To understand how the impacts of tectonic hazards differ in MEDCs and LEDCs.
Issue 1: The question of promoting reliable microfinancing practices in LEDCs Expert Chair: Leo Kim.
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Transcript of Issue 1: The question of promoting reliable microfinancing practices in LEDCs Expert Chair: Leo Kim.
![Page 1: Issue 1: The question of promoting reliable microfinancing practices in LEDCs Expert Chair: Leo Kim.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062511/5516fd80550346f5558b4ec1/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Issue 1: The question of promoting reliable microfinancing practices in LEDCsExpert Chair: Leo Kim
![Page 2: Issue 1: The question of promoting reliable microfinancing practices in LEDCs Expert Chair: Leo Kim.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062511/5516fd80550346f5558b4ec1/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Recent Issues (Failure)• 2010, Indian state of Andhra Pradesh restricted
microfinancing practices after repeated suicide reports from borrowers:– Accused companies for exploitations, harsh collection
tactics, andexorbitant interest rates
– Spread to nearby states likeBangladesh and Pakistan• Bangladesh removed
Muhammad Yunus as thedirector of Grameen Bank,and exerts more control as of now
• Lebanon’s microfinance struggles due to MFIs collapsing, when many burrowers indebted
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Recent Issues (success)
• State of the Microfinance Campaign Reports 2006 reports “microcredit is one of the most powerful tools to address global poverty”
• Some MFIs that learned from previous mistakes fixed systems; better results
• Tunisia managed to grow flower-business practicing microfinance
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On-going Problems• Report by Youssef Fawaz:– microfinance institutions are struggling as “clients drown
themselves in debt by borrowing money from multiple institutions”• Increased institutions• Absence of regulation & credit
bureaus
– Other issues than multipleborrowings:• Political Instability like Arab Spring:
people became delinquents as theirbusiness suffered
• Economic Instabilities: When stateswith strong trade-ties falters, it alsoinfluences microfinancing practices
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On-going Problems (cont.)
• Political reasons:– Some governments discouraged borrowers from repaying
loans due to high interest rates– Some locals strived for political favor and subsidized loans at
below-market rates or gave credit without checking
• Lack of education – some clients do not know how much credit can they manage without indebtingthemselves, and even with finance, they cannot produce competitive products asthey are not so skillful
• Lack of “proper” MFIs: Mostare incapable
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General Stance• India: India has the negative view on this issue as its
government does put complaints on MFIs, and there’s the Andhra Pradesh region, which should be paid attention to. Indiaadvocates for changes fromthe current system.
• Bangladesh: Bangladesh isthe origin of microfinance,and recent trends showthat it follows India’sactions, which thegovernment discouragespeople from using MFIs.
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General Stance (cont.)
• Neighboring states follow same stance as India and Bangladesh, and discourage microfinance.
• LEDCs: Are in more direneed of microfinancingpractices, as it can workas a key to povertyalleviation.
• MEDCs: Some MEDCs alsopractice microfinance inmeans to help their ownimpoverished citizens
• MFIs: They are crucial to microfinance, yet they are not so regulated, and most MFIs are for-profit, meaning their ultimate goal is not poverty eradication.
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Issue 2: The question of preventing religious and racial discrimination in the
workplace
Expert Chair: Samuel Hsia
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Recent Issues• Right now, the United States has a workplace
discrimination issue going on: discrimination based on gender and sexuality– Republicans in the House of Representatives are
blocking the Employment Non-Discrimination Act (ENDA)
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Recent Issues (cont.)– White House spokesman Jay Carney claims
executive order to end such discriminations is redundant• Causes backlash• Various complaints from LGBT activist groups across the
United States• Human Rights Campaign VP of communications Fred
Sainz disagrees strongly, says that executive order is needed.
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General Stance• Currently, the main ongoing issue with
workplace discrimination is happening in the United States right now
• Democrats: They are pushing for the Employment Non-Discrimination Act (ENDA) through Congressional voting procedures
• Republicans: They are voting against the the ENDA• Executive Branch: Taking a more conservative approach
and not involving in manners directly
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General Implications• For companies: In general, for companies this means
spending more resources on making and enforcing laws that prevent workplace discrimination – something that the companies may be unwilling to do.
• For the United States government: One main controversy is that once the law is passed, carrying out the law may be much more complicated than expected – the degree of intervention that the USG could have in corporations is still undecided.
• For the discriminated: If passed, this law could could greatly benefit their working experiences.
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FAMINE IN HORN OF AFRICA
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KEY THINGS TO KNOW
• Drought occurred at the end of 2010• This problem is affecting more than 13 million people in
the region (which includes Djibouti, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Kenya, Somalia, Sudan and Uganda – the poorest region in the continent)
• The main causes for this problem are:– Shortage of food– Climate change– Agricultural policy– Military conflicts– Effects of global markets on local economies
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KEY THINGS TO KNOW
• More than 40% of the population of the Horn of Africa are living in areas where there are severe food shortages
• Many farmers are dis-incentivized from growing food because of cheaper imports – this hurts their local markets and the governments don’t do much to stop this
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ORGANIZATIONS
• World Food Programme• UNICEF– From 2011 to now, number of people in need of
assistance has decreased from 13M to 8M• There are many organizations that are
donating food and necessities to these people in the region, but the ones listed are the biggest ones
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SOURCES THAT MAY BE HELPFUL TO YOU AND YOUR RESEARCH
Rice, Xan. "Hunger Pains: Famine in the Horn of Africa." The Guardian: n. pag. The Guardian. Web. 1 Apr. 2014. <http://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2011/aug/08/ hunger-pains-famine-horn-africa>.
Stastna, Kazi. "Horn of Africa Famine as Much about Geopolitics as Drought." CBC News: n. pag. CBC News. Web. 1 Apr. 2014. <http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/ horn-of-africa-famine-as-much-about-geopolitics-as-drought-1.1027406>.
Tisdall, Simon. "East Africa's Drought: The Avoidable Disaster." The Guardian: n. pag. The Guardian. Web. 1 Apr. 2014. <http://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jan/18/ east-africa-drought-disaster-report>.
"Help Children in the Horn of Africa." UNICEF. UNICEF, n.d. Web. 1 Apr. 2014. <http://www.unicefusa.org/work/emergencies/horn-of-africa/>.
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FAMINE IN HORN OF AFRICA
![Page 19: Issue 1: The question of promoting reliable microfinancing practices in LEDCs Expert Chair: Leo Kim.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062511/5516fd80550346f5558b4ec1/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
KEY THINGS TO KNOW
• Drought occurred at the end of 2010• This problem is affecting more than 13 million people in
the region (which includes Djibouti, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Kenya, Somalia, Sudan and Uganda – the poorest region in the continent)
• The main causes for this problem are:– Shortage of food– Climate change– Agricultural policy– Military conflicts– Effects of global markets on local economies
![Page 20: Issue 1: The question of promoting reliable microfinancing practices in LEDCs Expert Chair: Leo Kim.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062511/5516fd80550346f5558b4ec1/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
KEY THINGS TO KNOW
• More than 40% of the population of the Horn of Africa are living in areas where there are severe food shortages
• Many farmers are dis-incentivized from growing food because of cheaper imports – this hurts their local markets and the governments don’t do much to stop this
![Page 21: Issue 1: The question of promoting reliable microfinancing practices in LEDCs Expert Chair: Leo Kim.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062511/5516fd80550346f5558b4ec1/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
ORGANIZATIONS
• United Nations World Food Programme– WFP has provided food to stable and unstable areas
in the region– WFP has programmes that helps the region try to
get back to farming by teaching them new ways of irrigation and agriculture
• UNICEF– From 2011 to now, number of people in need of
assistance has decreased from 13M to 8M because of UNICEF’s aid
![Page 22: Issue 1: The question of promoting reliable microfinancing practices in LEDCs Expert Chair: Leo Kim.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062511/5516fd80550346f5558b4ec1/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
U.S. and the EU• U.S.
– Possible that U.S.’s counter-terrorism policies have actually worsened the situation
• EU– Provided €791M– European Commission Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection (ECHO)
provided:• Shelter• Food• Nutritional services• Clean drinking water• Sanitation• Healthcare• Recovery
![Page 23: Issue 1: The question of promoting reliable microfinancing practices in LEDCs Expert Chair: Leo Kim.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062511/5516fd80550346f5558b4ec1/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
SOURCES THAT MAY BE HELPFUL TO YOU AND YOUR RESEARCH
Rice, Xan. "Hunger Pains: Famine in the Horn of Africa." The Guardian: n. pag. The Guardian. Web. 1 Apr. 2014. <http://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2011/aug/08/ hunger-pains-famine-horn-africa>.
Stastna, Kazi. "Horn of Africa Famine as Much about Geopolitics as Drought." CBC News: n. pag. CBC News. Web. 1 Apr. 2014. <http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/ horn-of-africa-famine-as-much-about-geopolitics-as-drought-1.1027406>.
Tisdall, Simon. "East Africa's Drought: The Avoidable Disaster." The Guardian: n. pag. The Guardian. Web. 1 Apr. 2014. <http://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jan/18/ east-africa-drought-disaster-report>.
"Help Children in the Horn of Africa." UNICEF. UNICEF, n.d. Web. 1 Apr. 2014. <http://www.unicefusa.org/work/emergencies/horn-of-africa/>.
"Horn of Africa Crisis: Somalia's Famine." Al Jazeera: n. pag. Al Jazeera. Web. 1 Apr. 2014. <http://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/faultlines/2011/11/201111271473753430.html>.
"Horn of Africa - SHARE." Humanitarian and Civil Protection. European Commission, n.d. Web. 1 Apr. 2014. <http://ec.europa.eu/echo/policies/resilience/share_en.htm>.