Italian political system
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ITALIAN POLITICAL SYSTEMJOHN LAWRENCE CARANDANG
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INTRODUCTION• Italy is a Parliamentary Republic.
• The Constitution of the Italian Republic was enacted by the Constituent Assembly on 22 December 1947 and had effect from 01 January 1948.
• Power is divided among the executive, the legislative and judicial branches.
• How did it happen?
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HISTORYA. The myth: Romulus and Remus
B. Roman Republic
A. A system based on annually elected magistrates and various representative assemblies
B. Constitution – sets separation of powersA. Attacked by Gauls and powerful Phoenician City-states of
CarthageB. Caesar’s assassination – brought political crises and
social unrest
C. Roman Empire
A. Augustus (Octavian : sole ruler of the Republic)B. Assume absolute powers monarchs
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HISTORY
D. Unification of City-states
E. Dictatorial Regime
F. Birth of the Republic
• Constitutional referendum to decide whether Italy should remain monarch or become a republic. (June 2, 1946; 54% voted for republic)
• Economic miracle: dramatic rise in the standard of living
G. 2nd Republic : 1994-present
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ITALIAN POLITICAL SYSTEMTHE CONSTITUTION ESTABLISHED A GOVERNMENT, WHICH WAS MADE UP OF A PRESIDENT, THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS HEADED BY A PRIME MINISTER, AND A PARLIAMENT WITH A SENATE AND A CHAMBER OF DEPUTIES.
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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ITALIAN GOVERNMENT BODIES.
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EXECUTIVE BRANCH
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PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC• Head of the State and represents national unity
• He is elected by the two chambers of Parliament in joint session for a period of seven years at the end of which he can be re-elected.
• He appoints the Prime Minister and five judges of the Constitutional Court.
• He can veto bills and send them to Parliament for a new inspection.
• He must be a native-born Italin citizen at least 50 years old.
• President Giorgio Napolitano
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IF THE PRESIDENT OF ITALY IS SICK, THE __________________________________ TAKES OVER THE JOB. IF THE PRESIDENT DIES, ____________________________________________.
COMPLETE THE SENTENCE
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IF THE PRESIDENT OF ITALY IS SICK, THE PRESIDENT OF THE ITALIAN SENATE TAKES OVER THE JOB. IF THE PRESIDENT DIES, A PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION IS HELD.
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• The executive power is exercised by the government under the direction of the Prime Minister, also called President of the Council of the Ministers.
• He is appointed by the President of the Republic and chooses his ministers.
• The government must be supported by a parliamentary majority.
• All the ministers are jointly responsible for the implementation of the country's laws and can propose new bills to Parliament.
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PRIME MINISTER AND CABINET
• decides a national policy and is the most important person in the Italian government.
• The prime minister is picked by the president, but can be voted out of office any time.
• Members of the cabinet are picked by the prime minister, and usually come from the members of Parliament.
• The president then appoints the members to the cabinet, and they are approved by Parliament. The Italian prime minister and the cabinet are officially called the government.
• Matteo Renzi
• president of the Council of Ministers
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LEGISLATIVE BRANCH
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• The legislative power is exercised by Parliament, which consists of two houses, whose members are elected directly by the people
• Both houses are elected for a maximum of five years, but they may be dissolved before the expiration of their normal term. All bills must be passed by both Houses before being turned into laws.
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POLITICAL PARTIES• a Centre-Left one known as Italy, Common Good - a
descendant of the Olive Tree coalition - which consists of seven parties and is led by Enrico Letta of the Democratic Party (PD)
• a Centre-Right one - a descendant of the Pole of Freedoms - which consists of eight parties and is led by Silvio Berlusconi of the People of Freedom (PdL)
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JUDICIAL BRANCH• Courts
• Judges of courts appoint rather than elect.
• The Italian judges get appointments during service exams.
• The President of the Parliament picks five of the judges from the constitution court, and 5 are by judges of other courts.
• The courts work under a national ministry for a justice panel of the judges.
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• The Constitutional Court of Italy is the country's supreme court
• It is composed of 15 judges: one-third appointed by the President, one-third elected by the Parliament, and one-third elected by the ordinary and administrative supreme courts.
• The Constitutional Court is a post-war innovation.
• The other senior court is the Court of Cassation.
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