it ot s - Thorlabs...200 it ot s Manufacturing is a key component of Thorlabs’ identity and...

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200 A Bit About Us Manufacturing is a key component of Thorlabs’ identity and business philosophy. The 2011 acquisition of Austin-based DVC Company, which brought with it a new core competency – scientific camera imaging – is a clear example of how manufacturing is closely tied to our acquisition strategy. When the VA-based Thorlabs Imaging Systems group was formed in 2009, we noticed that many of the systems planned for development shared a common component, a high-grade scientific CCD camera. Admittedly, there are many quality camera companies in the market, but we were looking for a partner that would design a camera based on our needs instead of designing compromises into our systems to accommodate what was available off the shelf. This desire led us to a small company in Texas called DVC Company; their design team had all of the knowledge and capabilities we needed to manufacture low-noise, high-sensitivity CCD cameras for use with microscopes and other high-end optical systems. By 2011, it became obvious that both parties would thrive if Thorlabs acquired DVC and formed a well-funded group, supported by the broader Thorlabs infrastructure. Hence, a new entity, Thorlabs Scientific Imaging (or TSI for short) was formed. While the story, for Thorlabs, that led up to the acquisition was about fulfilling an internal need and further strengthening our vertical manufacturing base, the aspirations of the TSI team are much broader. The TSI group has already released several lines of scientific CCD cameras and will soon release its TDI imaging system, which allows a user to scan an entire slide at high resolution in a fraction of the time it would take using the traditional stop and stare method. With a view towards creating modular platforms, the engineers at TSI work in a multidisciplinary environment that brings together challenging circuit design, optical and mechanical innovation, firmware and software in a camera platform that can be used with a variety of imagers. Jason Mills, the general manager of TSI gave everyone at Thorlabs the clear understanding that TSI’s goal was to be more than just a piece of the Thorlabs Imaging Systems supply chain when he introduced the group to the company by saying, “Our approach is to build a platform that can take advantage of new imagers, interfaces, and other developments to keep pace with the evolution of technology. Most importantly, it is geared towards solving the problems that our customers, both internal and external to Thorlabs, face. To this end, we welcome input from our worldwide customer base and seek to provide a growing array of leading-edge products.” Board-level photograph of the sensor and electronics in one of our scientific cameras.

Transcript of it ot s - Thorlabs...200 it ot s Manufacturing is a key component of Thorlabs’ identity and...

Page 1: it ot s - Thorlabs...200 it ot s Manufacturing is a key component of Thorlabs’ identity and business philosophy. The 2011 acquisition of Austin-based DVC Company, which brought with

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A B

it A

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Us Manufacturing is a key component of Thorlabs’ identity and business philosophy. The 2011 acquisition of

Austin-based DVC Company, which brought with it a new core competency – scientific camera imaging – is a clear example of how manufacturing is closely tied to our acquisition strategy.

When the VA-based Thorlabs Imaging Systems group was formed in 2009, we noticed that many of the systems planned for development shared a common component, a high-grade scientific CCD camera. Admittedly, there are many quality camera companies in the market, but we were looking for a partner that would design a camera based on our needs instead of designing compromises into our systems to accommodate what was available off the shelf.

This desire led us to a small company in Texas called DVC Company; their design team had all of the knowledge and capabilities we needed to manufacture low-noise, high-sensitivity CCD cameras for use with microscopes and other high-end optical systems. By 2011, it became obvious that both parties would thrive if Thorlabs acquired DVC and formed a well-funded group, supported by the broader Thorlabs infrastructure. Hence, a new entity, Thorlabs Scientific Imaging (or TSI for short) was formed.

While the story, for Thorlabs, that led up to the acquisition was about fulfilling an internal need and further strengthening our vertical manufacturing base, the aspirations of the TSI team are much broader. The TSI group has already released several lines of scientific CCD cameras and will soon release its TDI imaging system, which allows a user to scan an entire slide at high resolution in a fraction of the time it would take using the traditional stop and stare method.

With a view towards creating modular platforms, the engineers at TSI work in a multidisciplinary environment that brings together challenging circuit design, optical and mechanical innovation, firmware and software in a camera platform that can be used with a variety of imagers. Jason Mills, the general manager of TSI gave everyone at Thorlabs the clear understanding that TSI’s goal was to be more than just a piece of the Thorlabs Imaging Systems supply chain when he introduced the group to the company by saying, “Our approach is to build a platform that can take advantage of new imagers, interfaces, and other developments to keep pace with the evolution of technology. Most importantly, it is geared towards solving the problems that our customers, both internal and external to Thorlabs, face. To this end, we welcome input from our worldwide customer base and seek to provide a growing array of leading-edge products.”

Board-level photograph of the

sensor and electronics in one of our scientific

cameras.

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CCD Cameras OverviewPages 202 - 205

1.4 MP CCD CamerasPages 206 - 207

4 MP CCD CamerasPages 208 - 209

8 MP CCD CamerasPages 210 - 211

Fast CCD Cameras Pages 212 - 213

Camera Noise TutorialPages 214 - 215

Scientific CamerasSelection Guide

Fluorescence Imaging 1

OCT 106

High Content Imaging 156

Optical Tweezers 186

uScientific Cameras 200

Electrophysiology 216

Optogenetics 252

Workstations 272

Accessories 290

Quick Chapter Guide

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Scientific Cameras

CCD Cameras Overview

1.4 MP CCD Cameras

4 MP CCD Cameras

8 MP CCD Cameras

Fast CCD Cameras

Camera Noise Tutorial

Thorlabs’ Monochrome Scientific CCD Cameras are based on high quantum efficiency, low-noise CCD imagers, which make them ideal for multispectral imaging, fluorescence microscopy, and other high-performance imaging techniques. Both non-cooled and cooled versions are available.

Our scientific cameras have three operating modes: streaming overlapped exposure, edge-triggered single-frame snapshot, and variable pulse width exposure driven by an externally generated voltage. Each mode may be operated at either 20 MHz or 40 MHz and can support variable binning and region-of-interest (ROI) operation. Binning allows an application to achieve higher frame rates and signal to noise at lower spatial resolution. External triggering enables easy integration into systems that require the camera to be triggered by external devices or that require external devices to be triggered by the camera. For external triggering, a connection is needed to the auxiliary port of the camera; we offer auxiliary cables as an optional accessory.

In addition to the trigger modes, out 1.4 megapixel cameras are upgradable to our forthcoming patent-pending TDI capability for large-area imaging and high-throughput scanning. See pages 178 - 185 for details.

Images Taken with Thorlabs’ Scientific-Grade Cameras

More image samples can be found on Thorlabs’ website.This fluorescence image of a rat neuron was acquired

using one of our 1.4 megapixel cameras

Image of blood vessels in the eye for ophthalmology.

Merged triple emission fluorescence microscopy image

Features

n Versions Available: 1.4, 4, or 8 Megapixel as well as Fast, 200 fps Frame Rate

n Software-Selectable 20 MHz or 40 MHz Readout

n 12-Bit (1.4 Megapixel Cameras) or 14-Bit Analog-to-Digital Converter Resolution

n Low Read Noise at 20 MHz Readout • <10 e- (1.4 Megapixel Cameras) • <12 e- (4 Megapixel Cameras) • <10 e- (8 Megapixel Cameras) • <15 e- (VGA Resolution Cameras) n Asynchronous, Triggered, and Gated Exposure Modes

nThorImageLS Software GUI

n Third-Party Software Support Including

MATLAB, µManager / ImageJ, and Metamorph

nAll Necessary Computer Hardware, Software, and Cables Included

n Supported by Full-Featured API/SDK

n Hermetically-Sealed Fanless (Vibration-Free) TE-Cooling Optional

n Robust Design with Small Form Factor

1500M-CL-TE1.4 Megapixel CCD Camera

Low-Noise Scientific-Grade Cameras

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Scientific Cameras

CCD Cameras Overview

1.4 MP CCD Cameras

4 MP CCD Cameras

8 MP CCD Cameras

FastCCD Cameras

Camera Noise Tutorial

Low-Noise Scientific-Grade Cameras

PackageOur cameras are offered in two package styles: a compact, non-cooled standard package and a hermetically sealed package with a two-stage TEC that cools the CCD in a moisture-purged environment to prevent condensation on optical surfaces. The fan-free design of our cooled cameras eliminates a source of image-blurring vibrations.

For high light levels requiring short exposure times (less than 1 second), a non-cooled camera is generally sufficient. Consider a cooled camera if your application has low light levels requiring long exposures (typically greater than 1 second). The table above outlines general recommendations for cases where cooled cameras may provide a benefit. A tutorial with a more detailed discussion of noise sources can be found on pages 214 - 215.

Non-Cooled Camera

C-Mount(1.000"-32)

(Back FocusAdjustable)

1.63"(41.3 mm)

1.81"(46 mm)

3.25"(82.6 mm)

3.25"(82.6 mm)

2.36"(60 mm)

2.36"(60 mm)

4-40 Tap for60 mm CageSystem (4 Places)

0.315"(8 mm)

1/4"-20 TappedHole (4 Places)

Hermetically SealedCooled Camera

C-Mount(1.000"-32)

(Back FocusAdjustable)

1.95"(49.5 mm)

2.65"(67.2 mm)

3.90"(99.1 mm)

3.90"(99.1 mm)

2.36"(60 mm)

2.36"(60 mm)

4-40 Tap for60 mm CageSystem (4 Places)

1/4"-20 TappedHole (4 Places)

1.17"(29.7 mm)

TDI Microscope System

Have you seen our...

See Pages 178 - 185

◆ High-Speed Scanning of Whole Slides: Images 10 mm x 10 mm at 15X in 35 seconds

◆ Exposures from 5 ms to 200 ms Suitable for Brightfield and Fluorescence Microscopy

◆ Compatible with All Thorlabs’ Scientific CCD Cameras

EXPOSURE CAMERA RECOMMENDATIONS*

<1 s Standard Non-Cooled Camera Generally Sufficient

1 s to 5 s Cooled Camera Could Be Helpful

5 s to 10 s Cooled Camera Recommended

>10 s Cooled Camera Usually Required

* The following recommendations are general guidelines. Please see pages 214 - 215 for a more detailed discussion of noise sources to consider when selecting a cooled or non-cooled camera for your application. If you have questions about which domain your application will fall into, please contact us, and one of our scientific camera specialists will help you decide which camera is right for you.

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Scientific Cameras

CCD Cameras Overview

1.4 MP CCD Cameras

4 MP CCD Cameras

8 MP CCD Cameras

Fast CCD Cameras

Camera Noise Tutorial

MountingAll of our scientific-grade cameras feature standard C-Mount (1.000"-32) threading. Thorlabs provides a full line of thread-to-thread adapters for compatibility with other thread standards, including the SM1 (1.035"-40) threading used on our Ø1" Lens Tubes. The front face also has 4-40 tapped holes for compatibility with our 60 mm Cage System. Four 1/4"-20 tapped holes, one on each side of the housing, are compatible with our Ø1" posts. These flexible mounting options make Thorlabs’ scientific cameras the ideal choice for integrating into a variety of commercial microscopes, as well as custom "home-built" imaging systems.

IR Blocking FilterEach scientific camera (except the UV versions) comes with an IR blocking filter. It can be removed from the camera by following the instructions provided in the manual. Alternatively, a Ø25 mm filter of your choice can be inserted in place of the IR-blocking filter to optimize the spectral response for your application.

The IR filter is mounted in the camera’s C-mount. It can be removed and replaced by another Ø25 mm filter of your choice.

A Scientific CCD Camera Mounted on a Nikon Eclipse Ti Microscope using Thorlabs’ lens tubes, 30 mm cage components, and threading adapters.

IR Blocking Filter Transmission

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400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

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0 Camera Cap Doubles as a Filter Removal Tool

C-Mount

IR Filter in Retaining Ring

A Thorlabs scientific camera integrated in a home-built microscope using our SM1 lens tubes and 30 mm cage components.

Low-Noise Scientific-Grade Cameras

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Scientific Cameras

CCD Cameras Overview

1.4 MP CCD Cameras

4 MP CCD Cameras

8 MP CCD Cameras

FastCCD Cameras

Camera Noise Tutorial

Computer InterfaceThorlabs’ scientific cameras have either a Gigabit Ethernet (GigE) or a Camera Link interface. GigE is ideal for situations where the camera must be far from the PC or there are multiple cameras that need to be controlled by the same PC. Each camera is provided with either a GigE or Camera Link frame grabber card and cables, a power supply, and software.

Low-Noise Scientific-Grade Cameras

1500M-CLCamera Link Interface

A screenshot showing the ThorImageLS Software GUI.

1500M-GE-TEGig E Interface

Software: ThorImageLSThorImageLS is powerful image acquisition software designed for 32- and 64-bit Windows® 7. The easy-to-use graphical interface provides system control, image acquisition, and playback. Single-image capture and image sequences are supported.

In addition, ThorImageLS is designed to control the full range of Thorlabs’ imaging systems, which aids in the integration of equipment into existing setups. Besides our scientific cameras, this software package also supports our multiphoton and confocal microscopes and accessories.

Application programming interfaces (APIs) and a software development kit (SDK) are also included for the development of custom applications by OEMs and developers in third-party packages.

Software: 3rd Party ApplicationsDrivers and/or adapters for MATLAB, µManager/ImageJ, and Metamorph are included in the software distribution.

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Scientific Cameras

CCD Cameras Overview

1.4 MP CCD Cameras

4 MP CCD Cameras

8 MP CCD Cameras

Fast CCD Cameras

Camera Noise Tutorial

Scientific Cameras: 1.4 Megapixel CCD

Typical Dark CurrentThe table below shows the nominal dark current values at several temperatures for the Sony ICX285AL CCD sensor. See pages 214 - 215 for an explanation of how dark current affects read noise.

Quantum EfficiencyFor NIR imaging applications, the quantum efficiency (QE) response curve shown below indicates a peak of 60% at 500 nm, making our 1.4 megapixel CCD camera a good choice for imaging most of the popular fluorophores used in fluorescence microscopy for the life sciences. The NIR Enhanced (Boost) Mode can be selected via the software. The IR blocking filter should also be removed for applications requiring maximum NIR sensitivity.

Example Frame Rates at 1 ms Exposure Time

1500M-CL-TE1.4 Megapixel CCD Camera with Camera Link Interface

TEMPERATURE DARK CURRENT (ID)

-20 ˚C 0.1 e-/(s*pixel)

0 ˚C 1 e-/(s*pixel)

25 ˚C 5 e-/s(*pixel)

CCD SIZE AND BINNING 20 MHZ 40 MHZ

Full Sensor (1392 x 1040) 12 fps 23 fps

Full Sensor, Bin by 2 (1392 x 520) 23 fps 41 fps

Full Sensor, Bin by 10 (1392 x 104) 77 fps 112 fps

1.4 Megapixel Cameras656055504540353025201510

250 350 450 550 650 750 850 950 1050

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Standard ModeNIR Enhanced(Boost) Mode

Wavelength (nm)

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Applicationsn Fluorescence Microscopy

n Transmitted Light Microscopy

n Whole-Slide Imaging

n NIR Imaging

Featuresn 1392 x 1040 Monochrome CCD Sensor with 6.45 µm Square Pixels (Sony ICX285AL)

n Up to 23 Frames per Second for Full Sensor

n 60% Quantum Efficiency at 500 nm

nLow Noise of <10 e- at 20 MHz

Thorlabs’ 1.4 Megapixel Scientific CCD cameras are ideal for fluorescence imaging, transmitted light microscopy, confocal microscopy, and NIR applications. The cameras are available with either a Gigabit Ethernet or Camera Link interface. A hermetically sealed, cooled version of each camera is offered for low light applications where noise may obscure a weak signal (see pages 214 - 215 for camera selection details).

A complete overview of the features common to all of our scientific-grade CCD cameras can be found in the Camera Overview on pages 202 - 205. The information below describes the performance of our 1.4 megapixel cameras. We also offer models with 4 megapixel (pages 208 - 209), 8 megapixel (pages 210 - 211), or 200 frames per second (pages 212 - 213) imagers.

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Scientific Cameras

CCD Cameras Overview

1.4 MP CCD Cameras

4 MP CCD Cameras

8 MP CCD Cameras

Fast CCD Camera

Camera Noise Tutorial

Scientific Cameras: 1.4 Megapixel CCD

Optional AccessoriesThese optional accessories are designed for the auxiliary port of the 1.4 megapixel scientific camera. Consider purchasing these items when it is necessary to externally trigger the camera or to monitor camera performance with an oscilloscope.

Auxiliary I/O Cable (1500-CAB1)The 1500-CAB1 is a 10' (3 m) long cable that mates with the auxiliary connector on our 1.4 megapixel CCD cameras featured above and provides the ability to externally trigger the camera as well as to monitor status output signals. Both ends of the cable feature a male 6-pin Mini Din connector.

Interconnect Break-Out Board (TSI-IOBOB) The TSI-IOBOB is designed to "break out" the 6-pin Mini Din auxiliary connector found on our scientific CCD cameras into five SMA connectors. The SMA connectors can then be connected using SMA cables to other devices to provide a trigger input to the camera or to monitor camera performance.

CCD SIZE AND BINNING 20 MHZ 40 MHZ

Full Sensor (1392 x 1040) 12 fps 23 fps

Full Sensor, Bin by 2 (1392 x 520) 23 fps 41 fps

Full Sensor, Bin by 10 (1392 x 104) 77 fps 112 fps

ITEM # 1500M-CL 1500M-CL-TE 1500M-GE 1500M-GE-TE

Sensor Type Sony ICX285AL Monochrome CCD (Grade 0)

Resolution (Horizontal vs. Vertical) 1392 x 1040

Pixel Size 6.45 µm x 6.45 µm

Optical Format 2/3" Format (11 mm Diagonal)

Max Frame Rate (Full Sensor, 40 MHz Readout) 23 fps

Peak Quantum Efficiency 60% at 500 nm

Exposure Time 0 to 1000 seconds in 1 ms Incrementsa

CCD Pixel Clock Speed 20 MHz or 40 MHz

ADCb Resolution 12 Bits

ADCb Gain 0 to 1023 Steps ( 0.036 dB/Step)

Optical Black Clamp 0 to 1023 Steps (0.25 ADU/Step)c

Vertical Hardware Binning Continuous Integer Values from 1 to 50

Region of Interest 1 x 1 Pixel to 1392 x 1040 Pixels, Rectangular

Read Noised <10 e- at 20 MHz

Digital Output 12 Bit

Cooling None -20 °C at Ambient Room Temperature None -20 °C at Ambient Room

Temperature

Host PC Interface Camera Link Gigabit Ethernet

Lens Mount C-Mount (1.000"-32)aThe actual exposure time is a calculated value dependent on the operating mode and is the closest achievable value to the desired exposure time.bAnalog-to-Digital ConvertercADU = Analog to Digital Unit

dIf your application is read-noise limited, we recommend using the lower CCD pixel clock speed of 20 MHz. For more information about read noise, and for examples of how to estimate the limiting factor of total camera noise, please see pages 214 - 215.

ITEM # PRICE DESCRIPTION 1500M-CL $ 7,000.00 1.4 Megapixel Monochrome Scientific CCD Camera, Standard Package, Camera Link Interface

1500M-CL-TE $ 10,000.00 1.4 Megapixel Monochrome Scientific CCD Camera, Hermetically Sealed Cooled Package, Camera Link Interface

1500M-GE $ 5,100.00 1.4 Megapixel Monochrome Scientific CCD Camera, Standard Package, GigE Interface

1500M-GE-TE $ 8,100.00 1.4 Megapixel Monochrome Scientific CCD Camera, Hermetically Sealed Cooled Package, GigE Interface

ITEM # PRICE DESCRIPTION 1500-CAB1 $ 30.00 I/O Cable with Ferrite Core for 1.4 Megapixel Scientific CCD Cameras

TSI-IOBOB $ 45.00 I/O Break-Out Board for Scientific CCD Cameras

1500-CAB1

TSI-IOBOB

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Scientific Cameras

CCD Cameras Overview

1.4 MP CCD Cameras

4 MP CCD Cameras

8 MP CCD Cameras

Fast CCD Cameras

Camera Noise Tutorial

Thorlabs’ 4 Megapixel Scientific CCD Cameras are ideal for fluorescence imaging and transmitted light microscopy. The cameras are available with either a Gigabit Ethernet or Camera Link interface. A hermetically sealed, cooled version of each camera is offered for low light applications where noise may obscure a weak signal (see pages 214 - 215 for camera selection details).

A complete overview of the features common to all of our scientific-grade CCD cameras can be found in the Camera Overview on pages 202 - 205. The information below describes the performance of our 4 megapixel cameras. We also offer models with 1.4 megapixel (pages 206 - 207), 8 megapixel (pages 210 - 211), or 200 frames per second (pages 212 - 213) imagers.

Scientific Cameras: 4 Megapixel CCD

4 Megapixel Cameras60

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Wavelength (nm)350 450 550 650 750 850 950 1050

Applicationsn Fluorescence Microscopy

n Transmitted Light Microscopy

Featuresn 4/3" Format, 2048 x 2048 Monochrome CCD Sensor with 7.4 µm Square Pixels (Truesense KAI-4070 CCD)

nUp to 28 Frames per Second for Full Sensor

n50% Quantum Efficiency at 500 nm

nLow Noise of <12 e- at 20 MHz

nSoftware Selectable Single-, Dual-, or Quad- Tap Read Out at 20 or 40 MHz

4070M-CL4 Megapixel CCD Camera with Camera Link Interface

Scientific CCD Camera Mounted on a Thorlabs Acerra Series Multiphoton Imaging System

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Scientific Cameras

CCD Cameras Overview

1.4 MP CCD Cameras

4 MP CCD Cameras

8 MP CCD Cameras

Fast CCD Cameras

Camera Noise Tutorial

Scientific Cameras: 4 Megapixel CCDITEM #a 4070M-CL 4070M-CL-TE 4070M-GE 4070M-GE-TE

Sensor Type Truesense KAI-4070 CCD (Grade 0)

Resolution (Horizontal vs. Vertical) 2048 x 2048

Pixel Size 7.4 µm x 7.4 µm

Optical Format 4/3" Format (21.4 mm Diagonal)

Max Frame Rate (Full Sensor) 28 fps (at 40 MHz Quad-Tap Readout)

14 fps (at 40 MHz Dual-Tap Readout)

Number of Taps (Software Selectable) Single, Dual, Quad Single, Dual

Peak Quantum Efficiency 52% at 500 nm

Exposure Time 0 to 1000 s in 1 ms Incrementsb

CCD Pixel Clock Speed 20 MHz or 40 MHz

ADCc Resolution 14 Bits

ADCc Gain 0 to 1023 Steps (0.036 dB/Step)

Optical Black Clamp 0 to 1023 Steps (0.25 ADU/Step)d

Vertical Hardware Binning Continuous Integer Values from 1 to 10

Region of Interest 1 x 1 Pixel to 2048 x 2048 Pixels, Rectangular

Read Noisee <12 e- at 20 MHz

Digital Output 14 Bit Single Tap: 14 Bit, Dual-Tap: 12 Bit

Cooling None -10 °C at Ambient Room Temperature None -10 °C at Ambient Room

Temperature

Host PC Interface Camera Link Gigabit Ethernet

Lens Mount C-Mount (1.000"-32)

aThis item is in its final stages of development. Specifications are subject to change. Please visit our website for updates.bThe actual exposure time is a calculated value dependent on the operating mode and is the closest achievable value to the desired exposure time.cAnalog-to-Digital ConverterdADU = Analog-to-Digital UniteIf your application is read-noise limited, we recommend using the lower CCD pixel clock speed of 20 MHz. For more information about read noise, and for examples of how to estimate the limiting factor of total camera noise, please see pages 214 - 215.

Have you seen our...

High-Magnification Zoom Lens Systems

C-Mount Camera Lenses

◆ Fixed (Prime) and Adjustable (Zoom) Focal Length Lenses

◆ Focal Lengths between 3.5 mm and 108 mm◆ Apertures up to f/0.95

MVL700

MVL25M23

Visit www.thorlabs.com

◆ 6.5X or 12X Adjustable Zoom◆ Compatible with Thorlabs’ CCD and

CMOS Cameras◆ Wide Range of Lens Configurations

Supports Magnifications between 0.07 and 28

Visit www.thorlabs.com

ITEM # PRICE DESCRIPTION 4070M-CL $ 7,900.00 4 Megapixel Monochrome Scientific CCD Camera, Standard Package, Camera Link Interface

4070M-CL-TE $ 10,900.00 4 Megapixel Monochrome Scientific CCD Camera, Hermetically Sealed Cooled Package, Camera Link Interface

4070M-GE $ 6,000.00 4 Megapixel Monochrome Scientific CCD Camera, Standard Package, GigE Interface

4070M-GE-TE $ 9,000.00 4 Megapixel Monochrome Scientific CCD Camera, Hermetically Sealed Cooled Package, GigE Interface

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Scientific Cameras

CCD Cameras Overview

1.4 MP CCD Cameras

4 MP CCD Cameras

8 MP CCD Cameras

Fast CCD Cameras

Camera Noise Tutorial

Scientific Cameras: 8 Megapixel CCD

350 450 550 650 750 850 950 1050 115005

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8 Megapixel Cameras

8050M-CL8 Megapixel CCD Camera with Camera Link Interface

Applicationsn Fluorescence Microscopy

n Transmitted Light Microscopy

n Whole-Slide Microscopy

Featuresn 4/3" Format, 3296 x 2472 Monochrome CCD Sensor with 5.5 µm Square Pixels (Kodak / Truesense KAI-8050)

nSoftware Selectable Single- or Dual-Tap Read Out at 20 or 40 MHz (Quad-Tap Also Available on Camera Link Versions)

nUp to 15.5 Frames per Second for Full Sensor

n 50% Quantum Efficiency at 500 nm

n Low Noise of <12 e- at 20 MHz

Thorlabs’ 8 Megapixel Scientific CCD Cameras are ideal for fluorescence imaging, transmitted light microscopy, and whole-slide-imaging applications. The cameras are available with either a Gigabit Ethernet or Camera Link interface. A hermetically sealed, cooled version of each camera is offered for low light applications where noise may obscure a weak signal (see pages 214 - 215 for camera selection details).

A complete overview of the features common to all of our scientific-grade CCD cameras can be found in the Camera Overview on pages 202 through 205. The information below describes the performance of our 8 megapixel cameras. We also offer models with 1.4 megapixel (pages 206 - 207), 4 megapixel (pages 208 - 209), or 200 frames per second (pages 212 - 213) imagers.

A Scientific CCD Camera Shown Mounted on a Thorlabs Bergamo II Series Microscope

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Scientific Cameras

CCD Cameras Overview

1.4 MP CCD Cameras

4 MP CCD Cameras

8 MP CCD Cameras

Fast CCD Cameras

Camera Noise Tutorial

Scientific Cameras: 8 Megapixel CCD

ITEM # 8050M-CL 8050M-CL-TE 8050M-GE 8050M-GE-TE

Sensor Type Kodak / Truesense KAI-8050 Monochrome CCD

Resolution (Horizontal vs. Vertical) 3296 x 2472

Pixel Size 5.5 µm x 5.5 µm

Optical Format 4/3" Format (22 mm Diagonal)

Max Frame Rate (Full Sensor) 17.1 fps (at 40 MHz Quad-Tap Readout) 8.5 fps (at 40 MHz Dual-Tap Readout)

Number of Taps (Software Selectable) Single, Dual, Quad Single, Dual

Peak Quantum Efficiency 50% at 500 nm

Exposure Time 0 to 1000 s in 1 ms Incrementsa

CCD Pixel Clock Speed 20 MHz or 40 MHz

ADCb Resolution 14 Bits

ADCb Gain 0 to 1023 Steps (0.036 dB/Step)

Optical Black Clamp 0 to 1023 Steps (0.25 ADU/Step)c

Vertical Hardware Binning Continuous Integer Values from 1 to 10

Region of Interest 1 x 1 Pixel to 3296 x 2472 Pixels, Rectangular

Read Noised < 10 e- at 20 MHz

Digital Output 14 Bit Single Tap: 14 Bit, Dual-Tap: 12 Bit

Cooling None -10 °C at Ambient Room Temperature None -10 °C at Ambient Room

Temperature

Host PC Interface Camera Link Gigabit Ethernet

Lens Mount C-Mount (1.000"-32)aThe actual exposure time is a calculated value dependent on the operating mode and is the closest achievable value to the desired exposure time.bAnalog-to-Digital ConvertercADU = Analog to Digital Unit

dIf your application is read-noise limited, we recommend using the lower CCD pixel clock speed of 20 MHz. For more information about read noise, and for examples of how to estimate the limiting factor of total camera noise, please see pages 214 - 215.

Example Frame Rates at 1 ms Exposure Time

Camera Specifications

CCD SIZE AND BINNINGSINGLE TAP DUAL TAP QUAD TAP

20 MHZ 40 MHZ 20 MHZ 40 MHZ 20 MHZ 40 MHZ

Full Sensor (3296 x 2472) 2.3 fps 4.5 fps 4.4 fps 8.5 fps 8.8 fps 17.1 fps

Full Sensor, Bin by 2 (3296 x 1048) 4.4 fps 8.5 fps 8.3 fps 15.7 fps 16.6 fps 31.2 fps

Full Sensor, Bin by 10 (3296 x 249) 17.0 fps 29.9 fps 29.0 fps 47.1 fps 56.8 fps 92.3 fps

Thorlabs’ Confocal System Mounted on a Nikon FN1,

Shown Here with an MLS203 Stage and a

Thorlabs Scientific CCD Camera.

Confocal Microscopy SystemsAs used in our...

◆ Compact, Modular Design Adaptable for Upright, Inverted, and Thorlabs’ T-Scope Microscopes

◆ Two- and Four-Channel Options

◆ Systems Optimized for UV, Visible Fluorescence, or Reflectance Modes

◆ High-Speed Scanning: 30 Frames per Second (at 512 x 512 Pixel Resolution)

For more details, see pages 48 - 54

ITEM # PRICE DESCRIPTION 8050M-CL $ 8,900.00 8 Megapixel Monochrome Scientific CCD Camera, Standard Package, Camera Link Interface

8050M-CL-TE $ 11,900.00 8 Megapixel Monochrome Scientific CCD Camera, Hermetically Sealed Cooled Package, Camera Link Interface

8050M-GE $ 7,000.00 8 Megapixel Monochrome Scientific CCD Camera, Standard Package, GigE Interface

8050M-GE-TE $ 10,000.00 8 Megapixel Monochrome Scientific CCD Camera, Hermetically Sealed Cooled Package, GigE Interface

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212

Scientific Cameras

CCD Cameras Overview

1.4 MP CCD Cameras

4 MP CCD Cameras

8 MP CCD Cameras

VGA Resolution CCD Cameras

Camera Noise Tutorial

Scientific Cameras: VGA Resolution CCD

340M-CLVGA Resolution Camera with Camera Link Interface

A VGA Resolution Scientific Camera Shown Mounted on Thorlabs’ Bergamo Series Multiphoton System

350 450 550 650 750 850 950 1050 115005

101520253035404550556065

VGA Cameras

Quan

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Wavelength (nm)

Applicationsn Fluorescence Microscopy

nFlow Cytometry n Ca++ Imaging (UV Models)

Featuresn 1/3" Format, 640 x 480 Monochrome CCD

Sensor with 7.4 µm Square Pixels (Kodak / Truesense KAI-340 Monochrome CCD)

nUp to 200 Frames per Second for Full Sensor

n53% Quantum Efficiency at 500 nm

nLow Noise of <15 e- at 20 MHz

nSoftware Selectable Single-, Dual-, or Quad-Tap Read Out at 20 or 40 MHz

nUV Version Also Available

Thorlabs’ VGA Resolution Scientific CCD Cameras are ideal for fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. A version of these cameras is also available with an imager optimized for UV wavelengths, making it an ideal tool for measuring Ca++ ratios. The cameras are available with either a Gigabit Ethernet or Camera Link interface.

A complete overview of the features common to all of our scientific-grade CCD cameras can be found in the Camera Overview on pages 202 - 205. The information below describes the performance of our VGA resolution cameras. We also offer models with 1.4 megapixel (pages 206 - 207), 4 megapixel (pages 208 - 209), or 8 megapixel (pages 210 - 211) imagers.

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213

Scientific Cameras

CCD Cameras Overview

1.4 MP CCD Cameras

4 MP CCD Cameras

8 MP CCD Cameras

VGA Resolution CCD Cameras

Camera Noise Tutorial

Scientific Cameras: VGA Resolution CCD

ITEM # 340M-CL 340M-GE

Sensor Type Kodak / Truesense KAI-340 Monochrome CCD

Resolution (Horizontal vs. Vertical) 640 x 480

Pixel Size 7.4 µm x 7.4 µm

Optical Format 1/3" Format (5.92 mm Diagonal)

Max Frame Rate (Full Sensor) 200 fps (at 40 MHz Dual-Tap Readout)

Number of Taps (Software Selectable) Single, Dual

Peak Quantum Efficiency 53% at 500 nm

Exposure Time 0 to 1000 s in 1 ms Incrementsa

CCD Pixel Clock Speed 20 MHz or 40 MHz

ADCb Resolution 14 Bit

ADCb Gain 0 to 1023 Steps ( 0.036 dB/Step)

Optical Black Clamp 0 to 1023 Steps (0.25 ADU/Step)c

Vertical Hardware Binning Continuous Integer Values from 1 to 24

Region of Interest 1 x 1 Pixel to 640 x 480 Pixels, Square

Read Noised <15 e- at 20 MHz

Digital Output 14 Bit Single Tap: 14 Bit, Dual Tap: 12 Bit

Cooling None

Host PC Interface Camera Link Gigabit Ethernet

Lens Mount C-Mount (1.000"-32)aThe actual exposure time is a calculated value dependent on the operating mode and is the closest achievable value to the desired exposure time.bAnalog-to-Digital ConvertercADU = Analog to Digital Unit

dIf your application is read-noise limited, we recommend using the lower CCD pixel clock speed of 20 MHz. For more information about read noise, and for examples of how to estimate the limiting factor of total camera noise, please see pages 214 - 215.

Example Frame Rates at 1 ms Exposure Time

CCD SIZE AND BINNINGSINGLE TAP DUAL TAP

20 MHZ 40 MHZ 20 MHZ 40 MHZ

Full Sensor (640 x 480) 50 fps 100 fps 86 fps 200 fps

Full Sensor, Bin by 2 (640 x 240) 93 fps 180 fps 160 fps 302 fps

Full Sensor, Bin by 10 (640 x 48) 330 fps 500 fps 460 fps 630 fps

Full Sensor, Bin by 24 (640 x 20) 520 fps 660 fps 630 fps 750 fps

UV Version of VGA Resolution Cameras11

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

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Wavelength (nm)350250 450 550 650 750 850 950

Back of Camera Link Version of Camera. The two output taps can be seen near the top of the housing.

UV Scientific-Grade CamerasA special version of our VGA resolution low-noise scientific-grade cameras is offered for use at UV wavelengths. The quantum efficiency is presented in the graph below. To inquire about a UV CCD camera, please contact [email protected].

ITEM # PRICE DESCRIPTION 340M-CL $ 6,400.00 VGA Resolution Monochrome Scientific CCD Camera, Standard Package, Camera Link Interface

340M-GE $ 4,500.00 VGA Resolution Monochrome Scientific CCD Camera, Standard Package, GigE Interface

340UV-CL $ 6,500.00 UV VGA Resolution Monochrome Scientific CCD Camera, Standard Package, Camera Link Interface

340UV-GE $ 4,600.00 UV VGA Resolution Monochrome Scientific CCD Camera, Standard Package, GigE Interface

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214

Scientific Cameras

CCD Cameras Overview

1.4 MP CCD Cameras

4 MP CCD Cameras

8 MP CCD Cameras

Fast CCD Cameras

Camera Noise Tutorial

Sources of NoiseNoise in a camera image is the aggregate spatial and temporal variation in the measured signal, assuming constant, uniform illumination. There are several components of noise:

• Dark Shot Noise (σD) Dark current is a current that flows even when no photons are incident on the camera. It is a thermal phenomenon resulting from electrons spontaneously generated within the silicon chip (valence electrons are thermally excited into the conduction band). The variation in the number of dark electrons collected during the exposure is the dark shot noise. It is independent of the signal level but is dependent on the temperature of the sensor and the duration of exposure.

• Read Noise (σR) This is the noise generated in producing the electronic signal. This results from the sensor design but can also be impacted by the design of the camera electronics. It is independent of signal level and temperature of the sensor, and is usually larger for faster CCD pixel clock rates. This is typically the dominant noise source when imaging at low light levels.

• Photon Shot Noise (σS) This is the statistical noise associated with the arrival of photons at the pixel. Since photon measurements obey Poisson statistics, the photon shot noise is dependent on the signal level measured. It is independent of sensor temperature. This is usually the dominant noise source when imaging under bright light conditions.

• Fixed Pattern Noise (σF) This is caused by spatial non-uniformities of the pixels and is independent of signal level and temperature of the sensor. Note that fixed pattern noise is ignored in this discussion; this is a valid assumption for the scientific CCD cameras described here but may need to be included for other non-scientific-grade sensors.

Camera Noise and Temperature

OverviewWhen purchasing a camera, an important consideration is whether or not the application will require a cooled sensor. Due to the high-sensitivity and low noise of these scientific-grade cameras, most applications, including fluorescence microscopy, can be performed with exposures under 1 s, obviating the need for cooling. However, for certain situations, generally under low light levels where long exposures are necessary, cooling will provide a discernible benefit.

For these low-noise, scientific-grade cameras, the following “rule of thumb” can be applied: for exposures less than 1 second, a standard camera is generally sufficient; for exposures greater than 5 seconds, cooling is generally recommended; and for exposures above 10 seconds, cooling is usually required. Please keep in mind that some applications are more sensitive to noise than others. If you have questions about which domain your application will fall into, please contact us, and one of our scientific camera specialists will help you decide which camera is right for you.

EXPOSURE CAMERA RECOMMENDATIONS*

<1 s Standard Non-Cooled Camera Generally Sufficient

1 s to 5 s Cooled Camera Could Be Helpful

5 s to 10 s Cooled Camera Recommended

>10 s Cooled Camera Usually Required

*The following recommendations are general guidelines. Please visit www.thorlabs.com for a more detailed discussion of noise sources to consider when selecting a cooled or non-cooled camera for your application. If you have questions about which domain your application will fall into, please contact us, and one of our scientific specialist will help you decide which camera is right for you.

Fluorescence image of a mouse kidney.

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215

Scientific Cameras

CCD Cameras Overview

1.4 MP CCD Cameras

4 MP CCD Cameras

8 MP CCD Cameras

Fast CCD Cameras

Camera Noise Tutorial

Camera Noise and Temperature

Total Effective NoiseThe total effective noise per pixel, σeff, is the quadrature sum of each of the noise sources listed on the previous page:

Dark Shot Noise and Sensor TemperatureAs mentioned above, the dark current is a thermal effect and can therefore be reduced by cooling the sensor. The table to the right lists typical dark current values for the Sony ICX285AL CCD sensor used in our 1.4 megapixel cameras. As the dark current results from spontaneously generated electrons, the dark current is measured by simply "counting" these electrons. For a given exposure, the dark shot noise, σD, is the square root of the ID value from the table to the right (for a given sensor temperature) multiplied by the exposure time t in seconds:

Photon Shot NoiseIf S is the number of "signal" electrons generated when a photon flux of N photons/second is incident on each pixel of a sensor with a quantum efficiency QE and an exposure duration of t seconds, then the photon shot noise is given by:

Other ConsiderationsThermoelectric cooling should also be considered for long exposures even where the dark shot noise is not a significant contributor to total noise because cooling also helps to reduce the effects of hot pixels. Hot pixels cause a “star field” pattern that appears under long exposures. Sample images taken under conditions of no light, high gain, and long exposure are available on our website to illustrate this phenomenon.

Since the dark current ID, decreases with decreasing temperature, the associated dark-shot noise, σD, can be decreased by cooling the camera.

If the photon shot noise is significantly larger than the dark shot noise, then cooling provides a negligible benefit in terms of the noise, and our standard package cameras will work well. For a more detailed explanation, including examples and graphs, please visit www.thorlabs.com.

Here, σD is the dark shot noise, σR is the read noise, and σS is the photon shot noise. Again, fixed pattern noise is ignored, which is a good approximation for scientific-grade CCDs but may need to be considered for non-scientific-grade sensors.

TEMPERATURE DARK CURRENT (ID)

-20 ˚C 0.1 e-/(s*pixel)

0 ˚C 1 e-/(s*pixel)

25 ˚C 5 e-/(s*pixel)

σe� = σD σR σS+ +2 2 2

σD = IDt

σS = (QE) NtS =

A Scientific CCD Camera Shown

Mounted on a Nikon FN1 Microscope with

Thorlabs’ Confocal Scan Head.