Issue8 • - CORE
Transcript of Issue8 • - CORE
http://rmc.upm.•du.my/synthesls'
was higher compared
to other insecticides
tested. Cypermethrin
stlowed synergistic
values of l3-fold
followed by "f"HD-l
and chlorpyrifos withlJam<Igc"mptom OIl COCOCI
synergistic values of poth
7 and 6-foId, respectiYely for Sungai Tekam
population. The DEF gave a synergistic value of
4-fold against all populations tested while MADE
ga~ a synergistic value of 6-fold against Sungai
Tekam population. Tnese results snowedt~
monooxygenases were very active in the Sungai
Tekam population. The increased in synergism of
DEF indic&ed there were increase in enzyme
activities of esterases.
ISSN. 0127 - 9394
The Role of Metabolic Enzymes in theDevelopment of Resistance in Cocoa Mirid,
Helopeltis 'Iheivora WaterhouseRita Muhamad Awans. Dzolkhtfll Omar and Tan Soon Guan
• TtInI to ,...NIu
.,.......1., UPM R&D Digest, Issue 8, 1stQuaItef (Mar.200S)~
Topical bioas5ay5 were conducted to ewl~ the
toxicity of dettamethrin, cypermethrin, "tHCH and
chlopyrifos against 3 populirtions of H IheNoro
namely the cocoa populations (Serdang. Selangor)
and Su'" Tekam, Pahang) and tea population
(Banting. Selangor). The synergistic effects of
piperonyl butoxide (PBO), maleic acid diethyl ether
(MADE) and s.s.s-tributyl phosphorotrittlioate (DEF)
were also tested using similar technique. Based on
the LDso values, the toxicity of the insecticide tested
for the Serdang and Sungai Tekam populations were
chlopyrifos > "f"HQ-l > cypermethrin >
delWnethrin; forthe Banting population was T-HCH
> cypermethrin > chlorpyrifos > deltamethrin. The
most toxic insecticide was chlopyrifos with LDso
value of 3.028 x 10-2 rngIL for the Sungai Tekam
population. The synergism of PBO on cypermethrin
A Glance at Research Inventions &Innovations at UPM I
Ergonomic Design of Vehicles UsingNatural Gas
Putra Blok-lnterlocking Load-bearingHollow Block
2Spot/iJht
The Role of Metabolic Enzymes in theDevelopment of Resistlnce in CocoaMirid, Helopeltis Theivoro Wat£!mouse
Cost-efficient Production oftheShitake Mushroom on Sii'Ndust Waste
5 Development of Ultrasonic andMicrowave Techniques for Detectionof Decay in Wooden Cross-Arms
Rght against Cancer Cure - Tapioca!
9 Microbial Bioconversion of DomesticWm-ater Treatment Plant(DWTP) Sludge by LSB and SSB intoErMronmental Friendly So~ Nutrientsfor Ultimate Disposal
Replicnion of New Castle DiseaseVirus in Breast Cancer Cell Unes
] Seman,: Memories ofthe FirstMalaysian Veterinary School
4 Natural Spray Dried Pandan (pandanusomary/lifo/ius) Powder: Production andProduct Development
10
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12
c
6&7
B
• Issue 8 • Ist Quarter' Mar. 2005
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FEATURE
Serdang:Memories ofthe First Malaysian Veterinary School!
Syed Jaialudln'l Drive for AcademicExcellence
WindlofChangeAs UPM continues its forward journey towards
corpoi'Emion, sever.aI changes~ oa:urring I:t the
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~"..".,""'~.,.v.-..ya-.l~
lIIoInnId I'IICN AWQOIL ,.,. ....... ......-.r.,....,...... ............
R...-ozwrx:-l-l...1'GpooIaOiolo e.-cilNr~fella-JJil'II> 11''''''''''''''''_ rmIIouriI1/1f I'IJlMstl, 11'''''''''''' lIIt-"'wiIIlhr1jWor~ lib__ boproll8l1l1f01riN1riDoL BuI4a I>'JSIin;f_".._/ivonod; '- ri -~-f<w
low.tlIId<..-iAl~l£.. mJliA .........tIt-atk~ ..../oIm.IM_-.lV.~_IIISriLabr: .. 1M 1llM'"
Vet School: Brldpl the GapWrthin a span of3 dec:ades, UPM's Vet Sc:hool has
produced DVM graduates for nltlion building,
produced a school of academic scholars whose
excellence has a:ttracted the lrttention ofneighbouring countries for postgraduate studies,
helped to unify two rival Yel:erinary associations into
a single Veterinary Assoc:ia:tion of Mala~ia (YAM),and upper most the ISO recognition. These
achieYefT1ents promise a brighter future ferthe
Serdang Veterinary xr.ool. 0
JloI/J.R-..~~II'IlIl.IIBYSoIll1956tr-1M
U1IiIIumy<l{CqIoft. lh __--*".~Fo4lI>rlPZ~';'I!16Of<w~_IIIC-U~
llIIIIi>I,. UM.tlIId~IIMS tlIId1'llD'" t1IrH JO<W.
university level. In 1999 the staff ofthe animal
science department were moved to the Agriculture
Farulty but the courses taught in the DVM
cuniculum remain unaffected This change alsostref1gthened the teaching in the University
Veterinary Hospital and other professional services.
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Jlo8kiM, Ihrn>II ... /I FtmJFt1flIOtIolIon HIlJor~~
"""""'" l'- rqnudJfdiN-"<l{1U _lhjaiAMUPJI,;,1974a_AI"",*", PmJ'uIor,V~0h0It>Il S1lIilI«IIlId1Hallrw
....H.."'IM~"'V.-,ClbIktJlSlutlSu/t1r1l1mDlr15_ .. -'-"..........,hU-""'* ...W/fIIk>_....~III UPM. H.~0J0~<I-"'J<I tnRt4U, lVF,~""""""""""".",.".H.1WJIpIIbIb1ood_1j()_
1IIIWoh1lodwW2J~ ..~_l>«M>tIIl4l'1-1--ill_~"""".-"",*jiNlioIpJI'I1>/lI/WIIo~JI4l1oJpj<i/<rtlQb-...:JeiIU_<I{
""""""'"~-FAO,I.tEt. ACWltlll4smA. 77111f .....R...-o_~"""~.....-.. ...~ZioIIIa&Mw,LoloJII,~ 1JwlW, '1JJooilaiNI, 1Jwlooraig """ l'-1'IIilippiIra.
ISO 9001The year 2000 _ the Vet School reaching a
milestone - ISO 900 I award - that no other vetsc::hool in the world has accomplished. At a special
ceremony I:tthe school auditorium, the PrimeMinister of Malaysia Dr. Mah;dhir Molwnad
presented the certificate to the Dean ofthe School
Professor Sheikh Omar.
R...-o__~ l'- ISM;" 1119I. H. mintllUl'nJf-<I{1uIllIIIIJ.ltq/'rldrtd1tM III die..,. <Ie iIo1_tIftn-r J7_ ....IIIIiI'ImIIJ 1«:#lror<f1lllWoh 21 __ ......qIIIlQ/. UPM. lh J1ra
"""""-t ... QjforhU"",,-/If UBC, UPJI•
lh'----.,doT/IIII~""bII1ItsIf<l{dw~V.......,.~,.,..__tn-Jl.w.,r;a. Sril.-bl,
1JwlW,~DII.M~2"iIIIIJrIIbIN,U""_~
On sua:eeding Omar as
Dean of the Faculty in1978, Syed believed thl:t
the academic staff ought
to ext:eI in research and
despatched most of theacademic staff fer their
PhDs. Currently over-40of the 50 awlemk: sWf in
the Vet SdlOOI naveobtained their PhD
PoltJ:raduate Tralnl...Academic staff returning with their PhD degrees
wen! qualified to aa:ept pos1lJ"aduate students for
M5, MVM and PhD degrees rom Mala~ia, Middle
East oountries (lroq,/ran. Sudan. Ethiopia) Indonesia,Thailand, Myanmar and Olin.. ay Ncr.oember 2004,
the school has produced 65 PhD graduates while 39nave yet to complete.
The DVM curriculumThe 5-year DVM curriculum was "tailored to I'T'leeI:
the needs o( the government Yel:erinary service,
enablingYel:erinarians to approach liYestock:
problems in an irrt:egrlrted manner. An Animal
Industry project in the final semester ofthe course
made students to submit a 'minI" thesis. The S-year
DVM oourse started witt1 a blrtc:h of 10, the
enrolment aven1lJI!id 30 but in the late 1980's, it rosesharply to 75 and has remained constant thereafter.At the end of 2004, overall populltlion ofstudems in
the DVM prowamme was 360.
PnJjuIor Dr. Sy«1JalabIddbI Sy«1 SalIm
(1978-1983)~es from UPM, UK (l.ondoo, Cambridge, ~ocing,BristD( Glasgow; Dublin,~ Edinburgh). USA
(ComeIi. CaJifOrniaJ AusIr.iIia (Melbourne, Mutdoch,
QJeensJancV Canada (GueIf*i) and japan (K)oto).
Infrutructu...At outset the faculty was homeless. Subsequently,
the university approved RM I0 million for the Farulty
complex of two buildings. In 1975, the Animal
Science oc;c;upied the first building while the
Pathology and Clinial Studies shared oII1er fill:ilities.
Unfortunately Dr. Whitlic:k. the Canadian surgeon.
had no space but to convert a female toilet to a fully
air<anditioned sUJiery to perform some of the best
orthopedic surgeries on dogs and c:ats. Finally in early
1978, the Clinical and the Pathology Deparbnents
and the Dean's Office moved to the second building
ready to herald the gradum:ion of the first bm:h of
DVM graduates.
71wn.trlolllll tIS m. FGCIdty ofVIteI'iIwyMrdidtre a1IdA>timW Sckltce _ m JIP U __ oftM thru pu-ur~·afUPMiAl971
First Malaysian Veterinary SchoolOctober 4, 1971, witnessed tne birlt1 ofthe
Malaysian Veterinary School. The two DepartmentsofAnimal Science. Univenity of Malaya's (KualaLumpur) ..,d the College ofAgriaJlture (Serdv.g),
were combined to form one of the three foundidionfatuities in a new univel"5ity ill: Serding - UPM.
And fort.hl~ next. 25 years, Professor Om..Abdul
RahITWl (1971-1978) and his successors, Professor
Syed JalaJudin, (1978-1983), Pn::rfes50r Abdul Lnf
Ibrahim (1983-1993), Pn::rfes50r Tengku Azmi (1993
1997) and I'n::rfessor Sheikh OITlill" Abdul Rahman
(1997-2001), have led the Vet School to produce
847 DVM graduates by the el'ld of 2004 and
excelled in veterinary education and research,
acknowledged worldwide.
For most of the Twentieth Century, Malaysians
were trained either in Pakistan and India or inAustralia, Canada and UK The former, named
Indo-Pakgradues, could be emplo)'ed in the
government sector only as Assistant VeterinaryOfficers (AVOs) whereas the llitter. were appointedas Vetenn"ry Officers ryO) and enjoyed bettersalillies because of their eligibility for registmion with
the Royil College ofVe\:erinary Surgeon (RC\IS)
(UK) iI'1d~ the privilege ofusing the title MRCVS.
Omar'1 Dream for Revs RecopltionOmar embarked on a
¥ery ambitious mission
hoping to deovelop the
schoollrt UPM of
exceptional quality. His
main objective was to
combine batt1 veterinary
medicine and animalscience in a single
ProfuIl<H'Dr. OmarAbdKI curriculum to suit the,.".,..
(1971-197«) oountry's needs as wellsas enthusiastic to gilin RCVS recognition. He also
named it the Farulty ofVeterinary Medicine andAnimal Sciences so as to avoid moving Animal
Science component elsewhere.
.,......., UPM R&D Digest, /£sue 8, 1stQu.1rter(Mar.200S)
REGULARS RESEARCH UPDATE
Natural Spray Dried Pandan (Pandanus amaryllifolius) Powder:
Production and ~Product Development
Tan Chin Ping, S.K. Loh, Y.B. Che Man, A Osman and S.A.H. Nazimah
Drying is an ancient process used to preserve foods. It
is the most common food preservation process.
With literally hundreds of variants actually used in drying
of particulate solids, pastes, continuous sheets, slurries or
solutions, it provides the most diversity among food
engineering unit operations. The quality offood
powders is based on variety of properties depending on
the specific application. In general, the final moisture
content, the insolubility index, therheological properties
and the bulk density are of primary importance.
In recent years,
natural food
ingredients have
been recognized for
their health
promoting qualities.
Therefore, much
interest has been
Image ofspray-dried pandan powder devoted to .scanned at xBOO prepanng flavonng
and coloring
compounds from natural sources by extraction,
purification and isolation. In Malaysia, many fruits, plants,
spices, and herbs contain natural flavoring and coloring
compounds. The leaves of pandan (Pandanusamaryllifolius) have a strong aroma and are widely used
in South East Asia as flavoring compound for various
food products, such as bakery, sweets and even home
cooking. The preparation of pandan extract for cooking
is troublesome and difficult, since it involves many steps
such as washing, trimming, blending and filtration. With
this reason, Malaysian tends to search for altemative way
to overcome this problem using artificial pandan flavor
and artificial green color from the market. These artificial
color and flavor are use because they are convenient to
use as compared to traditional way of preparing the
pandan extract. In recent years, natural food ingredients
have been recognized for their health-promoting
qualities.
A study on the production of spray-dried pandan
powder was conducted and optimized using response
surface (RSM). Optimization ofthe dehydration process
is performed to ensure rapid processing conditions
yielding an acceptable-quality product and a high
throughput capacity. Optimum conditions of 170°C inlet
temperature and 6 rpm feed rate, with a constant outlet
temperature of 90°C, were established for producing
spray-dried pandan powder as an edible coloring and
flavoring powder. The study also evaluated the effect of
different types of carbohydrates, namely maltodextrin
and gum arabic, in the production of spray-dried pandan
powder. Product development of home made pandan
ice cream was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness
of spray-dried pandan powder as an ingredient in food.
A combination of maltodextrin and gum arabic gave
better results than using only maltodextrin or gum arabic
in the formulation of spray dried pandan powder in
terms of physicochemical properties and sensory scores.
In general, the optimum condition for the formulation of
pandan ice cream using spray dried encapsulated pandan
powder was established. The developed drying
techniques can be applied to produce encapsulated
flavor and color powder fro use in various food
products. 0
Spray Dried Pandan powder
GOLD - UPM Invention and Research Exhibition2002 (PRP 2002).
Faculty ofFood Science and TechnologyUniversiti Putra Malaysia43400 UPM, Serdang, SelangorMalaysia
Tel: +60389468418E-mail: [email protected]
Tel: +603 8946 7248E-mail: [email protected];
Two strains L 2161 and L2 were found to outperformthe rest and offers exciting possibilities forcommercialization with this new technology. 0
'MI\*We have formulated precise temperature-light-humidity-aeration regimes for 20 commercial strains wherebyspecial fruiting techniques and substrate supplementationare employed to maximize yield.In the selection for high biomass strains a modifiedchemical (chitin assay) technique is used that is superiorto one based on visual estimation.
Department ofPlant ProtectionFaculty ofAgricultureUniversiti Putra Malaysia43400 UPM, Serdang, SelangorMalaysia
GOLD - UPM Invention & Research Exhibition2002 (PRP2oo2).
We have perfected a new precision technology for acost-efficient, high-yield production ofthe shiitakemushroom:
2. Establish precise environmental and culturalconditions for each strain.
3. Select objectively high biomass strains.
Using morphogenetic markers in the form ofdevelopmental enzymes such as extracellular laccase andcarboxymethylcellulase, we have overcome the majorproblem of determining when the mushroom is 'ready'to be fruited. We have found that laccase for example,increases during mycelial growth, peaks when growth ismaximum, and decreases rapidly thereafter just prior tofruiting. A sudden drop in this enzyme's activitytherefore constitutes the signal to expose bags to initiatefruiting.
Tan Yee-How, Mohd Noor Abd Wahab and Ganisan Krishnen
Cost-efficient Production of theShitake Mushroom on Sawdust Waste
However this technology gave inconsistent yield andquality resulting from the failure to:
I. Pinpoint the exact time for opening the bags toinitiate fruiting.
This biotechnologyinvolved inoculatingmycelia (spawninto supplementedsawdust packed inplastic bags,creating syntheticlogs. After spawnrun, when thesubstrate appeared Shiitake mushrooms grown on naturalvisually to be fully wood logspermeated by mycelia with patches of brownpigmentation, the bag was exposed for fruiting withspecial techniques employed.
The shiitake (Lentinu/a edodes, commercially thepremier mushroom in the world has traditionally
been cultivated on hardwood logs. However due to adwindling supply, long gestation period (2-3 years) andlow yield (8-10%), this production method has becomeobsolete. A new technique with a six-fold increase inyield and 90% reduction in incubation time wasdeveloped by us (Tan & Chang, 1989).
Shiitake mushrooms cultivated on synthetic 'logs' ofsawdust
~ Synthesis, UPM R&D Digest, Issue 8, 1st Quarter (Mar.2005)
REGULARS RESEARCH UPDATE
Development of Ultrasonic and Microwave Techniques for
Detection ofDecay in Wooden Cross-ArmsKaida Khalid, Mohd. Hamami Sahri, Sidek Abd. Aziz, Lai Sook Kean,Ng Kok Cheang and Roslim Mohd.
Tel: +60389466605E-mail: [email protected]
Department ofPhysicsFaculty ofScienceUniversiti Putra Malaysia43400 UPM, Serdang, SelangorMalaysia
..Tapioca! 61
MAKNA Award - National Cancer Council ofMalaysia Award 2004
MTSF Award - Malaysia Toray ScienceFoundation Award 2004
Department ofBiomedical ScienceFaculty ofMedicine and Health SciencesUniversiti Putra Malaysia43400 UPM, Serdang, SelangorMalaysia
Tel: +60389468440E-mail: [email protected]
- UPM Invention and Research Exhibition2002 (PRP 2002).
3rd Prize - UPM Invention and ResearchExhibition 2000 (PRP 2000).
rrttm*However no detailed study has been carried out yet
to evaluate the cancer chemopreventive activities of
bacteriocin. By knowing the potential of the
bacteriocin to fight various malignancies, this work is
proposed to assess its anti-tumour promoting activity
on mice induced with skin cancer. Our preliminary
tests indicated that seven types of cancer, including
cervical, ovarian, breast and leukaemia, could be
prevented by eating tapa! ubi. 0
Applying this detection system, the transit times
along L-L direction for sound wood, incipient wood,
and cracked wood fall under the ranges of lOOms to
200lJ.S, 200j.Ls to s00lJ.S, and above sOOj.Ls
respectively. To complete the study, several
prototypes have been developed, which can be used
for field-testing or maintenance work 0
reduce the total plasma cholesterol concentration
and the Enterobacteriaceae counts significantly as
compared to the control group. Under the study
conducted at UPM, the bacterioicin UL4 also
exhibited positive in vitro cytotoxic activities towards
a few cancerous cell lines, for instances breast
carcinoma (estrogen receptor-positive MCF7 and
estrogen receptor-negative MDA MB231), cervical
adenocarcinoma (HeLa), ovarian cancer (CaOV3)
and acute promyelocytic leukaemia (HL60) cells.
moisture content especially at EMC. This method is
managed to detect inner decay up to 2 cm from the
surface of the wood. In ultrasonic method, an
investigation has been done to find suitable method
of measurement, especially detection of decay under
the metal block
Various types ofmicrowave wood meter (A) wood moisture meter and decay level detection in wooden cross-arm(B) wood densitometer (e) computer-assisted wood densitometer
Latifah showing a sample ofthe bacteriocin extractedfromfermented tapioca
Ultrasonic transit timemeter and a sample holder
Latifah Saiful Yazan, Foo Hooi Ling, Raha Abdul Rahim and Loh Teck Chwen
UPM scientists are researching the possibility of
using tapai ubi, or fermented tapioca, as a
prevention against cancer.
The feeding trial results demonstrated that it could
Lactobacillus plantarum UL4 (Lactic Acid Bacteria)
isolated from local tapai ubi (fermented tapioca,
Manihot esculanta) is able to produce bacteriocin
(designated as bacteriocin UL4) that shows broad
inhibitory activities towards a numbers of pathogens,
such as Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Streptococcuspneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonellatyphimurium, Enterococcus faecium and Listeriamonocytogenes. Bacteriocin UL4 not only can
withstand high temperatures up to 121°C for
15 minutes but is also stable at temperatures below
15°C for up to 60 days.
............1
In this project the microwave reflection technique
and ultrasonic method which is based on the transit
time have been developed of in-situ measurement.
In this study, we categorize the decay on the wood
into three stages of decays namely severely decay,
incipient decay and sound
wood. In microwave
method these stages can be
related to the amount of
water that can be absorbed
by weathered wood and
secondly on the wood
density at particular
As for pH tolerence, the bacteriocin UL4 is also
tolerable to broad pH range, which includes acidic
(pH 2-5) and basic (pH 7-8) pH. The physiological
effects of bacteriocin UL4 have been studied by
feeding to post weaning rats as feed additive.
Most ofthe cross
arms of the 275
kVand 123 kV
transmission lines in
Malaysia and certain
counties are using
hard wood especiallyA wooden cross-arms as part of from Chengal species.the transmission-line tower Due to natural
weathering this wooden cross-arms is degraded and
decayed. For safety reason there is a need for a
simple, light, and accurate nondestnuctive decay
detection.
Synthesis, UPM R&D Digest, Issue 8, 1st Quarter (Mar.2005) ~
THROUGH THE LENS
ResearchHappenings
DYNAIIIIC FORCE: Prot. Ksitlo. KI101id. 'R&D win IIIIIpUPM p""""'" 1t._IIdI..'
ATYOUR SERVICE: Th'Iormll' ~C Dir1ocIor,""". Mohd. Shahwahld dU~1'G hll C~rclIWI'III1<s at 1M lunctior1
Lecturer's Month (27-29 December 2005)
INlIRa.I!D: Dr. FaHhru1-flu1 """".,;jun, DllputyDi_. Rt.lC (rigN) IICru\I.o'Ii"'g ISO proctdura whilllIllJItapho. KMIIII (c.m.), _.~I_,RhIC IndMoIwrrI&d Azlln (1IlI}, Adminirtnti.. orIicIr. NSPEMthaw-.__dumg "" ISO IfI<lI1ahDp
FACIG llE FACTS: 190 willl'!llip UPM acadIlrrioilnlIn filling llllmagi inl<IrrollIonaI
ISO Template Workshop (18J~ 2005)
SEAL OF APPROVALI: ~.R8tl'1-.>yMunloncly b~eIIngtn. Prln» Mlnll!llr DIDJc Sorl AbdLiIah Atrnlld _
National IntellectnalProperty Day 2005 (U MDT. 2005)
MORE ""0 tit UPII: RMwch M"'*"lIOl'rl'lilnt0snlrlI argln_1rwenIIan, _ <I. 1rn:7JdDn20ClIl Exhiblion hlld atvllioul Fao:oJli-. Inrtitutes RECOGNT10N OF COH11'IIIWT1DN: Judgel"""""" 1111>~ fI<lm 1-18 March 2OO!i Mu.ti~ wchibit.1or.1fIWdo
Invention, Research and Inoovation 2005 (PRPI2005) (1-19 MDT. 2005)---r::--
MaInysia Toray Science Foundation Award (MTSF) (13 Dec 2004)
PARADIGM -.uIH!RS: I dllcu""",,, '" great...-EllPAraNG HORIZONI UPM'a ..,II'" PolandCSMId a~ lor lL111n1 """'rmIc DDI1I1bc'atIonBbGtweanUPM &.......-Ied F'cIhlh ..._
COIliNG TOCMTIII!R: U'M'a \/leaChWlcellor, I'rofMloor D8to' Dr. ~. MDhd.ZDroIr:lla I!IIrdUl bLlklrc:l gacxt,oIll witholIiciIIa from WUT
- -F05TERIING TES: Vllft tlw_ u........rWIy<1 TochnclOCJll (Wlm, Paland~ l,PM,& 4"'"rTtler~
Vice-chancellor's Visit to Poland (27Nov-5 Dec 20(4)
IN RECOONrT1ON: Do. l..&lbh (1IfI} and Lm Moon Nian(axlrama ~ght). lila \we rwcIplarU cflha MIIKNI'. c.nearR-.:h "-d.2OOol with c/I'Iclal, rJ! t.\loKNA
QUEST FOIl: EXCEL1.ENCE:ll', "I'"~tI1.MTSF_ """"" YBDlltIJ< Prof. [}'. Mdld R..,jdin, Parliamlll'Uly__ by YB 0.10 Sri Dr JlIl'IIIlldn MoMJarjis, 1110 lion. Il4IrUliIr orSoiInc. T«tIrology.IMDWtlon I'IiIk:I an 13 0IIc 2004
IIT1iF I'rt. P1_.1Ii1lun e-.onr.frDm 1IIlt: Prd. MDhd._d form.. RMGDi_. Do, lJItif&l191i1u1...,d 'l'B1"Q.T...,S,i0.>' Do. so,.l JaIIIudln Syed SIIIm,et.Irm...,. Eurninlllkln~
FARI!WI!L1.: Word' 01 k1nd.- by lI1a<V;gong daputy diractor, RMC, Auoc, Prof. Dr.Sld"a1lha_~ klnchaon on 14,1&'12005
CARlNClI GI!ST1IRI!: M&'111l11rc:1 Edllo,.N~ "-rc:I_lOk4ln ofllflP1lCiation on behaW of Publication &. PromotionlklIt,lWCfrcm Dr. SklIII<.
FOIl. TIlE IIECOIID:: fImt """ (frcm laI'I3:Na)WI. Do. Sid.., fl1zaI: bact< raw (from1at'I): ...... lalhan, N.maznlta I!o. NMlmI
KIIOWIlIGIIE, KlIOWIlIG YOU: Dr SklIII<. 'hulng _01 wIad"'" w1th hili uN! mamw.-- ('Irom IafI) Nurhll>nlta,ZAlh., I!o. NMlmI
l"IIH.-n..:wcp_oI___hoi:>' 1D oon\Inua1O do'" b.. ...,d IxIl:*flJ....,qu..lty_pltlI~
~'...AU. "1.ElI: RMG _enJoying 1hsI' ........ dumgDo. Sidllk', fInwaIllu1chaon
~ .,.......,1., UPM R&D Digest, b:sue 8, 1stQuatte" (Mar.200S) SpIt......, UPM R&D Digest. Issue 8, 1stQualter(Mar.200S) ~
Ergonomic Design ofVehicles Using Natural Gas
REGULARS RESEARCH UPDATE
Rosnah Mohd. lusuft', Lo Woon Chek, Barkawi Sahari and M.M.H. Megat Mohamad
Example ofbi-fuelled NGV available in the market- Volvo S80 (OEM)
Tel: +60389466342E-mail: [email protected]
Installation ofCNG containerin the luggage compartmentofthe vehicle
Department ofMechanical andManufacturing EngineeringFaculty ofEngineeringUniversiti Putra Malaysia43400 UPM, Serdang, SelangorMalaysia
Since natural gas vehicles offer many benefits, from
improving public health and the environment, it is said
that NGVs are leading the way to a better tomorrow
today.@
container, space availability and requirement, additional
weight to the vehicle, ease of maintenance, assembly
and disassembly of new components create new impact
on the vehicle design. The impact of these changes to
the design of the vehicle from the ergonomics aspects
will be considered, evaluated and analyzed to ensure
comfort, safety and ease not only to the users but
maintenance and assembly operators. Various design
configurations will be considered using human modeling
tools such as ManneQuinPro and ENVISION/Ergo. The
design ofthe natural gas vehicle considers among other
things, frequency of refueling, speed, travel distance and
that the performance of the vehicle is at least level with
that of a petrol-fuelled car.
However, the use of natural gas in vehicles provides
other challenges such as the safety and design changes
required to the vehicle. The location ofthe mounted
In Malaysia, there are currently about 7,000
vehicles powered by natural gas, mostly
conventionally fuelled vehicles that have been
converted to run on natural gas. The fuel system uses a
combustible natural gas (CNG) conversion kit which is
added to a vehicle without any major modifications to
the vehicle's system. Natural gas is not only more
environmental friendly, it is also cheaper as the cost of
CNG fuel is only about a third of that of petrol. Since its
benefits to the environment and public health, its
abundance and cheaper cost, the use of natural gas as
the sale energy source has been considered in car
design.
The use of natural gas in vehicles (NGVs) as
an altemative fuel is increasing worldwide.
Compared with vehicles fuelled by
conventional diesel and gasoline, NGVs can
produce significantly lower amounts of
harmful emissions such as nitrogen oxides,
particulate matter, and toxic carcinogenic
pollutants and reduce emissions of carlbon
dioxide. In US the growth of NGVs are
expected to increase to 12 million in 20 I0
(Guo, 1996). Japan, although an importer of
natural gas, had made plans to increase NGV
up to 3000 and CNG fueling stations by 2000
sites in the year 2000.
The Interlocking Hollow Load bearing
~~ Block Building System has won many
National and Intemational awards and has
been granted Patents under UK Patent number
GB2361254B and Malaysian Patent number
MYI15629A.@HalfBlockCOTner BlockStretcher Block
PutraBlok-Interlocking Load-bearing Hollow BlockMohd. Razali Abdul Kadir, Abang Abdullah Abang Ali, Mohd. Salleh Jaafar, Abdul Aziz Abdul Samad,Rahinah Ibrahim, DN. Trikha and Waleed A.M. Thanoon
UTRA BLOK is an invention of the Housing Research
Centre, Universiti Putra Malaysia. lt is a new,
innovative, interlocking load bearing, hollow block
building system, designed to satisfY the modular
coordination requirement as a part ofthe 'open'
Industrialised Building Systems (IBS) concept.
The main idea of Interlocking Hollow Block System
(IHBS)-PUTRA BLOK is the elimination of the mortar
layers. The blocks are interconnected through the
provision of protrusions and grooves. The elimination of
mortar layers in the IHBS will speed up construction and
reduce the number of skilled and unskilled worlkers
required to construct identical mortar blocks.
The interlocking block system is therefore being
promoted as a new building technique that will not only
result in reduced costs but will speed up the
construction process as a result of the elimination of
mortar layers. As they are light with self-aligning features,
the interlocking hollow blocks can be assembled much
faster compared to the conventional mortar masonry
construction.
Three different interlocking block units were developed
to assemble a wall unit i.e. comer block. Half block and
Putra interlocking load bearing hollow black units
the Stretcher block
In addition, the assembled blocks provide continuous
hollow voids that can be used to host ties or stiffeners in
vertical and horizontal directions. Unskilled labor,
although not familiar with the system, found it easy and
simple for construction purposes. No formworlk was
used in the construction of the house. The lintels or
beams were embedded in the block thus further
reducing construction time.
SILVER - British Inventions Society 2004(BIS, London, UK)
SILVER - Ideas-Inventions-New Products 2004(lENA, Germany)
CIDB Award - Construction Industry DevelopmentBoard Award 2002
- International Exhibition ofInventions, NewTechniques & Products 2001, Geneva
Department ofCivil EngineeringFaculty ofEngineeringUniversiti Putra Malaysia43400 UPM, Serdang, SelangorMalaysia
Tel: +6038946 7849E-mail: [email protected]
~ Synthesis, UPM R&D Digest, Issue 8, 1st Quarter (Mar.2005)
TIl: +603 8946 6268, 89466183E-IIUJil: t'[email protected]
1JqMufIrImI ofC1Mmit:al and
~J!.IIP-rinI
Faculty of1!llIIIIHrlIttUlfiwrlitihtmM~43400 UPJl, &"*",, &blforM_
CIR11pIUiMRI <f<'tim rrowIIo EwduaIiDfI ofcom rmwill& wiI1Iwill IWJ:CfJ1IIiKMlI "" fr/1llker DI1III[HJ$fSofIWKlIltdge
•- British /nventiolll Society 2004 (BIS.l.multm. UK).
Spedal SILVER - British /nYe1ltion:r Society 2004(BIS,l.multm. UK).
SILVER -ldeos-/nYe1ltion:r-New Product.r 2004(lENA. Gemumy).
•- UPMlnvMtion oi Ruearch bhibititm2002 (PRP 2(02).
SILVER - Expo SciuJce and Technology 2002(EXPO SoiT2002).
additional wutes. Obviously. it has potential toprovide dUi.1 benefits; firstly, it ensures the ultil'Tatedisposal ofwastes and, secondly; it provides a valueadded end product The process is simple, low costand easy to operate. Obviously, it is convenient andeffective method for ensuring a congenii.1environment for human beings.
Both, solid strte bi~rsion ofdomesticwastewater 1relltment plant sludge into compost(SSB), and liquid state biOCOl1Yersion of sewage1relltment plant sludge (LSB) are Pltent-pendingunder Mili.ys;ii.n Patent registridion numberPI 2ODJOH2, i.nd PI 20030'41 respectively. 0
The SSB process is nirtula\ non-haurdous i.ndenvironmentally fTiendly compared to i.J1)' one oftheexisting conventional i.nd aclwnced techniques forwastewatersludge management and disposal.Moreoverthe SSB tec:fvlique is permi.Ilent andsustainable. The end product is a value addedorganic fertilizer and therefore will not genenrte any
Generollly,tnis technique has opened i. newbio\:edlnological app~ in the economicimportance of"treating lower (S I% wlw ofTSS)and/or higher (:S4% wlw ofTSS) DWTP sludge bythrough enhandng the biosolids accumullllion,biosepantl:ion and biodegrad<tl:ion of treated sludge.This may contribute to better sludge mi.nagementstrwI:egies in such a -mrs as (i) biosolids iCQJmul.tiontIW: can be used as pre-treillment mnerW for rolpidand effective composling by solid strtebiOCOl1Yersion (Vil!il:ez et ai, 2000, Molla, 2002)because it has large amounts of orpnic mlJtter,macro- and micro-nutrients and tnere exist microbesfor quick bioconversion i.lld (M) biodewadl!ion ofDWT'P sludge supematAnt tIW: can be disposedwithout any furthertreabnent and meets thestandard values required for discharge OLBS, 1999).
modified by decomposition and humifiaIlion tnrouitla wide variety of biological changes (Vuorinen, 2lXX».Generolily biologial oxidation is i. dehydrogenirtionprocess and dehydrogenase; are i. very imporWltgroup of enzymes forthe composting process (Fanget ai, 1998). MorecMlr, the organic N is mineralizedto ammonia. by ammonifica:l:ion reactions as a resultof tne microbii.1 activity. Then the lJTYT10niaundergoes different processes such as, vol.tilization,ilTYT1obilizalion. denitriflCirtion and nitriliation basedon different sitUlrtions (Sanchez-Monedero et 01.,2001).
RESEARCH UPDATE
In the SSB (solid strte bioconversion) process tneend product is i. value lidded orxanic fertilizer(compost) whidl exhibited superior potentii.1 inplant grawIh and development. MasUy, tne processwas conducted under laboratory conditions. In tneSSB process, IWK domestic wast:ew.rter sludge (fromdrying bed or LSB) wtth 8-10% solids content wasoll"ed followed by separwtion of foreiwl particles andmade more or less homogenous. Then it wassterilized after i.ddition of bulking I'Taterials (sawdustand rice straw) i.nd optimized process factors suchas, co-substl'ilte, pH, ON ratio, and moisture leYel.Finally the 6% mixed furta! mixed inocula(approxim.tely 35 x 103 sporeslmQ was used forinoculation and incu~ 75 dil)'S for bioconversion.
Generally in the SSB process tne enhanced microbialgrawIh for excretion of several enzymes helps thebiological oxidation of the organic substl'ilte. Theaerobic biodewadl!ion converts tne substrate intoCOlo H20 i.lld relWiely sl:i.bIe humus substinces.The long cluined arbon compounds becomessimpler ones. Therefore tne organic materials are
REGULARS
Microbial Bioconversion ofDomestic Wastewater Treatment Plant (DWTP)Sludge by LSB and SSB into EnvironmentalFriendly Soil Nutrients for Ultimate Disposal .et
l*
A. Fakhru'I-Razi, A.H. Molla and HZ. A1am
The L.5B (liquid stAte bioool1llel"5ion) process was~Iopedwith controlled condition in a
labor.ttory. In the L.5B process, the "filamentous fungiwas isolated (Fakhru1-Razi et aI., 2002a) from itsrelevant sources (wastewiJter. DWTP sludge andsludge cake). Immobilized illd/or c:rTInpped wut:eparticles of Indah Watx!s" Konscrtium O'vVK) DWTPsludge was carried out 1I1rouItJ 1I1e filamentousmycelial forma:tion of pelletslflocs (S I%wlw ofTSS).This has enhanced the settling and dewateri~
characteristics. and biosolids accumulation (2.5% wlwofTSS) ofthe~ sludge (Alim eta/.. 2001 b).The fungal growtI1 and its secondary metabolites i.e.enzymes influenced 1he reduction ofsoluble organicsubstances present in the sludge and acceler.rted thebioconversion process significantly (Friedrich et aI.,1983. 1987: Jin et a/. 1999: Alam et aJ.. 2001 b). Inhigher solids c.ontent sludge (:!Ii: 4% wlw ofTSS). themicroorpnisms only errtnpped the solid particles,compressed the treated sludge with their filamentousmycelia ttliIl: modified the porosit¥ structure ofbiosolids and enhanced the dewlrtefabilitylfitterability(Hamdi and Ellouz, 1992; Friedridl et aI., 1986) asweD as bio-acaJmllli.tion of tre;rted DWTP sludge(FakIY1J1-Razi et aI., 2002b).
....in Cocoa Mirid, Helopeltis Theivora Waterhouse_F.-p..,o..,--c,,,-,,,---,--.,, These results
indiarted th<tl: thisenzyme might.
also play a role inmetabolism ofdllorpyrifos,cypermethrin and
deltamethrin forllanNlgr'YfllP/fltllDnytJlllllCOCOllIIItxM i.llthe popul;rtion
tested. The resistance r.rtio of25-fold for
cypermethrin in the Banting population and 13-fold
for chlopyrifos in the Sungai Tel<.am population were
higher compared to Serdang popullttion (susceptiblepopulation). The Sungai TeIwn popull!ion showed
increasing tolerance towards the insecticides testedcompared to Banting i.IlCI Serdang popullllions.
Results indici.teclthe impending resistance in the
mirids. Formullllion of chemical management is
necessary to be integrated into the pest
mar.agement of the pest Effective resistance
mar.agement in agricultural insect pests depends on
early detection of tne problem and rapid assimillllion
of tne information on the resistant popullttlon.0
SILVER- UPMlnvMtionfllldRuearchExhibition 2002 (PRP 20(2).
'~~ofP~FacMlly ofA,riclIltureU"mniti Pwra Jlalaylu,43400 UPM, s.ro-,. s.z-,orM_Tel: +603 8946 71A4E-mail: rita@!J8ri..6.IJ1.!!du.my
8yntItesIs. UPM R&D Digest, Issue 8, 1st Quarter (Mar.ZOOS) fI
Dr.Sidek Abd. Aziz, outgoingdeputy director,Publication, Promotion &System Unit, RMC
Fakhru1joined Universiti Putra Malaysia in 1981 and becamehead of the Department of Chemical and EnvironmentalEngineering, Faculty ofEngineering from 1st July 1998 till 31Jan 2004. He was awarded a MARA Scholarship to pUISuetertiary education at Leeds University in 1976. He obtainedhis Doctorate in Environmental Engineering in 1994 from theUniversity of Newcastle upon Tyne (UK).
nAssociate Professor Dr. Sidek Hj. Abd. Aziz, outgoing deputydirector, Research Management Centre left the Centre on 15January 2005 with reflective memories of his sheer hard workand commitment to the Centre. Ever since his appointmentwith RMC in November 2001 as the head of the Publication,Promotion & System Unit, he was actively involved inconducting and successfully organising various exhihitions atboth national and international levels. In a nutshell, the unitowes its success to his creditibility.He could now be reached at 03 89466682 (faculty), or viaemail [email protected].(Turn to centre page for pictorial news.)
• From Page Twelve
Read this - a call forcontributions!!Ifyou have any contributions comprising feature articles
or research write-ups that you would like uS to publish inthe esteemed columns of Synthesis, or any suggestions
that you may wish to make for the forthcoming issues,please send them to: The Managing Editor, Synthesis,
Publication, Promotion and System Unit, ResearchManagement Centre, 4th Floor, Administration Building,
43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia or via the
Internet to [email protected] [email protected]
The editor reserves the right to edit articles for clarity andspace before publication.
He has to his credit received several national and internationalawards for various research achievements. In addition, he hasalso received the Emerald Highly Commended Award 2003,and the Swiss Inventors and Patent Holders Special Awardrecently at lENA 2004 in UK and Germany. In addition, heholds various international professional affiliations.
Fakhru1-Razi's research interests are in the areas ofenvironmental engineering, nanotechnology; and safety andemergency management. He has more than 170 publicationsof which over 70 are in various journals related toenvironmental engineering, nanotechnology, and emergencyand disaster management.
RMCUpdatesThe Publication & Promotion Unit of the Research ManagementCentre (RMC), UPM is now known as Publication, Promotion &
System Unit.
FactFile
n Dr. Fakhru'I-Razi Ahmadun, Associate Professor and Lecturerin Environmental Engineering from the Faculty ofEngineering took over as the new incoming deputy directorResearch Management Centre effective 16 January 2005. Dr.Fakhru'l heads the Publication, Promotion & System Unit ofthe Research Management Centre. He could be reached at 038946 6183 (RMC), 03 8946 6304 (faculty), or via email [email protected]
nDr.Fakhru'/-RaziAhmadun,incoming new deputy director,Publication, Promotion &System Unit, RMC
Tel: +60389468439, 86567840/43/45E-mail: [email protected]
Bronze - Institute ofBioscience Exhibition 2004,UPM.
Bronze - UPM Invention & Research Awards 2003(PRP 2003).
First Prize - Best Confocal Micrograph, Langkawi,2003.
SILVER - International Exhibition for Inventions,Innovations, Technology & Industrial Design(I-TEX2003).
GOLD - UPM Invention & Research Awards 2002(PRP 2002).
This study had proven that this local strain of NOV
can induce apoptosis in MCF-7 breast cancer cell
lines. This study also suggests that this virus appeared
to be well replicated in breast cancer cells. 0
infection. Meanwhile at 72 hours, virus budding
became more dominant and a lot of virus particles
were released into cytoplasmic region leading to
explotion ofthe cancer cells into fragments known
as apoptotic bodies.
Faculty ofMedicine and Health SciencesUniversiti Putra Malaysia43400 UPM, Serdang, SelangorMalaysia
Immunolabelling ofNDV with polyclonal antibody inMCF-7cellline--{A) control (B - D) 24, 48 and72 hours post-inoculation (B-D).
Replicalion ofNDV - Transmission electron micrograph ofMCF-7 cells at 12 hours post-infection. Note virus particles(VP) and accumulation ofnucleocapsids (N) in the cytoplasm
Fauziah Othman, Aini, I., Asmah, R., Omar, AR., Manaf, M., Malin, J., Zolkapli, E.,Nor Asiah M.N., Narayani, M., Hadiyatul-Hanim, M.TH and Tengku-Shahrul, T.M.Y
These features indicate the occurrence of apoptosis.
This reseanch also demonstrated that AF 2240 strain
of NOV is capable of replicating in the cytoplasm of
tumor cells. Within the cytoplasm, inclusions were
fomred by accumulations of viral nucleocapsids
surrounded by 'fuzzy' electron dense material.
Electron microscopy has shown that nucleocapsids
appeared in the cytoplasm at 6 hours and 12 hours
post-infection. To confer this, immunolabelling
technique was applied to detect the presence of
NOV using CLSM. At 24 hours post-infection,
particles accumulate and inclusions closely aligned
the plasma membrane and vacuolar membrane as
particles prepared to bud. Nucleocapsids aggregate
within the cytoplasm and virus budding at vacuolar
membrane were also observed at 36 hours post-
The objective of this study is to investigate the
replication and morphological changes of breast
cancer cell lines (MCF-7) infected with AF 2240
strain which is a velogenic Malaysian strain of NOV.
The breast cancer cell line, MCF-7 is maintained in
complete media RPMI 1640 supplemented with 10%
fetal calf serum and I% antibiotic penicillin
streptomycin in an atmosphere of 5% C02 at 37"C.
Morphological features of infected cells and virus
replication were studied by using transmission
electron microscopy (TEM) and confocal laser
scanning microscope (CL5M) and observation was
done for 6, 12, 24, 36 and 72 hours post-infection.
TEM observation revealed that AF 2240 strain of
NOV induced apoptosis in MCF-7 breast cancer cell
lines. When thin sections of infected cells were
examined, the effect of infection was observed.
Infection was associated with condensation of
chromatin, shrinkage of total cell volume, membrane
blabbing and constriction of both nucleus and
cytoplasm into membrane bound apoptotic bodies.
Breast cancer is the commonest cancer in women
in most part of the world and refers to malignant
tumor that is developed from the breast.
Recently, there has been a renewed interest in the
potential use of cytolytic viruses to cause selective
destruction of tumors. A few viruses have shown to
induce apoptosis of tumor cells such as mumps virus,
nipah virus, adenovirus and Newcastle disease virus
(NOV). NOV vaccines have been reported to be
effective in some patients with advance cancer who
had exhausted conventional cancer treatment.
Infection of cells with virus often stimulates cellular
self-destruction mechanism, known as apoptosis.
~ Synthesis, UPM R&D Digest, Issue 8, 1st Quarter (Mar.2005)
Replication of New Castle Disease Virus in
Breast Cancer Cell Lines~
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-Synthesis--------
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