Iterators Chapter 8 Slides by Steve Armstrong LeTourneau University Longview, TX 2007, Prentice...

Iterators

Chapter 8

Slides by Steve ArmstrongLeTourneau University

Longview, TX2007,Prentice Hall

Carrano, Data Structures and Abstractions with Java, Second Edition, (c) 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-237045-X

Chapter Contents

• What is an Iterator?• The Interface Iterator

Using the Interface Iterator

• An Inner Class Iterator A Linked Implementation An Array-Based Implementation

• Why Are Iterator Methods in Their Own Class?


Chapter Contents

• The Interface ListIterator Using the Interface ListIterator

• An Array-Based Implementation of the Interface ListIterator The Inner Class

• Java Class Library: The Interface Iterable

• Iterable and for-each Loops• The Interface List Revisited


What Is an Iterator? 1

• A program component Enables you to step through, traverse a

collection of data Can tell whether next entry exists

• Iterator may be manipulated Asked to advance to next entry Give a reference to current entry Modify the list as you traverse it


The Interface Iterator 3

• Found in java.util in Java Class Library

• One of two iterator classes• View source code of interface Iterator

Specifies a generic type for entries

• Note three methods Method hasNext Method next Method remove


The Interface Iterator 4

• Position of an iterator is not at an entry Positioned either before first entry Or between two entries

Fig 8-1 The effect of a call to next on a list iterator


Using the Interface Iterator 6

• Consider a list of names created with the code below (from chap 6)

• Then create a separate class iterator



Fig. 8-2 The effect of iterator methods

on a list.



• Now execute several commands for illustration


Using the Interface Iterator 7

Fig. 8-3 The effect of the iterator

methods next and remove on a list


Multiple Iterators 10

• Possible to have several iterators of the same list

• View sample code

Fig 8-4 Counting the number of

times that Jane appears in a list of

names


The Class SeparateIterator 12

• Used to connect an iterator with a list Invoke SeparateIterator constructor

• View source code of SeparateIterator Note data field that references list Note the class is independent of how the list is

implemented – use ListInterface

• Note methods hasNext next remove


The Class SeparateIterator

Fig. 8-6 A list and nextPosition (a) just before the call to next;



Fig. 8-6 A list and nextPosition (b) just after the call to next but before the call to remove;



Fig. 8-6 A list and nextPosition (c) after the call to remove


An Inner Class Iterator 16• An alternative to separate class iterators• Define the iterator class as an inner class of the

ADT Multiple iterations possible Has direct access to ADT's data fields as inner class

• Required interface – Listing 8-3


An Inner Class Iterator 17

• View class LinkedListWithIterator• Note methods declared in interface Iterator Found within inner class IteratorForLinkedList

This inner class has data field nextNode to track an iteration

nextNode references the node that method next must access


An Inner Class Iterator 20

Fig. 8-7 An inner class iterator with direct access to the linked chain that implements the ADT


An Array-Based Implementation 24

• View outline of ArrayListWithIterator

• Note methods required for the inner class hasNext next remove


An Array-Based Implementation 28

Fig 8-8 The array of list entries and nextIndex(a) just before to the call to next


An Array-Based Implementation

Fig 8-8 The array of list entries and nextIndex(b) just after the call to next but before the call to remove


An Array-Based Implementation

Fig 8-8 The array of list entries and nextIndex

(c) after the call to remove


Why are Iterator Methods in Their Own Class? 29

• Consider modification of linked implementations of list Include the methods specified in Java

interface Iterator Method remove not included for simplicity

• View outline of ListWithTraversal Note similarities and differences with

Listing 8-4


Why are Iterator Methods in Their Own Class? 30

• Note that traversal methods do execute quickly Direct access to underlying data structure

• But … Only one traversal can be in progress at a

time Resulting ADT requires too many operations

(interface bloat)


The Interface ListIterator 32

• An alternative interface for iterators in Java Class Library

• Enables traversal in either direction• Allows modification of list during iteration• View interface java.util.ListIterator• Note methods

hasPrevious previous add set



Fig. 8-9 The effect of a call to previous on a list



Fig. 8-10 The indices returned by the methods nextIndex and previousIndex


Using the Interface ListIterator 37

• Assuming The interface ListIterator implemented

as an inner class which implements ADT list Iterator includes methods add, remove, set Method getIterator added to ADT list List called nameList, contains 3 names Iterator traverse


Using the Interface ListIterator 37

Note sample commands and output


Array-Based Implementation of ListIterator 41

• First define an interface with Operations from ADT list Method getIterator

• Now define the class that implements the ADT list Same data fields and methods as version of AList from chapter 5

Note inner class IteratorForArrayList implements ListIterator



Fig. 8-11 Possible contexts in which the method remove throws an exception when called by the iterator traverse


Array-Based Implementation of ListIterator

Fig. 8-11 Possible contexts in which the method remove throws an exception when called by the iterator traverse



Fig. 8-12 The array of list entries and nextIndex (a) just before the call to add; (b) just after the call to add



Fig. 8-13 The array of list entries and nextIndex (a) just before the call to previous



Fig. 8-13 The array of list entries and nextIndex (b) just after the call to previous

but before the call to remove



Fig. 8-13 The array of list entries and nextIndex (c) after the call to remove


Java Class Library: The Interface Iterable 51

• Consider Listing 8-10 The interfacejava.lang.Iterable

Method has same purpose as previous method getIterator

Method has same purpose as previous method getIterator


Java Class Library: The Interface Iterable

• Listing 8-11 The interfaceListWithIteratorInterface modified to extend Iterable


Iterable and for-each Loops 52

• Class which implements Iterable has distinct advantage

• Able to use a for-each loop to traverse objects in an instance of the class


The Interface List Revisited 53

• Recall interface java.util.List from segment 4.19 of Chapter 4

• It extends Iterable Thus has method iterator

• Also has methods

Iterators Chapter 8 Slides by Steve Armstrong LeTourneau University Longview, TX 2007, Prentice...

Documents

Transcript of Iterators Chapter 8 Slides by Steve Armstrong LeTourneau University Longview, TX 2007, Prentice...