It is important to take the test seriously

8/8/2019 It is important to take the test seriously

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Planning toward a right direction would be of immense help in this regard. Your planning should take into consideration of your strong and weak points. You mustknow in which papers you have a strong base and which are the areas whereyou need to study hard. Good planning really implies maximum results with theminimum of efforts. And effective planning means that you work out your own

mechanism for checking whether you are spending your time effectively or not.Ø Hard work has no alternative

There are no prescriptions for guaranteed success in exams. But you must put inhard labour. If experience of a topper is any guide, “Hard work, a devotion to thegoal one has set for oneself and systematic study can take you to your desiredgoal.”

Ø Concentration

Concentration is absolutely essential for study and better performance in exams.The ability to concentrate is partly a natural gift and partly a matter of training andpractice. Congenial atmosphere for study is very necessary. An environmentwhich is free from disturbance like a library is a good place for study.

Ø Positive vision

You should always be enthusiastic and optimistic of your sure success. Of course, that asks for being confident. Never doubt your potential because what aman has already done, a man can also do. Always keep in mind, dedication anddetermination are necessary ingredients of success.

Ø Develop your own strategy

It is said that man is the best master of himself. No one can understand youbetter than you. You can take suggestions as well as criticism to apply theseconstructively, but these are never binding on you. Rely on your own method of study believing that this is the only right method. For example, if you like to studysilently, do accordingly. If you prefer a particular spot for your study, it is better tosit there. Also, you may develop habit of reading fast.

Ø Studying together

Study with a fellow or a group of friends who are also preparing for the same test.Regular discussions with such friends are very helpful. This way you not onlyrevise what you have studied but also learn many points which you might not

have covered or did not know. Such a company happens to be of supplementingnature to each other. Besides, it makes your study more interesting andcompetitive.

Ø Selective & reflective study

Your study should be quality based not quantity based. You should not layemphasis on just reading more and more books, magazines and journals but



reflect on your subject and try to master it. You should develop your rationalfaculty to assimilate relevant information and analyse problems dispassionately.

Your reading must be purposeful. Distinguishing between the important and theirrelevant reading material, you must keep in mind what is useful from theExamination point of view.

Ø Revise once in a week

Periodical analysis of what you have studied and its consolidation is necessary. Itwill make you realize your weaknesses and your strengths. Without thisperiodical stop-over, you will keep on learning and you may forget what you piledup in your mind earlier.

Ø Developing interest

You must develop habit to take interest in subjects and fields that could behelpful in getting through this examination. You must increase your general

knowledge by whatever method you like.

Ø Last few hours before the Test

It is better to start revision early and be prepared to bear the pressure you mayhave to face in the examination hall. This will give you an opportunity toovercome the difficulties you may encounter in the examination hall.

Ø While attempting the Question Paper

To being with, have a positive approach. Be confident that you are well preparedto answer the questions.

Follow the golden principle of Simple to Complex i.e. taking up questions that areeasy to solve and then go to difficult ones. Glance through all questions quicklyand mark the easy ones. Then proceed to answer these questions first. It willsave time and also build up your confidence. Now you can proceed to take upthe difficult ones and you will get more time to solve these questions.

Try to read each question carefully and also the given alternatives/answers.Many a times all alternatives appear correct. You need not get confused. Ponder over a while and you will hit the nail i.e. solve it. Read, think and then proceed toattempt the question.

Remember, time is really precious. Try to manage within the specified timeproperly. More often than not, many candidates waste time in the beginning andthen find it hard to complete the paper satisfactorily within a short time. Such awaste results in waste. Try to maintain even speed and save time for revisionalso.

Follow the directions stipulated in the question paper. Mark the answer clearly,darkening the circles properly, wherever needed.



What is a Tort?

A tort is nothing but a ‘twisted action’. It is a civil wrong. When a person commits awrong of civil nature like causing nuisance to a neighbour or being negligent in his action

it is called a ‘tort’.

There are two schools of thought. Some people are of the view that it is the Law of Torts,

there being a specific body of wrongs and you need to fit in your own tort into one of them. The counter view runs such that it is the Law of Tort and there are necessary

ingredients to the commission of a tort and once fulfilled, you have a tort.

When is a tort committed?

When a legal injury is caused to a person, a tort is said to have been committed. It isassumed that every person owes a general duty of care to his neighbour. By ‘neighbour’

we do not mean the hot girl next door but it is any person who can be affected by your

acts. When this duty of care is breached then a tort or a civil wrong is committed. For example, Sandipan and Aymen are neighbours. If Sandipan starts playing loud music in

the middle of the night such that it creates nuisance and Aymen is disturbed then the

latter’s legal right is injured and there lies a cause of action against Sandipan.

What you need to remember:

Two principles:

Injuria sine damno.

This Latin principle means there has been legal injury (“injuria”) but no actual damagehas been caused.

Example : In the famous case of Ashby v. White a listed voter was not allowed to cast his

vote by the polling officer. The voter’s candidate of choice ultimately won the election.So no actual damage was caused but there was a violation of the person’s legal right to

vote. This is injuria or legal injury even though no actual damage has been caused. This is

a tort and the aggrieved party has a right of action in tort law.

Damnum sine injuria

This means that there has been damage but no legal injury has been committed so noaction lies in tort law.

Example : In the Gloucester Grammar School case there was an established school in the

locality. A new school was set up which charged lower fees on account of which peoplestarted patronising the new school. The old school filed a case against the latter saying

that they had caused them financial loss and claimed compensation. The court held that

no legal right had been violated and as such no compensation can be granted. Thus if



damage is caused which does not lead to violation of a legal right then no action lies

under tort law.

Other terms to remember:

Plaintiff and Defendant:

In tort law the two parties in a case are known as plaintiff and defendant. Plaintiff is theaggrieved party who files the suit claiming some legal injury being done to him.

Defendant is the person who is alleged to have committed the tort.

Tortfeasor:

The person who commits a tort, i.e. a civil wrong is said to be a tort-feasor. When two or more persons jointly commit a civil wrong they are called ‘joint tort-feasors’.

Coming up in the next article: Major torts and general defences.

As you all know, CLAT’s paper is divided into 5 sections. However, no one can ever be

sure of what kind of questions one will have to face. In CLAT 2008, the system of differential marking was used by NLSIU, where each Legal Reasoning question carried 3

marks while each General Knowledge question was given half a mark. In CLAT 2009, on

the other hand, every question had one mark and surprisingly, there was no sign of Legal

Reasoning. Further, in 2010, the Legal Reasoning questions were put up in the LogicalReasoning section and the Maths section was unhinged.

This is what we “think” it is, based on reliable sources and the statements that are coming

from NUJS and the CLAT Organizing committee. While the sources are reliable, youshouldn’t take this as the basis of how you intend to prepare.

General Knowledge

Unlike CLAT 2010, the paper will have almost all the questions based on the Current

Affairs. Static GK might be asked if it is in the news nowadays. For example, something

about Babri Masjid’s history might come as it’s pretty much talked about in the news. So,make sure you stay updated with what’s happening around and do follow the Current

Affairs Compendiums which are put up weekly on CLATGyan.

A note for those who have been frantically roaming around, tensed and worried thatthey’ve been concentrating only on Static and not on Current: No worries. You’ve done agood thing, static CAN NOT be completely absent, and it is necessary that you do have

your basics with you. In my opinion, the important Current Affairs comes from August

onwards. We will try and bring you compendiums of current affairs starting January 2010if possible, but don’t worry much about the “older” months. One yearbook or a few good

Pratiyogita Darpan year-roundup issues should be help you out.



GK requires you to stay calm and determined. Nothing that you study is unimportant,

everything shall be put to use, if not in your test papers, then at least in Law School.

Logical Reasoning

This, without any incertitude, will be the make or break section. In 2011, the wholesection will emphasize on Critical Reasoning rather than Analytical Reasoning. It can

also be said that this will be the section where you will have to use your mind the most.

Also, this section will contain the lengthiest questions of the paper.

Legal Aptitude

NUJS, who is conducting CLAT 2011, wants people who can THINK and have great

reasoning abilities. Hence, we do not expect any Legal GK question in this edition of

CLAT. It will be like NLU Delhi’s 2010 Paper, in which the whole Legal Aptitude

section had Legal Reasoning Questions. However, there might be some reasoning

questions with one word answers like : In Ram v. Shyam, Ram can never be what? …The options were defendant, plaintiff, prosecutor and complainant. (Defendant was the

correct answer and this question was asked in CLAT 2010).

So, do as many Reasoning Questions as you can and beat the greatest enemy of yours…the time! (same applies with Logic section)

English

Getting the same “test of reasoning” thingy, this section will focus on Reading

Comprehension/Passages and Grammar. There will be no vocabulary at all. You need not

worry about mugging up words and scratching your head when you forget them. Evenhere, the same rule applies… the more you practice, the much better.

Maths

First of all, do not expect Factors, Square roots or Prime numbers. CLAT 2010 is a very bad example of CLAT’s maths. NUJS has a reputation of having a good standard of

maths and you shall see, they will keep it up. However, Solving a question will not be a

huge task. But, solving it without taking much time will be the key.

And Finally, I would like to end this with three advices. Firstly, Practice as much as you

can and never ever even think of stopping it. Secondly, this is CLATGyan’s theory of CLAT 2011 and not an official one. So, dont blame us if something we said will not

come, comes. Thirdly, this does not apply to any other entrance exams like SET, NLU O

or NLU D.

It is important to take the test seriously

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