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IT Dependent Innovations in Construction

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IT Innovations

New or enhanced software systems

For example:

• Advanced modeling software

• Automated detailing

• Automated bills of material, procurement, inventory management

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IT Dependent Innovations

New or enhanced process activities that are dependent on information technology. For these, IT is an enabler.

For example:• Monitoring of project performance.• Robotic and other automated production

and construction methods.• Tracking precast pieces with RFID tags.

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Loading Data(gross w eight,location and

time)

Net w eight ofthe material or

component

Location andgeometric

volume of eachelement of the

building

Load releaselocations

Typical loadingand release

patterns

Weight andhook-to-load

height forauxiliary lif ting

equipment

Material andcomponentw eights and

delivery details(including

typicalpackaging)

Possiblebuilding

elements beingbuilt

Quantity ofmaterial or

components

Identity of thecomponent or

type of thematerial

Identities of theBasic Activityperformed and

buildingassemblyw orked on

Duration of theprevious Basic

Activity

ExceptionalMaterial

Consumption

ExceptionalDuration

BOM of WorkAssemblies

Release Data(w eight release

profile andlocations)

Candidatebasic activitiesto be performed

using craneConstruction

Schedule

Candidatebuilding

elements forexecution

Quantity ofmaterial

consumed

Measure ofcompletion of

the BasicActivity

Project monitoring using equipment

data

Report exceptional material consumption or exceptional activity duration

Deduce activity performance

Crane monitoring data

Detailed construction schedule

Identity, location, geometry of building elements

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control (APPC)

3-D building model

Monitor crane

Automatic construction

project monitoring

Monitor laborers

Construction schedule

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and materials management

ProjectSchedule

ProjectEstimate

OtherDocuments Planning

MaterialPlan

Catalogs(Bentley'sTriforma)

3D CADMaterialTakeoff

(Bentley'sTriforma)

P3 Schedule

2D-Drawings

RS MeansCost

Bill OfMaterial(BOM)

Spreadsheet

Specifica-tions

BOM

Consolidateto Requisition

Vendor

EvaluateVendor

ApprovedVendor

Lists

BOM byBid/workPackage

Request forQuotations

(RFQs)

Vendorsreceive/reply

RFQs

BidTabulation Bids

(Quotes)

Requisition AccountingDepartment

Accounting

PurchaseOrder (PO)

PO receivedby vendor

MaterialReleased

Transportation

Materialdeliveryreport

InvoiceReceiving/Inspection

WarehouseInventory Account

Payable $$

Buyback $$

ChangeOrder

Jobsite(Install)

SurplusMaterials

ShortageMaterials

Just-in-time (JIT)

Subsomboon et al. 2002 – ASCE FIAPP Specialty conference

3D CAD

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4D CAD

• Simulate construction progress

• Detect spatial conflicts in construction

• Update project schedule

VR Simulation

ComputerizedSchedule

3D Building Model

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Technology Derivation PathsAutomated connection detailing was a recently developed innovation in steel design/detailing. What other technologies were needed to achieve this?

Any particular technology is built upon other technologies. Some technologies, even those not yet available,are achievable, if we understand what other technologies are needed.

Automated connection detailing

3-D building model

Deriv. & transfer of loads

Auto. Structural analysis

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Technology Derivation PathsSuppose that we want to automate the derivation of bill of materials generation. What other technologies would be needed to achieve this?

Part & material BOM

3-D building model

Auto. Area & volume calc.

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Automated rebar placement

Technology Derivation PathsIs there a technology, or can we conceive of one, that would automatically place rebar correctly in different contexts: precast, tilt-up or in-place concrete? What other technologies would be needed to achieve this?

Automated rebar bending

Rebar placement robot

Robot spot welder

3-D building model

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But rebar placement itself requires certain technology.

Automated rebar placement

Automated rebar bending

Rebar placement robot

Robot spot welder

3-D building model

Accurate setup and placement

Vision and feedback

OR

Technology Derivation Paths

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An important quality control and facility management capability is to verify placement of parts/equipment in a building as it goes up.

Technology Derivation Paths

Verification of erection placement

3-D building model

Real-time recognition of part

and placement

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Technology Derivation Paths

Verification of erection placement

3-D building model

Real-time recognition of part

and placement

Real-time verification of part placement requires technology

Laser location definition

Shape recognition from laser scan

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Technology Derivation Paths

Verification of erection placement

3-D building model

Real-time recognition of part

and placement

Laser location definition

Shape recognition from laser scan

Part identification by RFI or barcode

Real-time part identification requires technology

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3-D building model

Part & material BOM

Automated rebar bending

Verification of erection placement

Real-time recognition of part

and placement

Rebar automation equip.

Automated connection detailing

Deriv. & transfer of loads

Automated rebar placement

Rebar placement robot

Robot spot welder

Auto. Area & volume calc.

Technology Derivation Paths

Auto. Structural analysis