Italy: Dictatorships and the Second World War, 1919-1945

Pages 886-920

Lecture 1-Conservative Authoritarianism and Radical

Totalitarian Dictatorships• Fascist Governments

Conservative Authoritarianism and Radical Totalitarian Dictatorships

• Totalitarianism

Communism and Fascism

• Race and Eugenics

Unified?

• Ummmmm….no

• Unemployment and inflation high

• Radical workers and peasants seized and occupied factories

• Citizens still tied to local areas

Benito Mussolini

• 1882-1945

• Who was he?!?

• Radical combination of nationalism and socialism

• 1920 – followed fascism to gain support

• Led the Red Shirts

Mussolini and Fascism in Italy

• The Seizure of Power

Mussolini and Fascism in Italy

• The Matteotti Murder and its Aftermath

1922• Victor Emanuel III appointed Mussolini Prime

Minister• Majority control of Parliament• Gov’t ruled by decree• Abolished freedom of press• Disbanded labor unions• Took control of public education• Worked with elite who controlled the army,

economy, state

Mussolini and Fascism in Italy

• The Lateran Agreement (1929)

Mussolini and Fascism in Italy

• Strong use of Propaganda

• Anti-Jewish laws

The Spanish Civil War: 1936 - 1939

The Spanish Civil War: 1936 - 1939

Francisco Franco

The Spanish Civil War:A Dress Rehearsal for WW II?

The Spanish Civil War:A Dress Rehearsal for WW II?

Italian troops in Madrid

“Guernica” by Pablo Picasso

“Guernica” by Pablo Picasso