IT Infrastructure: Software
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Transcript of IT Infrastructure: Software
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IT Infrastructure: SoftwareCIS 2200Kannan MohanDepartment of CISZicklin School of Business, Baruch College
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Learning Objectives
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• Identify and describe the different types of software
• Describe distributed computing• Describe open source software• Explain cloud computing, its different
types, and its advantages and risks
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What is Software?• A computer program or a collection of
programs• Precise set of instructions that tells
hardware what to do
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Operating Systems
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Mobile OS
(IDC, 2014)
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Firmware and Embedded Systems• Firmware
• Software stored on nonvolatile memory chips (as opposed to being stored on devices such as hard drives or removable discs)
• Embedded systems• Special-purpose software designed and included inside physical products (often on firmware)
• Helping devices become “smarter”
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Application Software• Desktop Software - Applications installed on a personal
computer, typically supporting tasks performed by a single user
• Enterprise software - Applications that address the needs of multiple users throughout an organization or work group
• Types of Enterprise Software
ERP A software package that integrates the many functions of a business
CRM Systems used to support customer-related sales and marketing activities
SCM Systems that can help a firm manage aspects of its value chain, from the flow of raw materials into the firm, through delivery of finished products and services at the point-of-consumption
BI Systems that use data created by other systems to provide reporting and analysis for organizational decision making
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ERP in Action
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The Front-end and the Back-end• Graphical user interface
• Mechanisms through which users interact with the system (menus, scroll bars)
• Databases – to manage data• Database management system (DBMS)
• Software used for creating, maintaining, and manipulating data
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Enterprise Software and Databases
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Distributed Computing
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Distributed Computing• Web services
• Small pieces of code that are accessed via the application server which permit interoperable machine-to-machine interaction over a network
• Application programming interfaces (APIs)• Programming hooks (or guidelines) published by firms that tell other programs how to get a service to perform a task, such as send or receive data
• Service-oriented architecture (SOA)• A robust set of Web services built around an organizations processes and procedures 13
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Data Exchange – Messaging Standards• EDI (Electronic Data Interchange)
• A set of standards for exchanging information between computer applications
• A way to send the electronic equivalent of structured documents between different organizations
• Extensible markup language (XML)• A tagging language that can be used to structure data
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Developing Software Programs• Programming Languages
• Provides the standards, syntax, statements, and instructions for writing computer software
• IDE (Integrated Development Environment)• C++, C#, Visual Basic, and Java• Development entails more than writing
programs/code
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Total Cost of Ownership (TCO)Different cost categories that comprise total cost of ownership:
• Maintenance• Support• Training• Compliance auditing• Security, backup• Provisions for disaster
recovery
• Software development and documentation
• Purchase price• Ongoing license and
support fees• Configuration• Testing• Deployment
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Economics of Software• Low or zero marginal cost• Open source software
• Software that is free and where anyone can look at and potentially modify the code
• Questions facing big software firms• How can we compete with free?• How can we make money and fuel innovation on free?
• Cloud computing17
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Open Source Software• Openness in stark contrast to the practice of
conventional software firms• Intellectual property as closely guarded secrets
• Examples • Linux, Apache, MySQL, Perl/Python/PHP (LAMP)• Firefox• OpenOffice
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Cloud Computing• Moving software out of its own IS shop so that it is run
on someone else’s hardware• Replacing computing resources with services provided
over the Internet• Software as a service (SaaS)
• A form of cloud computing where a firm subscribes to a third-party software and receives a service that is delivered online
• Utility computing – platform as a service, infrastructure as a service
• Private and public clouds• Virtualization
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Software as a Service• Build vs. buy vs. rent• Advantages
• Lower costs associated with the software licenses, server hardware, system maintenance, and IT staff
• Faster deployment times• Variable operating expense• Scalable systems• Higher quality and service levels• Remote access and availability
• Usage-based pricing model
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Risks of SaaS• Dependence on a single vendor• Concern about the long-term viability of partner
firms• Users may be forced to migrate to new versions• Reliance on a network connection • Data assets stored off-site - security and legal
concerns• Limited options• Less rich user interface• Pockets of unauthorized IT use throughout the
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Summary• What is the difference between operating system
and application software?
• Identify different types of application software
• What is distributed computing?
• What is cloud computing? Different types of cloud computing?
• What is open source software?
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