopw sHUw MpVv Ms fgho [dlfpw

O{Alfpndohcpp. Md CfhsSsodpw NVhs TqVopw ss[fd\pjffpw

M\hv gjhhcph. Ns\ ?::= Fcp [hfaw Fcp aplrpfeh "CVd \hs

N' M ndahI Ihpfd CSodoh. O ndahI fdohd VpShotd FcpObod\pjffpw Fcp {TtVyI NjhtkIfpw N\pjfsp. Fdtcd tTZpw fdohp

tdepw fghsodcp NjhtkIw \h`opVdoh N\pjfspVpSh. ThbSv avThchv

C Zbav M Cu IqdovnsoTh ncho IqSdch \hpw IqSpVgdoh N`h

opfd Iehp.

?::= Tdgdoh fv \Ss nqp[hfas Isfk\v TsSpp

fd ss[fw IcpU sHdch-p. tSdw{R-[-`h-gqsSopw IdV-`b ah-`h-gq-sSopw

Nt\Iw ss[fbI tRdQy gjhp. NVhs\pSv Tdgdohsg avThchv C

Zbav Iqdovnoh Md OevHohgpw TsSppfd\pw Iqdovn \Sp Qyd\mhgpw nh`hav C t`da`h Isfk\hgpw TsSppfd\pw ss[fw Nf

acw \Ih N\p{Alhp. Fdtcd ip{iqk IqSptdepw _mpsS IpSpwRhgpw

ZbfhVhgpw fgho nd awjfhpfd VpSh. Fdtcd Qyd\h TsSp

ptdepw Nt\Iw VhImpw Vet[dkmpw Vgnp`Imdoh ISpf Tqid

Tmpw TdTmpw MSppndsSpVdoh N\pjfsp.

?::9 Ipnh-mh-oh fp-\-S-ho Fcp Qyd\-h \dgdw [hfaw fydedevH >>

nUhnpV ? nUhfsc Tp{TndUmpsS gwL\sh fhipIpd\ Ocd

Q\-p-f-p-sIdv Rlp-nd-\-s tSdw{R-[-`hs Oe-ndo dpdohcpp. Cudv tIpsIdhchptd Ms ZbfhVhsg Efpw fgho NpVw \Sp.

Ms NVhIPh\ndo lr[os Cutid \p`ppfd VpSh. icbcw fhov

Ipmhpfd VpSh. Ms IhIqSh ZgQdctTdsg Ip\b FepIh. EIt[iw

nqp-n-Uh-q an-ow Ms lr[ow Eh Eh Ic-p-sId-h-cp-p. dpw

OcdQ\opw Iehtd Ms TdTfpw jdcfpw Mh \hv Ms Cutid

Tq-ndoh MSp-p-nd-h. fgho O\-fpw atd-kfpw and-Qd-\fpw N\p-j-fh-

adyw


27/36


d Iehp. Tht[hfaw Ipadch\v Ms Md TdTmpw fgho Ib

tcdSpw fhgdTtdSpw IqSh _d Rlpnd\s ssf[hIt\dSv EpT`p. Ms

Md TdTmpw CutidtodSdUv EpT`Vv. npepf TdTmpw Cutid OehopsS OAdQmhtgv C\hsodchgpw Fdd fhQh Vdevhmp.

Cu Qyd\w Ms ZbfhVhsg fehhchfdohcpp. Cu Qyd\hgqsS Ms

lr[oh ss[fhs fH\w ndwaw Qchp. ""Idfdo toipfh fhizahp

I, \bopw \hs IpSpwRfpw c{TdThpw''(N >=;3>) M fH\w _mpsS IpSpw

Rh N\zndoh. VpSv Fdtcd Qyd\hgpw, {Td\ohgpw Tchipdd

fhs fgho NjhtkIfpw, IrTdfcmpw, [d\mpw ss[fw fkhd VpSh.

""\h ss[fhs OgondsUpw ss[fddfv \hmh fahppsfpw

\h N`hopht''(> sId`h 3;>=) M fH\hgqsS Tchipddfv Ms Tqndoh \ohpp. Tchip {VhVzw Mh fahpp M tRdQyw M\hpdoh.

ss[fw Ms ZbfhVh sHdchpsIdhchp IrTImpw [d\mpw N\fQh

odUv. _d Nt\zkhVpw O{AlhVpw [dlhVpw M\hv Cu IqdovnohgqsS

Isd \f\do ss[fw CSodh.

ss[fw NcpsovV fH\w Mh Tqh-odoh Msa-h-to 3=;?7,?=,?5

fH\ Mhgpw \p-f-msp; ""_d \h-mpsS tn ip-Z-gw Vmh-pw.

\hmpsS Md ndgh\ymh \hpw \h ipbIchsSpw. aIg fh{Al

mh \hpw \h-sm- _d \h-g-cd-pw. Fcp TpVho lr[ow \hv _d\Ipw. Fcp TpVpssHV\yw \hmh _d \htThpw. \hmpsS icbch

\hv ihgdlr[ow MSppndh ndwam lr[ow \Ipw. Ms Odfhs\ _d

\hmh \htfihhpw. \hsm Ms IgvT\I Idpfcpw \hon Tdgh

pVh {iopfcpndpw''. Cu VhcpfH\w tTdsg IcpUop ss[fw Ms

lr[os cqTsSph.

Ms CkvSmpw Ms tndlmpw O{Almpw ss[fh\v aqndoh

anh-psIdv ss[f-hs Vhcp-lhVw nd{Vw tHd[h-p-sIdv, \h -tf-h-sdv

Fdtcd \hnhkfpw Tchipddfv Ms feh \Spp. CVhtgv Ms \ohpIopw aldohpIopw sHovV Ms Nodo Tchip I\yIdn`hoh\v \h T`

opp. NVypV\do Ms azbo ThVdfh\pw, Ms cI\do toip{IhavVp

fh\pw TchTdgI\do Tchipddfh\pw \hopw avVpVhopw OcdQ\opw Nh

pp. Otf ncho, ltgpo.

saRdy Hqhod\hp`v, Vbtdoh, tIdow.


28/36


t{Vayd E.Wh.

EVd\pw fkpnpv avThchv C Zbahs Qyd\h TsSppfd f Fcp av{Vb MsoSp sko`hwAh\p ISpfp. IdevHoh apch

odo Nf fhgThShp fav{Vmpw OjcUmpw NUhhcpp. EVd\pw

anow sIdv Vd t\chSp {Tiv\mpw ZbfhVadlHcympw TpsfVh\p

tikw Nf T`opIodUv tHb, _d TpsfIdcy tHh npftcdSv

TpsfUw. IdcUw Ms AVh ndpw awjfhdVhchs. EZpnd feh

fha ichodh fht[itv od{Vsdcpho Nf tRdwsRoh Ips`[hfa

Vt-h-f-p. NfhSw npV Nf ngh-\-od-tI-h-f-p. Tg-ch \hpw

ISw fdho TUw sIddUv fha ichodhoVv. Md fht[itv ISp

nd\-ad--c-h\ptodZh Xg-


29/36


sH Nfv O{A-lh--Vp-tTd-sg-op

tZdgh gjhh. VmpsS Iehfhfh

TUw Hhg-f-ehp fht[-iv Mho O fb-

ovv VhchsI \dhtgptTdIpfd ady

n-d-oh-cp-p. Md Vs icbcw sIdv

TdTw sHovVv Nf TUw ad-[h -p.fbhsg Zbfh-V-au-I-cy- fh-h-p.

azfpw OWw-R-c-f-avVp-mpw fdh-

qh. Mhgpw NsVdpw NfmpsS n\h\v

awVrTvVh t\Sh-sd-Sp-h-. N-s\-oh-

chs Nf \dh Vhch-s-h. Cu an-

odUv NftmdSp Fcp Qyd\h TsSp

d Of-iy-s--Vv. Qyd\-hs Ocwjw

npV Nf aZb-f-ndoh Fdtcd ip{iq-k-ohgpw Ts-Sp-p. fH-\-ip-{iq-k-ovh-S-oh

Rlpnd\s {R[ tSdw aK`ho TdTs

p`hv MSp dv NfcpsS lr[oh

Oe-h TVh-op-fd ss[fw CS-od-h.

ss[f-hs avt\lw Oe-h N\p-j-fh-

pfd Ieh Nf NfhSps IcpU

M{VfgpVdsUv n\hgdh. Vd sHovV

TdT-v Tch -ldcw sHovVp -sIdv

ss[fs nlVzsSph ZbfhUsnp@` Vbcpnd\w Nf MSppIehhcpp.

Nf T`-op-I-od-oh -cpp tHb _d

fbhsH-d TdT-h-gqsS _d fdh-

q-h-oh-ch-p favVp- _d \bh-

mopw. Ms TdTs N\p-avn-ch-h-p-

Vpw idT{AfpndosVdpw C\h M\h

ptf. O azch \ho[d]ynpd

oh-cp-p.

ss[fhs fH\w Tòpp; "Hp

dcpw tfiyImpndohchpw \hpnpt

azcdZyh {TtfihpVv'. IdUdsV

tTdo OSpImpsS @TnohgqsS toip T`p;

""N\p-VdTw Of-iy-nh-d sVdq-sd

TVp \bVh-nddscp-`hv M-Vht\d

N\pVThp Fcp TdThsop`hv azd

h IqSp-V atd-k-np-d-Ipw Mp

_d \htmdSp Tòpp'' (gq >7;5). ""\kvS

s OShs\ Ip-Ih-p-td atd-khv

NVhs\tVdmhtgpp. fbh Mptd

Nf Iqp-Id-tcopw Nofd-ah-I-smopw

fhmh-p-Iq-h--òpw; \h Mtd-Sp-IqsS

atdkhpfh. Ms \kvSs OShs\IpIhhohchpp'' (gq >7/7,=).

{Thosftc, _d O[yw MepVho

av{Vbso Ip`hv Hhhdw. \dw Tg aj

mhgdoh ss[favt\lw TgVch N\p

jfhpfcpw IchavndhIv Qyd\mhgqsSopw

CS-fI Qyd\--mh-gq-sS-op-snds ss[f-

hs fH-\- tIv Tg-V-c-h-gp-np

TdT @tThfcpndohchdw. Mddoh-odo Fcp nd\-ad--c-ndtUd @d-

oVv2 NsVtod, @Tchfndo (VddghI

ndo) nd\adcndtUd gjhhpVv2 Mp

sIddUv ss[fh \hpw N\p{Al

gjh-dsV tTdIp--Vv2 ss[favt\l-s-

{TVh TdT @tThptd nd\ad

chs Xg Tp`pfcUw. n[yTd\h

odo Fcp-f n[y-Td\w @tT-h--Vd-Ipw.

Md npfsc atdkhhpfd n[yw

fdh-sd-Sp-d Nod-mh nd\-ad--c-

hs Xg @dIph. jdcyso IPh

\ndoh t[tldT{[fw Ehhcp Fcpf

idcbchI @T{[f Nfad\hhshgpw

Hb-fh-mhopw Ig-lfpw \S-p-p-sf-h

Nodv Mv nd\-ad--c-nd-Up-doVv2

ich-odo N\p-Vd-Tw Xg-h-gqsS {TI-S-nd-

Ipp. M{V fgho TdThodohcpdgpw ss[fhs nph N\pVdTtdsS TdT

Ep-T-`-v, nd\-ad--c-hs Xg-

@d-Iptd ss[f-hs N\p-{A-l-

Nfchtgv FepIpfd VpSpw. nhd 5;>9

T`-op-p, ""Oeh-opsS NAd-Q--mh-tgv

\psS TdT- Nfh-Spv Vqs-`h-opw.''

ss[fw \tdSp fhizavVVopw IdcpUyfpw

IdUhpfd nd\adchgqsS CSodIp


30/36

3:CVd \hs N saTvVw-R ?:>33:CVd \hs N saTvVw-R ?:>3

p. ab\w 3?;> gqsS Tòpp, ""NVh

{Inp ndpw TdT-p tndH\fpw

gjhf jdAyfd''.

Zbfh -V-hs EVp-tn-K-g-ohgpw

fhiph Tdgh-d\pw aVy-a--cd-oh-ch -d\pw ISsfcdUv Fdtcd ss{IavVf\pw.

ZbfhV fhip-h-oh-gqsS nd{Vtn ss[fs

atdkhhpfd adQhpIopq. IdT

Sy--mh-d \hkvImnd\-av ss[fw

Nj-o d\-nd-oh-ch-pw. fhfhQ ip{iq-k-

ovdoh Id-fh-\d \htod-Ah--s--f-

cdo Fdtcd fyhopw Md Idcymhgpw

fhizavVVopw fhiphopw TdghpsIdp

tfUw VmpsS Ify N\pkvPhtVv. Fch Fcp CSfI ss[fdgohsg

ssId-c ss[fd-g-o-hsg Fcp favVp

tRdQTqw Ocpw N`hodsV VdIdghI

Of-iy-h-\doh azow @T-tod-Ah-p-Iopw

Idfhs {Tlcw Nodv EpIopw

sHovVp. Vs TdTw Vs-odUv V\hv

N\w fcphosVv Nodv tRdQy

ndoh. Vd sHovV {TfhopsS Aucfw

Nodv n\hgdfpIopw TddTfhf

i\do Nod fhIdchot\dSv sVv EpT

`v Tchldcw sHpIopw sHovVVpsIdv

ss[f-tId-T-h \hv Nod c-s-Sp-

Iopw sHovVp. ss[f-hs fH\w T -op-

p. ""\hkvI-m--nd-h Hch-p--f

Ms tafI\dohchpw'' (ab >:>;=). Zbf

IdcpUy {Tf\hgqsS ss[fd\p{Alw

Vs IpSpwRh\pw gjhUsnp O{Al-d Fcp fb Vs @T-tod-A-h\p

todZh-d Teo azd-j-cUw fhv

NVh\hv Fcp VpI Fcp \h\ IpSpwR

h\v sIdSppVh\pw Rdh VpI O fb

ovv VhchsI sIdSpUsnpw Ofiy

sv Fcp ip{iqkIs\ Ehp. OevHImpw

ndampw Iehtd RdhVpI VhchsI

VcUsnv Nf Ofiysp. [d\Qh

\doh TUw sHg-f-eh-p--Vh VdT-cy-nh-

d Vs jdfv fhfcn`hocpsVv O

av{Vb O ip{iqkIt\dSv Ofiyshcpp.

Md Rdh VpI VhchsI tHd[hVh\d

O ip{iqkI O av{VbopsS jdfht\dSv

TòpIodohcpp, \hmpsS jdcyovv _d

(VpI T`hv) sIdSpd\p TUw \hsm

EhtUd NsVtod \hmpsS jdcyso

EhUtnd2 fghsodcp IpSpwRIglh

\p fehsodcph O ip{iqkI awVrTvV

\doh. ss[fhs fH\w Tòpp, ""f\

sHp Fcpf\pw Ms jf\h fahp

Ioh'' (ab >:>;5). fH\ ip{iqk sHp

f V-mpsS \dfh-gqsS Tp -s-Sp Fdtcdfdpw ss[f-h-t-Vd-sU-p tRdQy-

h \hp-tfUw awad-ch-t--Vv. NVh-

\d ss[f-j-o-tdSpw ss[fd-{i-o-tRd-Q-

tdsSopw tfUw ip{iqkI sHtVv.

NtVdsSdw N\pacUopw Mmhnopnpf

cdohchpfd ss[fw O{Alhpp.

ss[f-hs fH\w T`-op-p, Fcp

fyhoh ImfpTòp azjdfw fcptd

ThidHhs azjdfndUv Nfch {TISndIp

Vv. NVpsTdsg sH`ho Idcy sTdgh

hpT`v npfsc sH`pVdpI, Tchl

ahpI, NTfd[ TòpI CsVdpw Fcp

ip{iqkI\pw tHV. ab >:>;5 Tòp

p, \pU Tòp Fcpf\pw Ms ahQh

oh VpScd\dfpIoh. NVptTdsg pjhV

\doh awad-ch -p -I, sTdh -s-`h -pI

CsVdw ZWhI\do n\pkys azjdfndUv.Hhg MtdSv T`-Vv Fdp-I-od-Uv,

Nod awadchpVv Obo n\pky\d

oh, VhIpw guIhIs\tdsgodUv Mv.

ss[fw Hhg fyhIsm Hhg {TtVyI \htod

Adoh fhmhptd Nfv NQhId

cfpw ihopw sIdSp-p-p. Md Cu

NQh-Id-cfpw ihopw {TI-S-nd-I-U-sn-h

ss[f-td-Sp-tHp-\hp {Tfh--Uw.


31/36

3>CVd \hs N saTvVw-R ?:>33>CVd \hs N saTvVw-R ?:>3

NtVdsSdw atdktdsSopw IrV

Vd avtVd{V--tmd-sSopw tfUw

Idfhs ip{iqk sHtVv. ss[f

hs ih TchipndoVh\d ss[f

h\ptfh ip{iqksHpf Tchip

-cd-oh -ch --Uw. Tc-nd lr[-o-

tdsS fydT-ch-p--fp-nd-{Vtn

atdktdsS Idfhs ip{iqk

oh @`p\hpfd adQhpIopq.

sfmp \h`np fav{Vh IÌ

ThShd O fav{Vhs tn \kvS

sp tTdIp-p. CVp-tTdsg ns-

sdw tnI @dohcpdgpw ip{iq

kImh M{V fmoh MhodgpwO fyh-opsS fyhVzw fhI-g-nd-oh-

cpd Nod npfv CSovv

IdcUndIpp. ""NTw Tpmhv npepf

ndfh-s\opw Tpmh-h-p-snv \hv

N`hfpVt2'' (> tId`h 7;=). NVh\d

ss[fhs IgvT\I N\pachpsId

ptfUw EsVdcp ip{iqkopw \h`tf

tVv. ab >>9;>>3 C{TIdcw Tòp

p, ""ITSlr[osc _d sf`ppp''.ss[fhs IgvT\Imh atdkhp

-fv EV-f-a-c-hgpw ThSh -p -

\hd Iehopw. Ip`pIdgw ss[f

hs {Tnd-U- N\p-a-chv Zbfh-

pIopw Md sf`ppw fht[zkfpw

lr[oh ISpIqSh Rphoh N

Idcw fydTh-h-p-Iopw sHp-td

sIdSho Vdev-oh-tgv fbUp-tTd-Ip-

Iopw ss[f-hs N\p-{A-l-mpw

avt\lfpw \kvS-nd-fp-Iopw sHp-p.

NVh-\d Fdtcd ss[f-n-I\pw ss[f-n-

Impw N\p[h\w ss[fahQhoh Ooh

cpv O-tid-Q\ \S-p-Iopw TdT-

sp`hv N\pVThpIopw sHUw.

fhiphohdsV ip{iqkImh Es

Sp-td add Nfsc O{I-nh-p-

fd NfacnpmfdIpp. ss[fhs

fH\w Tòpp, ""\b IepIs\tdsg @opT`

dgpw \{VmpsS CSoh IqpIqhodgpw Nfh

sS\hv \hs _d Vdseoh`pw... \hs {Tfh

I \hs Vs Vgoh \hTVhpw'' (FRd >;0,>7).

TdTfpw TdT-nd-mpw @tT-hv nd\-

adchs Xg Tp`sSpfhptd ss[f

hs IcpU sHdch -o -s-p -sId -hchpw.

Nfsdpw jo-s-tS--Vh-. ss[f-hs

fH\w T`-opp, ""\hsp`hv Nfh-Spv NVh-

odoh Od-[h-pw... _d \hh \hpw fhT-

pIsm [pcbIchpw1 \h\v \h\tnthf

ch-I-oh-. \hIdsI, \h-mpsS apavYhVh

_d Tp\dThptd \hsm Md Z\VI

mpsSopnhSoh _d {TKydVcpw {TIbhVcpw

Opw Idfv Ncpmhsopp'' (saXd 3;>6,?:).


32/36

3?CVd \hs N saTvVw-R ?:>33?CVd \hs N saTvVw-R ?:>3

NRp[tIdism Tqndopw \bdCgIvt{SdUhIv Ih ;

g ; NRp[tIdism Vhch`hod Ieh

op CgIvt{SdUhIv iav{V{Ihod IhIfhIahhVdoh g CwTbcho tIdtmZhsg AtfkI. Ib`hnp`hpVh\hsS @d

Ip HqSpw TpIopw Ih-feh avsTIvt{Sdnb`hsghv cdaTchtidQ\ \ShodUv

NapKwRdQh tIdism IspI.Syqn-`pw \ tIdi-mpw Vh-gp

NVhh tfVh -ch -d -\p {TodawNRp[ HhIh--ohsg sfp-fh-mh -od-Uv.iav{V{Iho Iehdgpw EVd\pw NRp[

tIdi- Nf-ti-kh-pw. avV\dRp-[-h\pw npw cdnVpw iav{V{Iho \SpVv CVpnqgndUv. "sMss\Xv' fcptVdsS

Nf-ti-kh-p Syqn-`p-Ism @SI-sh

tfsSpd\dIpw. 99 tcdAhIImh >::% fhZoIcndoh Tcbh @TIcUw nqpfkh

\Iw fhTUhoh C`psnv CVp IpThSh Atf-k-I tadVIVvav T -p.NRp-[-h\p Tp`sn tIdi-sm RdQh-

p RdIvSb-ch-o-I-smopw npw Tp`-d-

d\pw @TIcUw {TtodZ\sSpw.

fdl\ C\h \hcc \hcbUh1

TpVho awfhQd\w sIdpfcpp.

ngp`w ; FIvtSdR 5 \p tikw awd

\p cZh sHp nbWhow/slfh fdl\v t`Whtod {XbIzah sMsWhXht-k Whssf-aav (O.MXv.sM.Wh)

\hR--nd-h. O.MXv.sM.Wh. awfh-Qd-\np fdl\sm tndtdfdl\ fIph\va[danofpw \hcbhd IehopsnVdUv

{TtVyIV. O.MXv.sM.Wh. dTh fdl\mdUv cZhavt{Sk\p fcpsVv @`p

f-cp--U-snv awd\ tndtd fdl\

fIph\v tI{ ad \htiw \Ih.

FIvtSdR 5 \p tikw fh\ \S

p TpVho fdl-\--mh O.MXv.

sM.Wh. awfh-Qd\w dTh-h-ch--U-snv

tI{ ad fdl-\-\hd-Vd-v

t\cs \htiw \Ih-oh-cp-p. TpVho

fdl\mh O.MXv.sM.Wh. dThd

?:>3 E{Th 6 npV O`p ndaw ano-ndUv

fdl\\hdVdvN\pf[hhchpVv.

fdl-\h LShhp IdhI Hhhs

aldotdsSodUv tndtd fdl\fIph\p fhopsS \bw N`hod IehopI. fh

aRh Md fhfcfpw Hhh @dIpw.

fosgav awfhQd\hgqsS t`Whtod Vcw

A- feh-odUv t`dWh-gp fdl-\-

awRh fhfc tndtd fdl\fIp

h\v gjhpsIdhchpI.

fdl\hs cZhavt{Sk \, @S

n-opsS tTcpw fhgd-afpw, Mh \,Ckq`av awR fhfc VpSho

f-sodw Hhh tcK-s-Sp-h-oh-p-d-Ipw.

HppcImh C awfhQd\hgqsS Hpw

NSovdfp {InbIcUfpw CVpfeh Es

Spd Iehopw. sHv tTdpImh fdl\

Es` anow \hh-oh-tS-h-f-cp

Rphnpv CtVdsS FehfdIpw. CScw, fgho

fdl-\--mdUv O.MXv.sM.Wh. awfh-Qd-

\tdsS C\h Tp`h`pI.

[ch{[cpw tcdAhImpw frcpw NZdVihipfpw

ss[fhs nd TbapI ; ndTd

n\pkyZbf AjQdcUw npV azdjdfhIncUw fscop EVfohgpw fhgopVdsUpw fr, tcdAhI, [ch{[, NZd

V-ihip VpS-h-o-f ss[f-hs ndTbapImdsUpw NVpsIdv n\pkyZbfs


33/36


nlVzw @ohhShUsnpw {Xdabav

ndTd. tId{Xav FdXv Cwv O v

sfohav tW tXd ssgXh\v tfh No

ati-hgdUv ndTd Cdcyw fhi-[b-Ich--Vv.

ss[fhs nlVzndUv Md n\pky

chgpw IdUd IehopVv. O {TIdiw IqSp

V VhmnpVdId\pw n\pkyZbfs fhg

n-Vh-d-\d-Id nqgyw Md-fcpw Vhch--`h-

od\pw Ieh-o---fh-Q-h-gd-oh-ch-Uw

Itd-gh--cpsS {Tf-\w. tW tXd

ssgXv OtLdk n\pkyZbfs apc

hVVzw Mdovtdepw @`v fcpd Iehop--fh-Q-h-gd-oh-ch--U-snpw ndTd

T`p.

tW tXd ssgXv avtId vg v ,

Cwv, sfohav MhfhSmh Zqssg

?6 \pw Nogh FIvtSdR O`h\pndUv

OtLdkhpVv. "sIo tXd ssgXv Cv

fv Cv' M-VdUv Cu fks fhk-

ow. I[h\d sRtAdmhtod ?::7 fhip

s`ovnv t\d\--ahs Vhcp-\d [h\-h\S-ho fH-\-a-t-i-h \hdUv Cu

{Ttnow ISsnSpVv.

Nv Ntlw T`p ; \ Md

fcpw Zbfs\ O[chUw. atdktdsS,

idVtodsS, @ukvnmVtodsS... Vp` lr[

otdsSodohchUw Zbf \tIVv.

Ocwjw npV Nfad\w fsc Zbfs\ O[

chpI, awchpI. M{V gmhVfpw nt\d

lcfpndo awAVhodUVv. ZbfhVtdSv Icp

VgpfcdIpI. NVv fhgopVdUv''. Cu

fks tW tXd ssgXv {i tI{bI

ch-h-ch-p-Vv fr, O-l-Vy-sH-ovV-f-

cpsS IpSpwR, NZdV ihip, Nf

cpsS Nnd MhfcpsS awcUh\d

od-Uv.

NndcpsS Zbf\v jbkUhop adl

H-cy-h NtRdk N\p-f-[-\b-o-ndUv

M \honw Nogh Tdadho adl

HcyhgdUv ndTdopsS Cu Olzd\w.

ss[fhs IcpU N\pIchpfcdIpI

Id sAddtXd ; ss[fw Mdfch\hpw Icp-U-odUv Of-iy-s-Sp--sVpw

Nfh-Spv Oscopw sf`p-p-h-spw{Xdabav ndTd -. ndTd - -nd -cpsStf\d-g -f -a-Vh -odo IdsAddtXd-oh O[y-ndoh MhoNtlw ai-I-tcdSv awad-ch-p-I-od-oh-cpp.

lr[-o-hs Icp-U-odUv ss[fw

O{AlhpVv. IdcUw ss[fw IdcpUyfd\d-Uv. \psS al-\- Nfh-Sp-t--`h-odw. \psS {Tod-a- Nfh-Sp-t--`hodw. Mh\v \psS TdT tTdgpw NfhSpt`hodw. Vs IcpUopsS lr[ondUvss[fw \nptdtcdcppw \IhohchpVv. fhip gqd apfhtikhsg \an`hoddcs @Tn M fH\jdAw OavT[ndhodUv ndTd atiw \IhoVv.

Ntlw VpSp; \ an-ch-od-d-c IcpUopsS Cu npKndUv fyndhoVv. Ntlw ss[f-hs Icp-Uso gmh-V-ndoh N\pIchpIodohcpp. Ofiymhtgv \bpsHpVdUv IcpU. tcdARdQhVcpsS nQy\pw tldavTh FdW`hsdTI\pndo fhip Idnhgav [ sgbahs\opw ndTd @[d-l-ch-p. \ an-`d-oM apfhtikw Zbfh fyhodohcppfhip Idnhgav. N\p[h\ ZbfhVh Ip

npp Md tcdAhIpw Ntlw IdcpUyw\Ih, NftcdSv IcpUIdUhp. NVpsIdvtWdIvtSevapw sIo sa`pImh taf\wsHp--fcpw O ssHV\yw @sd-pI.NVh\ptfh _d {Tdhpp. \h\ anchoddc\dfpI'' ndTd Olzd\wsHovVp.

cdw tgdI-n -ld -op - -Id -gstfd l\ho Iq-p-cp-Vh-oh ZbfVydAwsHovV tTdmpIdscopw @ss{IIdscopw


34/36


ndTd N\pavnchp. Nfdoh Ntlw{TdhpIopw sHovVp.

M.-Th.-Zh. aRvahWh; OQd, Nuv

\`pI cZh sHUw.

sIdh ; TdHIfdVI aRvahWh saTvVwR FpnpV Rdv Nuv fehodpadlHcyh OQd, Rdv Nuv \

`pI Aydav EZahImh cZh sHd\p--f NSh-o-h-c-ndoh \S-T-Sh-{I-n-

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Itha Ninte Amma - Sep 2013

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