ITALYITALYBy EleanorBy Eleanor

44thth Class Class

Map of ItalyMap of Italy RIVER PO

RIVER TIBER

ISLAND OF SICILY

SARDINIA

THE ALPS

THE APENNINES

LOCATIONLOCATIONItaly is located in Italy is located in

Southern Europe, on Southern Europe, on a peninsula that a peninsula that extends out into the extends out into the central Mediterranean central Mediterranean Sea, northeast of Sea, northeast of Tunisia. It stands out Tunisia. It stands out distinctively like a distinctively like a large boot on the large boot on the map.map.

Countries surrounding Italy Countries surrounding Italy include: France, include: France, Switzerland, Austria & Switzerland, Austria & Slovenia.Slovenia.

POPULATION OF ITALYPOPULATION OF ITALY

THE POPULATION IS THE POPULATION IS ESTIMATED AROUND ESTIMATED AROUND 60.6 MILLION60.6 MILLION

THE CAPITAL OF ITALYTHE CAPITAL OF ITALY Rome is now the capital city of Italy. Rome is now the capital city of Italy.

2,000 years ago it was the Roman empire. Twin boys 2,000 years ago it was the Roman empire. Twin boys Romulus and Remus were the sons of Mars (the Romulus and Remus were the sons of Mars (the Roman god of war). Years later the twin sons fought Roman god of war). Years later the twin sons fought over Rome. Romulus killed Remus and Romulus won over Rome. Romulus killed Remus and Romulus won Rome.Rome.

It was once the most important city in the It was once the most important city in the world. The ancient Romans had an advanced world. The ancient Romans had an advanced system of law and government. They built system of law and government. They built stone roads throughout their empire and stone roads throughout their empire and some houses even had a type of central some houses even had a type of central heating.heating.

Other Cities Other Cities

RomeRome

FlorenceFlorence

MilanMilan

NaplesNaples

TurinTurin

MILANMILANThe city was founded by the Insubres, a Celtic people. Milan was The city was founded by the Insubres, a Celtic people. Milan was

later captured by the Romans in 222 BC, and later was the later captured by the Romans in 222 BC, and later was the capital city of the Western Roman Empire from 286 until 402 capital city of the Western Roman Empire from 286 until 402 AD. Milan became one of the most prosperous Italian cities AD. Milan became one of the most prosperous Italian cities during the High Middle Ages, playing a primary role in the during the High Middle Ages, playing a primary role in the Lombard League. Later Milan became the capital city of the Lombard League. Later Milan became the capital city of the Duchy of Milan, being ruled by the Visconti, the Sforza, the Duchy of Milan, being ruled by the Visconti, the Sforza, the Spanish and the Austrians. In 1796, Milan was conquered by the Spanish and the Austrians. In 1796, Milan was conquered by the French troops of Napoleon I, who made it the capital of the French troops of Napoleon I, who made it the capital of the puppet state of the Kingdom of Italy in 1805.Later Milan puppet state of the Kingdom of Italy in 1805.Later Milan became the capital city of the Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia, became the capital city of the Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia, which was part of the Austrian Empire. In 1859 the city was which was part of the Austrian Empire. In 1859 the city was unified with the Kingdom of Sardinia, which later became the unified with the Kingdom of Sardinia, which later became the Kingdom of Italy. During the Romantic period, Milan was a Kingdom of Italy. During the Romantic period, Milan was a major cultural centre in Europe, attracting several artists, major cultural centre in Europe, attracting several artists, composers and important literary figures. Later, during World composers and important literary figures. Later, during World War II, the city was badly affected by Allied bombings, and after War II, the city was badly affected by Allied bombings, and after German occupation in 1943, Milan became the main hub of the German occupation in 1943, Milan became the main hub of the Italian resistance. Despite this, Milan saw a post-war economic Italian resistance. Despite this, Milan saw a post-war economic growth, attracting thousands of immigrants from Southern Italy growth, attracting thousands of immigrants from Southern Italy and abroad. and abroad.

CurrencyCurrency

The currency in Italy is The currency in Italy is just the same as in just the same as in Ireland – euro and Ireland – euro and cent.cent.

LANGUAGELANGUAGE

Italian is the official language of Italy and 93% of Italian is the official language of Italy and 93% of the population are native Italian speakers. the population are native Italian speakers. Around 50% of the population speak a regional Around 50% of the population speak a regional dialect as the mother tongue.dialect as the mother tongue.

Here are some basic words:Here are some basic words: SSÌ = yes Ì = yes no = nono = no grazie = thanksgrazie = thanks io non parlo italiano = I don’t speak Italianio non parlo italiano = I don’t speak Italian ciao = hellociao = hello

RELIGIONRELIGION

The main religion in Italy The main religion in Italy today is Roman today is Roman Catholicism. Catholicism.

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THE THE CLIMATECLIMATE OFOF ITALYITALY

Most of Italy has a Most of Italy has a Mediterranean type of Mediterranean type of climate, which has climate, which has cool, rainy winters cool, rainy winters and hot, dry summersand hot, dry summers.. Winter temperatures Winter temperatures along and near the along and near the coasts of southern coasts of southern Italy seldomItaly seldom drop to drop to freezing in winter and freezing in winter and summer temperatures summer temperatures often reach 90often reach 90°F °F (32°C) of higher(32°C) of higher. .

VOLCANOESVOLCANOES

MOUNT ETNAMOUNT ETNAMOUNT MOUNT

VESUVIUSVESUVIUS

MOUNT ETNAMOUNT ETNA

Mount Etna is Europe’s Mount Etna is Europe’s highest and most active highest and most active volcano. Towering above volcano. Towering above the city Catania on the the city Catania on the island of Sicily , it has island of Sicily , it has been growing for about been growing for about 500, 000 years and is in 500, 000 years and is in the midst of a series of the midst of a series of eruptions that began in eruptions that began in 2001. It has experienced 2001. It has experienced a variety of eruption a variety of eruption styles , including violent styles , including violent explosions and explosions and voluminous lava flows.voluminous lava flows.

FOOD & FARMINGFOOD & FARMING

Northern Italy’s Po Valley provides good Northern Italy’s Po Valley provides good farm land for rice, wheat and other farm land for rice, wheat and other grains. grains.

Southern Italy grows fruit, olives and Southern Italy grows fruit, olives and tomatoes, where irrigation is possible.tomatoes, where irrigation is possible.

ITALIAN FOODITALIAN FOOD

11.Spaghetti.Spaghetti

2.2.OlivesOlives

3.3.PastaPasta

4.4.PizzaPizza

Transport in ItalyTransport in Italy

The Italians are not that different to us The Italians are not that different to us when it comes to transport. They use when it comes to transport. They use cars, trains, buses, boats etc. but not in cars, trains, buses, boats etc. but not in Venice; they have to use boats because Venice; they have to use boats because their city is built on water.their city is built on water.

TOURIST ATTRACTIONSTOURIST ATTRACTIONS

THE COLOSSEUMTHE COLOSSEUM THE VATICANTHE VATICAN LEANING TOWER OF PISALEANING TOWER OF PISA

THE COLOSSUEM IN ROMETHE COLOSSUEM IN ROMEFACTSFACTS

BUILT 70 – 80 ADBUILT 70 – 80 AD

THE COLOSSEUM’S ORIGINAL LATIN NAME WAS THE COLOSSEUM’S ORIGINAL LATIN NAME WAS AMPHITHEATRUM FLAVIUM.AMPHITHEATRUM FLAVIUM.

IT WAS USED FOR GLADIATORIAL FIGHTS.IT WAS USED FOR GLADIATORIAL FIGHTS.

THE COLOSSEUM IS ONE OF ROME’S MOST POPULAR TOURIST THE COLOSSEUM IS ONE OF ROME’S MOST POPULAR TOURIST ATTRACTIONS.ATTRACTIONS.

THE LEANING TOWER OF THE LEANING TOWER OF PISAPISA

The Leaning Tower of Pisa The Leaning Tower of Pisa wasn’t supposed to lean at wasn’t supposed to lean at all. It was supposed to just all. It was supposed to just be the bell tower for the be the bell tower for the Cathedral of Pisa. It was to Cathedral of Pisa. It was to hold the bells that rang to tell hold the bells that rang to tell people when to come to people when to come to church. When they built it, in church. When they built it, in the Early Middle Ages, about the Early Middle Ages, about 1173 AD, nobody in Europe 1173 AD, nobody in Europe had been building anything had been building anything much for several hundred much for several hundred years and the architects were years and the architects were not really experienced.not really experienced.

FAMOUS PEOPLE FROM FAMOUS PEOPLE FROM ITALYITALY

LEONARDO DA VINCI – ARTIST, LEONARDO DA VINCI – ARTIST, INVENTORINVENTOR

GALILEO – MATHEMATICIAN, GALILEO – MATHEMATICIAN, ASTRONOMER & PHYSICISTASTRONOMER & PHYSICIST

GUGLIELMO – INVENTOR AND GUGLIELMO – INVENTOR AND PHYSICISTPHYSICIST

LEONARDO DA VINCILEONARDO DA VINCI

LEONARDO DA VINCI (1452-1519) WAS AN ITALIAN IVENTOR , LEONARDO DA VINCI (1452-1519) WAS AN ITALIAN IVENTOR , ARTSIST , ARCHITECT , AND SCIENTIST. DA VINCI HAD AN ARTSIST , ARCHITECT , AND SCIENTIST. DA VINCI HAD AN INTEREST IN ENGINEERING AND MADE DETAILED INTEREST IN ENGINEERING AND MADE DETAILED SKETCHES OF THE AERORPLANE , THE HELICOPTER (AND SKETCHES OF THE AERORPLANE , THE HELICOPTER (AND OTHER FLYING MACHINES), THE PARACHUTE , THE OTHER FLYING MACHINES), THE PARACHUTE , THE SUBMARINE , THE ARMOURED CAR , THE BALLISTA (A SUBMARINE , THE ARMOURED CAR , THE BALLISTA (A GIANT CROSSBOW), RAPID-FIRE GUNS , THE GIANT CROSSBOW), RAPID-FIRE GUNS , THE CENTRIFUGAL PUMP (DESIGNED TO DRAIN WET AREAS , CENTRIFUGAL PUMP (DESIGNED TO DRAIN WET AREAS , LIKE MARSHES), BALL BEARINGS,THE WORM GEAR (A SET LIKE MARSHES), BALL BEARINGS,THE WORM GEAR (A SET OF GEARS IN WHICH MANY TEETH MAKE CONTACT AT OF GEARS IN WHICH MANY TEETH MAKE CONTACT AT ONCE , REDUCING THE STRAIN OF TEETH , ALLOWING ONCE , REDUCING THE STRAIN OF TEETH , ALLOWING MORE PRSSURE TO BE PUT ON THE MECHANISM), AND MORE PRSSURE TO BE PUT ON THE MECHANISM), AND MANY OTHER INCREDIBLE IDEAS THAT WERE CENTURIES MANY OTHER INCREDIBLE IDEAS THAT WERE CENTURIES AHEAD OF DA VINCI’S TIMEAHEAD OF DA VINCI’S TIME..

LEONARDOS PAINTINGSLEONARDOS PAINTINGSThe Last Supper

Mona Lisa

Madonna and child

FACTS ABOUT ITALYFACTS ABOUT ITALY

Cars such as Fiat, Alfa Romeo, Ferrari and Lamborghini are Cars such as Fiat, Alfa Romeo, Ferrari and Lamborghini are Italian.Italian.

•The flag is green, white & red.The flag is green, white & red.•Italy is shaped like a boot.Italy is shaped like a boot.•It is famous for its pizza.It is famous for its pizza.•Pizza , Olives , Pasta & Spaghetti are all Pizza , Olives , Pasta & Spaghetti are all foods foods from Italy.from Italy.•The leaning tower was not supposed to The leaning tower was not supposed to lean, it lean, it was supposed be the bell tower for the was supposed be the bell tower for the Pisa Pisa cathedral.cathedral.•The capital city is Rome.The capital city is Rome.

ITALYITALY

Italy is a country in Southern Europe Italy is a country in Southern Europe and is about four times the size of and is about four times the size of Ireland. The population of Italy is 58 Ireland. The population of Italy is 58 million people and their official million people and their official language is Italian: Ciao (Hello) and language is Italian: Ciao (Hello) and Addio (Goodbye). The country has a Addio (Goodbye). The country has a Mediterranean climate which means Mediterranean climate which means that the summers are hot and dry that the summers are hot and dry and the winters are mild and damp.and the winters are mild and damp.

DID YOU KNOW?DID YOU KNOW?

The city of Venice is built on The city of Venice is built on water. Instead of roads there are water. Instead of roads there are canals and people travel by boat canals and people travel by boat instead of car! There are unusual instead of car! There are unusual boats called gondolas. They are boats called gondolas. They are all painted in black because of a all painted in black because of a law passed in 1562 to stop law passed in 1562 to stop people from wasting money on people from wasting money on paint!paint!