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![Page 1: ISOLDE Workshop and Users meeting 2011 Nanostructured Calcium Oxide Targets for the Production of Argon Beams João Pedro Ramos 7 th of December 2011 Dr.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649f455503460f94c665c6/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
ISOLDE Workshop and Users meeting 2011
Nanostructured Calcium Oxide Targets for the Production of Argon Beams
João Pedro Ramos7th of December 2011
Dr. Thierry Stora
Prof. Ana Senos
![Page 2: ISOLDE Workshop and Users meeting 2011 Nanostructured Calcium Oxide Targets for the Production of Argon Beams João Pedro Ramos 7 th of December 2011 Dr.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649f455503460f94c665c6/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Jo
João Pedro Ramos
ISOLDE Workshop and Users meeting 2011Nanostructured Calcium Oxide Targets for the Production of Ar Beams
Overview CaO Targets at ISOLDE:
Overview and Issues
Material Study Characterization Techniques Material Synthesis Reactivity with Air Sintering Kinetics
Online Tests: Yields
Future Work
2/15
ISOLDE Application Target Production Target Handling Target Operation
![Page 3: ISOLDE Workshop and Users meeting 2011 Nanostructured Calcium Oxide Targets for the Production of Argon Beams João Pedro Ramos 7 th of December 2011 Dr.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649f455503460f94c665c6/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Jo
João Pedro Ramos
ISOLDE Workshop and Users meeting 2011Nanostructured Calcium Oxide Targets for the Production of Ar Beams
CaO Target Main Issues:
Unstable Yields Low since the beggining Drop over time
Turrion, M.; Urszula, H.-I. ISOLDE Yield Database. https://oraweb.cern.ch/pls/isolde/query_tgt (accessed December 1st, 2011)Shift numbers by courtesy of Magdalena Kowalska, Physics Coordinator at ISOLDE, CERN.
Overview
3/15
1 to 2 Targets built every year
Shifts for the last 5 years
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 501E+0
1E+1
1E+2
1E+3
1E+4
1E+5
1E+6
1E+7
1E+8
Isotopes of Interest
Argon PSB
Carbon PSB
Helium PSB
Neon PSB
Argon SC
Carbon SC
Helium SC
Nitrogen SC
Neon SC
Mass Number
Yie
ld (
ions/
C)
Microstructure relatedMaterial study needed!
![Page 4: ISOLDE Workshop and Users meeting 2011 Nanostructured Calcium Oxide Targets for the Production of Argon Beams João Pedro Ramos 7 th of December 2011 Dr.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649f455503460f94c665c6/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Jo
João Pedro Ramos
ISOLDE Workshop and Users meeting 2011Nanostructured Calcium Oxide Targets for the Production of Ar Beams
Material Characterization Best material for best release
properties: High porosity (>30%) High pore size (>100nm) Nanometric grain (<100nm)
Stora, T. et al., Nanostructured Target for Isotope Production, WO 2010/034364 A1, 2010.
Material Study
4/15
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 802θ(o)
![Page 5: ISOLDE Workshop and Users meeting 2011 Nanostructured Calcium Oxide Targets for the Production of Argon Beams João Pedro Ramos 7 th of December 2011 Dr.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649f455503460f94c665c6/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Jo
João Pedro Ramos
ISOLDE Workshop and Users meeting 2011Nanostructured Calcium Oxide Targets for the Production of Ar Beams
Material Synthesis
Material Study
5/15
500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 100030
35
40
45
50
55
30
35
40
45
50SSA
Temperature (oC)
Surf
ace A
rea (
m2/g
)
Cry
sta
llit
e S
ize (
nm
)
Nanostructured material
35 – 40nm
High Open Porosities (~47%)
Pore Size ~20nm
CaO
CaCO3
![Page 6: ISOLDE Workshop and Users meeting 2011 Nanostructured Calcium Oxide Targets for the Production of Argon Beams João Pedro Ramos 7 th of December 2011 Dr.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649f455503460f94c665c6/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Jo
João Pedro Ramos
ISOLDE Workshop and Users meeting 2011Nanostructured Calcium Oxide Targets for the Production of Ar Beams
Material Synthesis
Material Study
6/15
500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 100030
35
40
45
50
55
30
35
40
45
50SSA
Temperature (oC)
Surf
ace A
rea (
m2/g
)
Cry
sta
llit
e S
ize (
nm
)
Nanostructured material
35 – 40nm
High Open Porosities (~47%)
Pore Size ~20nm
![Page 7: ISOLDE Workshop and Users meeting 2011 Nanostructured Calcium Oxide Targets for the Production of Argon Beams João Pedro Ramos 7 th of December 2011 Dr.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649f455503460f94c665c6/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Jo
João Pedro Ramos
ISOLDE Workshop and Users meeting 2011Nanostructured Calcium Oxide Targets for the Production of Ar Beams
Target ProductionOld Process
Temperature up to 1200oC Pyrometer to control T No defined heating and
cooling rates
ISOLDE Application
7/15
New Process
Temperature up to 800oC Thermocouple to control T ~10oC/min (Heating and
Cooling rates)
![Page 8: ISOLDE Workshop and Users meeting 2011 Nanostructured Calcium Oxide Targets for the Production of Argon Beams João Pedro Ramos 7 th of December 2011 Dr.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649f455503460f94c665c6/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Jo
João Pedro Ramos
ISOLDE Workshop and Users meeting 2011Nanostructured Calcium Oxide Targets for the Production of Ar Beams
0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.00%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
59m2/g
Time (min)
Mate
rial H
ydra
ted
Reactivity to Air
Higher Sintering of CaO produced from Ca(OH)2
Irreversibility in terms of microstructure
8/15
Material Study
0.9 to 1.2% per min
As produced: 59m2/g
Left at Air for 2 days: 9m2/gTT at 800ºC for 20 min: 28m2/g
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Jo
João Pedro Ramos
ISOLDE Workshop and Users meeting 2011Nanostructured Calcium Oxide Targets for the Production of Ar Beams
Target Handling
9/15
No care with respect to hydration was taken before. Glove Box (Argon atm) Single Batch Preparation
Prevents Hydration Enhances safety
(nanomaterial)
No traces of Ca(OH)2 on XRD were detected!
ISOLDE Application
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Jo
João Pedro Ramos
ISOLDE Workshop and Users meeting 2011Nanostructured Calcium Oxide Targets for the Production of Ar Beams
Sintering Kinetics CaO Pellets with 60% porosity were pressed
10/15
0 100 200 300 400 500 60025
30
35
40
45
50
Time (min)
SSA
(m
2/g
)
Starting Powder = 59m2/g
1000oC
1100oC
1200oC
Material Study
1200o
C
3min 2h 10h
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Jo
João Pedro Ramos
ISOLDE Workshop and Users meeting 2011Nanostructured Calcium Oxide Targets for the Production of Ar Beams
Target Operation
11/15
Old Settings
T up to 1200oC 3x1013ppp
Avoid Nanostructure degradation.
New (Safe) Settings
T up to 800oC 8x1012ppp
ISOLDE Application
25 to 40 m2/g 40 to 70nm 33% Porosity
(~11nm)
~4 m2/g 0.3 to 0.5m 9% Porosity
(~9nm)
>40 m2/g <45nm 47% Porosity
(~20nm)
>38m2/g <45nm 47% Porosity (~20nm)Te
mp
era
ture
eff
ect
on
ly!
Eff
ect
of
Pro
ton
s is
un
kn
ow
n!
![Page 12: ISOLDE Workshop and Users meeting 2011 Nanostructured Calcium Oxide Targets for the Production of Argon Beams João Pedro Ramos 7 th of December 2011 Dr.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649f455503460f94c665c6/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Jo
João Pedro Ramos
ISOLDE Workshop and Users meeting 2011Nanostructured Calcium Oxide Targets for the Production of Ar Beams
Target CaO #469 (VADIS)
Yields on 31,32Ar measured by ISOLDE experiment IS476 – H. Fynbo and B. Blank.Turrion, M.; Urszula, H.-I. ISOLDE Yield Database. https://oraweb.cern.ch/pls/isolde/query_tgt (accessed December 1st, 2011)TRIUMF. ISAC Yield Measurement. http://www.triumf.info/facility/research_fac/yield.php (accessed December 5th, 2011)GANIL. SPIRAL Beams. http://pro.ganil-spiral2.eu/users-guide/accelerators/spiral-beams (accessed December 5th, 2011)
Online Tests
12/15
Isotope T(ºC)Yield
(ions/C)Database(ions/C)
6He 610 2.3E+6 2.6E+610C (CO) 705 6.1E+5 5.3E+515C (CO) 705 7.0E+3 6.2E+319Ne 610 9.6E+6 7.6E+6
30.5 31 31.5 32 32.5 33 33.5 34 34.5 35 35.51E+0
1E+1
1E+2
1E+3
1E+4
1E+5
1E+6
1E+7
1E+8
1E+9
5E+0
#123 (1050ºC)
#469 (610ºC)
#408 (>1050ºC)
Argon Mass
Yie
lds (
ions/
C)
(after 8h)
830oC
Comparing ISOLDE Ar beams:Protons per
second
31Ar (15.1ms)
32Ar(98ms)
33Ar(174.1ms)
34Ar(844ms)
35Ar(1.78s)
ISOLDE 6.3E+01 3.6E+03 2.0E+05 2.6E+06 3.0E+08TRIUMF - - 7.0E+02 2.9E+04 6.5E+06SPIRAL 4.4E+00 1.0E+03 9.1E+04 5.0E+06 3.5E+08
More to report on C beams next year (C. Seiffert)
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Jo
João Pedro Ramos
ISOLDE Workshop and Users meeting 2011Nanostructured Calcium Oxide Targets for the Production of Ar Beams
Yields Over time 31Ar drop on CaO#4085 to 1 ion/C in 8 hours
31Ar measured CaO#469to be 42 ions/C after >80h of operation
32Ar Yield drop, courtesy of Susanne Kreim – ISOLTRAP, ISOLDE, CERN
13/15
Online Tests
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 1620%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Decrease of 32Ar Yield on CaO#123 (ISOLTRAP)
Operation Time (h)R
ela
tive 3
2A
r Yie
ld
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1001E+06
1E+07
1E+08 35Ar yield during operation of CaO#469
Operation time (h)
Yie
ld (
ions/
C)
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Jo
João Pedro Ramos
ISOLDE Workshop and Users meeting 2011Nanostructured Calcium Oxide Targets for the Production of Ar Beams
Future Work/Plans Further development of CaO target
Tunning the production process Using higher operation temperatures/proton
intensities Study of the proton impact effect on CaO
Possible PhD: Development of nanograined oxide target materials for ISOLDE MgO TiO2 or TiC – Ca beams HfO2 – C beams CeO2 – Se beams ThO2 – gains on metalic beams
Future Work
14/15
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Jo
João Pedro Ramos
ISOLDE Workshop and Users meeting 2011Nanostructured Calcium Oxide Targets for the Production of Ar Beams
Thank you!Comments and questions?
15/15
Acknowledgments
Ana SenosThierry StoraAlexander GottbergTânia MendonçaBernard CrepieuxMagdalena KowalskaMichał CzapskiChristoph SeiffertMartin BreitenfeldtGonzalo IzquierdoMonika StachuraMichael OwenJens RoderSusanne KreimThomas Schneider