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TECHNICAL REPORT
OF
STUDENTS INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE
SCHEME (SIWES)
BY
IBITOYE AHMAD ADEWALE
REG. NO.: 08283006
COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF SCIENCE
UNIVERSITY OF ABUJA
SIWES COORDINATING UNIT
P.M.B 117, FCT
ABUJA
MARCH, 2012.
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DEDICATION
I humbly dedicated this report to Almighty Allah (SWT), for seeing me through my industrial work
experience, and to my parents for their love, support, and encouragement. Also to My SIWES
Coordinator, Supervisor, and my entire colleague at my place of attachment and of course DBI for
an experience well shared.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
A work of this nature cannot be done and produced successfully without the help, goodwill, co-operation and moral assistance of others. This is to say that this work is not a product of my
personal effort since nobody is an Island and A tree cannot make a forest so to say.
First and foremost, I want to acknowledge Almighty Allah (SWT) that makes it possible for me to
successfully complete my SIWES placement in this reputable organisation. I also wish to
acknowledge the various people who helped in no small measure to make this piece see the light of
the day. I relish their critique and inquisitive nature.
Foremost, is Mr Nwanze Okwonkwo, a mentor, whose guidance and encouragement I enjoyed
immensely. My appreciation also goes to my supervisor for his academic support. Mr Akin, a
father figure to be proud of. Hajia Amina, Mrs Nonso Juliet for their unflinching support. May the
cordial relationship continue to wax even stronger. My immense thanks equally goes to the
Principal Manager IT, Dr Shehu M. Olaniyan and all staff of the (IT) unit of Digital Bridge
Institute.
I also wish to acknowledge the contributions of my colleagues at DBI which refers to no fewer
than Dennis Terang, John Aboh, Ishaq Umar, Amos Victor and a host of others. I thank them all
because their friendship and moral support greatly spurred me into action to accomplish this work.
My profound appreciation also to my wonderful institution UNIVERSITY OF ABUJA for giving
me this great opportunity. Friends and well wishers as well.
Finally, my grand appreciation goes to Alhaji Sikiru A. Ibitoye, Hajia Amudat B. Ibitoye, Hajia
Tawakalit S. Ibitoye and Hajia Aisha A. Ibitoye. I will ever remain grateful to them.
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TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE PAGE
DEDICATION..
i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .. ii
TABLE OF CONTENT .. iii
INTRODUCTION (ABOUT SIWES) .. 1
ABOUT ITF .. 2
PLACE OF ATTACHMENT .. 3
SUMMARY .. 25
CONCLUSION .. 26
RECOMMENDATION .. 27
REFERENCE .. 28
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INTRODUCTION
ABOUT SIWES
Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) was established
by ITF in 1973 to solve the problem of lack of adequate practical skills
preparatory for employment in industries by Nigerian graduates of tertiary
institutions.
The Scheme exposes students to industry based skills necessary for a smooth
transition from the classroom to the world of work. It affords students of
tertiary institutions the opportunity of being familiarized and exposed to the
needed experience in handling machinery and equipment which are usually
not available in the educational institutions.
Funding - The Federal Government of Nigeria
Expose students to work methods and techniques in handlingequipment and machinery that may not be available in their
institutions.
Provide students with an opportunity to apply their knowledgein real work situation thereby bridging the gap between
theory and practice
Provide an avenue for students in institutions of higherlearning to acquire industrial skills and experience in their
course of study
Prepare students for the industrial work situation they are tomeet after graduation
Make the transition from school to the world of work easier, and enhance
students contacts for later job placement.
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ABOUT ITF
Established in 1971, the Industrial Training Fund has operated consistently
and painstakingly within the context of its enabling laws, i.e. Decree 47 of1971. The objective for which the Fund was established has been pursued
vigorously and efficaciously. In the three decades of its existence, the ITF has
not only raised training consciousness in the economy, but has also helped in
generating a corps of skilled indigenous manpower which has been manning
and managing various sectors of the national economy.
As part of its responsibilities, the ITF provides Direct Training, Vocational and
Apprentice Training, Research and Consultancy Service, Reimbursement of up
to 60% Levy paid by employers of labor registered with it, and administers the
Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES). It also provides human
resource development information and training technology service to industry
and commerce to enhance their manpower capacity and in-house training
delivery effort.
The main thrust of ITF programs and services is to stimulate human
performance, improve productivity, and induce value-added production in
industry and commerce. Through its SIWES, Vocational and Apprentice
Training Programs, the Fund also builds capacity for graduates and youth self-
employment, in the context of Small Scale Industrialization, in the economy.
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PLACE OF ATTACHMENT
BRIEF HISTORY OF DIGITAL BRIDGE INSTITUTE
Digital Bridge Institute was established by the National Communicationcommission (NCC) and launched by the then President of Nigeria, President
Olusegun Obasanjo on May 2004 in the wake of the phenomenal world-wide
growth of the Telecommunications (telecoms) and Information
Communications Technology (ICT) sectors, which has been especially well
noted in Nigeria. The country by then has witnessed significant drops in costs,
and increased access to data and other IT enabled services. Led by the
successful auction of Digital Mobile Licensing by Nigerian Communications
Commission (NCC) - the government regulator, and the subsequent roll out of
mobile services, increased number of operators, and significant increased
private capital investment, the sector as a whole has been challenged by a
lack of trained and suitably qualified human resources.
Digital Bridge Institute (DBI) is an initiative of the Nigerian
telecommunications regulator, the Nigerian Communications Commission
(NCC), which is under the Ministry of Information and Communications to
proactively sustain and drive the growth trends of the Nigerian telecoms
marketplace. Shortly after the phenomenally successful deregulation of the
Nigerian telecoms sector, NCC observed that there was not enough qualified
technical and managerial workforce in the country to support the rapidly
growing Nigerian telecoms industry. Accordingly, NCC established DBI with the
following mandate:
To serve as a focal point for human resource developmentand workforce capacity building, on matters relating to
telecoms and ICT in Nigeria.
To offer a comprehensive portfolio of hands-on engineeringand technical training programs for professionals and
practitioners in the telecoms and IT industry. The program
shall encompass every subject matter that affects proper
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implementation and management of telecoms, and internet
infrastructures.
To focus on educating and training personnel in all spheres oftelecoms and IT at postgraduate and diploma levels.
To educate and train policy makers, regulators, legislators,economists, accountants, judges, lawyers, bankers and other
high-profile professionals to understand and contribute to the
development of national policies on ICT and Telecoms This
includes Telecoms regulation, legislation, interconnectivity,
billing, costing, tariffs, charges, license management,
spectrum management, business opportunities, venture
financing, multilateral trade agreements, global information
society initiatives, future trends and analysis, etc.
To provide capability to formulate and implement pilotprojects demonstrating the application of ICT in the relevant
fields of importance in Nigeria and Africa.
To develop state-of-the art multimedia training facility on allof its campuses that can support video conferencing, distance
learning, E-learning, and in-class training options.
DBI provides service to the public (all sectors) with a focus in
Telecoms and ICT. It is a registered for-profit organization
incorporated under the Companies and Allied Matters Act 1990. DBI is
a Corporation Limited by Guarantee. It is a private organization that is
formed by a government parastatal.
DBI has campuses located in Abuja (North Central), Lagos (South West) and
Kano (North East). Plans are on the way to build additional 3 centers in Yola
(North East), Enugu (South East), and Asaba (South-South). The Abuja
campus is the institutes academic and administrative headquarters. DBI
current campus addresses are as follows:
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DBI experience and strength
Location: With campuses in Abuja, Lagos and Kano the 3largest cities in Nigeria - DBI is well situated to reach the
primary demand sector areas in Nigeria. This access tostudents and partners in the demand sector is a key attribute
of the DBI.
Experienced and diverse management capacity: Withthe recasting of the board of directors to include key demand
sector representation as well as the backgrounds of the
President and Vice Presidents, DBI has a unique and broad-
based set of expertise to design, administer and implement
ITeS activities. Under this leadership structure are individuals
with distinguished research, administrative, and
implementation experience. In addition, a forward-looking
dynamic approach has been adopted by the new management
team. Strong support of NCC: DBI has strong and unwavering
support of the NCC. This includes commitments from every
level to make the DBI a constellation of excellence. Good alliance nesting: Nigerian and international partner
networks. The DBI is well situated at a crossroads of different
academic and training constellations with partners in Nigeria,
the UK, and the US, and with anticipated partnership in
Sweden and Malaysia. DBI, at the center of these
constellations, is well situated to have strong international
partnerships with committed partners. Strong demand sector needs: The demand sector, which has
acute ICT and telecoms human resource demand needs, has a
high demand for DBI products/services. This is a critically
important element especially in the next few years as it
means that DBI products/services can be readily marketed so
long as they meet the need of the demand sector.
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Digital Bridge Institute is also affiliated to 6 prominent
Institutions of Higher learning namely:
University of Southern California, USA. University Nigeria Nsukka (UNN), Nigeria. Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto (UDUS), Nigeria. London Metropolitan University (LMU), UK. George Mason University (GMU), Virginia, USA. Federal Polytechnic Nekede, Owerri, Nigeria.
The institute awards Masters Degree, Post graduate Diploma and Higher
National Diploma in ICT and telecommunication studies.
VISION STATEMENT
To be a world-class centre for Telecommunications and Information
Technology Training and Education
MISSION STATEMENT
To contribute to the creation of a knowledge- based information society in
Africa, through human resource capacity building in the Information and
Communications Technology
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Organization Chart
Digital Bridge Institute is an organization with a structured
administration. The role of each Employee in the chain of command is
well cut out as shown in the organogram below:
ORGANOGRAM FOR DIGITAL BRIDGE INSTITUTE
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Information Technology Software (ITSO) Department
I was attached to the Information Technology Software (ITSO) department
under the supervision of the Head ITSO department. On resumption at ITSO, Iwas introduced to the staff of the department and was briefed on my
responsibilities in the department.
IT UNIT GOALS
At the IT Unit, we engage in carrying out maintenance work on Internet
connection of computers, troubleshooting of faulty systems, Installation of
software, installation of toners for printers etc.
Basically, we:
Provide efficient IT services to users Are proactive to our customers needs Deploy reliable technology as soon as the needs arises. Simplify user interface so that our customers do not
require experts knowledge to operate IT systems
GENERAL MAINTENANCE IN THE INSTITUTE
Maintenance and repairs of computer peripherals and network
connections during and after trainings was part of the responsibilities I
was saddled with along with other technical support officers.
Personal Computers (PC)
Desktops and Laptops.Before getting started with personal computers, it is good practice to look into
the structure of a basic computer system. Every computer system is made up
of the same basic components. Here, we just want to point out what the
important components are. These components are:
Processor Motherboard The case
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RAM Graphics Card Hard Drive Optical Drive Power Supply
The Processor
The Processor (CPU) is the "brain" of your computer, the thing that
carries out the tasks you give it. Better CPUs can perform more tasks at
once, and perform them faster.
The Motherboard
The motherboard connects all the other components to one another, and
is the physical base upon which you build everything else. It contains a
lot of your machine's core features, like the number of USB ports, the
number of expansion cards you can put in (such as video, sound, and
Wi-Fi), and also determines how big your computer will be.
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The Case
The case holds all of your computer's parts together.
The RAM
RAM, or Random Access Memory, is your computer's short-term
memory. It stores data your computer needs quick access to to help
your programs run faster, and help you run more programs at one time.
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The Graphics Card
The Graphics card, or GPU, is a processor specifically designed to handle
graphics. It's what you hook your monitor up to, and it's what draws
your desktop and your windows on the screen.
The Hard DriveThe hard drives are what stores all of your data, ranging from your
operating system to your documents, music, and movies. If the RAM is
your computer's short-term memory, your hard drive is the long-term
memory. It stores the things you want to keep around for awhile.
The Optical drive
An optical drive, more commonly known as a CD or DVD drive, is what
you'll use to read CDs, DVDs, and even Blu-Ray discs.
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The Power Supply
The power supply directs electricity to the other components in your
machine.
PCs are the primary component of a workstation. This means that the PCs are
used very frequently and as such are prone to failure. The usual problems of
PCs at the organization were:
Malfunctioning Keyboards, Mouse or Monitors. System failure: Mostly a corrupted Hard Disk. System failure: At the Operating System (OS) Startup level Slow performance. Installation and Upgrade of Antivirus and Regular software
updates.
Malfunctioning Keyboards, Mouse or Monitors.
The source of such malfunction at most times is lack of proper
maintenance by the user. Malfunction may be due to improper cable
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connection between the Central Processing Unit (CPU) of the PC and
the device or a faulty cable altogether. The solutions for such problem
are to connect the cable properly if it is a bad connection situation or
replace the cable in case of faulty cables.
System failure: Hard Disk Drive
The hard disk is a device that acts as the data storage unit of a PC. If a hard
drive fails, that is, if it is not recognized by the system any longer, it has to be
unscrewed and disconnected from its former position and connected as a slave
(secondary hard drive) to another system, to retrieve the important data that
was saved on it prior to its failure. The new systems hard drive is now known
as the master or primary hard drive.
System failure: At the Operating System (OS) Startup level
When an error message such as boot mgr is missing, the computer fails to
from the OS, which results in a system failure at the Start-up level. Start up
error is the error generated when a PC does not Boot-up (Start-up). This error
can be attributed to Hard Disk failure or improper shutdown during a previous
use. If such error persists after multiple attempts at restarting, the Operating
System of the PC should be repaired or restored. If this issue still persists, an
operating system recovery should be done which is available in modern
computers. In a case where the recovery option is not available, a system
format may be necessary before which a system backup should be done.
Slow Performance.Slow performance is when a PC does not respond in expected time
causing loss in productivity. It is usually attributed to little hard disk
free space, low Random Access Memory (RAM) or running too many
commands and programs on the PC. If any of these aforementioned
were suspected, steps were taken to address such problems such as
creating free space on hard disk by deleting data, upgrading the RAM
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by installing another of higher capacity and reducing the number or
commands and programs run on the PC at the same time.
Installation and Upgrade of Antivirus and Regular software
updates.
Anti-virus is a software program that prevents other malicious programs
(virus) access to a PC. Therefore, it is important that every PC has an anti-
virus installed and is regularly updated. Regular Anti-virus updates helps the
computer to be prepared against the latest virus around.
Also, Operating System updates when necessary and other PC
software updates are important so as to provide users with the latest
product and better services.
Networks Internet.
Network connectivity in the Institute was a major need and also a major
challenge. Initial troubles arose from poor logistics. After restructuring the
network, the troubles were less although still present.
It was noticed however that user abuse and mismanagement were key factors
in problems affecting network connectivity. These infractions include:
Pulling LAN cables by their cord instead of removing the cablethrough the RJ-45 plug.
Stepping on LAN cables thereby breaking them internally. Tampering with default user settings. Partial Contact with the connectors.
Structured cabling and User awareness were used to deal with these
situations and we recorded a drop in network connectivity issues. With
faulty RJ-45 connectors, the cable had to be re-terminated (re-
crimped).
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Overview and maintenance of the network connection in the
institute.
When dealing with connectivity it is important to know that many
electronic components make up a network, which includes personalcomputers, servers, networking devices, and cables. These
components can be grouped into four main categories namely:
HostsShared peripheralsNetworking devicesNetworking media.Hosts: All devices connected to a network that participate directly
in network communication are classified as hosts. A computer host
can act as a client, a server, or both. The software installed on the
computer determines which role the computer plays. Servers are
hosts that have software installed that enable them to provide
information, like email or web pages, to other hosts on the network.
Each service requires separate server software. For example, a host
requires web server software in order to provide web services to the
network. Clients are computer hosts that have software installed
that enable them to request and display the information obtained
from the server. An example of client software is a web browser,
like Internet Explorer.
Shared peripherals: They are not directly connected to the
network, but are connected to hosts. The host is then responsible
for sharing the peripheral across the network. Hosts have computer
software configured to enable people on the network to use the
attached peripheral devices. A printer is an example of a shared
peripheral.
The network devices: They are electronic components that help in
enhancing distribution of network signals to different host so that
every host can have access to the network at the same time. For
example hubs, patch panel and switches
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Networking media: They are channels by which the network
signals are been transmitted from the transmitter i.e. Server to the
receiver i.e. the hosts. For example Cat 6 network cable and RJ-45
socket.
The main components that make up the network in the Institute include:
CablesRJ-45 ConnectorsHubsSwitchesPatch PanelsRoutersThe server
Cables
This is a network media. In network connections, the Local Area
Network (LAN) cables are a principal part of network connectivity in
the Institute as they are the medium by which information signals
are transferred from one place to another.
LAN Cable Crimping.
Cable crimping is the act of preparing a cable terminal for connection. It is
done by exposing the cable end and attaching a connector. The cable we
crimped was Cat5 cable.
In crimping cables, one must abide to certain standards so as to avoid conflict
and enforce uniformity. The two main Standard of crimping Cat5 Ethernet
Cables are:
Standard Straight-through Crimping. Crossover crimping.
Before creating a Straight-through or crossover cable, it's important to make
sure you have all the necessary tools and materials before you begin. You will
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need a length of CAT cable, several RJ-45 connectors, and a crimp tool. The
basic steps in crimping a cable are mentioned below:
Most crimp tools have two blades: one designed to cut completelythrough a cable and the other designed to strip the cablejacket/insulation. Using the latter blade, strip the cable
jacket/insulation back about an inch, so all the wires inside are
exposed. Care should be taken so as not to cut the inside wires
when stripping the cables insulation.
With the jacket/insulation removed, you'll find eight wires and astring inside the CAT 5 cable. Cut the string off, and untwist the
wires back to within one-eighth inch of the jacket.
Fan the wires out from left to right in the order they are to becrimped. The crimping order depends on the type of cable you
are making.
Grasp the wires firmly between your fingers and flatten them toremove their curliness. The wires must lay flat and together,
aligned as closely as possible while trying not to get them out of
order.
While holding them firmly, cut off about a half-inch of theexposed wires, so they are all the same length.
Slide the RJ-45 connector onto the wires, making sure the wiresstay lined up. The connector has eight slots, one for each wire.
Try to make each wire reach the end of its slot. The cable
jacket/insulation should reach just beyond the end of the crimp
point. If the insulation doesnt reach far enough inside the
connector or if the wires dont reach the end of their slots, cut the
wires off a bit more. If the cable jacket/insulation reaches too far
past the crimp point, simply trim off a little more
jacket/insulation.
Next, verify all the wires are in the correct order, and insert theconnector into the crimping tool then crimp it. This requires a
little bit of strength, and you may need to use two hands.
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DIAGRAM TO SHOW STRAIGHT RULE AND CROSSOVER LAN CONNECTIONS
RJ-45 Connectors
RJ45 is a standard type of connector for network cables. RJ45 connectors
are most commonly seen withEthernetcables and networks.
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RJ45 connectors feature eight pins to which the wire strands of a cable
interface electrically. Standard RJ-45 pinouts define the arrangement of
the individual wires needed when attaching connectors to a cable.
Hubs.
Hubs are networking devices. They were used in the institute to create more
workstations in the classes when we were out of patch panel ports. They are
installed at the Access Layer of an Ethernet/Local Area network. Hubs contain
multiple ports that are used to connect hosts to the network. Hubs are simple
devices that do not have the necessary electronics to decode the messages
sent between hosts on the network. Hubs cannot determine which host should
get any particular message. A hub simply accepts electronic signals from one
port and regenerates (or repeats) the same message out to all the other
ports.
A HUB
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Switches.
Switches on the other hand are network devices that are also used at the
Access Layer. They were used to provide access to the server network and
control over their Local Area Network. Like a hub, a switch connects multiplehosts to the network. Unlike a hub, a switch can forward a message to a
specific host. When a host sends a message to another host on the switch, the
switch accepts and decodes the frames to read the physical Media Access
control (MAC) address portion of the message.
When a hub is connected to a switch port, collisions can occur on the
hub. The hub forwards to all ports the damaged messages resulting
from a collision. The switch receives the garbled message, but, unlike a
hub, a switch does not forward the damaged messages caused by
collisions.
A SWITCH IN ONE OF THE CLASSES IN THE INSTITUTE
Patch Panels.
Patch Panels are more like adapters. They are usually fitted on a rack or on
walls in the institute. All a Patch panel does is provide access or connection to
another hub or switch. They are utilized for convenience and to ensure a
structured cabling system.
Switch
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RJ-11/RJ-45 FACEPLATE/ PATCH PANEL
Routers.
In the Institution, there are two routers on every floor i.e. two local area
network (broadcast domain) on each floor. A router is a networking device
that connects a local network to other local networks. At the Distribution Layerof the network, routers direct traffic and perform other functions critical to
efficient network operation. Routers, like switches, are able to decode and
read the messages that are sent to them.
Unlike switches, which only decode (de-encapsulate) the frame containing the
Media Access Control (MAC) address information, routers decode the packet
that is encapsulated within the frame.
When a router receives a frame, it decodes the frame to get to the packet
containing the destination IP address. It matches the address of the
destination to all of the networks that are contained in the routing table. If the
destination network address is in the table, the router encapsulates the packet
in a new frame in order to send it out. It forwards the new frame out of the
interface associated with the path, to the destination network. The process of
forwarding the packets toward their destination network is called ROUTING.
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Router interfaces do not forward messages that are addressed to the
broadcast Media Access Control (MAC) address. As a result, local network
broadcasts are not sent across routers to other local networks.
.
A ROUTER (Front) (Rear)
The Server.
A server is software that manages the network. Servers are hosts
that have software installed that enable them to provide
information, like email or web pages, to other hosts on the
network.
There must be client software for every service required. With
multiple clients installed, a host can connect to multiple servers at
the same time. For example, a user can check email and view a
web page while instant messaging and listening to an Internet
radio.
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NETWORK DIAGRAM OF DBI
Testing, Configuring and Installing New ICT Tools/Peripherals
As a support staff, I test new computers and have them reconfigured for use
within the network. Also any new ICT equipment that has been supplied to the
Institute must be checked and their status judged. I tested various
equipments which included computer systems, printers, projectors etc. The
most frequent tests that I carried out were on computer systems and printers.
Testing and Configuration of Printers Power ON the printer and put in the printer cartridge(s). Connect the printer to the computer and install driver Print the test page.
Testing of Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS).
Charge the UPS for the amount of time indicated in the operating manual.
They are usually left to charge over-night. Test it with maximum allowable
load and time its durability.
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Installing ICT tools/Peripherals.
The installation of a peripheral device requires several steps. The order and
detail of these steps varies depending on the type of physical connection and
whether or not the peripheral is a Plug-and-Play (PnP) device. The steps
include:
Connect the peripheral to the host using the appropriate cable orwireless connection.
Connect the peripheral to a power source. Install the appropriate driver.
Some old peripheral devices are not PnP enabled. For these, driver installation
occurs after the device has been connected to the computer and powered up.
For PnP enabled USB devices, the driver is preinstalled on the system. In this
case, when the PnP device is connected and powered on, the operating system
recognizes the device and installs the appropriate driver. Installation of
outdated or wrong drivers can cause a peripheral device to behave
unpredictably. For this reason, it is necessary to install the most currentdrivers available.
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SUMMARY
The Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) is a practical oriented
scheme that is designed to breach the gap between theory and practical. Ithelps to impact scientific, technological skills and ideas into students in
order to acquire the practical experience of the theoretical knowledge
gained in the classroom. This program has also helped to establish a
relationship between the educational sector and the industrial sector. The
knowledge gained as contained in this report ranges from Networking of
systems, configuration of network cables, maintenance of PCs,
troubleshooting of system and printers, application installation deployment
process etc.
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CONCLUSION
The Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) was a very good
experience for me as the importance of this scheme cannot be overemphasized. It helped me build my knowledge base and my confidence. The
Industrial Training no doubt has afforded me the opportunity to have a
firsthand experience of life after school. I particularly was able to learn how to
work within targets and to meet deadlines. I was also able to pass on
knowledge to elderly people which was fulfilling for me.
Some of my notable experiences were:
Being able to serve as training support officer for trainingwhen they held.
Attending Trainings. Being able to sit at the reception once in a while and welcome
people into the institute and direct them wherever they want
to go
Learning about various ways and systems of operations in theinstitute.
Management Experience. Interpersonal relationship with other staffs.
It is with great pleasure that I say that the Student Industrial Work
Experience Scheme was of immense benefit to me.
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RECOMMENDATION
In the light of the challenge I faced during the Industrial Training, I would like
to recommend the following: The University should help in securing placements for
student as it will reduce difficulty in getting placements.
The University should extend the period of SIWES toensure proper training.
Students Should be given more practical work inschools, by developing and equipping the laboratories in
our institutions so that the experience does not seem
entirely new to them.
Visit of the SIWES supervisor to the company where astudent is doing his/her Industrial Training should be
encouraged as this will help the students to take the
program more seriously.
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REFERENCE:
The Complete Guide to Build A Computer By Whitson Gordon Java How to Program By Paul Deitel, Harvey Deitel Networking For Dummies By Doug Lowe.