USDA United States m_ oo_o,,_o,o,Nes_dentia| Fue|woodAgriculture

Forest Consumption andService _ m

North Central Product,on ,nForestExperiment

Station l_d_a_a, 1 996Resource Bulletin

NC - 188 Dennis M. May, Jeff Settle, and Tamara Benjamin

indiana

.,,, .

,',,

North Central Forest Experiment StationForest Service--U.S. Department of Agriculture

1992 Folwell Avenue

St. Paul, Minnesota 55108

Manuscript approved for publication November 4, 19971997

FOP_WORD

This bulletin reports the results of a survey of residential fuelwood con-

sumption and production in Indiana for a 1-year period encompassing the1995/1998 heating season. Topics examined include the geographic distri-bution of residential fuelwood consumption and production within the State;the species of trees used for residential fuelwood; the types of wood-burningfacilities used; tile reasons for burning fuelwood; and the land, ownership,and tree classes from which tuelwood was produced. Such detailed intbr-

mation is necessary for intelligent planning and decisionmaking in woodi procurement, tbrest resource management, forest industry development,

and tbrest research.

I The survey was conducted in cooperation with the Indiana Department of

Natural Resources and was partially funded by the Indiana Biomass GrantProgram, which is administered by the Energy Policy Division of the IndianaDepartment of Commerce. The cooperation of the Indiana households andcommercial producers who took the time to respond to this survey is alsoacknowledged and appreciated.

In this bulletin, consumption refers to the volume of fuelwood burned byIndiana's households, regardless of the source of the fuelwood (roundwood,wood residues from primary or secondary manufacturing, scrap or waste

4wood products, etc.). Production refers _ to the volume of roundwood

i harvested to supply Indiana's wood-burning households. This report _oesnot include information about harvesting for industrial fuelwood. Suchinformation is included in reports covering wood use by primary processing

_ plants.

i Row and column data of tables may not sum due to rounding, but data ineach table cell are accurately displayed.

i

:i

CONTENTS

Page

Consumption ........................................................................................... 1Production ................................................................................................ 5

Appendix ................................................................................................... 6Study Methods ...................................................................................... 6

Residential Households ...................................................................... 6Commercial Producers ....................................................................... 8

Sampling Error ...................................................................................... 8Study Limitations .................................................................................. 8Definition of Terms ................................................................................ 9

Species Groups, Common and Scientific Names of TreeSpecies Mentioned ............................................................................ 1 1

Table Titles .......................................................................................... 12

Residenti Fuelwood Consumption and

Production in Indiana, 1996

Dennis M° May, Jeff Settle, and Tamara Benjamin

CONSUMPTION ® In the more populated Northern Unit,pleasure was the most popular reason fbr

o Three out of I0 Indiama households had burning wood, while burning wood fbrfacilities to burn wood in 1996, but only home-heating was more prevalent m thetwo-thirds of them burned wood in that other, more rural, Survey Units.year (table 1).

• Overall, pleasure was the most popular® As a result, only about one in five house- reason for burning fuelwood in 1996.

holds burned wood in 1996; a similar

proportion planned to burn wood in 1997. ® On average, households that burned woodfor pleasure consumed one-third of a cord

, tn 1996, more than 56,000 households of ti_elwood, only a Kaction of the volume_, planned to install wood-burning t_tcilities, consumed by households that heated with

Seventy percent of the installations will be wood.new, the rest will be replacement orsupplemental units for households already * As a result, more fuelwood was consumedburning wood. for home-heating thmn for pleasure in 1996

{table 2 and fig. 2).• Seventy percent of' the households pos-

sessing and using wood-burning facilities * Fireplaces were the most popular type ofin 1996 were located in the Northern wood-burning f_tcility used by IndianaSurvey Unit of the State {table 1 and lCig. 1). households in 1996 {table 3). This was

especially true in the Northern Unit where® On average, each of Indiana's wood-burn- households burned wood primarily for

ing households burned 1.3 cords of pleasure, while wood stoves were morefuelwood in 1996, tbr a total consumption prevalent in the other, more rural, Unitsof just over 511 thousand cords {table 2), where households burned wood primarily

for home-heating.

Dennis M. May, Research Forester, received a Resources in 1985 and has worked for the

B.S. degree in forest management from the Division of Forest_j since 1987, joining theUniversity of Maine and art M.S. degree in Utilization and Marketing Section in 1996.forest resources fl'om the University of Idaho.He joined the USDA Forest Service in Decem- Tamara Benjamin, Research Assistant, De-ber 1983, and has been working with the partment of Forestry and Natural Resources,North Central Station's Forest Inventory and Purdue University, IN, received her B.A. degreeAnalysis Unit since May 1992. in biology and education from Hamline Univer-

sity, St. Paul, MN, in 1990. From 1991 to

Jeff Settle, Forest Product Specialist, Indiana 1993, she served as a volunteer in Costa RicaDepartment of Natural Resources-Division of with the U.S. Peace Corps as a forestry

Forestry, received a B.S. degree in recreation extentionist. In 1996 she completed her M.S.and leisure studies (management option) from in forest economics at Purdue UniversityIndiana State University in 1984. He began studying temperate agroforestry. Currentlyworking for the Indiana Department of Natural she is studying for her Ph.D. in agroforestry at

Purdue University.

St.Joseph LaGrange Stueben

Noble DeKalbMarshall

i Kosciusko

Allen

Pulaski Fulton

White Cass

NORTHERNBenton

Grant

Tippicanoe Howard Jay

Warren

Tipton

Randolph

Montgomery HamiltonBoone

HenryWayne

Marion

Franklin

Bartholomew

UPLANDGreene FLA TS

JacksonLOWER LawrenceWABASH _°ox Switzerland

Washington "_

Pike

Crawford

KNOBS

Figure 1 .wForest Survey Units in Indiana, 1996.

2

Figure 2.--Distribution of residential fuelwood consumption by reason for burning, Indiana, 1996.

® Four-fifths of the households that burned • In 1996, almost two-thirds of Indiana's

wood in fireplaces did so for pleasure, wood burners had burned wood for at leastwhile about 90 percent of households that 5 years (table 5).burned wood either in wood stoves or

furnaces did so tbr home-heating (table 4). . Compared to their more recent counter-parts who burned wood primarily for

® As a result, almost two-thirds of all pleasure (fig. 4), these veteran wood burn-fuelwood consumed in 1996 was burned in ers were more likely to burn wood foreither wood stoves or furnaces, much more home-heating, and consequently burnedthan was burned in the far more numer- 83 percent of all fuelwood consumed inous fireplaces (fig.3). 1996.

5 or more years agoHouseholds Volume

Less than 5 years agoHouseholds Volume

.,5;

Primaryheat

4.3%

J

Figure 4.aDtstribution of residential fuelwood consumption by reason for burning and year first _burned wood, Indiana, 1996. i

* Almost all (95 percent) of the fuelwood volume burned; omk alone accounted for

burned in 1996 was consumed at primary two-fifths of the total consumption (tableresidences (table6). 8).

* ,almost all (97 percent) of the fuelwood * Close to two-thirds of Indiana's wood-

burned came from roundwood, but about burning households cut all or part of the11 percent of the households relied on fuelwood they burned in 1996 (table 9).wood residues for all or part of theirfuelwood needs in 1996 (table 7). ° In total, 71 percent of the volume burned

in 1996 was cut by residents of wood-, Three main species---oak, ash, and burning households. Most of the remain-

hickorywaccounted for 70 percent of the ing volume, 23 percent of total consump-t.ion, was purchased (fig. 5).

4

Volume Nonforest land sources

Cities andvigages

6.5%

Windbreaks,fencerows,ruralyards

12,1%

Figure 5.--Distrtbution of residential fuelwoodconsumption by procurement method, Indi-ana, ! 996.

Forest land sources

Figure 6.--Distribution of residential fuelwoodproduction by source of material, Indiana,1996.

® Purchased wood was most frequently * Four main species---oak, ash, hickory, anddelivered in cords of stove-length wood elm--accounted for 72 percent of the(table 10). fuelwood cut; oak alone accounted for two-

fifths of the total (table 12).

• On average, households that purchasedfuelwood burned about four-fifths of a cord * Essentially all of the elm was harvestedof purchased wood each in 1996. from the Northern Unit (table 13).

PRODUCTION * Private lands supplied most (98 percent) ofthe fuelwood harvested in 1996 (tables 14,

• In 1996, 523 thousand cords of roundwood 15).fuelwood were cut in Indiana to meet the

State's residential fuelwood demands (table * In 1996, only a tenth of all fuelwood11). produced was cut from growing-stock

portions of live timberland trees (tables 16,• More than half of this total was cut from 17 and fig. 7). As a consequence, fuelwood

the Northern Unit of the State. removals had very little impact on thegrowing-stock inventory, the traditional

• Four-fifths of the 1996 production was supply source of the State's primary forestharvested from forest land sources, mainly products industry.dead trees. The remainder was cut from a

variety of nonforest land sources (fig. 6).

Nontimberland18.6%

,.* .,.%/% ..% **%,_

,Growing-stockI t t, 9.7%

Non-growing-stock _ _ t t71.7%

Timberland

Figure 7.--Distribution of timber removalsassociated with residential fuelwood produc-tion, Indiana, 1996.

APPENDIX

STUDY METHODS The total number of samples was dispropor-tionaUy allocated to each stratum based on the

Data for this publication were collected by a number of households and the expectedtelephone survey conducted during the sum- variation in fuelwood production in eachmer of 1996 by the Indiana Department of stratum. The strata samples were proportion-Natural Resources and its contractors. The ally distributed across the counties in eachtelephone survey sampled Indiana households stratum based on the number of households

and all known commercial producers, using in each county. The county samples wereformal questionnaires prepared by the North evenly distributed across the three-digitCentral Forest Experiment Station and ap- telephone exchanges in each county. A ran-proved by the Federal Office of Management dom list of telephone numbers was generatedand Budget. for each county using all listed three-digit

phone exchanges. One call was placedResidential Households (whether successful or unsuccessful) to each

of the random telephone numbers until theThe sampled universe encompassed all house- necessary number of residential householdsholds in Indiana with telephones. A total within each exchange and county was con-sample size of 1,123 households was selected tacted. In the urban stratum, about 1 in

based on funding available and a desired 2,326 households were sampled; in the ruralstandard error of less than _+20 percent stratum, about 1 in 1,350 households were

statewide at one standard deviation. The State sampled. Stratum sample responses werewas stratified into two sampling strata (urban expanded to population estimates of total

and rural) based on population densities fuelwood use based on these sample rates.within counties (fig. 8).

6

White Cass

Benton

Jay

Warren

Randolph

Mon_omeryBoone

Henry

Moran

Franklin

Bartholomew

Greene

JacksonLawrence

Knox

Washington

Orange

Pike

Crawford

_ Urban counties

--]Rural counties

Figure 8.--Sampling strata in Indiana, 1996.

Commercial Producers STUDY LII_HTAT]ONS

A list of 128 commercial fuetwood producers This study reports both the consumption andwas compiled by the Indiana Department of production of residential fuetwood in IndianaNatural Resources. These commercial produc- for a 1-year period ending at the time of theers were canvassed about their production of telephone survey, essentially encompassingresidential fuelwood, using a formal question- the 1995/96 burning season, but dated 199(3naire similar to that used for households, for reporting purposes. Consumption refers to

_ Possible duplicate sampling was minimized by the volume of fuelwood burned by Indiana'scross-checking telephone numbers of all wood-burning households, regardless of thesample households producing more than 10 source of the fuelwood {roundwood, wood

cords of fuelwood against the commercial residues from primary or secondary manufac-producers list. turing, scrap or waste wood products, etc.).

Production, on the other hand, refers only toCompleted questionnaires were sent to the the volume of roundwood harvested to supplyNorth Central Forest Experiment Station for Indiana's wood-burning households. Produc-

ed editing and processing. Some respondents did Lion does £k0_tinclude fuelwood produced fromnot know the tree species cut or burned for wood residues generated at primary wood-fuel, except in general terms such as mixed using mills (such as sawmills and veneerhardwoods. As part of the processing, general mills), fuelwood produced from roundwood forspecies groupings were prorated to individual industrial consumption, fuelwood producedspecies specifically identified as being har- from wood residues generated at secondaryvested or burned in a sampling stratum and wood-using mills (such as millwork plants andForest Survey Unit. furniture plants), or fuelwood produced from

waste wood products. However, fuelwoodSAMPLING ERROR produced from primary mill residues and

fuelwood produced for industrial consumptionAll the reported figures are estimates based on are captured In Indiana's timber productsampling procedures that are designed to give output studies. And although fuelwood pro-accurate estimates of residential fuelwood ducLion from secondary mill residues andconsumption and production. A measure of waste wood products are beyond the scope ofreliability of these figures is given by sampling Forest Inventory and Analysis duties, part oferrors. This sampling error means that the this volume is captured In the consumptionchances are two out of three that the results portion of the residential fuelwood studiesfor the sample differ by no more than the (table 7). Due to these definition differences,amount indicated from the results that would as well as seasoning time, leftover fuelwoodhave been obtained if a complete census of all inventories from previous years, gift or free

households and commercial producers had wood, interstate wood movement, and fluctu-been made. Sampling errors for estimates of ating participation in wood burning, estimatesresidential fuelwood consumption and produc- of fuelwood production and consumptiontion in Indiana are shown below: should not be expected to match in a given

year.

Stratum Consumption Error Production Error(Cords) (Percent) (Cords) (Percent)

Urban households 143,486 16.7 152,142 20.7

Rural households 367,703 13.9 360,988 14.0Residential households 511,1 89 11.0 513,130 11.6Commercial producers -- -- 9,534

State total 511,189 11.0 522,664 11.4

8

i

Households without telephones were not Diameter at breast height (d.b.h.).--The

sampled. To compensate for this omission, outside bark diameter at 4.5 feet above thesample responses from households with forest floor on the uphill side of the tree. Forphones were assumed representative of the determining breast height, the forest floorrelatively small number of households without includes the duff layer that may be present,phones, and were expanded across all existing but does not include unincorporated woodyhouseholds in Indiana. Study results may be debris that may rise above the ground line.slightly biased if fuelwood consumption orproduction per household differs significantly Forest ltmd.--Land at least 16.7 percentin quantity or sources between phoneless stocked by forest trees of any size, or for-households and households with phones, merly having had such tree cover, and not

currently developed for nonforest use. (Note:

To assess the impacts of fuelwood harvesting Stocking is measured by comparing specifiedon the State's forest inventory from the tele- standards with basal area and/or number ofphone survey responses, reported fuelwood trees, age or size, and spacing.) The mini-harvests from "woodland areas outside of city mum area for classification of forest land is 1

or village limits" were assumed to be the same acre. Roadside, streamside, and shelterbeltas forest land harvests, and all forest land strips of timber must have a crown width ofharvests were assumed to be timberland at least 120 feet to qualify as forest land.harvests. Unimproved roads and trails, streams, or

other bodies of water or clearings in forestDEFINITION OF TERMS areas shall be classed as forest if less than

120 feet wide.

Central stem,--The portion of a tree between

a 1-foot stump and the minimum 4.0-inch Fuelwood eonsutnption.mThe fuelwoodtop diameter outside bark or tile point where burned by residential households.the central stem breaks into limbs.

Puelwood produetion.wThe volume of round-Commercial produeers.--Commercial wood harvested to supply residential house-

fuelwood operators. Those who harvest holds.fuelwood to sell to dealers or consumers.

Includes loggers who harvest tuelwood along Growing-stock removals.--The growing-stockwith saw logs and other products, volume removed from the timberland inven-

tory by harvesting roundwood products.Commercial speeies.mTree species presently (Note: Includes sawtimber removals,

or prospectively suitable for industrial wood poletimber removals, and logging residues.)products. (Note: Excludes species of typi-cally small size, poor form, or inferior quality Growing-stock tree._A live timberland tree of

such as hophombeam, Osage-orange, and commercial species that meets specifiedredbud.) standards of size, quality, and merchantabil-

ity. (Note: Excludes rough, rotten, and deadCord (standard fuelwood).wA pile of logs trees.)

4x4x8 feet (128 cubic feet including air spaceand bark). A standard cord of fuelwood Growing-stock volume.--Net volume ofcontains 70 cubic feet of wood and 58 cubic growing-stock trees 5.0 inches d.b.h, andfeet of bark and air space, over, from 1 foot above the ground to a

minimum 4.0-inch top diameter outside bark

Cull removals._Net volume of rough and of the central stem or to the point where therotten trees, plus the net volume in sections central stem breaks into limbs.of the central stem of growing-stock treesthat do not meet regional merchantability Hardwoods.wDicotyledonous trees, usuallystandards, harvested for roundwood prod- broad-leaved and deciduous.ucts.

Harvest residues.--The total net volume of

Dead removals.--Net volume of dead trees unused portions of trees cut or killed byharvested for roundwood products, logging. (Note: Includes both logging resi-

dues and logging slash.)9

Limbwood removals.--Net volume of all Poletixnber rexnovals.--Net volume in the

portions of a tree other than the central merchantable central stem of poletimberstem, (including forks, large limbs, tops, and trees harvested for roundwood products.stumps) harvested for roundwood products.

Primary _ood-using raills.--Mflls receivingLogging residue.--.The net volume of unused roundwood or chips from roundwood for

portions of the merchantable central stem of processing into primary wood productsgrowing-stock trees cut or killed by logging. (lumber, veneer, wood pulp, etc.).

Logging slash.wThe net volume of unused Rotten tree.--A tree that does not meetportions of the unmerchantable (non- regional merchantability standards becausegrowing-stock) sections of trees cut or killed of excessive unsound cull.by logging.

Rough tree.--A tree that does not meet re-Merchantable sections.reSections of the gional merchantability standards because of

central stem of growing-stock trees that excessive sound cull. Includes noncommer-meet either pulpwood or saw-log specifica- cial tree species.tions.

Rotmdwood.mLogs, bolts, or other roundNet volume.--Gross volume less deductions sections cut from trees (including chips f_om

for rot, sweep, or other defects affecting use roundwood).for roundwood products.

Sapling.--A live tree between 1.0 and 5.0Noncommercial species._Tree species of inches d.b.h.

typically small size, poor form, or inferiorquality that normally do not develop into Sapling removals.--Net volume in saplingstrees suitable for industrial roundwood harvested for roundwood products.products.

Saw-log portion.--That portion of the centralNonforest land.--Land that has never sup- stem of sawtimber trees between the stump

ported forests, and land formerly forested and the saw-log top.where use for timber management is pre-cluded by development for other uses. Saw-log top.raThe point on the central stem of(Note: Includes areas used for crops, ira- sawtimber trees above which a saw logproved pasture, residential areas, city parks, cannot be produced. The minimum saw-logimproved roads of any width and adjoining top is 7.0 inches diameter outside barkclearings, powerline clearings of any width, (d.o.b.) for softwoods and 9.0 inches d.o.b.and 1- to 39.9-acre areas of water classified for hardwoods.

by the Bureau of the Census as land. Ifintermingled in forest areas, improved roads Sawtimber removals.--The net volume in theand nonforest strips must be more than 120 merchantable central stem of sawtlmberfeet wide and more than 1 acre to qualify as trees harvested for roundwood products.nonforest land.) (Note: Includes the saw-log and upper-stem

portions of sawtimber trees.)Nonforest land removals.--Net volume of

trees on nonforest lands harvested for Sawtimber tree.--A growing-stock tree con-roundwood products, taining at least a 12-foot saw log or two

noncontiguous saw logs 8 feet or longer, andNontimberland.--The same as nonforest land meeting regional specifications for freedom

in this report, from defect. Softwoods must be at least 9.0inches d.b.h, and hardwoods must be at

Poleti_mber.--A growing-stock tree at least 5.0 least 11.0 inches d.b.h.inches d.b.h, but smaller than sawtimber

size (9.0 inches d.b.h, for softwoods, 11.0 Secondary wood-using mtlls._Mills receivinginches d.b.h, for hardwoods), primary wood products for manufacture into

secondary wood products (furniture, cabi-nets, etc.).

10

Softwoods.--Coniferous trees, usually ever- Boxelder .................................... Acer negundogreen, having needles or scale-like leaves. Catalpa

Northern catalpa ................ Catalpa speciosaTree.mA woody plant usually having one or Cherry

more perennial stems, a more or less deft- Black cherry ......................... Pmnus serotinanitely formed crown of foliage, and a height Choke cherry ..................... Prunus virginianaof at least 12 feet at maturity. Cottonwood

Eastern cottonwood ............ Populus cleltoides

Timberland.--Forest land that is producing, Elmor is capable of producing, in excess of 20 Winged elm ................................ U/mus alatacubic feet per acre per year of industrial American elm ..................... U/mus americanaroundwood products under natural condi- Siberian elm ............................ U/mus pumila

tions, is not withdrawn from timber utiliza- Slippery elm .............................. Ulmus rubration by statute or administrative regulation, Rock elm ............................... Ulmus thomasiiand is not associated with urban or rural Hackberry ........................... Celtis occidentalisdevelopment. In this report, all forest land Hickoryremovals were assumed to be timberland Bitternut hickory ............... Carya cordiformisremovals. Pignut hickory .......................... Carya glabra

Shellbark hickory .................. Carya IacinosaUpper stem portion.--That portion of the Shagbark hickory ...................... Carya ovata

central stem of sawtimber trees between the Mockernut hickory ............. Carya tomentosasaw-log top and the minimum top diameter Locustof 4.0 inches outside bark or to the point Honeylocust .................. Gleditsia triacanthoswhere the central stem breaks into limbs. Black locust ................ Robinia pseudoacacia

MapleWood residues.--Includes woody material Black maple ............................... Acer nigrum

(bark, coarse, fine, etc.) generated at primary Red maple ................................. Acer rubrumwood-using mills, woody material (sawdust, Silver maple ...................... Acer saccharinumscrap, trim, wood flour, etc.) generated at Sugar maple ......................... Acer saccharumsecondary wood-using plants, and waste Mulberrysecondary wood products. White mulberry ........................... Morus alba

Red mulberry ............................. Morus rubraSPECIES GROUPS, COMMON AND Oak

SCIENTIFIC NAMES OF TREE Red oak

SPECIES MENTIONED Scarlet oak ....................... Quercus coccineaNorthern pin oak ......... Quercus ellipsoidalis

SOFTWOODS Southern red oak ............... QuercusfalcataCedar Cherrybark oak .................. QuercusfaIcata

Eastern redcedar ........... Juniperus virginiana var. pagodifoliaPine Shingle oak ................... Quercus imbricaria

Jack pine ........................... Pinus banksiana Blackjack oak .............. Quercus mariIandicaShortleaf pine ........................ Pinus echinata Pin oak ............................ Quercus palustrisRed pine ................................. Pinus resinosa Northern red oak .................. Quercus rubraWhite pine ............................... Pinus strobus Shumard oak ................ Quercus shumardiiScotch pine .......................... Pinus sylvestris Black oak .......................... Quercus velutinaVirginia pine ........................ Pinus virginiana White oak

HARDWOODS White oak ............................... Quercus albaApple ............................................. Malus spp. Swamp white oak ................ Quercus bicolor

Ash Overcup oak ......................... Quercus lyrataWhite ash ....................... Fraxinus americana Bur oak ....................... Quercus macrocarpaBlack ash ............................... Fraxinus nigra Swamp chestnut oak ...... Quercus michauxiiGreen ash ................ Fraxinus pennsylvanica Chinkapin oak ......... Quercus muehlenbergiiBlue ash .................. Fraxinus quadrangulata Chestnut oak ...................... Quercus prinus

Beech .................................. Fagus grandijblia Post oak ............................ Quercus stellataBirch Pecan .................................... Carya illinoensis

Yellow birch ................. Betula alleghaniensis Sassafras ........................... Sassafras albidumRiver birch ................................. Betula nigra Smoketree ............................ Cotinus obovatus

Paper birch ........................ Betula papyrifera 11

Walnut Table 10.--Residential consumption of pur-

Black walnut ........................... Juglans nigra chased fuelwood by size of wood,Willow Indiana, 1996

Black willow ................................. Salix nigraYellow poplar ................. Liriodendron tulipifera Table 11.wResidential fuelwood production

from roundwood by Forest SurveyTABLE TITLES Unit and source of material, Indi-

ana, 1996

Table 1.--Household possession and use ofwood-burning facilities by Forest Table 12.--Residential fuelwood productionSurvey Unit, Indiana, 1996 from roundwood by species group

and source of material, Indiana,

Table 2.--Residential fuelwood consumption 1996by Forest Survey Unit and reason forburning, Indiana, 1996 Table 13.--Residential fuelwood production

from roundwood by species groupTable 3.wResidential fuelwood consumption and Forest Survey Unit, Indiana,

by Forest Survey Unit and wood- 1996burning facility, Indiana, 1996

Table 14.wResidential fuelwood production

Table 4.wResidential fuelwood consumption from roundwood by species groupby wood-burning facility and reason and ownership class, Indiana,for burning, Indiana, 1996 1996

Table 5.--Residential fuelwood consumption Table 15.--Residential fuelwood productionby reason for burning and year first from roundwood by ownershipburned wood, Indiana, 1996 class and source of material,

Indiana, 1996

Table 6.--Residential fuelwood consumptionby Forest Survey Unit and place of Table 16.--Distribution of timber removalsconsumption, Indiana, 1996 associated with residential

fuelwood production by ForestTable 7.--Residential fuelwood consumption Survey Unit, Indiana, 1996

by Forest Survey Unit and type offuelwood, Indiana, 1996 Table 17.--Distribution of timber removals

associated with residential

Table 8.--Residential fuelwood consumption fuelwood production by species

by species group and Forest Survey group, Indiana, 1996Unit, Indiana, 1996

Table 9.--Residential fuelwood consumptionby Forest Survey Unit and procure-ment method, Indiana, 1996

12

Table

1.--

Hous

ehold

poss

essio

nan

dus

eof

wood

-bur

ning

facilit

iesby

Fore

stSu

rvey

Unit,

Indian

a,19

96

(innu

mbe

rof

hous

ehold

s)

ra

Hous

ehol

dsHo

useh

olds

Hou

seho

lds

with

Hou

seho

lds

plan

ning

topl

anni

ngto

woo

d-bu

rnin

gbu

rnin

gw

ood

burn

woo

din

stal

lw

ood-

For

est

Sur

vey

Uni

tH

ouse

hold

sfa

cilit

ies

in19

96i_

faci

litie

sL

ow

erW

ab

ash

21

3,4

44

61

,27

92

4,5

23

32

,85

11

2,7

50

Knobs

238,4

91

90,9

70

69,8

92

67,9

39

1,3

50

Upla

nd

Fla

ts65,6

44

21,5

93

18,8

94

18

,89

42

,69

9N

ort

hern

1,5

47

,77

64

29

,25

32

88

,97

42

75

,76

33

9,6

86

Tota

l2,0

65,3

55

603,0

95

402,2

83

395,4

47

56,4

85

Table 2. -- Residential fuelwood consumption by Forest Survey Unitand reason for burning, Indiana, 1996

AverageForest Survey Unit Number of Volume (Cords/and reason for burning households (Cords) .......................household)Lower Wabash

Pleasure 11,027 2,831 0.26

Primaryheat 4,049 41,271 10.194 Secondaryheat 9,447 13,552 1.43

Total 24,523 57,653 2.35.......................... L ,_I, J JJt _!LJ!IL.L JJ: LIt--,,.k _

KnobsPleasure 20,474 4,482 0.22Primary heat 16,195 80,079 4.94Secondaryheat 33,224 61,314 1.85

Total 69,892 145,875 2.09.................................................................

Upland FlatsPleasure 4,049 2,915 0.72Primaryheat 6,748 37,787 5.60Secondary heat 8,097 13,507 1.67

Total 18,894 54,209 2.87Northern

Pleasure 180,284 65,956 0.37Primaryheat 24,523 81,106 3.31Secondary heat 84,167 106,389 1.26

Total 288,974 253,451 0.88i i t JL [ I .

All Units

Pleasure 215,834 76,184 0.35Primary heat 51,514 240,243 4.66Secondary heat 134,935 194,762 1.44

Total 402,283 511,189 1.27............ t ........ L,

= 14"i

i!:i

Table 3. -- Residential fuelwood consumption by Forest Survey Unitand wood-burning facility, Indiana, 1996

ForestSurveyUnit Averageand wood-burning Number of Volume (Cords/

facility households .(Cords) household)Lower Wabash

Stove 10,423 22,990 2.21Furnace 1,350 26,993 20.00Fireplace insert 1,350 2,699 2.00Fireplace 6,375 3,172 0.50

_ Firepit 3,676 1,179 0.32Combinations 1,350 621 0.46

] Total 24,523 57,653 2.35,,::_ ............

KnobsStove 26,849 70,759 2.64Furnace 9,074 34,369 3.79Fireplace insert 8,097 17,669 2.18Fireplace 20,474 6,763 0.33Combinations 5,398 16,315 3.02

Total 69,892 145,875 2.09i i,iii.... ..

Upland FlatsStove 8,097 25,311 3.13Furnace 1,350 10,797 8.00Fireplaceinsert 1,350 450 0.33Fireplace 4,049 2,915 0.72Combinations 4,049 14,737 3.64

Total 18,894 54,209 2.87- _ .........

NorthernStove 53,324 93,169 1.75Furnace 11773 46,587 3.96Fireplace insert 15 306 18,045 1.18Fireplace 173909 65,774 0.38Firepit 25960 8,062 0.31Combinations 8 701 21,814 2.51

Total 288,974 253,451 0.88

i AllUnitsStove 98,694 212,228 2.15

Furnace 23,546 118,746 5.04Fireplace insert 26,103 38,863 1.49Fireplace 204,807 78,624 0.38Firepit 29,636 9,241 0.31Combinations 19,497 53,487 2.74

Total 402,283 511,189 1.27i ii

15

Ob

Table

4.--

Resid

entia

lfue

lwoo

dco

nsum

ption

bywo

od-b

urnin

gfac

ility

and

reas

onfor

burn

ing,

Indian

a,19

96

Reas

onfor

burni

n_l

Allr

ea

so

ns

Ple

asu

re_

he

at

_h

ea

t

Woo

d-bu

rnin

gN

umbe

rof

Vol

ume

Num

bero

fV

olum

eN

umbe

rof

Vol

ume

Num

ber

ofV

olum

e__

faci

lity

hous

ehol

ds/C

ords

)ho

useh

olds

(Cor

ds)

hous

ehol

ds__

__C

ords

)ho

useh

olds

(Cor

ds_

Sto

ve98,6

94

212,2

28

11

027

5,7

39

26,6

18

97,3

22

61,0

49

109,1

68

Furn

ace

23,5

46

1!8,7

46

2326

775

13,1

23

99,8

46

8,0

97

18,1

24

Fire

pla

cein

sert

26

,10

33

8,8

63

50

25

3,0

28

1,3

50

5,8

48

19

,72

82

9,9

88

Fire

pla

ce2

04

,80

77

8,6

24

16

279

45

5,2

63

2,3

26

3,4

89

39

,68

61

9,8

72

Firep

it2

9,6

36

9,2

41

296

36

9,2

41

....

....

Co

mb

ina

tion

s1

9,4

97

53

,48

75

02

52

,13

88

,09

73

3,7

_3

.8

6,3

75

17

,61

0

Tot

al40

2,28

3,,,0

r,,.

r51

1,18

921

583

476

,184

51,5

1424

0,24

313

4,93

519

4,76

2

Tab

le5.

--R

esid

entia

lfuel

woo

dcon

sum

ptio

nbyre

ason

forb

urni

ngan

dye

arfir

stbu

rned

woo

d,in

dian

a,t9

96

Re

aso

nfo

rbu

rnin

gA

vera

ge

and

year

first

Num

ber

ofV

olum

e(C

ords

/bu

rned

woo

dho

useh

olds

(,C

ords

hous

ehol

d

Pleas

ure Last

year

35,6

38!5

,549

0.44

2ye

ars

ago

20,9

35

6,0

39

0.2

93

years

ago

27,3

10

8,9

44

0.3

34

year

sag

o11

,027

4,74

20.

435

orm

ore

year

sag

o12

0,92

440

,910

0.34

Tota

l215,8

34

76,1

84

0.3

5

Prim

ary

heat

2ye

ars

ago

4,6

52

12,4

45

2.6

83

years

ago

1,3

50

11,2

45

8.3

35

orm

ore

year

sag

o45

,512

216,

553

4.76

Tot

al51

,514

240,

243

4.66

Seco

ndar

yhe

atL

asty

ea

r9

,67

74

,44

30

.46

2ye

ars

ago

7,35

15,

629

0.77

3ye

ars

ago

12,3

77

12,9

39

1.0

54

year

sag

o10

,050

6,85

70.

685

orm

ore

year

sag

o95

,479

164,

894

1.73

To

tal

13

4,9

35

19

4,7

62

1.4

4All

reaso

nsLast

year

45,3

15

19,9

92

0.4

42

year

sag

o32

,939

24,1

130.

733

years

ago

41,0

36

33,1

28

0.8

14

years

ago

2i,0

77

11,5

99

0.5

55

orm

ore

year

sag

o26

1,91

642

2,35

71.

61T

ota

l4

02

,28

35

11

,18

91

.27

..q

Go

Table

6.--

Resid

entia

lfue

lwoo

dco

nsum

ption

byFo

rest

Surve

yUn

itan

dpla

ceof

cons

umpti

on,

Indian

a,19

96_

Volum

eco

nsum

edm

r_

Fo

rest

Su

rve

yUn

itP

rim

ary

Se

con

da

ryO

the

rT

ota

lA

vera

ge

and

plac

eof

Num

ber

ofre

side

nce

resi

denc

ebu

ildin

gO

ther

1co

nsum

ptio

n(C

ords

/

_con

sum

ptio

nho

useh

olds

(Cor

ds)

(Cor

ds)

(Cor

ds)

(Cor

ds)

___

(Cor

ds)

hous

ehol

d)Lo

wer

Wab

ash

Prim

ary

resid

en

ce

23

,17

35

7,0

33

....

..5

7,0

33

2.4

6O

the

r11

,35

0..

....

62

16

21

0.4

6T

ota

l24,5

23

57,0

33

....

621

57,6

53

2.3

5irr

r

Knob

s Prim

ary

resi

de

nce

63

,89

01

41

,96

0..

....

14

1,9

60

2.2

2S

eco

nd

aryr

esid

en

ce

2,3

26

--7

75

....

77

50

.33

Oth

erb

uild

ing

3,6

76

....

3,1

41

--3

,14

10

.85

Tot

al69

,892

141,

960

775

3,14

1--

145,

875

2.09

Uplan

dFla

tsP

rim

ary

resid

ence

18,8

94

54,2

09

......

54,2

09

2.8

7T

ota

l18,8

94

54,2

09

....

..5

4,2

09

2.8

7No

rthern P

rim

ary

resi

dence

262,6

41

234,2

27

......

234,2

27

0.8

9O

the

rbu

ildin

g7

,35

1..

..6

,46

8--

6,4

68

0.8

8O

ther1

17,6

32

......

3,4

44

3,4

44

0.2

0C

om

bin

ation

1,3

50

8,3

81

--9

31

--9

,31

26

.90

Tota

l288,9

74

242,6

08

--7,3

99

3,4

44

253,4

51

0.8

8All

Units

Prim

ary

resi

denc

e36

8,59

848

7,42

8...

...48

7,42

81.

32S

econ

dary

resi

denc

e2,

326

--77

5...

.77

50.

33O

ther

build

ing

1i,0

27...

.9,

608

--9,

608

0.87

Oth

er1

18,9

82...

...4,

065

4,06

50.

2iC

ombi

natio

n1,

350

8,38

1--

931

--9,

3t2

6.90

Tot

al40

2,28

349

5,80

977

5!0

,539

4,06

551

1,18

91.

27

Cons

umed

atca

mps

ites.

Tab

le7.

--R

esid

entia

lfue

lwoo

dco

nsum

ptio

nby

For

estS

urve

yU

nita

ndty

peof

fuel

woo

d,Ind

iana,

1996

Volum

eco

nsum

ed

Fo

restS

urv

eyU

nit

Wo

od

To

tal

Ave

rag

ean

dty

peof

Num

ber

ofR

ound

woo

dre

sidu

esco

nsum

ptio

n(C

ords

/fu

elw

oo

dh

ou

seh

old

s(C

ord

s)(C

ord

s)(C

ord

s)h

ou

seh

old

)Lo

wer

Wab

ash

Rou

ndw

ood

23,1

7356

,358

--56

,358

2.43

Wo

od

resi

du

es

1,3

50

--1

,29

61

,29

60

.96

Tot

al24

,523

56,3

581,

296

57,6

532.

35Kn

obs R

ound

woo

d62

,541

135,

523

--13

5,52

32.

t7W

ood

resi

dues

2,32

6--

1515

0.01

Com

bin

atio

n5,0

25

5,5

29

4,8

09

10

,33

72

.06

To

tal

69

,89

21

41

,05

14

,82

41

45

,87

52

.09

Uplan

dFla

tsR

ou

nd

wo

od

14

,84

54

8,6

02

--4

8,6

02

3.2

7W

ood

resi

dues

1,35

0--

2,69

92,

699

2.00

Com

bina

tion

2,69

91,

724

_1,

184

2,90

81.

08T

otal

18,8

9450

,326

3,88

354

,209

2.87

North

ern Rou

ndw

ood

256,

639

244,

954

--24

4,95

40.

95W

ood

resi

dues

22,6

58--

2,19

32,

193

0.10

Com

bina

tion

......

......

....

9,67

72,

555

3,74

96,

304

0.65

Tota

l288,9

74

247,5

09

5,9

42

25

3,4

51

0.8

8All

Units

Roun

dw

ood

357,1

98

485,4

37

--4

85

,43

71

.36

Wood

resi

dues

27,6

83

--6,2

03

6,2

03

0.2

2C

ombi

natio

n.

17,4

029,

807

9,74

219

,550

1.12

To

tal

40

2,2

83

49

5,2

44

15

,94

55

11

,18

91

.27

O

Table

8.--

Resid

entia

lfu

elwoo

dco

nsum

ption

bysp

ecies

grou

pan

dFo

rest

Surv

eyUn

it,In

diana

,19

96

(inco

rds)

Fore

stSu

rvey

Unit

Spe

cies

grou

pA

llU

nits

Low

erW

abas

hK

nobs

Upl

and

Flat

sN

orth

ern

Softw

oods

Ce

da

r3

,59

9..

..1

24

3,4

75

Pin

e3

,18

3..

..1

,35

01

,83

3T

ota

lsoftw

oods

6,7

82

....

1,4

74

5,3

08

Hard

wood

s

Ma

ple

38

,07

93

19

1,8

58

--3

5,9

01

Bo

xe

lde

r1

,77

5..

....

1,7

75

Hic

kory

64,2

03

2,1

08

44,4

90

3,3

48

14,2

56

Cata

lpa

133

......

133

Ha

ckb

err

y1

,70

4..

....

1,7

04

Be

ech

4,8

35

31

94

,51

6..

..A

sh

83,3

31

21,9

00

20,5

40

12,9

75

27,9

t7L

ocu

st

14

,33

6..

..9

,62

64

,70

9W

aln

ut

8,5

68

--6

05

--7

,96

4Y

ello

wpopla

r1,8

44

319

1,5

25

....

Apple

321

......

321

Mu

lbe

rry

3,5

51

....

..3

,55

1C

ott

on

wo

od

2,2

19

....

..2

,21

9C

he

rry

16

,44

95

,26

4..

..1

1,t8

5O

ak

207,7

77

27,4

23

70,7

72

26,7

86

82,7

96

Willo

w148

......

148

Sassafr

as

20,1

65

--1,5

70

--18,5

94

Elm

34,9

69

......

34,9

69

Tot

alha

rdw

oods

504,

407

57,6

5314

5,87

552

,736

248,

143

All

spe

cie

s5

11

,18

95

7,6

53

14

5,8

75

54

,20

92

53

,45

1

Tab

le9.

--R

esid

entia

lfue

lwoo

dco

nsum

ptio

nby

For

estS

urve

yU

nit

and

proc

urem

ent

met

hod,

Indian

a,19

96

Fore

stS

urv

ey

Unit

Volu

me

Volu

me

Volu

me

Tota

lA

vera

ge

and

proc

urem

ent

Num

ber

ofpu

rcha

sed

cut

othe

r1co

nsum

ptio

n(C

ords

/

met

hod

hou.

._se

hold

s(C

ords

)(C

ords

)__..

......

.._(

Cor

ds)

(Cor

ds)

hous

ehol

d)Lo

wer

Wab

ash

Buy1

5,0

25

3,0

08

....

3,0

08

0.6

0C

ut

18,1

48

--53,0

87

--53,0

87

2.9

3

Cuta

ndbuy1

1,3

50

779

.....

779

--1,5

59

1.1

6T

ota

l2

4,5

23

3,7

87

53

,86

6--

57

,65

32

.35

Knob

s Buy

120

,847

40,4

49--

2,02

442

,474

2.04

Cut

33,9

70

--73,9

04

--73,9

04

2.1

8

Cut

and

buy_

15,0

7613

,296

12,9

52.3

,250

......

.....29

_:49

8_i

.96

Tota

l69,8

92

53,7

45

86,8

56

5,2

74

145,8

75

2.0

9l1

111[

+im

lr'i/

i

Uplan

dFla

tsB

uy1

6,7

48

15,2

95

--1,2

42

16,5

37

2.4

5C

ut9,

447

--34

,764

--34

,764

3.68

Cuta

nd

buy1

2,6

99

405

1,3

34

1,1

69

2,9

08

t.08

To

tal

18

,89

41

5,7

00

36

,09

92

,41

15

4,2

09

2.8

7

North

ern

Buy

_11

3,66

134

,653

--15

,338

49,9

920.

44C

ut

133,3

01

--165,0

97

--t6

5,0

97

i.2

4C

utan

dbu

y_

42,0

1210

,473

._22,

624

5,26

_5_+

38,3

620.

9tT

ota

l2

88

,97

44

5,1

26

18

7,7

21

20

,60

42

53

,45

10

.88

AllUn

itsB

uy1

14

6,2

81

93

,40

6--

18

,60

41

12

,01

00

.77

Cut

194,8

65

--326,8

52

--326,8

52

1.6

8C

uta

nd

buy1

61

,13

72

4,9

53

37

,69

09

,68

47

2,3

2_

7.7

I.1

8T

ota

l402,2

83

118,3

59

364,5

42

28,2

88

511,1

89

1.2

7

Includ

esgif

two

od,

free

wood

,lef

tover

wood

,etc

.

t,o t,,..a

i¸

Tab

le10

.--

Res

iden

tial

cons

umpt

ion

ofpu

rcha

sed

fuel

woo

dby

size

ofwo

od,

India

na,

t996

Aver

age

Siz

eofw

ood

Num

berof

Volu

me

(Cord

s/

_pur

chas

ed,,

_ho

useh

olds

(Cor

ds)

.....

hou_

seho

ld)"

16in

cht0

7,34

110

1,05

70.

942

4in

ch

6,3

75

9,6

82

1.5

24

foot

2,32

677

50.

33R

ando

mle

ngth

resi

dues

27,6

836,

263

0.23

Ra

nd

om

len

gth

rou

nd

wo

od

2,3

26

58

20

.25

_T

otal

......

....

146,

050

t18,

359

0.81

Tab

lei1

.--

Res

iden

tialf

uelw

ood

prod

uctio

nfr

omro

undw

ood

byF

ores

tSur

vey

Uni

tand

sour

ceof

mat

eria

i,Ind

iana,

1996

(Inco

rds)

Sourc

eoi'

mater

ial....

........

........

........

......

'......

......

....

.F

oie

stla

nd

Wind

brea

ks,

Citi

esan

dfe

ncer

ows,

Sta

ndin

gH

arve

stD

ead

Fore

stSu

rvey

Uni

tAl

lso

urce

svi

llage

sru

ral

yard

sliv

etre

es...

.res

idue

s...

...t_

[ees

Low

erW

abash

76,8

75

386

8,9

12

12,1

49

2,8

00

52,6

28

Knobs

109,9

80

871

20,1

53

13,5

77

15,0

02

60,3

78

Up

lan

dFla

ts5

9,0

15

--3

,42

11

8,4

49

3,3

80

33

,76

6N

ort

hern

276,7

94

32,7

65

30,6

62

18,7

19

24,7

27

169,9

21

To

tal

52

2,6

64

34

,02

26

3,1

48

62

,89

44

5,9

09

31

6,6

92

iH

im,,

,,....

......

.....

.

Table t2. -- Residential fuelwood production from roundwood by species group and source of material,Indiana, 1996

(In cords)

Source of materialForest land

Windbreaks,Cities and fencerows, Standing Harvest Dead

Spec!es group_ All _es :rural,yards live trees residues treesSoftwoods

Cedar 1,490 173 260 130 t40 786Pine 6,687 3,113 139 258 270 2,908

Total softwoods 8,178 3,286 398 388 411 3,694Hardwoods

Maple 29,934 5,992 6,305 2,287 8,366 6,984Boxelder 2,012 30 32 1,236 43 671Birch 8,144 76 569 ..... 7,500Hickory 50,719 4,016 2,955 5,890 1,364 36,493Pecan 448 53 396 ......Hackberry 1,297 152 1,145 ......Beech 6,452 28 1,064 1,24t 542 3,576Ash 60,184 401 4,356 t2,370 5,048 38,007Locust 16,752 598 236 8,756 -- 7,162Walnut 6,264 595 235 1,559 583 3,291Yellowpoplar 12,557 104 3,991 -- 1,085 7,377Apple 2,838 57 432 2,079 _- 270Mulberry 6,881 121 910 5,851 ....Cottonwood 2,056 4 122 1,263 21 646Cherry 20,613 1,992 3,660 3,872 -- 11,089Oak 219,816 10,377 30,217 13,852 28,446 136,924Willow 2,486 1,782 704 ......Sassafras 17,490 .... 2,235 -- 15,255Elm 47,415 4,266 5,384 13 -- 37,752Smoketree 128 92 36 ......

Total hardwoods 514,487 30,735 62,750 62,506 45,498 3t 2,998i, i i,i,i , L,ul I L,

All species , 522_664 34,022........ 63,i48 .... 62,894 45,909 316,69._2

24

Table t3, -- Residential fuelwood production from roundwood by species group andForest Survey Unit, Indiana, 1996

(in cords)

Forest .S.u....W..e!Unit

All Units Lower Wabash Knobs Up_andFlats NorthernSoftwoods

Cedar 1,490 309 876 305 1Pine ......................6_,687. _ -- 25 2 6,661

Totalsoftwoods 8,178 309 " 901 306 6,661Hardwoods

Maple 29,934 1,763 834 t,180 26,157Boxelder 2,012 -- 3 -- 2,009Birch 8,144 ...... 8,144Hickory 50,719 8,321 21,993 7,986 12,419Pecan 448 ...... 448

Hackberry 1,297 ...... 1,297Beech 6,452 942 3,930 782 798Ash 60,184 17,839 11,226 15,974 15,145Locust 16,752 1,957 3,164 8,178 3,453Walnut 6,264 491 136 127 5,510

Yellowpoplar 12,557 967 4,533 1,147 5,910Apple 2,838 ...... 2,838Mulberry 6,881 293 783 3,580 2,226Cottonwood 2,056 12 31 1 2,012Cherry 20,613 2,650 1,124 1,481 15,358Oak 219,816 37,910 60,689 17,675 103,542Willow 2,486 ...... 2,486Sassafras 17,490 3,419 630 597 12,843Elm 47,415 2 3 * 47,409

Smoketree 128 ...... .- -- 128

Total hardwoods 5i4,487 76,566 109,079 .58,709 270,133,522,664 76,875 109,980 59,015 276,794All species . ....... ,1,,

• Less than 1/2 cord.

25

Tab

le14

.--

Res

iden

tial

fuet

woo

dpr

oduc

tion

from

roun

dwoo

dby

spec

ies

grou

pan

dow

ners

hip

clas

s,In

dian

a.19

96

(Inco

rds)

........

........

:_-_::

:......

....

-..

....

....

..O

wn

ers

hip

cla

ss

All

Cou

nty/

Oth

er

_c!e

sgr

oup

owne

rshi

psS

tate

mun

icip

alpr

ivat

eSo

ftwoo

dsC

edar

1,4

90

....

t,4

90

Pin

e_

6,68

7_

----

6,68

7T

ota

lso

ftw

oo

ds

8,1

78

....

8,1

78

......

......

...!

ri

,,,,,

....il

lr

......

.._:

:--_

Hard

wood

s

Ma

ple

29

,93

44

13

62

9,8

57

Bo

xe

lde

r2

,01

22

12

,00

9B

irch

8,1

44

23

13

8,1

08

Hic

ko

ry5

0,7

19

18

18

50

,68

3P

ecan

448

--1

448

Ha

ckb

err

y1

,29

7--

21

,29

5B

eech

6,4

52

1*

6,4

51

Ash

60

,18

41

,09

91

95

9,0

67

Locu

st16

,752

33

!6,7

47

Waln

ut

6,2

64

85

6,2

51

Ye

llow

po

pla

r1

2,5

57

38

20

12

,49

9A

pple

2,8

38

11

2,8

36

Mu

lbe

rry

6,8

81

--1

6,8

80

Co

tto

nw

oo

d2

,05

62

22

,05

3

Cherr

y20,6

13

586

391

i9,6

35

Oak

219,8

16

4,6

86

3,1

25

212,0

05

Willo

w2,4

86

--3

2,4

83

Sassafr

as

17,4

90

39

2t

17,4

29

Elm

47

,41

51

15

77

47

,22

2S

moketr

ee

128

--*

128

Tot

alha

rdw

oods

514,

487

6,66

23,

739

504,

085

_cie

s52

2,66

46,

662

3,73

951

2,26

3•

Less

than

1/2

cord

.

Table

15.

--Re

siden

tial

fuelw

ood

prod

uctio

nfro

mro

undw

ood

byow

ners

hipcla

ssan

dso

urce

ofm

ater

ial,

India

na,

1996

(Inco

rds)

Sour

ceof

mat

erial

Fore

stlan

d

Wind

brea

ks,

Citi

esan

dfe

ncer

ows,

Sta

ndin

gH

arve

stD

ead

Ow

ners

hip

clas

sAl

lso

urce

svi

llage

s...

......

.rur

alya

rds

......

..liv

etre

esre

sidu

estre

esS

tate

6,6

62

........

6,6

62

Cou

nty/

mun

icip

al3,

739

754

16

--2,

979

Oth

erpr

ivat

e51

2,26

333

,268

63,!

4762

,888

45,9

0930

7,05

tT

ota

l522,6

64

34,0

22

63,1

48

62,8

94

45,9

09

316,6

92

'-4

Tab

le16

.--

Dis

trib

utio

no

ftim

berr

emov

als

asso

ciat

edw

ithre

side

ntia

lfue

lwoo

dpr

oduc

tion

byF

ores

tSur

vey

Uni

t,tn

dian

a,19

96

(Intho

usan

dcu

bicfee

t)

Timbe

rland

remo

vals

,,,,,

Tot

alN

on-

Gro

win

g-st

ock

rem

oval

s,

Non

-gro

win

g-st

ock

rem

oval

stim

berla

ndtim

berla

ndT

otal

For

estS

urve

yU

nit

Saw

timbe

rP

olet

imbe

rT

otal

Lim

bwoo

dS

aplin

gC

ullt

rees

Dea

dtr

ees

Tot

alre

mov

als

rem

oval

sR

emov

als

Lo

we

rWa

ba

sh

35

02

40

59

03

27

41

22

3,6

89

4,1

41

4,7

30

...."_

51

5,3

81

Knobs

551

335

887

910

9168

4,2

53

5,3

40

6,2

27

1,4

72

7,6

99

Up

lan

dFla

ts5

20

35

98

78

45

65

18

32

,37

03

,01

33

,89

22

39

4,1

31

Nort

hern

761

447

1,2

09

1,4

40

14

334

11,9

39

13,7

27

14,9

36

4,4

40

19,3

76

To

tal

2,1

83

1,3

81

3,5

63

3,1

32

31

80

72

2,2

51

26

,22

12

9,7

85

6,8

02

36

,58

6

Table

17.

--Di

stribu

tion

oftim

ber

remo

vals

asso

ciated

with

resid

entia

lfue

twoo

dpr

oduc

tion

bysp

ecies

grou

p,Ind

iana,

1996

(Intho

usan

dcu

bicfee

t)

Tim

berla

ndre

mov

als

Tot

alN

on-

.....

G(o

win

g-st

ock

rem

oval

sN

on-g

row

ing-

stoc

kre

mov

als

timbe

rland

timbe

rland

Tot

alSp

ecie

sgr

oup

Sawt

imbe

rPo

letim

ber

Tota

l,,_

.L_

'imb-

woO

do...

......

......

.Sap

ling

Cull

trees

Dead

trees

Tota

lre

mov

als

rem

oval

sRe

mov

als

Softw

oods

Ced

ar5

38

9*

255

6674

3010

4

Pin

e10

617

17*

320

422

424

122

846

8

Tot

also

ftwoo

ds16

925

25*

525

929

031

525

857

2

Hard

wood

s

Maple

172

90

261

421

444

504

973

1,2

35

861

2,0

95

Box

elde

r32

2355

22*

1247

8113

64

141

Birch

....

....

....

52

55

25

52

54

55

70

Hic

ko

ry1

70

11

62

86

15

92

59

2,5

57

2,7

76

3,0

62

48

83

,55

0P

ecan

..................

31

31

Ha

ckb

err

y..

....

....

....

....

91

91

Bee

ch39

2665

45*

1325

131

037

576

452

Ash

386

256

642

433

4130

2,6

70

3,2

37

3,8

80

333

4,2

13

Lo

cu

st

22

51

61

38

61

43

28

25

01

72

81

,!!4

58

1,1

73

Wa

lnu

t4

83

28

05

21

t62

31

30

03

80

58

43

9

Yel

low

popl

ar15

621

50*

35t

857

259

228

787

9

Apple

......

34

*111

19

164

164

34

199

152

410

72

482

Mu

lbe

rry

15

01

08

25

89

51

55

--._

.C

ottonw

ood

33

23

56

22

12

45

79

135

9144

o<C

herr

y10

071

171

631

3677

687

71,

047

396

1,44

3O

ak

740

417

1157

1,5

31

14

207

9,6

36

11,3

88

12,5

46

2,8

42

15,3

87

Z

Willo

w..

....

....

....

....

17

41

74

2,

Sassafr

as

57

4t

99

36

21

1,0

68

1,1

26

1,2

24

--1,2

24

_.

Elm

12,6

43

2,6

43

2,6

44

676

3,3

19

....

99

Sm

oket

ree

......

......

..o

Tota

lhard

woods

2,1

67

1,3

71

3,5

38

3,1

07

31

802

21,9

92

25,9

32

29,4

70

_6,5

44

36,0

14

r,,.r

•

-_A

Il_ec

ies

2,18

3,1,

381

,,,,

3,56

3,,.

,3,

132

,.31

807.

22,2

51_.

,_26

'221

29,7

85,

6,80

236

,586

•Le

ssth

an1/

2co

rd'

i,J bO _O

The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in its

programs on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, disability,po,litical beliefs, and marital or familial status. (Notalt prohibited bases apply to allprograms.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means of communicationof program information (braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) shouldcontact the USDAOffice of Communicationsat (202t 720-2791.

To file acomplaint, write the Secretary of Agriculture, U.S. Departmentof Agriculture,Washington, DC 20250, or call 1-800-245-6340(voice), or202-720-1127(TDD).USDA is an equal employment opportunity employer.

Printed on recyclable paper.

May, Dennis M.; Settle, Jeff; Benjamin, Tamara.1997. Residential fuelwood consumption mad production in Indi-

aria, 1996. Resour. Bull. NC-188. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department ofAgriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station.29 p.

Reports findings of the latest survey of residential fuelwoodconsumption and production in Indiana. Topics examined includethe geographic distribution of residential fuelwood consumption andproduction within the State; the species of trees used for residentialfuelwood; the types of wood-burning facilities used; the reasons forburning fuelwood; and the land, ownership, and tree classes fromwhich fuelwood was produced.

KEY WORDS: Fireplace, firewood, harvest, households, roundwood,wood stove.