The Pathology of UTERUS Prof.Dr. Ferda Özkan Prof.Dr. Ferda Özkan.
ISTANBUL UNIVERSITY ASSOCIATE PROF.DR. HÜSEYİN TUR.
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Transcript of ISTANBUL UNIVERSITY ASSOCIATE PROF.DR. HÜSEYİN TUR.
Compressional (P) and Shear (S) wavesCompressional (P) and Shear (S) waves
P wave: the fastest P wave: the fastest kind of seismic kind of seismic wave. The P wave wave. The P wave can move through can move through solid rock and solid rock and fluidsfluids
S wave: slower S wave: slower than a P wave and than a P wave and can only move can only move through solid rockthrough solid rock
Re
flect
ed
Refle
cted
M
ode
Conv
erte
d
Mod
e Co
nver
ted
S-w
ave
(SV)
S-w
ave
(SV)
SurfaceSurface/ / seafloorseafloor
ReflectorReflector
P-wave P-wave SourceSource 3C/4C 3C/4C
ReceiverReceiverCMPCMP CCPCCP
Reflec
ted
Reflec
ted
P-wav
e
P-wav
e
Incident P-waves
Incident P-waves
Transmitted P and Transmitted P and SV wavesSV waves
Basic reflection theoryBasic reflection theory Refected and Transmitted wavesRefected and Transmitted waves Reflection coefficientReflection coefficient
the velocity increases across the the velocity increases across the interface the reflection coefficient interface the reflection coefficient will be will be positive (peak)positive (peak)
RC's are negativeRC's are negative when moving when moving from a high velocity to a low from a high velocity to a low velocity velocity (trough)(trough)
PhasePhase: Refers to the SHAPE of a : Refers to the SHAPE of a waveletwavelet
PolarityPolarity: Only has positive and : Only has positive and negative conditionsnegative conditions
Bright Spot Dim spot and Flat SpotBright Spot Dim spot and Flat Spot Bright spotBright spot is preresented is preresented
with high ampliture with high ampliture indicacate low velocity gas indicacate low velocity gas sand. Sometime bright spot sand. Sometime bright spot may exist because of some may exist because of some lithologic variationlithologic variation
Dim spotDim spot have nearly the have nearly the same velocity between two same velocity between two layers. layers.
Flat spot is a reflection from Flat spot is a reflection from the flat upper surface of a the flat upper surface of a liquid, that is a liquid, that is a contact contact between a liquid and a gas. between a liquid and a gas. Only recognizable when theOnly recognizable when the other reflections around it other reflections around it are not flatare not flat
VelocityVelocity
Some factors effect to velocity:Some factors effect to velocity:
Compaction (depend on depth)Compaction (depend on depth)
Lithology Lithology (limestone>sandstone)(limestone>sandstone)
PorosityPorosity
Pore fluid type (H2O>Oil>Gas)Pore fluid type (H2O>Oil>Gas)
Geologic ageGeologic age
WorkflowWorkflow
2D Seismic data acquisition
Seismic data processing
Seismis data interpretation
3D seismic data acquisition
Time to depth conversion
Geology
Location to Drill
Interpretation workflow (3D)Interpretation workflow (3D)
Display basemap and seis2Dv/3Dv
Interpret faults
Interpret horizons,create fault contacts
Create fault boundaries
Grid andContour map
IESX
CPS-3
Time to depthconversion
Depth mapVolumetriccalculation
Location To drill
Display BasemapDisplay Basemap
3D Survey
2D line
3Dinline) Crossline: 500-770, Increment: 20
2DCDP increment: 50
Display Seis2DV/3DVDisplay Seis2DV/3DV
Display style:Display style:
VI: variable intensity VI: variable intensity wiggle tracewiggle trace
VA VI
IN-LINE AND CROSS-LINEIN-LINE AND CROSS-LINESource PointsSource Points
4C Receivers4C Receivers In-line GeophoneIn-line Geophone
Cross-line GeophoneCross-line Geophone
NN
Method to pick the FaultsMethod to pick the Faults
Inline 570: parallel to Fault strike Crossline 570: perpendicular to Fault strike
Grid and Contour Horizon_1Grid and Contour Horizon_1
Time map with Fault boundaries Time map with no Fault boundaries
Time: 680-770 (ms)Gridding>structural Gridding
Grid and Contour Horizon_2Grid and Contour Horizon_2
Time map with Fault boundaries Time map no fault boundaries
Time: 940-1110 (ms)
Time to Depth ConversionTime to Depth Conversiontime to depth conversion
y = -1E-14x5 + 1E-10x4 - 4E-07x3 +
0.001x2 + 2.3851x + 0.4211
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
0 1000 2000 3000 4000
Time
Dep
th
Series1
Series2
Series3
Series4
Series5
Series6
Series7
Series8
Series9
Series10
Series11
Series12
Series13
Series14
Series15
Series16
Series17
Series18
Series19
Series20
Series21
Series22
Series23
Series24
Series25
Series26
Series27
Series28
Poly. (Series28)
Create Depth MapCreate Depth Map
Horizon_1: 1959-2265 (ft) Horizon_2: 2900-3536 (ft)
Interval: 25 (ft)Interval: 20 (ft)