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Italian Narrative and Poetry in the Nineteenth Century Module code: IT209 Providing Department: Italian Studies Part: Level I Number of credits: 20 Terms in which taught: Autumn and Spring Module convenor: Dr D. La Penna Pre-requisites: IT1001 or IT 1003 Co-requisites: None Modules excluded: None Current from: 2003-2004 Lecturers: Dr Daniela La Penna (Manzoni) Mr Chris Wagstaff (Leopardi) Prof David Robey (Verga) Outline content: The content is outlined both chronologically and thematically. Students will study Manzoni’s I Promessi Sposi (Autumn Term) and Verga’s Malavoglia and some of his short stories (Spring Term). Particular attention will be devoted to the issues involved in the development of the novel as a genre in the Italian cultural and social context of the nineteenth century and to the language used by both authors. They will also study Leopardi’s poetry and some of his philosophical prose writings, notably his satirical essays collected in the Operette Morali (Autumn Term). Contact hours Autumn Spring Summer Lectures 20 10 Tutorials/seminars Practicals Other contact (eg study visits)

Total Hours 20 10 Number of essays or assignments

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Other (eg major seminar paper)

Assessment: Coursework Students will write two essays of 2,000-3,000 words. The average of the two essays will form the student's assessment mark. This mark will be subject to scrutiny by a second internal examiner and by the external examiner where relevant. Essay deadlines Students are required to write one essay per term. Essays on Autumn Term work are due by 4 pm on Tuesday 11 January 2004. Essays on Spring Term work are due by 4 pm on Tuesday 26 April 2004. Please see the Department’s Second Year Handbook for the University’s rules on late submission of work.

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Essays must be submitted to Mrs Whyte’s office (Room 70). They must be on paper and in duplicate: word-processing is strongly recommended, but we cannot accept essays in electronic form. When handing in essays, students must also sign a submission form for this piece of work, declaring that this is all their own work (please see the Final Year Handbook for the University’s rules on plagiarism). Copies of this form are available in Room 70. Students should obtain a receipt for their essays. Erasmus / Socrates students will be notified separately about essay deadlines. Their essays should be given in to Mrs Lucy Hudson, Room 59. The students are reminded that the Department of Italian Studies cannot photocopy essays for students, or accept them in electronic form.

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Autumn Term 2004

Lecturer and Module convenor: Dr Daniela La Penna (d.lapenna@reading.ac.uk)

Italian Narrative and Poetry in the Nineteenth Century

Alessandro Manzoni’s I promessi sposi: Issues of Realism, Language and the Ideology of Romanticism

Wednesdays @ 12 Language Resource Centre Room 143

The students should have read I promessi sposi in English translation during the Summer vacations. The text: Alessandro Manzoni, I promessi sposi (any Italian edition available) Further non-compulsory readings: Sir Walter Scott, Waverley Id., The Bride of Lammermoor Id., Ivanhoe (any edition available)

Course breakdown Week 1

Introduction: Alessandro Manzoni. The Historical and Cultural Contexts. Manzoni’s Ideology between Enlightment and Liberal Catholicism.

Week 2

Alessandro Manzoni’s Ideas on Novel and Language and Their Relationship to I promessi sposi. Reading task: Dombroski, Robert S., “The Ideological Question in Manzoni”, Studies in Romanticism, 1981 Winter; 20(4): pp. 497-524.

Week 3

The Plot and the Structure (1): The Thresholds of the Novel. Authorial Voice(s) and the Function of Authorial Digressions. Reading Tasks: Barricelli, Jean Pierre, “Structure and Symbol in Manzoni's I promessi sposi”, PMLA: Publications of the Modern Language Association of America, 1972; 87: pp. 499-507. Chandler, S. Bernard, “The Author, the Material, and the Reader in I promessi sposi”, Annali d' Italianistica, 1985; 3: pp. 123-134. Lucente, Gregory L., “The Uses and the Ends of Discourse in I promessi sposi: Manzoni's Narrator, His Characters, and Their Author”, MLN, 1986 Jan.; 101(1): pp. 51-77.

Week 4

The Plot and the Structure (2): Question of Genre: Historical Novel? Realist Novel? Gothic Novel? English Models for I Promessi sposi.

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Reading tasks: Hart, Francis R., “The Fair Maid, Manzoni's Betrothed, and the Grounds of Waverley Criticism”, Nineteenth Century Fiction, 1963 Sept; 18(2): pp. 103-18. Jones, Verina, “Between History, Fairytale, and Gothic: The Journey in I promessi sposi”, IN Hanne, Michael (ed.), Literature and Travel, Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1994, pp. 9-21.

Week 5

The Plot and the Structure (3): History as Metaphor for the Present: The Ideological Uses of the Historical Setting. Reading tasks: Dombroski, Robert S., “The Seicento as Strategy: 'Providence' and the 'Bourgeois' in I promessi sposi”, Modern Language Notes, 1976, 91: pp. 80-100. LLanyi, Gabriel, “Plot Time and Rhythm in Manzoni's I promessi sposi”, MLN, 1978; 93: pp. 36-51.

Week 6

Lucia and Renzo. Symbolism and Psychology of the Main Protagonists Reading task: Jones, Verina R., “Towards a Reconstruction of Manzoni's Lucias”, The Italianist, 1987; 7: pp. 36-44.

Week 7

Figures of Evil: Don Rodrigo and la monaca di Monza Reading task: Pallotta, “Augustus Characterization through Understatement: A Study of Manzoni's Don Rodrigo”, Italica, 1981 Spring; 58(1): pp. 43-55.

Week 8

Figures of Redemption: Fra’ Cristoforo and L’Innominato Reading tasks: Chandler, S. Bernard, “The Innominato's Perception of Time in I Promessi Sposi”, Philological Quarterly, 1963; 42: pp. 548-57. Leddy, Annette, “The Conversion of Manzoni's l'Innominato or, the Repressed Catholic Consciousness of a Criminal”, Carte Italiane: A Journal of Italian Studies, 1980-1981; 2: pp. 27-41. Pallotta, Augustus, “Fra Cristoforo and Don Rodrigo: The Words that Wound”, Italica, 1990 Fall; 67(3): pp. 335-352

Week 9

The Old Church and The New Church: Don Abbondio and Federigo Borromeo Reading Task: Caserta, Ernesto G., “Morality and Poetry: Osservazioni sulla morale cattolica and I promessi sposi”, Romance Quarterly , 1985; 32(3): pp. 321-330. Chandler, S. B., “The Portrait of Federigo Borromeo in I Promessi sposi”, Philological Quarterly, 1965; 44: pp. 519-526.

Week 10

From Linguistic Experimentalism to the Tuscanisation of I promessi sposi.

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Essay Titles:

(1) Does I promessi sposi have more than one narrator? (2) Discuss Lucia’s and Renzo’s respective roles as ‘persecuted maiden’ and ‘questing hero’ in I

promessi sposi. 2,500-3,000 words On the Novel in general I. Watt, The Rise of the Novel, London: The Hogarth Press, 1987. MAIN-LIB CALL NUMBER: 823.5-WAT S. Pacifici, The Modern Italian Novel, Southern Illinois University Press, 1967. MAIN-LIB CALL NUMBER: On Theories of Narrative R. Jakobson, “Realism in art”, in Readings in Russian Poetics. Formalist and Structuralist Views, ed. by L. Matejka and K. Pomorska, Ann Arnor: Michigan University Press, 1978. MAIN-LIB CALL NUMBER: 891.714209-REA C. Segre, Le strutture e il tempo, Turin: Einaudi, 1974. MAIN-LIB CALL NUMBER: 809-SEG S. Rimmon-Kenan, Narrative Fiction, London: Methuen: 1983. MAIN-LIB CALL NUMBER: 808.3-RIM Gyorgy Lukacks, The Historical Novel, London : Merlin, 1962. MAIN-LIB CALL NUMBER: 809.3-LUK

Alessandro Manzoni’s works Manzoni, Alessandro, Tutte le opere, edited by A. Chiari and F. Ghisalberti, 7 vols., Milan: Mondadori, 1957-1970. MAIN-LIB CALL NUMBER: 853.72 Id., I promessi sposi, con un commento storico, estetico e filologico di Policarpo Petrocchi, Firenze: Le lettere, 1992. MAIN-LIB CALL NUMBER: 853.72 Poetry: Manzoni, Alessandro, Poesie prima della conversione, edited by Franco Gavazzeni, Torino: G. Einaudi, 1992. MAIN-LIB CALL NUMBER: 853.72 On Romanticism: Manzoni, Alessandro, Sul romanticismo: lettera al marchese Cesare d'Azeglio , Azzate: Otto/Novecento, 1993. MAIN-LIB CALL NUMBER: 853.72

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On the Novel as form and as a genre: Manzoni, Alessandro, Lettre à M.C*** : sur l'unité de temps et de lieu dans la tragédie , edited by Umberto Colombo, Brunello: Edizioni Otto/Novecento, 1981. MAIN-LIB CALL NUMBER: 853.72 The concordances of I promessi sposi: Giorgio De Rienzo, Egidio Del Boca, Sandro Orlando (eds.), Concordanze dei Promessi sposi, Milano : Fondazione Mondadori, 1985. 5 vols. MAIN-LIB CALL NUMBER 1)853.72-CON 1 2)853.72-CON 2 3)853.72-CON 3 4)853.72-CON 4 5)853.72-CON 5

Alessandro Manzoni’s Works in English Translation Manzoni, Alessandro, Two Plays, translated by Michael J. Curley, New York: P. Lang, 2002. MAIN-LIB CALL NUMBER: 853.72 Manzoni, Alessandro, The Betrothed, translated with an introduction by Bruce Penman, Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1972 (1983 printing). MAIN-LIB CALL NUMBER: 853.72 Reynolds, Barbara, Linguistic Writings of Alessandro Manzoni, 1950. MAIN-LIB CALL NUMBER: 853.72-REY Criticism in English: Colquhoun, Archibald, Manzoni and his Times: a Biography of the Author of The betrothed (I Promessi Sposi), Westport, Conn.: Hyperion, 1990. MAIN-LIB CALL NUMBER: 853.72-COL Godt, Clareece G., The Mobile Spectacle: Variable Perspective in Manzoni's I promessi sposi, New York: P. Lang, 1998. MAIN-LIB CALL NUMBER 853.72-GOD Jones, Verina, “Between History, Fairytale, and Gothic: The Journey in I promessi sposi”, IN Hanne, Michael (ed.), Literature and Travel, Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1994, pp. 9-21. MAIN-LIB CALL NUMBER: 809.93-LIT Sante Matteo and Larry H. Peer (edited by), The Reasonable Romantic: Essays on Alessandro Manzoni, New York: Peter Lang, 1986. MAIN-LIB CALL NUMBER: 853.72-REA Criticism in Italian: Bàrberi Squarotti, Giorgio, Romanzo contro la storia: studi sui "Promessi sposi", Milano: Vita e pensiero, 1980 (1984 printing). MAIN-LIB CALL NUMBER: 853.72-BAR Battaglia, S., Realismo dei Promessi sposi, 1963. MAIN-LIB CALL NUMBER: 853.72-BAT

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Cavallini, Giorgio, Saggio di dizionario fraseologico manzoniano, Roma: Bulzoni, 1975. MAIN-LIB CALL NUMBER: 853.72-CAV Eco Umberto, Leggere i Promessi sposi, analisi semiotiche, Milano: Bompiani, 1989. MAIN-LIB CALL NUMBER: 853.72-LEG Illiano, Antonio, Morfologia della narrazione manzoniana dal Fermo e Lucia ai Promessi sposi, Firenze: Cadmo, 1993. MAIN-LIB CALL NUMBER: 853.72-ILL Marchese, Angelo, Come sono fatti I promessi sposi: guida narratologica al romanzo, Milano : Mondadori, 1987. MAIN-LIB CALL NUMBER: 853.72-MAR Marchese, Angelo, L'enigma Manzoni: la spiritualità e l'arte di uno scrittore "negativo”, Roma: Bulzoni, 1994. MAIN-LIB CALL NUMBER: 853.72-MAR Miccinesi, Mario, Invito alla lettura di Alessandro Manzoni, Milano: Mursia, 1985. MAIN-LIB CALL NUMBER: 853.72-MIC Jones, Verina R., Le dark ladies Manzoniane e altri saggi sul Promessi sposi, Roma: Salerno, 1998. MAIN-LIB CALL NUMBER: 853.72-JON Paratore, E., Studi sui Promessi sposi, 1972. MAIN-LIB CALL NUMBER: 853.72-PAR Pautasso, Sergio, I promessi sposi: appunti e ipotesi di lettura, Milano: Arcipelago, 1988. MAIN-LIB CALL NUMBER: 853.72-PAU Rinaldi, Michele, L'arte di Alessandro Manzoni ne I promessi sposi, Napoli: Anima, Pensiero, 1979 MAIN-LIB CALL NUMBER: 853.72-RIN Sala Di Felice, Elena, Costruzione e stile nei Promessi sposi, Padova: Liviana, 1977. MAIN-LIB CALL NUMBER: 853.72-SAL Toscani, Claudio, Come leggere I promessi sposi di Alessandro Manzoni, Milano: Mursia, 1984. MAIN-LIB CALL NUMBER: 853.72-TOS Toschi, Luca, La sala rossa: biografia dei "Promessi sposi" , Torino: Bollati Boringhieri, 1989. MAIN-LIB CALL NUMBER: 853.72-TOS Varese, Claudio, “Melange e tempo nel Manzoni dalla 'Lettre a M. Chauvet' ai Promessi sposi”, IN Studi in memoria di Luigi Russo, Pisa: Nistri Lischi, 1974, pp. 234-47. MAIN-LIB LOCATION NUMBER: 850.9-STU

ARTICLES ON MANZONI'S I PROMESSI SPOSI The periodicals listed below are available on 1-day loan

Ambrose, Mary, “Error and the Abuse of Language in the Promessi sposi”, Modern Language Review, 1977, 72: pp. 62-72. MAIN-LIB CALL NUMBER: PER-- 805

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Barricelli, Jean Pierre, “Structure and Symbol in Manzoni's I promessi sposi”, PMLA: Publications of the Modern Language Association of America, 1972; 87: pp. 499-507. MAIN-LIB CALL NUMBER: PER-- Bonora, Ettore, “Genesi e significato di un personaggio: Geltrude”, Giornale Storico della Letteratu ra Italiana (GSLI). 1987; 104 (164)(525): pp. 34-56. MAIN-LIB CALL NUMBER: PER-– 850.5 Bottoni, Luciano, “La conversione di un 'Innominato'”, Lettere Italiane, 1986 July Sept.; 38(3): pp. 338-361. MAIN-LIB CALL NUMBER: PER—850.5 Carsaniga, Giovanni, “Questo matrimonio no s'ha da fare”, Italian Studies, 1987; 42: pp. 56-68. MAIN-LIB CALL NUMBER: PER—850.5 Caserta, Ernesto G., “Morality and Poetry: Osservazioni sulla morale cattolica and I promessi sposi”, Romance Quarterly , 1985; 32(3): pp. 321-330. MAIN-LIB CALL NUMBER: PER—879.905 Cavazza, Silvano, “La monaca di Monza e la grazia della filologia”, Belfagor: Rassegna di Varia Umanità, 1986 Nov. 30; 41(6): pp. 621-632. MAIN-LIB CALL NUMBER: PER-– 805 Chandler, S. B., “The Portrait of Federigo Borromeo in I Promessi sposi”, Philological Quarterly, 1965; 44: pp. 519-526. MAIN-LIB CALL NUMBER: PER—805 Chandler, S. Bernard, “Suffering and Practical Life in the Romantics and in Manzoni”, Quaderni d' Italianistica: Official Journal of the Canadian Society for Italian Studies, 1991 Spring; 12(1): pp. 47-54. MAIN-LIB CALL NUMBER: PER—850.5 Chandler, S. Bernard, “The Author, the Material, and the Reader in I promessi sposi”, Annali d' Italianistica, 1985; 3: pp. 123-134. MAIN-LIB CALL NUMBER: PER—850.5 Chandler, S. Bernard, “The Innominato's Perception of Time in I Promessi Sposi”, Philological Quarterly, 1963; 42: pp. 548-57. MAIN-LIB CALL NUMBER: PER—805 Chandler, S. Bernard, “The Motif of the Journey in the Eighteenth Century Novel in Scott and Manzoni”, Rivista di Studi Italiani, 1985 Dec.; 3(2): 1-10 MAIN-LIB CALL NUMBER: PER—850.5 Chandler,S., “Point of View in the Descriptions of I Promessi sposi”, Italica, 1966; 43: pp. 386-403. MAIN-LIB CALL NUMBER: PER—850.5 Chiappelli, Fredi, “Un centro di smistamento nella struttura narrativa dei Promessi sposi”, Lettere Italiane, 1968; 20: pp. 333 350. MAIN-LIB CALL NUMBER: PER—850.5 De Robertis, Domenico, “Sul titolo dei 'Promessi sposi'”, Lingua Nostra, 1986 June Sept; 47(2 3): pp. 33-37. MAIN-LIB CALL NUMBER: PER—450.5 Dombroski, Robert S., “Manzoni on the Italian Left”, Annali d' Italianistica, 1985; 3: pp. 97-110. MAIN-LIB CALL NUMBER: PER—850.5

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Dombroski, Robert S., “The Ideological Question in Manzoni”, Studies in Romanticism, 1981 Winter; 20(4): pp. 497-524. MAIN-LIB CALL NUMBER: PER—809.91 Dombroski, Robert S., “The Seicento as Strategy: 'Providence' and the 'Bourgeois' in I promessi sposi”, Modern Language Notes, 1976, 91: pp. 80-100. MAIN-LIB CALL NUMBER: PER—805 Ferlito, Susanna, “Fear of the Mother's Tongue: Secrecy and Gossip in Manzoni's I Promessi Sposi”, MLN, 1998 Jan; 113(1): pp. 30-51. MAIN-LIB CALL NUMBER: PER—805 Fido, Franco, “I promessi sposi come sottotesto in alcuni romanzi dell'Ottocento”, Italica, 1984 Summer; 61(2): pp. 96-107. MAIN-LIB CALL NUMBER: PER—850.5 Forni, Pier Massimo, Lucente, Gregory (rejoinder), “On Renzo's 'Baggianata', a Note to Gregory Lucente”, MLN, 1989 Jan.; 104(1): pp. 238-241. MAIN-LIB CALL NUMBER: PER—805 Getto,Giovanni, “Tempo creaturale e tempo provvidenziale nel XXVII dei Promessi sposi”, Lettere Italiane, 1963; 15: pp. 41-58. MAIN-LIB CALL NUMBER: PER—850.5 Girardi, Enzo Noè, “Carattere e destino del personaggio manzoniano: Don Rodrigo”, Rivista di Studi Italiani, 1985 Dec.; 3(2): pp. 24-36. MAIN-LIB CALL NUMBER: PER—850.5 Godt, Clareece, “Manzoni and Sigismondo Boldoni: A Note on Two Versions of Landscape”, Annali d'Italianistica, 1985; 3: pp. 149-158. MAIN-LIB CALL NUMBER: PER—850.5 Hart, Francis R., “The Fair Maid, Manzoni's Betrothed, and the Grounds of Waverley Criticism”, Nineteenth Century Fiction, 1963 Sept; 18(2): pp. 103-18. MAIN-LIB CALL NUMBER: PER—823.805 Jones, Verina R., “Counter-Reformation and Popular Culture in I Promessi Sposi: A Case of Historical Censorship”, Renaissance and Modern Stu dies, 1993; 36: pp. 36-51. MAIN-LIB CALL NUMBER: PER-–805 Jones, Verina R., “Towards a Reconstruction of Manzoni's Lucias”, The Italianist, 1987; 7: pp. 36-44. MAIN-LIB CALL NUMBER: PER—850.5 Lansing, Richard H., “Stylistic and Structural Duality in Manzoni's I promessi sposi”, Italica, 1976, 53: pp. 347-61. MAIN-LIB CALL NUMBER: PER—850.5 Leddy, Annette, “The Conversion of Manzoni's l'Innominato or, the Repressed Catholic Consciousness of a Criminal”, Carte Italiane: A Journal of Italian Studies, 1980-1981; 2: pp. 27-41. MAIN-LIB CALL NUMBER: PER—850.5 LLanyi, Gabriel, “Plot Time and Rhythm in Manzoni's I promessi sposi”, MLN, 1978; 93: pp. 36-51. MAIN-LIB CALL NUMBER: PER—805 Lucente, Gregory L., “The Uses and the Ends of Discourse in I promessi sposi: Manzoni's Narrator, His Characters, and Their Author”, MLN, 1986 Jan.; 101(1): pp. 51-77.

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MAIN-LIB CALL NUMBER: PER—805 Nigro, Salvatore S., “Il sorpasso di Lucia: Un nuovo riscontro per il finale dei Promessi sposi”, Italianistica, 1980; 9: pp. 141-44. MAIN-LIB CALL NUMBER: PER—850.5 Pallotta, “Augustus Characterization through Understatement: A Study of Manzoni's Don Rodrigo”, Italica, 1981 Spring; 58(1): pp. 43-55. MAIN-LIB CALL NUMBER: PER—850.5 Pallotta, Augustus, “Fra Cristoforo and Don Rodrigo: The Words that Wound” Italica, 1990 Fall; 67(3): pp. 335-352 MAIN-LIB CALL NUMBER: PER—850.5 Pallotta, Augustus, “Characterization through Understatement: A Study of Manzoni's Don Rodrigo”, Italica, 1981 Spring; 58(1): 43-55. MAIN-LIB CALL NUMBER: PER—850.5 Parisi, Luciano, “L'umorismo di Manzoni”, Italian Studies, 2002; 57: pp. 75-96. MAIN-LIB CALL NUMBER: PER—850.5 Pierce, Glenn Palen, “Further Considerations on Manzoni and the Literature of the Seicento milanese: A Note on Don Ferrante's Library”, Italica, 1989 Spring; 66(1): pp. 35-41 MAIN-LIB CALL NUMBER: PER—850.5 Pierce, Glenn Palen, “Una tragedia barocca nei Promessi sposi”, Lettere Italiane, 1983 July Sept.; 35(3): 297-311. MAIN-LIB CALL NUMBER: PER—850.5 Ross, Silvia, “From Start to Finish: Intertextual Roads of Reading between Manzoni, Tozzi, and Calvino”, Annali d' Italianistica, 2000; 18: pp. 293-308. MAIN-LIB CALL NUMBER: PER—850.5 Suitner, Franco, “Perché Manzoni scrisse un solo romanzo?”, Revue des Etudes Italiennes, 1986 Jan. Dec.; 32(1-4): pp. 142-147. MAIN-LIB CALL NUMBER: PER—850.5 Tuscano, Pasquale, “Un tragico 'delirio' collettivo: La peste del 1630 in un romanziere umbro del Seicento e nei Promessi sposi”, Italianistica: Rivista di Letteratura Italiana, 1988 May Aug.; 17(2): pp. 215-224. MAIN-LIB CALL NUMBER: PER—850.5 Villa, Edoardo, “I Promessi sposi e il romanzo francese”, Revue des Etudes Italiennes, 1986 Jan. Dec.; 32(1-4): pp. 33-41. MAIN-LIB CALL NUMBER: PER—850.5 Zatti, Sergio, “Effetti di compensazione nello stile e nell'ideologia dei Promessi sposi”, Italianistica, 1982 May Dec.; 11(2-3): pp. 213-226. MAIN-LIB CALL NUMBER: PER—850.5

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Autumn Term 2004 Lecturer: Mr Chris Wagstaff (c.g.wagstaff@reading.ac.uk)

Italian Narrative and Poetry in the Nineteenth Century

Giacomo Leopardi

Thursdays @ 11 Room 171 FAH

Course breakdown Week 1 - General introduction to Leopardi's thought and works

- Chronology/periodisation of works - Cultural background - Select topics for seminars/essays - Bibliography

Weeks 2-4 Topics in seminars: 1. Theory of Pleasure 2. Natura 3. Reason/Imagination - Truth/Illusion

Week 5

- Metrics

Week 6

- Canzoni patriottiche

Week 8

- Operette morali

Weeks 9-10

Seminar topics chosen by students - Theory of Pleasure - Natura - Reason/Imagination - Truth/Illusion - Poetics/Aesthetics - Childhood, history, the past - Myth - Materialism - Society and Politics - Progress - Pessimism - Religion - Love - The illusions - Late poems - Memory

- Operette morali & Satire

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Essays Students must discuss with the instructor a title for their essay by the EIGHTH week of term. They are not offered a list of titles from which to choose. This is so that the instructor may give advice before the essay is tackled. Suggestions for areas, issues and questions around which to construct an essay are given below, but students are welcome to propose a topic which does not appear in anything listed below. Leopardi’s theory of pleasure, his ideas about the matter, and the way that these emerge in and give form to the poetry of the Canti. The various ways in which Leopardi uses the word natura, the ideas conveyed by its use, and the poetry that results from them. Is there a religious element to Leopardi’s thought and poetry? Myth. Reason and truth versus the imagination and illusion. Nature and culture. Leopardi’s relation to Enlightenment thought. What does ‘illusion’ mean, and what does it refer to, in Leopardi’s thought and writings, and what are the poetic and aesthetic implications? Leopardi’s civic and patriotic thinking and poetry. Leopardi in the history of Italy. Poetics/Aesthetics: what Leopardi intends to achieve in his poetry, and the aesthetic implications of this. Leopardi as an early Existentialist. Questions of poetic technique, metre, imagery. Childhood, history, the past Materialism in Leopardi’s philosophy. Notions of progress, and his critique of them. Leopardi’s pessimism. Leopardi’s attitudes to society and politics The role of memory in Leopardi’s poetry Love Late poems The Operette morali and the satirical poetry

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LEOPARDI COURSE

WRITING COMMENTARIES TWO BASIC PRINCIPLES: A. WHAT IS THE POET DOING? B. HOW IS THE POET ACHIEVING HIS EFFECT ON THE READER? A. WHAT IS THE POET DOING? When you read a poem that says “My love is like a red red rose” —how do you comment on this, beyong saying that “the poet says his love is like a red rose”? The answer is: DON’T ASK THE QUESTION: WHAT IS THE POET SAYING? ASK THE QUESTION: WHAT IS THE POET DOING? The answer, in this case, is: HE IS COMPARING HIS LOVE TO A RED ROSE. Then ask the question: WHY IS HE DOING THIS? WHAT IS IT ABOUT A RED ROSE THAT HE WANTS TO ATTRIBUTE TO HIS LOVE? You may decide that the answer to this question is: THE ROSE IS VERY BEAUTIFUL, BUT IT DOESN’T LAST LONG. If a man, as he accelerates his car at the traffic lights, says: OFF YOU GO, MY BEAUTY! he is SAYING what he SAYS... But what he is DOING is:

(a) ADDRESSING his car (b) ADDRESSING IT AS THOUGH IT WERE A HORSE (You might want then to ask: WHY?) (c) ADDRESSING IT WITH SOME AFFECTION (You might want then to ask: WHY?) (d) COMMANDING IT TO GO FAST (You might want then to ask: WHY?)

If I say to someone GET OUT OF MY HOUSE, DAMN YOU! I am SAYING what I SAY.... But what I am DOING is:

(a) ADDRESSING someone (b) ORDERING them out of my house (You might want then to ask: WHY?) (c) Doing so IN A HARSH MANNER (You might want then to ask: WHY?) (d) CURSING them (You might want then to ask: WHY?)

If I said, instead: LOOK, I’M TERRIBLY SORRY, BUT I AM VERY TIRED, AND I’D REALLY LIKE TO GO TO BED NOW, DO YOU THINK WE COULD SEE EACH OTHER TOMORROW? — what I am DOING is: (a) ADDRESSING someone (b) EXCUSING myself (c) EXPRESSING weariness (d) REQUESTING something from them (e) Doing so IN A POLITE MANNER (You might want then to ask: WHY?) (f) USING A PERIPHRASIS (a roundabout way, another way of saying) for: GET OUT OF MY HOUSE (You might want then to ask: WHY?) B. HOW IS THE POET ACHIEVING HIS EFFECT ON THE READER? DON’T say: THE POEM IS SAD, because a POEM can’t be sad; it is a piece of TYPOGRAPHY. Say: THE POET IS EXPRESSING HIS SADNESS. HE IS TRYING TO COMMUNICATE HIS SADNESS TO THE READER. HE WANTS THE READER TO EXPERIENCE HIS SADNESS. This gives you a series of THINGS THAT THE POET IS DOING. Now you can say HOW he does this, WHY he does this, and what EFFECTS HE ACHIEVES.

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The COMPONENTS of a commentary are: (1) Some brief (VERY BRIEF) explanation of CONTEXT:

(a) Where does the passage come from in the poem (if it is an extract)? (b) Where in the poet’s career does the poem come?

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(c) Is this context significant? Does it help explain why the poem is like it is? (d) If the poet tends to write two or three distinct KINDS of poems, which kind is this?

(2) An ANALYSIS (not just a PARAPHRASE—see above A.) of the CONTENT of the poem: going through the poem, line by line, and saying WHAT the poet is doing, HOW he is doing it, WHY he is doing it, and what is THE EFFECT ON THE READER (see above B.)? (3) What is the METRICAL STRUCTURE of the poem?

(a) Is it a sonnet? Is it in hendecasyllables? Is there rhyme? (b) Look at its SYNTACTICAL STRUCTURE, and explain the way the SYNTACTICAL structure relates to

the METRICAL structure. (c) Is there some way in which the CONTENT of the poem is particularly suited to the METRICAL

STRUCTURE of the poem, or vice-versa? (4) Look at the IMAGERY (the similes, the metaphors, the comparisons, things used in the poem to stand for something else), and EXPLAIN it: why does he say it like that? what are the implications of saying things like that? (5) Look for SOUND PATTERNS: alliteration, internal rhymes (rhymes taking place inside the lines, rather than at the ends of lines), words that resemble each other, or that completely contrast in sound and texture, etc. (6) Anything else that strikes you... (7) Your CONCLUSION should bring together the most significant points of all the above, to say WHAT THE POEM ACHIEVES. This is VERY BRIEF: it might just be a sentence or two.

___________________________________ HOW TO DO THE COMMENTARY IN PRACTICAL TERMS: (a) Write LINE NUMBERS at the start of each line of the poem or extract, so that you can REFER TO lines of the poem without having to write out the line or lines. (b) Read through the poem, RINGING anything that you think is interesting, odd, significant, moving, beautiful, or whatever. (c) Read it again. Start looking for the things above. JOT DOWN NOTES on a piece of paper. (d) Read it again. Jot down more notes. By now, you are SYSTEMATICALLY going through the various areas mentioned above. (e) Write your commentary. You should have about 1500 words (possibly more, but you should wonder whether you have been paying attention if you have less). (f) Read the poem again. (g) Read your commentary again, and make any amendments or additions that come to mind.

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LEOPARDI, Giacomo 1798-1837 Italian poet

A critical battle has raged over Leopardi ever since he began writing. No one denies the beauty and power of his poetry; he is the finest Italian poet since the Renaissance. The fight was over whether he was a sickly, unhappy man whose personal misfortunes were expressed in a perversely pessimistic vision of existence, or whether he was the lucid critic who penetrated the bourgeois, liberal, Catholic ideology of the industrial revolution with its belief in progress and the eradicability of suffering, and who accurately articulated a Romantic crisis of the Enlightenment tradition. There is truth in both descriptions; the first is of little use for an understanding of the poet and his work, the second overrates what was a seriously flawed and limited critique of the society in which he lived. A third approach to Leopardi was to take little notice of the intellectual structure of his thought, and to concentrate on the formal and sensual beauty of his poetry. Unfortunately, this meant ignoring large amounts of his artistic prose and verse which were primarily philosophical. Born on 29 June 198 into a pious and conservative aristocratic family in Recanati, a provincial town near Macerata in the Papal States, he was brought up as a precocious scholar, studying the classics in his father’s remarkable library. Later, in his poetry, he would write with nostalgia of a childhood which had been denied him and sacrificed to study. He was often ill, developed a hunchback and suffered from afflictions to his eyesight. It was with great difficulty that he escaped from Recanati, and in 1822 went to Rome, was disillusioned with what he found there, and returned home the next year. He left again in 1825, lived in Bologna and Milan working for a publisher on anthologies of Italian Literature; Pisa, the only place where he said he was truly happy; Florence, where he got to know the important progressive thinkers of the time and fell unhappily in love; and finally Naples with his close friend Antonio Ranieri, who nursed him till his death on 14 June 1837. Leopardi asked that his ideas be judged on their merits rather than being attributed to the unhappy circumstances of his life. All his writings stem from a fairly unified system of thought in which the world is seen as purely material, human consciousness as deriving from sensation, and the force that keeps the individual alive as a ceaseless desire for pleasure. Nature (the force responsible for material existence, the natura naturans of the scholastics) has endowed man with desires which his reason tells him can never be satisfied. The imagination creates illusions of happiness and pleasure which are threatened by the truths that reason reveals. Rousseau’s influence is strong in Leopardi’s view of history as a progressive falling away from a primitive natural state (a state of harmony both with natura naturans and with natura naturata ), into a condition in which man is no longer inspired by hopes and illusions to deeds of nobility and magnanimity, but rather has been led to inactivity, and a cowardly refuge in the foolish boast that he can solve the problem of evil by means of his reason and the machines it has created. The history of mankind has been a move from imagination to reason, illusion to truth, and this is the path the individual follows in his growth from childhood to manhood. Poetry can work in the realm of the illusions, ‘deceiving the imagination’ by evoking a world with hope, without definite limits, larger than what is ‘known’ (ideas akin to those of the ‘sublime’ in England). Since man’s yearning is for infinite pleasure, it can be soothed by pleasures that hint at infinity and stimulate the imagination: vague images of vast things. In his most famous poem (L’infinito, ‘Infinity’, 1819) Leopardi sits behind a hedge atop a hill and imagines infinity beyond the hedge, drowning his thought in its immensity. While his theory of poetry was one of escape and consolation, his practice was often very different. He used rhetoric, irony, sarcasm and invective in didactic poems: attacking Italians for the humiliating conditions in which Italy lay under the oppression of foreign rulers, mocking liberal progressives for their belief in the perfectibility of human existence through the inventions of science, pouring disdain upon the superstitions which had men believe that while the hiccough of a volcano could exterminate them, nevertheless they were immortal and of prime importance to the creator of this suffering universe – superstitions that were doubly base because they were harboured by men who had inherited an ‘enlightened’ culture. He exhorted men to courage and noble deeds, to the integrity to face honestly the truth of the human condition, and to the dignity of solidarity and rebellion against the evil force which had brought about this suffering.

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His work can be divided into three periods. First there are the patriotic canzoni on Italy’s lowly state, rhetorical and noble in style, the first, All’Italia (‘To Italy’, 1818), ending with the magnificent oration of Simonides over the dead Spartans. In this period come also the tender, intimate lyrics called the ‘first idylls’, in which he contemplates natural scenery and reflects on his own unhappiness. Few educated Italians even today would be incapable of quoting from these poems. Their apparent simplicity conceals a great deal of labour and a technical mastery that is rivalled only by Petrarch. This first period also produced philosophical poems on the injustice of man’s destiny, and the alienation from nature that followed the decline of pagan religions. After a poem addressed to the ideal woman of man’s imagination, impossible and ethereal, he stops writing poetry in 1823 for a few years. In this hiatus, he writes the majority of his philosophical prose satires, the Operette morali (‘Little Moral Exercises’), consisting of fables and allegories of human existence and satirical dialogues, often modelled on Lucian, ridiculing the anthropocentrism and optimism of his contemporaries’ belief in progress. The stylized, classicizing, epigrammatic prose of the Operette was to be influential in Italian letters for the next hundred years. He returned to poetry during his stay in Pisa in 1828, and in the next two years composed his ‘great idylls’. In A Silvia (‘To Silvia’) he compared the death of a young girl to the way nature fulfils the hopes and promises of youth; in Le ricordanze (‘Memories’) he compares those hopes with the melancholy life of the present, devoid of sensation, through evocations of life at Recanati; in La Quiete dopo la tempesta (‘The Quiet after the Storm’) he asserts that pleasure is nothing more than the cessation of pain, and compares this to the calm following a thunderstorm; in Canto notturno di un pastore errante dell’Asia (‘Night Song of a Wandering Asian Shepherd’) he affectionately asks the moon if she can explain what is the point of our futile journey from birth to death. There is a profound pessimism in these poems, expressed in an incantatory verse of simple intensity and musicality. His stay in Florence in the early 1830s led to a cycle of poems arising out of his unrequited love for Fanny Targioni Tozzetti. At first a eulogy of the power of love, then a meditation on love and death, then a fantasy deathbed kiss, then an ironical critique of the lover’s perspective, and a harsh and bitter rejection of love as a worn-out illusion and the assertion of the ‘infinite worthlessness of everything’. He now turns against the illusions that had been his solace, and writes a satirical Palinodia , or ‘Retraction’, of all his beliefs, pouring sarcasm on the liberal progressives of his time. One of his last and finest poems combines the lyrical, intimate tone of tender address to the Ginestra, the ‘Broom’, that grows humbly in the slopes of Vesuvius, with the passionate oratory of a tirade against his fellow men for their foolish pride and cowardly religious superstition. A characteristic of Italian literary culture is the organic unity that runs through its history. Leopardi builds on recognizably Petrarchan elements, particularly in the stylized, euphonious vocabulary he uses; even the free stanza-form of his canzoni derives its effect from the way it compares and contrasts with the Petrarchan form. He leads back to past centuries, but also forward to ours; Ungaretti and Montale, the two most important poets of the first half of this century, are full of the influence of Leopardi. Similarly, his critique of the progressive ideology of his times has been compared to positions held by Italian Marxists in the 1968 ‘movement’ influenced by the work of the Frankfurt school. Christopher Wagstaff (in Justin Wintle (ed), Makers of Nineteenth Century Culture, London, Boston, Melbourne and Henley, Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1982, pp. 358-60)

17

LEOPARDI CHRONOLOGY 1. Civic & philosophical & Love 2. Idylls 3. Operette morali |<1. |<2. |<3. 1798 29 June: Leopardi is born 1817 Il primo amore 1818 All'Italia 1818 Sopra il monumento di Dante 1819 Frammento 1819 Lo spavento notturno 1819 Frammento XXXVII 1819 L'infinito 1820 La sera del d di festa 1820 Alla luna 1819-21 Il sogno 1820 Ad Angelo Mai 1820 says he is working on certe prosette satiriche 1821 La vita solitaria 1821 Nelle nozze della sorella Paolina 1821 A un vincitore nel pallone 1821 Bruto Minore 1822 Alla Primavera, o delle favole antiche 1822 Inno ai Patriarchi, o de' principii del genere umano 1822 Comparazione delle sentenze di Bruto Minore e di Teofrasto (appendix to Operette morali) 1822 Ultimo canto di Saffo 1823 Alla sua donna 1824 Storia del genere umano 1824 Dialogo d'Ercole e d'Atlante 1824 Dialogo della Moda e della Morte 1824 Proposta di premi fatta dall'Accademia dei Sillografi 1824 Dialogo di un lettore d'umanità e di Sallustio (dropped from 1835 ed of Operette morali) 1824 Dialogo di un Folletto e di uno Gnomo 1824 Dialogo di Malambruno e di Farfarello 1824 Dialogo della Natura e di un'Anima 1824 Dialogo della Terra e della Luna 1824 La scommessa di Prometeo 1824 Dialogo di un fisico e di un metafisico 1824 Dialogo della Natura e di un Islandese 1824 Dialogo di Torquato Tasso e del suo Genio familiare 1824 Dialogo di Timandro e di Eleandro 1824 Il Parini ovvero della gloria 1824 Dialogo di Federico Ruysch e delle sue mummie 1824 I detti memorabili di Filippo Ottonieri 1824 Dialogo di Cristoforo Colombo e di Pietro Gutierrez 1824 Elogio degli uccelli 1824 Cantico del gallo silvestre 1826 Al Conte Carlo Pepoli 1827 Dialogo di Plotino e di Porfirio 1827 Il Copernico 1828 Scherzo 1828 Il risorgimento 1828 A Silvia 1829 Le ricordanze 1829 La quiete dopo la tempesta 1929 Il sabato del villaggio 1829-30 Canto notturno di un pastore errante dell'Asia 1830 Il passero solitario 1831 Il pensiero dominante 1832 Consalvo 1832 Dialogo di un venditore di almanacchi e di un passeggere 1832 Dialogo di Tristano e di un amico 1832 Amore e morte 1833 A se stesso 1834 Aspasia

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1835 Sopra un basso rilievo antico sepolcrale 1835 Sopra il ritratto di una bella donna 1835 Palinodia al marchese Gino Capponi 1836 La ginestra o il fiore del deserto 1836-7 Il tramonto della luna 1837 14 June: Leopardi dies

LEOPARDI BIBLIOGRAPHY TRANSLATIONS INTO ENGLISH OF LEOPARDI’S WRITINGS: Best one, with facing page original & excellent introductory essay: Leopardi, Giacomo, [Canti], The poems of Leopardi / edited with introduction and notes and a verse

translation in the metres of the original, by Geoffrey L. Bickersteth, New York: Russell & Russell, 1973. Cambridge University Press. MAIN: 1)851.75 1 7-DAY 2 STANDARD SHORTLOAN

Leopardi, Giacomo, The canti: with a selection of his prose / Giacomo Leopardi; translated from the Italian

by J.G. Nichols, Manchester: Carcanet, 1994. MAIN: 1)851.75 1 STANDARD Leopardi, Giacomo, Poems, ed. Heath-stubbs, J., London, Lehmann, 1946. MAIN: 1)851.75 1 STANDARD

SHORTLOAN Leopardi, Giacomo , [Selections. English], A Leopardi reader / editing and translations by Ottavio

M.Casale, Urbana London: University of Illinois Press, 1961. MAIN: 1)851.75 1 STANDARD SHORTLOAN

Leopardi, Giacomo, 1798-183, [Correspondence], Letters of Giacomo Leopardi, 1817-1837 / selected and translated by Prue Shaw, Leeds: Northern Universities Press, 1998. MAIN: 1)NOT YET CLASSIFIED NONE

Operette morali translated, with facing page original: Leopardi, Giacomo, Operette morali: essays and dialogues / Giacomo Leopardi; translated with introduction

and notes by Giovanni Cecchetti, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1982. MAIN: 1)851.75-LEO 1 STANDARD SHORTLOAN 2 STANDARD

Leopardi, Giacomo , [Operette morali. English], Moral tales = Operette morali / Giacomo Leopardi;

translated from the Italian by Patrick Creagh, Manchester: Carcanet New Press, 1983. MAIN: 1)851.75 1 STANDARD SHORTLOAN

Giacomo Leopardi, Selected Prose and Poetry, (translated Iris Origo and J. Heath-Stubbs), London, Oxford U. Press, 1966. MAIN: 1)851.75 1 STANDARD

BIOGRAPHY: Origo, Iris, Leopardi: a biography / Iris Origo, London: Oxford U.P., 1935. MAIN: 1)851.75-ORI 1

STANDARD Origo, Iris, Leopardi, A Study in Solitude (originally: Leopardi, A Biography, in 1935), London, Hamilton,

1953 Weiss, Roberto (or: Wis, Roberto), Giacomo Leopardi, Studio biografico, Helsinki, Societa’ neofilologica,

1959 Damiani, Rolando, Vita di Leopardi / Rolando Damiani, Milano: Mondadori, 1992. MAIN: 1)851.75-DAM

1 STANDARD Chiarini, G., Vita di Giacomo Leopardi, Firenze, Barbera, 1905, Dotti, Ugo, ed., Giacomo Leopardi: Storia di un’anima, Milano, Rizzoli, 1982 Leopardi, Giacomo, [Correspondence], La vita e le lettere / Giacomo Leopardi; scelta, introduzione

biografica e note di Nico Naldini; prefazione di Fernando Bandini, Milano: Garzanti, 1983. MAIN: 1)851.75 1 STANDARD

Leopardi, Giacomo, Leopardi autobiografico: saggio, cronologia e testi / [a cura di] Neuro Bonifazi, Ravenna: Longo, 1984. MAIN: 1)851.75 1 STANDARD

Leopardi, Paolina, Lettere inedite. A cura di G. Ferretti, Milano, Bompiani, 1979

19

Ranieri, Antonio, Sette anni di sodalizio con Giacomo Leopardi, Napoli, Berisio, 1965. MAIN: 1)851.75-RAN 1 STANDARD

LEOPARDI’S WORKS IN THE ORIGINAL LANGUAGE: Basic accessible source ON RESERVE: Leopardi, Giacomo, Tutte le opere; con introduzione e a cura di Walter Binni, con la collaborazione di

Enrico Ghidetti, Firenze: Sansoni, 1969. MAIN: 1)851.75 1 1 STANDARD SHORTLOAN 2)851.75 2 1 STANDARD SHORTLOAN

Editions of collected works: Leopardi, Giacomo , [Works], Opere / di Giacomo Leopardi; a cura di Mario Fubini, Torino: Unione

tipografico-editrice torinese, 1977. MAIN: 1)851.75 1 STANDARD Leopardi, Giacomo, Opere complete. 12 volumes, 1921-24. MAIN: 1)851.75 1 STANDARD Leopardi, Giacomo, Opere, ed. Donati, A., 2 volumes, 1928. MAIN: 1)851.75 1 STANDARD Leopardi, Giacomo, Opere, ed. Getto, G., 1967. MAIN: 1)851.75 1 STANDARD Leopardi, Giacomo, Opere, ed. De Robertis, G., 3 volumes, 1965. MAIN: 1)851.75 1 STANDARD 2

STANDARD Leopardi, Giacomo, Opere, ed. Solmi, S., 2 volumes, 1956-66. MAIN: 1)851.75 1 STANDARD 2

STANDARD Leopardi, Giacomo, Opere: Lettere, 1945-49. MAIN: 1)851.75 1 STANDARD Leopardi, Giacomo, Opere: Poesie e la prosa. Volume: Vol. 1-2, 1945-49. MAIN: 1)851.75 1 STANDARD Leopardi, Giacomo, Opere: Zibaldone, 1945-49. MAIN: 1)851.75 1 1 7-DAY 2)851.75 2 1 7-DAY Leopardi, Giacomo , [Works], Poesie e prose / Giacomo Leopardi. Volume: Vol. 1 Poesie / a cura di Mario

Andrea Rigoni con un saggio di Cesare Galimberti, Milano: Mondadori, 1988. ISBN: 880430264x. MAIN: 1)851.75 1 STANDARD

Leopardi, Giacomo , [Works], Poesie e prose / Giacomo Leopardi. Volume: Vol. 2 Prose / a cura di Rolando Damiani, Milano: Mondadori, 1988. MAIN: 1)851.75 1 STANDARD

Editions of the Canti: Leopardi, Giacomo, Canti / di Giacomo Leopardi; edizione critica e autografi a cura di Domenico De

Robertis, Milano: Polifilo, 1984. MAIN: 1)851.75 1 1 STANDARD 2)851.75 2 1 STANDARD Leopardi, Giacomo, Canti / Giacomo Leopardi; edizione critica di Emilio Peruzzi; con la reproduzione degli

autografi, Milano: Rizzoli, 1981. MAIN: 1)851.75 1 STANDARD Leopardi, Giacomo, Canti / [di Giacomo Leopardi; edizione critica a cura di Francesco Moroncini;

presentazione di Gianfranco Folena, Bologna: Cappelli, 1978. MAIN: 1)851.75 1 STANDARD Leopardi, Giacomo, Canti / [di Giacomo Leopardi]; commento di Edoardo Sanguineti; presentazione di

Giovanni Getto., Milano: Mursia, 1977. MAIN: 1)851.75 1 STANDARD Leopardi, Giacomo, Canti, 1963. MAIN: 1)851.75 1 STANDARD Leopardi, Giacomo, Canti, 1949. MAIN: 1)FOLIO--851.75 1 STANDARD Leopardi, Giacomo, Canti, 1925. MAIN: 1)851.75 1 STANDARD Leopardi, Giacomo, I canti / Giacomo Leopardi; a cura di Luigi Russo, Firenze: Sansoni, 1945. MAIN:

1)851.75 1 STANDARD Leopardi, Giacomo, Canti, ed. Fubini, m, 1964. MAIN: 1)851.75 1 STANDARD Leopardi, Giacomo, Canti paralipomeni, poesie varie. ., 1968. MAIN: 1)851.75 1 STANDARD Leopardi, Giacomo, Canti / di Giacomo Leopardi; edizione critica e autografi a cura di Domenico De

Robertis, Milano: Polifilo, 1984. MAIN: 1)851.75 1 1 STANDARD 2)851.75 2 1 STANDARD Leopardi, Giacomo, Canti / [di Giacomo Leopardi; edizione critica a cura di Francesco Moroncini;

presentazione di Gianfranco Folena, Bologna: Cappelli, 1978. MAIN: 1)851.75 1 STANDARD Leopardi, Giacomo, Canti / [di Giacomo Leopardi]; commento di Edoardo Sanguineti; presentazione di

Giovanni Getto, Milano: Mursia, 1977. MAIN: 1)851.75 1 STANDARD Editions of the Operette morali: Leopardi, Giacomo, Operette morali / Giacomo Leopardi / edizione critica a cura di Ottavio Besomi,

Milano: Fondazione Arnoldo e Alberto Mondadori, 1979. MAIN: 1)851.75 1 STANDARD Leopardi, Giacomo, Operette morali, 1977. MAIN: 1)851.75 1 STANDARD

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Leopardi, Giacomo, Operette morali, 1950. MAIN: 1)851.75 1 STANDARD Leopardi, Giacomo, Operette morali; appendice alle operette morali / Giacomo Leopardi; presentazione di

Giovanni Getto; commento di Edoardo Sanguineti, Milano: Mursia, 1982. 1)851.75 1 STANDARD Editions of the Zibaldone: Leopardi, Giacomo, Zibaldone / Giacomo Leopardi; edizione commentata e revisione del testo critico a cura

di Rolando Damiani, Milano: Mondadori, 1997. MAIN: 1)851.75 T. 1 1 STANDARD 2)851.75 T. 2 1 STANDARD 3)851.75 T. 3 1 STANDARD

Leopardi, Giacomo, Zibaldone di pensieri / Giacomo Leopardi; edizione critica e annotata a cura di Giuseppe Pacella, Milano: Garzanti, 1991. MAIN: 1)851.75 1 1 STANDARD 2)851.75 2 1 STANDARD 3)851.75 3 1 STANDARD

Editions of other works: Leopardi, Giacomo, Pensieri, 1951. MAIN: 1)851.75 1 STANDARD Leopardi, Giacomo, Pensieri / Giacomo Leopardi; edizione critica a cura di Matteo Durante, Firenze:

Accademia della Crusca, 1998. MAIN: 1)450.5-QUA/14 1 STANDARD Leopardi, Giacomo, Appressamento della morte / Giacomo Leopardi / edizione critica a cura di Lorenza

Posfortunato, Firenze: Presso l’Accademia della Crusca, 1983. MAIN: 1)450.5 1 STANDARD Leopardi, Giacomo, Epistolario. Volume: Vol. 1-3, 1934. MAIN: 1)851.75 1 STANDARD Leopardi, Giacomo, [Correspondence], Storia di un’anima: scelta dall’Epistolario / Giacomo Leopardi;

introduzione e note di Ugo Dotti, Milano: Rizzoli, 1982. MAIN: 1)851.75 1 STANDARD Leopardi, Paolina, Lettere inedite / di Paolina Leopardi; a cura di Giampiero Ferretti; introduzione di

Franco Fortini, Milano: Bompiani, 1979. MAIN: 1)851.75-LEO 1 STANDARD Leopardi, Giacomo, Leopardi autobiografico: saggio, cronologia e testi / [a cura di]Neuro Bonifazi,

Ravenna: Longo, 1984. MAIN: 1)851.75 1 STANDARD Leopardi, Giacomo, Crestomazia italiana. 2 volumes, 1968. MAIN: 1)851.75 1 STANDARD Petrarca, Francesco, [Canzoniere. 1927], Rime / di Francesco Petrarca; con L’interpretazioni di Giacomo

Leopardi, Firenze: Felice le Monnier, 1927. MAIN: 1)851.18 1 STANDARD Leopardi, Giacomo, Scritti filologici, 1969. MAIN: 1)851.75 1 STANDARD Leopardi, Giacomo, Tutti gli scritti, 1809-1810, 1972. MAIN: 1)851.75 1 STANDARD Ceragioli, Fiorenza, I canti fiorentini di Giacomo Leopardi / Fiorenza Ceragioli, Firenze: L.S. Olschki,

1981. MAIN: 1)851.75-CER 1 STANDARD Leopardi, Giacomo, (ed.), Petrarca, Francesco, [Canzoniere. 1979], Canzoniere / [di Francesco Petrarca];

commento di Giacomo Leopardi, con il “Saggio sopra la poesia del Petrarca” di Ugo Foscolo; a cura di Ugo Dotti, Saggio sopra la poesia del Petrarca / Ugo Foscolo, Milano: Feltrinelli, 1979. MAIN: 1)851.18 1 STANDARD

GENERAL INTRODUCTIONS TO LEOPARDI AND HIS WORKS: In English: Williams, Pamela, An introduction to Leopardi’s Canti / Pamela Williams, Hull: Dept of Italian, University

of Hull, 1987. MAIN: 1)851.75-WIL 1 7-DAY SHORTLOAN Barricelli, Jean-Pierre, Giacomo Leopardi / by Gian Piero Barricelli, Boston: Twayne, 1986. 1)851.75-BAR 1

STANDARD Carne Ross, D. S., Leopardi: The Poet in a Time of Need, in Instaurations, Berkeley, U. California Press,

1978 Carsaniga, Giovanni, Giacomo Leopardi, Edinburgh, Edinburgh U. Press, 1977. MAIN 1) 851.75-CAR 1 7-

DAY Whitfield, J. H., Giacomo Leopardi, Oxford, Blackwell, 1954. MAIN 1) 851.75-WHI 1 STANDARD In Italian: Prete, Antonio, Il pensiero poetante: saggi su Leopardi / Antonio Prete, Milano: Feltrinelli, 1980. MAIN:

1)851.75-PRE 1 STANDARD

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Fubini, Mario, Foscolo, Leopardi e altre pagine di critica e di gusto / Mario Fubini; [a cura di Davide Conrieri ... et al.], Pisa: Scuola normale superiore, 1992. MAIN: 1)850.9-FUB T.1 1 STANDARD 2)850.9-FUB T.2 1 STANDARD

Battaglia, S., Ideologia letteraria di Giacomo Leopardi, 1968. MAIN 1) 851.75-BAT 1 STANDARD Dolfi, Anna, La doppia memoria: saggi su Leopardi e il leopardismo / Anna Dolfi, Roma: Bulzoni, 1986.

MAIN: 1)851.75-DOL 1 STANDARD Guarracino, Vincenzo, Guida alla lettura di Leopardi / Vincenzo Guarracino, Milano: Mondadori, 1987.

MAIN: 1)851.75-GUA 1 STANDARD Bon, Adriano, Invito alla lettura di Giacomo Leopardi / Adriano Bon, Milano: Mursia, 1985. MAIN:

1)851.75-BON 1 STANDARD Tartaro, Achille, Leopardi / di Achille Tartaro, Roma: Laterza, 1978. MAIN: 1)851.75-TAR 1

STANDARD Blasucci, Luigi, Leopardi e i segnali dell’infinito / Luigi Blasucci, Bologna: Il Mulino, 1985. MAIN:

1)851.75-BLA 1 STANDARD Gioanola, Elio, Leopardi, la malinconia / Elio Gioanola, Milano: Jaca, 1995. MAIN: 1)851.75-GIO 1

STANDARD Valentini, Alvaro, Leopardi: L’io poetante / Alvaro Valentini, Roma: Bulzoni, 1983. MAIN: 1)851.75-VAL

1 STANDARD Luporini, Cesare, Leopardi progressivo / Cesare Luporini, Roma: Riuniti, 1980. MAIN: 1)851.75-LUP 1

STANDARD Frattini, Alberto, Letteratura e scienza in Leopardi: e altri studi leopardiani / Alberto Frattini, Milano:

Marzorati, 1978. MAIN: 1)851.75-FRA 1 STANDARD Tilgher, Adriano, La filosofia di Leopardi; e Studi leopardiani / Adriano Tilgher; a cura di Massimiliano

Boni, Bologna: Boni, 1979. MAIN: 1)851.75-TIL 1 STANDARD Bonifazi, Neuro, Lingua mortale: genesi della poesia leopardiana / Neuro Bonifazi, Ravenna: Longo, 1984.

MAIN: 1)851.75-BON 1 STANDARD Botti, Francesco Paolo, La nobiltà del poeta: saggio su Leopardi / Francesco Paolo Botti. Edition: 1. ed,

Napoli: Liguori, 1979. MAIN: 1)851.75-BOT 1 STANDARD Brioschi, Franco, La poesia senza nome: saggio su Leopardi / Franco Brioschi, Milano: Saggiatore, 1980.

MAIN: 1)851.75-BRI 1 STANDARD Macchioni Jodi, Rodolfo, Poetica e stile della lirica leopardiana: dal tirocinio giovanile alla Ginestra / Rodolfo

Macchioni Jodi, Roma: Bulzoni, 1981. MAIN: 1)851.75-MAC 1 STANDARD Giacomo Leopardi, A Leopardi Reader, (ed and translated by Ottavio M. Casale),Urbana, U. Illinois Press, 1981 Giacomo Leopardi, The Poems of Leopardi, (translated by Geoffrey L. Bickersteth), New York, Russell and

Russell, 1973 (Cambridge, 1923) Blasucci, Luigi, Leopardi e i segnali dell’infinito, Bologna, Il Mulino, 1985, Brioschi, F., La poesia senza nome. Saggio sul Leopardi, Milano, Il Saggiatore, 1980 Vallone, Aldo, Interpretazione della poesia leopardiana, Napoli, Liguori, 1974 Binni, Walter, Introduzione to Tutte le opere, vol. 1, (later in La protesta di Leopardi), Firenze, Sansoni, 1969 Binni, Walter, La nuova poetica leopardiana, Firenze, Sansoni, 1947 Bon, Adriano, Invito alla lettura di Leopardi, Milano, Mursia, 1987 (1985) Borsellino, N., and Marinari, A., Leopardi, introduzione all’opera e antologia della critica, Roma, Bulzoni,

1973 Bosco, Umberto, Titanismo e pietà in Giacomo Leopardi, Firenze, De Sanctis, 1959 Consoli, D., Cultura, coscienza letteraria e poesia in Giacomo Leopardi, Firenze, Le Monnier, 1967 De Feo, Italo, Leopardi, l’uomo e l’opera, Milano, Mondadori, 1972 de Lollis, Cesare, Scrittori d’Italia (chap. VIII),Milano, Ricciardi, 1968 De Sanctis, Francesco, Saggi critici, (a cura di Luigi Russo), Bari, Laterza, 1952 (1965) De Sanctis, Francesco, Leopardi (a cura di C. Muscetta e A. Perna), Torino, 1960 Flora, Francesco, Storia della letteratura italiana, vol IV (‘800 e ‘900), Milano, Mondadori, 1940 (12th ed.

1962) Giannessi, F., Giacomo Leopardi, in Letteratura italiana, I Maggiori, vol III, Milano, Marzorati, 1956 Sapegno, Natalino, Giacomo Leopardi, in Storia della Letteratura Italiana, vol VII, Milano, Garzanti, 1969 Mazzoni, Guido, Storia letteraria d’Italia, L’Ottocento: parte prima, IX, Giacomo Leopardi, Milano,

Vallardi, 1953 (1964) Ruschioni, A., Introduzione al Leopardi, Milano, Stelle, 1970

22

Tonelli, L., Leopardi, Milano, Corbaccio, 1937 Zottoli, A., Leopardi storia di un’anima, Bari, Laterza, 1947

GENERAL CRITICISM Dionisotti, Carlo, Appunti sui moderni: Foscolo, Leopardi, Manzoni e altri / Carlo Dionisotti, Bologna: Il

Mulino, 1988. MAIN: 1)850.9-DIO 1 STANDARD Ceragioli, Fiorenza, I canti fiorentini di Giacomo Leopardi / Fiorenza Ceragioli, Firenze: L.S. Olschki,

1981. MAIN: 1)851.75-CER 1 STANDARD Moretti, Walter, Dalla negazione all’attesa: da Leopardi agli anni quaranta / Waler Moretti, Bologna:

Pàtron, 1974. MAIN: 1)850.908-MOR 1 STANDARD Marti, Mario, Dante, Boccaccio, Leopardi: studi / Mario Marti, Napoli: Liguori, 1980. MAIN: 1)851.15-

MAR 1 STANDARD Caselli, Daniela, Elementi di intertestualità nell’opera di Beckett: il caso di Leopardi / Daniela Caselli,

Trento: Università degli Studi di Trento, 1994. Number note: RUL MS: 4298. MAIN: 1)BECKETT COLLECTION--THESIS/CAS 1 NON-LOAN ARCHIVES

Bini, Daniela, A fragrance from the desert: poetry and philosophy in Giacomo Leopardi / Daniela Bini, Saratoga, Calif.: Anma Libri, 1983. MAIN: 1)851.75-BIN 1 STANDARD

Celli Bellucci, Novella, Francesco de Sanctis e Giacomo Leopardi tra coinvolgimento e ideologia / Novella Celli Bellucci, Nicola Longo, Roma: Bulzoni, 1979. MAIN: 1)854.81 1 STANDARD

Bollati, Giulio, Giacomo Leopardi e la letteratura italiana / Giulio Bollati; a cura di Giorgio Panizza, introduzione di Luigi Blasucci, Torino: Bollati Borinjghieri, 1998. MAIN: 1)851.75-BOL 1 STANDARD

Travi, Ernesto, Immaginazione, sentimento e ragione in Giacomo Leopardi / Ernesto Travi, Milano: Vita e pensiero, 1988. MAIN: 1)851.75-TRA 1 STANDARD

Rota, Paolo, Leopardi e la Bibbia: sulla soglia d’alt i Eldoradi / Paolo Rota, Bologna: Il Mulino, 1998. MAIN: 1)851.75-ROT 1 STANDARD

Leopardi e la cultura europea: atti del convegno internazionale dell’ Università di Lovanio, Lovanio, 10-12 dicembre 1987 / a cura di F. Musarra, S. Vanvolsem, R. Guglielmone Lamberti, Leuven: Leuven University Press Roma: Bulzoni, 1989. MAIN: 1)851.75-LEO 1 STANDARD

Gentile, Maria Teresa, Leopardi e la forma della vita: (genesi - formazione - tradizione) / Maria Teresa Gentile, Roma: Bulzoni, 1991. MAIN: 1)851.75-GEN 1 STANDARD

Convegno Internazionale di Studi Leopardiani (4th: Recanati: 1976), Leopardi e la letteratura italiana dal duecento al seicento: atti del IV Convegno internazionale di studi leopardiani (Recanati, 13-16 settembre 1976), Firenze: Leo S. Olschki, 1978. MAIN: 1)FOLIO--851.75-CON 1 STANDARD

Melani, Viviana, Leopardi e la poesia del Cinquecento / Viviana Melani ; con un appendice su G.B. Gelli, Messina: G. D’Anna, 1978. MAIN: 1)851.75-MEL 1 STANDARD

Crocioni, Giovanni, Leopardi e le tradizioni popolari / Giovanni Crocioni ; a cura di Luigi Banfi, Ancona: Transeuropa, 1991. MAIN: 1)851.75-CRO 1 STANDARD

Dell’Aquila, Michele, Leopardi: il commercio coi sensi ed altri saggi / Michele Dell’Aquila, Fasano: Schena, 1993. MAIN: 1)851.75-DEL 1 STANDARD

Robecchi, Franco, Letture leopardiane / Franco Robecchi, Milano: Cooperativa libreria I.U.L.M., 1983. MAIN: 1)851.75-ROB 1 STANDARD

Letture leopardiane: terzo ciclo / a cura di Michele Dell’Aquila; testi di M. Dell’Aquila ... [et al.], Roma: Fondazione Piazzolla, 1997. MAIN: 1)851.75-LET 1 STANDARD

Gensini, Stefano, Linguistica leopardiana: fondamenti teorici e prospettive politico-culturali / Stefano Gensini, Bologna: Mulino, 1984. MAIN: 1)851.75-GEN 1 STANDARD

Fedi, Francesca, Mausolei di sabbia: sulla cultura figurativa di Leopardi / Francesca Fedi, Lucca: Pacini Fazzi, 1997. MAIN: 1)851.75 1 STANDARD

Severino, Emanuele, Il nulla e la poesia: alla fine dell’età della tecnica: Leopardi / Emanuele Severino, Milano: Rizzoli, 1990. MAIN: 1)851.75-SEV 1 STANDARD

Solmi, Sergio, [Works], Opere di Sergio Solmi / a cura di Giovanni Pacchiano. Volume: Vol.2 Studi leopardiani; Note su autori classici italiani e stranieri, Milano: Adelphi, 1987. MAIN: 1)851.912-SOL 1 STANDARD

23

Rosellini, Aldo, Parola ritrovata: Foscolo, Leopardi, Manzoni, D’Annunzio e la lingua francese / Aldo Rosellini; a cura di Umberto Colombo, Bortolo Martinelli, Maria Teresa Zanola, Milano: Istituto propaganda Libraria, 1993. MAIN: 1)850.9-ROS 1 STANDARD

Rebora, Clemente, Per un Leopardi mal noto / Clemente Rebora; a cura di Laura Barile, Milano: Libri Scheiwiller, 1992. MAIN: 1)851.75-REB 1 STANDARD

Salsano, Roberto, Pirandello novelliere e Leopardi / Roberto Salsano, Roma: L.Lucarini, 1980. MAIN: 1)852.912-PIR/SAL 1 STANDARD

Bigi, Emilio, Poesia e critica tra fine Settecento e primo Ottocento / Emilio Bigi., Milano: Cisalpino-Goliardica, [1986]. MAIN: 1)851.6-BIG 1 STANDARD

Amoretti, Giovanni Giuseppe, Poesia e psicanalisi: Foscolo e Leopardi / Giovanni Giuseppe Amoretti, Milano: Garzanti, 1979. MAIN: 1)851.66-AMO 1 STANDARD

Múniz Múniz, María de las Nieves, Poetiche della temporalità: Manzoni, Leopardi, Verga, Pavese / Maria de las Nieves Muniz Muniz, Palermo: Palumbro, 1990. MAIN: 1)850.9-MUN 1 STANDARD

Santagata, Marco, Quella celeste naturalezza: le canzoni e gli idilli di Leopardi / Marco Santagata, Bologna: Il Mulino, 1994. MAIN: 1)851.75-SAN 1 STANDARD

Dotti, Ugo, Il savio e il ribelle: Manzoni e Leopardi / Ugo Dotti. Edition: Nuova ed. ampliata, Roma: Editori Riuniti, 1993. MAIN: 1)851.7-DOT 1 STANDARD

Dotti, Ugo, Il savio e il ribelle: Manzoni e Leopardi / Ugo Dotti, Roma: Editori Riuniti, 1986. MAIN: 1)851.7-DOT 1 STANDARD

Macchioni Jodi, Rodolfo, Scandagli leopardiani / Rodolfo Macchioni Jodi, Napoli: Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, 1993. MAIN: 1)851.75-MAC 1 STANDARD

Dotti, Ugo, Storia degli intellettuali in Italia / Ugo Dotti. Volume: 3 Temi e ideologie dagli illuministi a Gramsci, Roma: Riuniti, 1999. MAIN: 1)945.05-DOT 1 STANDARD

Peruzzi, Emilio, Studi leopardiani / Emilio Peruzzi. Volume: 1 La sera del dí di festa, Firenze: Olschki, 1979. MAIN: 1)851.75-PER 1 STANDARD

Signoretti, Felice, Tempo e male: Ungaretti su Leopardi / Felice Signoretti, Urbino: Argalia, 1977 MAIN: 1)851.912-UNG/SIG 1 STANDARD

Blasucci, Luigi, I titoli dei “Canti” e altri studi leopardiani / Luigi Blasucci, Napoli: Morano, 1989. MAIN: 1)851.75-BLA 1 STANDARD

Di Carlo, Franco, Ungaretti e Leopardi: il sistema della “Memoria” dall’ “Assenza” all’ “Innocenza” / Franco Di Carlo, Roma: Bulzoni, 1979. MAIN: 1)851.912-UNG/DIC 1 STANDARD

Leopardi, Giacomo, Appressamento della morte / Giacomo Leopardi / edizione critica a cura di Lorenza Posfortunato, Firenze: Presso l’Accademia della Crusca, 1983. MAIN: 1)450.5 1 STANDARD

Dionisotti, Carlo, Appunti sui moderni: Foscolo, Leopardi, Manzoni e altri / Carlo Dionisotti, Bologna: Il Mulino, 1988. MAIN: 1)850.9-DIO 1 STANDARD

LEOPARDI’S ‘FORTUNA’, HISTORY OF CRITICISM ON LEOPARDI, AND LITERARY HISTORY CONCERNING HIM: Leopardi nella crit ica internazionale / a cura di Mario Santoro, Napoli: Federico & Ardia, 1989. MAIN:

1)851.75-LEO 1 STANDARD Malmignati, Cesare, Leopardi nella coscienza dell’Ottocento, Roma, Bonacci, 1976 Bo, Carlo, Opere, (vol. I: L’eredita’ di Leopardi e altri saggi), Firenze, Vallecchi, 1964 Dionisotti, Carlo, Fortuna del Leopardi, in Hatwell et al, eds, Essays in Honour of J.H. WhitfieldLondon, St

George’s Press, 1975, Dolfi, Anna, La doppia memoria. Saggio su Leopardi e il leopardismo, Roma, Bulzoni, 1986Frattini, Alberto, Critica e fortuna dei ‘Canti’ di G. Leopardi..., Brescia, La Scuola, 1965 Lonardi, Gilberto, Leopardismo, Firenze, Sansoni, 1974 Signoretti, F., Tempo e male. Ungaretti su Leopardi, Urbino, Argalia, 1977 Di Carlo, F., Ungaretti e Leopardi, Roma, Bulzoni, 1979 Battaglia, Salvatore, Leopardi e Montale, Napoli, Liguori, 1964 Goffis, C., Leopardi (storia della critica), Palermo, Palumbo, 1970 Melani, Viviana, Leopardi e la poesia del cinquecento, Firenze, D’Anna, 1978 LANGUAGE, METRICS, STYLE and POETIC THEORY:

24

Fubini, Mario, Metrica e poesia. Lezioni sulle forme metriche italiane, Milano, Feltrinelli, 1962 Sansone, Giuseppe E., Le trame della poesia, Firenze, Vallecchi, 1988 Wagstaff, Christopher, L’infinito ritmico, in Strumenti Critici, gennaio 1992 Bufano, A., Concordanze dei ‘Canti’ del Leopardi, Firenze, Le Monnier, 1969 Gensini, Stefano, Linguistica leopardiana. Fondamenti teorici e prospettive politico-culturali, Bologna, Il

Mulino, 1984 Castelnuovo, Luciana, La metrica italiana, Milano, Vita e Pensiero, 1979 Spongano, Raffaele, Nozioni ed esempi di metrica italiana, Bologna, Patron, 1966 Bonifazi, Neuro, Lingua mortale. Genesi della poesia leopardiana, Ravenna, Longo, 1984 De Robertis, Giuseppe, Saggio sul Leopardi, Firenze, Vallecchi, 1973 Galimberti, Cesare, Linguaggio del vero in Leopardi, Firenze, 1959 Kroeber,K., Poetic Style in Foscolo and Leopardi, Peruzzi, Emilio, Studi leopardiani, I: La sera del di’ di festa, Firenze, Olschki, 1979 Ramat, Silvio, Psicologia della forma leopardiana, Firenze, La Nuova Italia, 1970 Timpanaro, Sebastiano, La filologia di Giacomo Leopardi, Firenze, Le Monnier, 1955 Vossler, Karl, Leopardi, Heidelberg, Winter, 1930 Muscetta, Carlo, Poetiche e poeti del Settecento,Catania, Castorina, 1969 Woolf, David, Leopardi: The nature and Development of the Idyll, in Italica, Spring 1977 Macchioni Jodi, Rodolfo, Poetica e stile della lirica leopardiana, Roma, Bulzoni, 1981 Singh, G., Leopardi e l’Inghilterra, Firenze, Le Monnier, 1968 Singh, G., Leopardi and the Theory of Poetry, Kentucky U. Press, 1964 MATTERS RELATING TO THE TEXTS, EDITIONS, CONCORDANCES, COMMENTARIES: Leopardi, Giacomo, Canti / Giacomo Leopardi; edizione critica di Emilio Peruzzi; con la reproduzione degli

autografi, Milano: Rizzoli, 1981. MAIN: 1)851.75 1 STANDARD Leopardi, Giacomo, Canti / [di Giacomo Leopardi; edizione critica a cura di Francesco Moroncini;

presentazione di Gianfranco Folena, Bologna: Cappelli, 1978. MAIN: 1)851.75-SAV 1 STANDARD Bacchelli, Riccardo, Leopardi. Commenti letterari (annotated ‘Canti’), Milano, Mondadori, 1960 (1962) De Robertis, Domenico, Una contraffazione d’autore. Il passero di Leopardi, Firenze, Licosa, 1977 Luiso, F.P., Ranieri e Leopardi. Storia di una edizione, Firenze, Sansoni, ? ON LEOPARDI’S IDEAS, POLITICS, RELATIONSHIP WITH THE ENLIGHTENMENT: Tilgher, Adriano, La filosofia di Leopardi; e Studi leopardiani / Adriano Tilgher; a cura di Massimiliano

Boni, Bologna: Boni, 1979. MAIN: 1)851.75-TIL 1 STANDARD Battaglia, S., Ideologia letteraria di Giacomo Leopardi, 1968. MAIN 1) 851.75-BAT 1 STANDARD Luporini, Cesare, Leopardi progressivo / Cesare Luporini, Roma: Riuniti, 1980. MAIN: 1)851.75-LUP 1

STANDARD Pelosi, Pietro, Leopardi fisico e metafisico / Pietro Pelosi. Edition: 2. ed. riv. e ampliata, Napoli: Federico &

Ardia, [1992?]. MAIN: 1)851.75-PEL 1 STANDARD Borsellino, Nino, Il socialismo della “Ginestra”: poesia e poetiche leopardiane / Nino Borsellino,

Poggibonsi: Lalli, [1988?]. MAIN: 1)851.75-BOR 1 STANDARD Bosco, Umberto, Titanismo e pietà in Giacomo Leopardi, Firenze, De Sanctis, 1959 Addamiano, Natale, Giacomo Leopardi: Il filosofo, il poeta, Milano, Il Conciliatore, 1976 Battaglia, Salvatore, L’ideologia letteraria di Giacomo Leopardi, Napoli, Liguori, 1968 Biral, Bruno, La posizione storica di Giacomo Leopardi, Torino, Einaudi, 1974 Binni, Walter, La nuova poetica leopardiana, Firenze, Sansoni, 1947 Bonadeo, Alfredo, Il corpo e il vigore nello ‘Zibaldone’ di Leopardi, in Italianistica, v,1, Jan-Apr 1976 Botti, F., La nobiltà del poeta. Saggio su Leopardi, Napoli, Liguori, 1979 Burchi, Elisabetta, Il progetto leopardiano: I pensieri, Roma, Bulzoni, 1980 Cecioni, G., Lingua e cultura nel pensiero di Pietro Giordani, Roma, Bulzoni, 1977 Consoli, Domenico, Leopardi, Natura e societ, Roma, Studium, 1977 Flora, Francesco, Leopardi e la letteratura francese, Milano, Malfasi, 1947 Frattini, A., Letteratura e scienza in Leopardi e altri studi leopardiani, Milano, Marzorati, 1978

25

Gentile, Giovanni, Manzoni e Leopardi, Milano, Treves, 1928 Jacomuzzi, Angelo, La canzone Leopardiana "Alla sua donna",in Italianistica, iv, 1, 1975 Jonard, N., Giacomo Leopardi: Essai de biographie intellectuelle, Dijon, L’Université de Dijon, 1977 Jonard, Norbert, et al., Il caso Leopardi, Palermo, Palumbo, 1974 Luporini, Cesare, Leopardi progressivo, Roma, Editori Riuniti, 1980 Mariani, Adriano, Sulla tematica leopardiana dell’"infinito", in Italianistica, v,2, May-Aug 1976 Marzot, G., Storia del riso leopardiano, Milano, Treves, 1938 Naddei, C. M., Momento del pensiero greco nella problematica leopardiana, Lecce, Milella, 1977 Naddei, M. C., L’eterno e il tempo in Giacomo Leopardi poeta filosofo, Napoli, Libreria Scientifica Editrice,

1973 Prete, Antonio, Il pensiero poetante. Saggio su Leopardi Milano, Feltrinelli, 1980 Stacchini, Vanna Gazzola, Alle origini del ‘sentimento’ leopardiano, Napoli, Guida, 1974 Tilgher, Adriano, La filosofia di Leopardi, Roma, 1940 (and later eds) Tilgher, Adriano, La filosofia di Leopardi e studi leopardiani, (ed. M. Boni), Bologna, Boni, 1979 Timpanaro, Sebastiano, The Pessimism of Giacomo Leopardi, in New Left Review, no. 116 Stacchini, Vanna Gazzola, Leopardi politico, Bari, De Donato, 1974 Vallese, G., Le canzoni patriottiche del Leopardi, Napoli, Morra, 1967 Centro Nazionale di Studi Leopardiani, Leopardi e il Settecento, Firenze, Olschki, 1964 Fubini, Mario, La cultura illuministica in Italia (chap XX), Torino, ERI, 1964 Timpanaro, Sebastiano, Classicismo e illuminismo nell’Ottocento italiano, Pisa, Nistri-Lischi, 1965 (2nd ed.

1969) LEOPARDI’S CLASSICISM: Conference author: Convegno internazionale di studi leopardiani (5th: 1980: Recanati), Leopardi e il mondo

antico: atti del V Convegno internazionale di studi leopardiani (Recanati 22-25 settembre 1980), Firenza: Leo S. Olschki, 1983. MAIN: 1)FOLIO--851.75-CON 1 STANDARD

THE LATE LEOPARDI: Binni, Walter, Pensiero e poesia nell’ultimo Leopardi / Walter Binni, Napoli: Istituto Suor Orsola

Benincasa, [1989]. MAIN: 1)851.75-BIN 1 STANDARD Panicara, Vittorio, La nuova poesia di Giacomo Leopardi: una lettura critica della Ginestra / Vittorio

Panicara, [Firenze]: Olschki, 1997. MAIN: 1)851.75-PAN 1 STANDARD Marti, Mario, I tempi dell’ultimo Leopardi: (con una “Giunta” su Leopardi e Virgilio) / Mario Marti,

Galatina: Congedo, 1988. MAIN: 1)851.75-MAR 1 STANDARD Caserta, Ernesto G, L’ultimo Leopardi: pensiero e poesia / Ernesto G. Caserta, Roma: Bonacci, 1980.

MAIN: 1)851.75-CAS 1 STANDARD ON THE OPERETTE MORALI AND THE PARALIPOMENI: Vitale, Maurizio, La lingua della prosa di G. Leopardi: le “Operette morali” / Maurizio Vitale, Firenze: La

Nuova Italia, 1992. MAIN: 1)851.75-VIT 1 STANDARD Circeo, Ermanno, La poesia satirico-politica del Leopardi / Ermanno Circeo, Roma: Ateneo & Bizzarri,

1978. MAIN: 1)851.75-CIR 1 STANDARD Burchi, Elisabetta, Il progetto leopardiano: i Pensieri / Elisabetta Burchi, Roma: Bulzoni, 1981. MAIN:

1)851.75-BUR 1 STANDARD Cecchetti, Giovanni, Sulle “Operette morali”: tre studi con un postscritto sull’elaborazione dei “Canti” /

Giovanni Cecchetti, Roma: Bulzoni, 1978. MAIN: 1)851.75-CEC 1 STANDARD BIBLIOGRAPHY: Carini, Ermanno, Bibliografia analitica leopardiana: (1971-1980) / Ermanno Carini; a cura del Centro

nazionale di studi leopardiani in Recanati, Firenze: Olschki, 1986. MAIN: 1)851.75-CAR 1 STANDARD

26

Lent Term 2005 Lecturer: Prof. David Robey (d.j.b.robey@reading.ac.uk)

Italian Narrative and Poetry in the Nineteenth Century

Giovanni Verga’s I Malavoglia Required reading:

Giovanni Verga, I Malavoglia (any edition)

Course breakdown Week 1: Introduction

Week 2: " "

Week 3: French Naturalism and Verga's early work

Week 4: Verga's literary 'conversion'

Week 5: I Malavoglia : themes and structure

Week 6: " " "

Week 7:

Week 8: Seminar on I Malavoglia

Week 9: Verga's later work

Week 10: Conclusion

Essay Questions:

(1) Discuss the narrative technique and structure of I Malavoglia .

(2) How is Verga's theme of i vinti reflected in I Malavoglia?

Further reading:

A. Alexander, Giovanni Verga 853.84-ALE

F.W.J. Hemmings, The Age of Realism 809.3-HEM

Woolf, D., Art of Verga, 1977. 853.84-WOO

Luperini, Romano, Pessimismo e verismo in Giovanni Verga, 1968. 853.84-LUP

Ragonese, G., Interpretazione del Verga, 1977. 853.84-RAG

Asor Rosa, Alberto, Caso Verga, 1973. 853.84-ASO

Cecchetti, G., Verga maggiore, 1968. 853.84-CEC; Giovanni Verga, 1978 (in English) ON ORDER

Marzot, G., Preverismo, Verga e la generazione verghiana, 1965. 853.84-MAR

Russo, L. , Giovanni Verga, 1947. 853.84-RUS