Italian GHG Inventory Waste sector Workshop on Inventories and Projections of Greenhouse Gas...

Italian GHG Inventory Waste

sector

Workshop on Inventories and Projections of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Waste2-3 May 2005, EEA Copenhagen

APATAgency for the protection of the environment and

for technical services

Barbara Gonella

Institutions involved in the compiling of national emission

inventory

The national Agency for the Protection of the environment and for Technical services (APAT) is responsible for the compilation of the national air emission inventory – including the waste sector - through the collection, elaboration and diffusion of data, in the framework of the United Nation Convention on Climate Change and the UNECE Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollutant.


Relevance of the waste sector for Italy in 2003 (GHG in CO2eq)


2%

7%7%

0,4%

84%

1. Energy 2. Industrial Processes3. Solvent and Other Product Use 4. Agriculture 6. Waste


Key categories

In the following box, key and non-key sources of the waste sector are presented based on level, trend or both.

CH4 emissions from landfills and from wastewater handling, and N2O emissions from wastewater handling, are key sources according to both level and trend assessment.

6.A Solid Waste Disposal on Land KEY (L, T)

6.B Wastewater Handling KEY (L2, T2) KEY (L2, T2)

6.C Waste Incineration NON KEY NON KEY NON KEY

6.D Other (Compost Production) NON KEY

CO2 CH4 N2O

Relevance of the sub-sources in the waste sector in 2003 (GHG in

CO2eq)


76,1%

4,3%

19,6%

6A. Solid waste disposal on land 6B. Wastewater handling

6C. Waste incineration 6D. Other (compost production)

Methodologies, procedures, sources of activity data to estimate GHG

emissions from waste sector


Method Activity Emission Method Activity Emission Method Activity Emissionapplied Data Factor applied Data Factor applied Data Factor

6.A

man. IPCC Tier 2

National Statistics

IPCC Default and Country

Specific

unman. IPCC Tier 2

National Statistics

IPCC Default and Country

Specific

6.B

ind. IPCC Default

National and International

Statistics

IPCC Default

IPCC Default

National and International

StatisticsCorinair

dom. IPCC Default

National Statistics

IPCC Default

IPCC Default

National Statistics

IPCC Default

6.C IPCC Default

National Statistics

Country Specific

IPCC Default

National Statistics

CorinairIPCC

DefaultNational Statistics

Country Specific

6.D Country Specific

National Statistics

Country Specific

CO2 CH4 N2O

Annual Report by APAT specifically on Waste Production and Management (available from 1996)

Yearly Report by the National Statistic Institute

Sector Studies by Environmental Ministry

Communications by Waste Management Industrial Union

Main sources of activity data


Yearly Report by the National Energy Manager


Critical assumption and parameters to estimate GHG emissions from

waste sectorSolid Waste Disposal on Land WASTE COMPOSITION: Study at national level available for

1995; improvement are expected due to entering in force of landfill Directive.

CH4 FRACTION IN BIOGAS (F): IPCC value (50%); improvement are expected due to entering in force of landfill Directive.

CH4 RECOVERED:

Data on landfill gas flared available for 1991-1992-1993.

Data on energy recovered from landfill gas, available yearly from 1990 published by the National Energy Manager.

Recent research (2003), quite complete, for Lombardy Region on landfill gas recovered (both flared and energy use).


National National National National National IPCCWaste

composition by weight

Moisture contentOrganic Carbon

content

Fraction of Biodegradable Organic Carbon

Biodegradable Organic Carbon

Biodegradable Organic Carbon

Waste Composition(KgRSUi/100Kg

wet RSU) %(KgC/Kg dry

RSU) %(KgC/100Kg wet

RSU)(KgC/100Kg wet

RSU)

Food 26,31 60% 0,48 80% 4,04 3,95

Garden and park 4,48 50% 0,48 70% 0,75 1,05

Paper 30,13 8% 0,44 50% 6,10 12,05

Textiles 5,13 10% 0,55 20% 0,51 2,05

Wood and staw - 20% 0,50 50%

DOC 11,40 19,10

IPCC National IPCC IPCC National National

Managed 1 0,1140 50% 50% 38,00 51,35Unmanaged 0,6 0,1140 50% 50% 22,80 30,81

Fraction of methane in landfill gas

L0 (KgCH4/tRSU)

L0 (m3CH4/tRSU)

Landfill site

Methane Correction Factor DOC

DOC dissimilated in

landfill gas


waste sectorSolid Waste Disposal on Land



waste sectorWastewater

Handling In Italy wastewater handling is managed mainly using

aerobic treatment plants, where the complete-mix activated sludge process is more frequently designed.

It is assumed that domestic and commercial wastewaters are treated 100% aerobically, whereas industrial wastewaters are treated 85% aerobically and 15% anaerobically.

The stabilization of sludge, both in domestic and industrial wastewater treatment plants, occur in aerobic or anaerobic reactors; whereas anaerobic digestion is used, the reactors are of course covered and provided of gas recovery.

A percentage from 2 to 5% of domestic and commercial wastewater is treated in Imhoff tanks, where the digestion of sludge occur anaerobically without gas recovery



waste sectorWaste Incineration

A complete data base of incineration plants has been built.

For each plant a lot of information has been included, among which:

the year of the construction and possible upgrade; the typology of combustion chamber and gas treatment

section; if the plant is provided of energy recovery (thermal or electric); the type and amount of waste incinerated (municipal,

industrial, etc.).



waste sectorCompost

ProductionThe amount of waste treated in composting plant has shown a 17-fold increase from 1990 to 2003 (363,519 t to 6,090,638 t)

Composting from unselected waste.

100% to compost

30% to compost

Information published by APAT on waste treatment plants:

Composting from selected waste fractions (market, garden and park, food industry).

National National IPCC IPCC

Waste biodegradabilityHalf life

Methane genration rate

constantHalf life

Methane genration rate

constant

Rapidly biodegradable 1 year 0,69 3 year 0,23

Medium biodegradable 5 years 0,14 14 years 0,05

Slowly biodegradable 15 years 0,05 23 years 0,03

Average 2,66 years 0,26

The Centralized Review took place in Bonn, from 11 to 15 October 2004.

Italy was encouraged to review the maximum CH4 generation rate used for the whole time series (k=0.4).

The new value (k=0.26) has been calculated on the basis of the national waste composition.

The next September 2005, Italy will host the In-country Review.


Issues by UNFCCC Review Process


QA/QC Procedures Solid Waste Disposal on Land

A comparison of the national EFs and parameters used for the estimation with the default IPCC values has been done. The main difference refers to the average DOC in the waste and depends on the Italian waste composition.

Wastewater Handling

Industrial specific documentation in the sectors of pulp and paper, food and beverages, leather, such as Environmental Report or technical documentation has been used with the aim to verify wastewater flows and COD concentrations .

Average amount of wastewater per annual production has been compared also with those reported in the technical reports developed in the framework of the Integrated Pollution and Prevention Control (IPPC) Directive of the European Union.

Waste Incineration

Different sources, included APAT and Environmental Ministry, have been used and compared with the aim to reconstruct the time series of municipal, industrial, hospital waste, sludge and waste oil incinerated in each plant with or without energy recovery.

QA/QC Procedures


Compost Production

In addition to information on national composting plants, the Composting Industrial Union provide additional data.

Uncertainty UNCERTAINTY: no specific analysis are available; expert

judgment and IPCC Good Practice Guidance has been used.


CO2 CH4 N2O

COMB.

AD EFCOMB

.AD EF

COMB.

AD EF

6.A

Solid Waste Disposal on Land

22.4% 10% 20%

6.B

Wastewater Handling

58% 50% 30% 42.5 30% 30%

6.C

Waste Incineration

25% 5% 25%

6.D

Other (Compost Production)

100% 10%100%


Time series consistency

Solid Waste Disposal on Land EXAMPLE

The complete database from 1975 of waste production, waste disposal in managed and unmanaged landfills and sludge disposal in landfills has been reconstructed on the basis of available data reported in different sources national legislation and regression models based on population.

1975 12.398.435 2.158.000 14.556.435 64,2 30,41976 12.776.806 2.221.000 14.997.806 66,1 30,41977 13.155.177 2.284.000 15.439.177 67,9 30,41978 13.533.549 2.347.000 15.880.549 69,7 32,81979 13.911.920 2.410.000 16.321.920 71,6 35,31980 14.290.291 2.473.000 16.763.291 73,4 37,71981 14.668.663 2.536.000 17.204.663 75,3 40,11982 15.047.034 2.599.000 17.646.034 77,1 42,61983 15.425.405 2.662.000 18.087.405 79,0 45,01984 15.803.777 2.725.000 18.528.777 80,8 47,41985 16.182.148 2.788.000 18.970.148 82,7 49,91986 16.560.519 2.851.000 19.411.519 84,5 52,31987 16.938.891 2.914.000 19.852.891 86,4 54,81988 17.317.262 2.977.000 20.294.262 88,2 57,21989 18.222.508 3.040.000 21.262.508 89,7 59,61990 19.127.754 3.103.000 22.230.754 91,1 62,11991 20.033.000 3.166.000 23.199.000 92,6 64,51992 20.915.004 3.521.245 24.436.249 91,0 66,01993 22.509.932 3.876.490 26.386.422 89,2 67,61994 22.679.012 4.231.735 26.910.747 88,0 69,11995 21.503.874 4.276.149 25.780.023 85,5 70,61996 21.639.418 4.320.562 25.959.980 83,3 72,11997 22.239.664 4.365.536 26.605.200 80,0 73,01998 22.426.220 4.420.506 26.846.726 77,4 73,91999 23.890.105 4.473.809 28.363.914 76,7 74,82000 24.418.104 4.540.438 28.958.542 75,7 75,72001 24.814.797 4.594.075 29.408.872 68,0 68,02002 25.216.017 4.647.711 29.863.728 63,1 63,12003 25.336.731 4.701.348 30.038.079 59,9 59,92004 25.953.366 4.754.984 30.708.351 43,3 43,32005 26.846.131 4.808.621 31.654.752 35,0 35,02006 27.502.889 4.864.923 32.367.812 30,6 30,62007 28.078.695 4.921.224 32.999.919 26,2 26,22008 28.655.071 4.977.526 33.632.597 21,8 21,82009 29.091.989 5.033.827 34.125.816 17,4 17,42010 29.730.412 5.090.129 34.820.541 13,0 13,0

MSW landfilled (%)

MSW landfilled in managed sites

(%)

Domestic Solid Waste Production

(tons)

Commercial Solid Waste Production

(tons)

Municipal Solid Waste Production

(tons)Year


Consistency of inventory between energy and waste sector

Reporting of waste incineration

Emissions from waste incineration facilities without energy recovery are reported under category 6C.

Emissions from waste incineration facilities which produce electricity or heat for energetic purposes are reported under categories 1A2 (Manufacturing industries and construction) and 1A4a (Commercial/Institutional), according to the IPCC reporting guidelines.

In 2003, waste incineration reported under 6C accounts for 167.7 Gg CO2, whereas the emissions reported under 1A accounts for 1,175.3 Gg CO2.


Consistency of inventory between energy and waste sector

Number of total incineration plant with or without energy recovery (2003)

91

1316

62

38

22

13

30

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Northern Italy Central Italy Southern Italy TOT.

Incineration plant with energy recovery Incineration plant without energy recovery

29,5%

70,5%

ContactRiccardo De Lauretis Barbara [email protected] [email protected]

http://www.apat.gov.it

Italian GHG Inventory Waste sector Workshop on Inventories and Projections of Greenhouse Gas...

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